1 package DBIx::Class::Storage;
6 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
8 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;
9 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
11 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => qw/debug debugobj schema/);
13 package # Hide from PAUSE
14 DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION;
16 use overload '"' => sub {
17 'DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION'
23 return bless $self, $class;
26 package DBIx::Class::Storage;
30 DBIx::Class::Storage - Generic Storage Handler
34 A base implementation of common Storage methods. For specific
35 information about L<DBI>-based storage, see L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI>.
43 Instantiates the Storage object.
48 my ($self, $schema) = @_;
50 $self = ref $self if ref $self;
55 $new->set_schema($schema);
56 $new->debugobj(new DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics());
60 my $debug_env = $ENV{DBIX_CLASS_STORAGE_DBI_DEBUG}
63 if (defined($debug_env) && ($debug_env =~ /=(.+)$/)) {
64 $fh = IO::File->new($1, 'w')
65 or $new->throw_exception("Cannot open trace file $1");
67 $fh = IO::File->new('>&STDERR');
71 $new->debug(1) if $debug_env;
78 Used to reset the schema class or object which owns this
79 storage object, such as during L<DBIx::Class::Schema/clone>.
84 my ($self, $schema) = @_;
85 $self->schema($schema);
86 weaken($self->{schema}) if ref $self->{schema};
91 Returns true if we have an open storage connection, false
92 if it is not (yet) open.
96 sub connected { die "Virtual method!" }
100 Closes any open storage connection unconditionally.
104 sub disconnect { die "Virtual method!" }
106 =head2 ensure_connected
108 Initiate a connection to the storage if one isn't already open.
112 sub ensure_connected { die "Virtual method!" }
114 =head2 throw_exception
116 Throws an exception - croaks.
120 sub throw_exception {
123 $self->schema->throw_exception(@_) if $self->schema;
131 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>, @coderef_args?
133 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
137 Executes C<$coderef> with (optional) arguments C<@coderef_args> atomically,
138 returning its result (if any). If an exception is caught, a rollback is issued
139 and the exception is rethrown. If the rollback fails, (i.e. throws an
140 exception) an exception is thrown that includes a "Rollback failed" message.
144 my $author_rs = $schema->resultset('Author')->find(1);
145 my @titles = qw/Night Day It/;
148 # If any one of these fails, the entire transaction fails
149 $author_rs->create_related('books', {
151 }) foreach (@titles);
153 return $author->books;
158 $rs = $schema->txn_do($coderef);
161 if ($@) { # Transaction failed
162 die "something terrible has happened!" #
163 if ($@ =~ /Rollback failed/); # Rollback failed
165 deal_with_failed_transaction();
168 In a nested transaction (calling txn_do() from within a txn_do() coderef) only
169 the outermost transaction will issue a L</txn_commit>, and txn_do() can be
170 called in void, scalar and list context and it will behave as expected.
172 Please note that all of the code in your coderef, including non-DBIx::Class
173 code, is part of a transaction. This transaction may fail out halfway, or
174 it may get partially double-executed (in the case that our DB connection
175 failed halfway through the transaction, in which case we reconnect and
176 restart the txn). Therefore it is best that any side-effects in your coderef
177 are idempotent (that is, can be re-executed multiple times and get the
178 same result), and that you check up on your side-effects in the case of
184 my ($self, $coderef, @args) = @_;
186 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
187 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
189 my (@return_values, $return_value);
191 $self->txn_begin; # If this throws an exception, no rollback is needed
193 my $wantarray = wantarray; # Need to save this since the context
194 # inside the eval{} block is independent
195 # of the context that called txn_do()
198 # Need to differentiate between scalar/list context to allow for
199 # returning a list in scalar context to get the size of the list
202 @return_values = $coderef->(@args);
203 } elsif (defined $wantarray) {
205 $return_value = $coderef->(@args);
221 my $rollback_error = $@;
222 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
223 $self->throw_exception($error) # propagate nested rollback
224 if $rollback_error =~ /$exception_class/;
226 $self->throw_exception(
227 "Transaction aborted: $error. Rollback failed: ${rollback_error}"
230 $self->throw_exception($error); # txn failed but rollback succeeded
234 return $wantarray ? @return_values : $return_value;
239 Starts a transaction.
241 See the preferred L</txn_do> method, which allows for
242 an entire code block to be executed transactionally.
246 sub txn_begin { die "Virtual method!" }
250 Issues a commit of the current transaction.
254 sub txn_commit { die "Virtual method!" }
258 Issues a rollback of the current transaction. A nested rollback will
259 throw a L<DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION> exception,
260 which allows the rollback to propagate to the outermost transaction.
264 sub txn_rollback { die "Virtual method!" }
268 Returns a C<sql_maker> object - normally an object of class
269 C<DBIC::SQL::Abstract>.
273 sub sql_maker { die "Virtual method!" }
277 Causes trace information to be emitted on the C<debugobj> object.
278 (or C<STDERR> if C<debugobj> has not specifically been set).
280 This is the equivalent to setting L</DBIC_TRACE> in your
285 Set or retrieve the filehandle used for trace/debug output. This should be
286 an IO::Handle compatible ojbect (only the C<print> method is used. Initially
287 set to be STDERR - although see information on the
288 L<DBIC_TRACE> environment variable.
295 if ($self->debugobj->can('debugfh')) {
296 return $self->debugobj->debugfh(@_);
302 Sets or retrieves the object used for metric collection. Defaults to an instance
303 of L<DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics> that is compatible with the original
304 method of using a coderef as a callback. See the aforementioned Statistics
305 class for more information.
309 Sets a callback to be executed each time a statement is run; takes a sub
310 reference. Callback is executed as $sub->($op, $info) where $op is
311 SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE and $info is what would normally be printed.
313 See L<debugobj> for a better way.
320 if ($self->debugobj->can('callback')) {
321 return $self->debugobj->callback(@_);
327 The cursor class for this Storage object.
331 sub cursor { die "Virtual method!" }
335 Deploy the tables to storage (CREATE TABLE and friends in a SQL-based
336 Storage class). This would normally be called through
337 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
341 sub deploy { die "Virtual method!" }
345 The arguments of C<connect_info> are always a single array reference,
346 and are Storage-handler specific.
348 This is normally accessed via L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
349 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before calling
350 C<connect_info> here.
354 sub connect_info { die "Virtual method!" }
358 Handle a select statement.
362 sub select { die "Virtual method!" }
366 Handle an insert statement.
370 sub insert { die "Virtual method!" }
374 Handle an update statement.
378 sub update { die "Virtual method!" }
382 Handle a delete statement.
386 sub delete { die "Virtual method!" }
390 Performs a select, fetch and return of data - handles a single row
395 sub select_single { die "Virtual method!" }
397 =head2 columns_info_for
399 Returns metadata for the given source's columns. This
400 is *deprecated*, and will be removed before 1.0. You should
401 be specifying the metadata yourself if you need it.
405 sub columns_info_for { die "Virtual method!" }
407 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
411 If C<DBIC_TRACE> is set then trace information
412 is produced (as when the L<debug> method is set).
414 If the value is of the form C<1=/path/name> then the trace output is
415 written to the file C</path/name>.
417 This environment variable is checked when the storage object is first
418 created (when you call connect on your schema). So, run-time changes
419 to this environment variable will not take effect unless you also
420 re-connect on your schema.
422 =head2 DBIX_CLASS_STORAGE_DBI_DEBUG
424 Old name for DBIC_TRACE
428 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
430 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
434 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.