1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
4 use base 'DBIx::Class::Storage';
8 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
10 use DBIx::Class::SQLAHacks;
11 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
13 use Scalar::Util qw/blessed weaken/;
15 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
16 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts
17 _conn_pid _conn_tid transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit savepoints/
20 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
21 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
22 my @storage_options = qw/
23 on_connect_do on_disconnect_do disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
25 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
28 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
29 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
31 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/sql_maker_class/);
32 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLAHacks');
37 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
41 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
43 $schema->storage->debug(1);
44 $schema->dbh_do("DROP TABLE authors");
46 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
47 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser(DateTime->now)
52 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
53 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
54 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
61 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
63 $new->transaction_depth(0);
64 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
65 $new->{savepoints} = [];
66 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
74 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
75 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
77 The argument list may contain:
83 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
84 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
85 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
86 recognized by DBIx::Class:
88 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
92 A single code reference which returns a connected
93 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
94 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
97 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
101 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
104 $connect_info_args = [{
112 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
113 following config (L<Config::General> style):
118 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
127 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
128 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
129 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
130 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
131 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
132 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
134 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
136 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
137 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
138 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
139 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a seperate hashref
140 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
142 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
143 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
144 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
151 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
152 the database. Its value may contain:
158 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
160 =item an array reference
162 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
163 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
165 =item a code reference
167 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
168 array reference, its return value is ignored.
172 =item on_disconnect_do
174 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
175 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
177 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
180 =item disable_sth_caching
182 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
183 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
187 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
188 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
189 driver alone. See also L<SQL::Abstract::Limit>.
193 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
194 you use this you will want to specify L</name_sep> as well.
196 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
197 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
198 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
200 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
201 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
205 This only needs to be used in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
206 specify the charecter that seperates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
207 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
209 The consequences of not supplying this value is that L<SQL::Abstract>
210 will assume DBIx::Class' uses of aliases to be complete column
211 names. The output will look like I<"me.name"> when it should actually
216 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
217 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
218 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
219 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
221 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
222 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
223 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
224 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
226 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
227 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
228 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
232 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
233 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
234 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
238 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
239 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
243 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
244 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
246 # Simple SQLite connection
247 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
250 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
252 # A bit more complicated
259 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
263 # Equivalent to the previous example
269 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
273 # Same, but with hashref as argument
274 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
277 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
279 password => 'my_pg_password',
286 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
289 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
293 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
294 disable_sth_caching => 1,
304 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
306 return $self->_connect_info if !$info_arg;
308 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
309 $self->_connect_info([@args]); # copy for _connect_info
312 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
315 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
316 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
319 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
320 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
322 for (qw/password user dsn/) {
323 unshift @args, delete $attrs{$_};
326 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
328 % { $args[3] || {} },
329 % { $args[4] || {} },
331 @args = @args[0,1,2];
334 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
335 # the new set of options
336 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
337 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
340 for my $storage_opt (@storage_options, 'cursor_class') { # @storage_options is declared at the top of the module
341 if(my $value = delete $attrs{$storage_opt}) {
342 $self->$storage_opt($value);
345 for my $sql_maker_opt (qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/) {
346 if(my $opt_val = delete $attrs{$sql_maker_opt}) {
347 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $opt_val;
352 %attrs = () if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE'); # _connect() never looks past $args[0] in this case
354 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args, keys %attrs ? \%attrs : ()]);
355 $self->_connect_info;
360 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
365 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
367 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
368 connection management.
370 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
371 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
372 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
374 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
375 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
377 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
378 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
379 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
383 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
385 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
386 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
387 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
398 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
400 return $self->$code($dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
401 || $self->{transaction_depth};
403 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
406 my $want_array = wantarray;
409 $self->_verify_pid if $dbh;
411 $self->_populate_dbh;
416 @result = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
418 elsif(defined $want_array) {
419 $result[0] = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
422 $self->$code($dbh, @_);
427 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
429 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
431 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
432 # exception fall right through this time
433 $self->_populate_dbh;
434 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @_);
437 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
438 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
439 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
444 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
445 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
447 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
449 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
452 my $want_array = wantarray;
457 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
458 $self->_populate_dbh if !$self->_dbh;
462 @result = $coderef->(@_);
464 elsif(defined $want_array) {
465 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
474 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
476 if($tried++ > 0 || $self->connected) {
477 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
478 my $rollback_exception = $@;
479 if($rollback_exception) {
480 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
481 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
482 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
484 $self->throw_exception(
485 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
486 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
489 $self->throw_exception($exception)
492 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
494 $self->_populate_dbh;
500 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
501 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
508 if( $self->connected ) {
509 my $connection_do = $self->on_disconnect_do;
510 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if ref($connection_do);
512 $self->_dbh->rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
513 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
519 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
523 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
525 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
529 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
530 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
534 # Storage subclasses should override this
535 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
536 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
544 if(my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
545 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
552 return 0 if !$self->_dbh;
554 return ($dbh->FETCH('Active') && $dbh->ping);
560 # handle pid changes correctly
561 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
565 return if defined $self->_conn_pid && $self->_conn_pid == $$;
567 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
574 sub ensure_connected {
577 unless ($self->connected) {
578 $self->_populate_dbh;
584 Returns the dbh - a data base handle of class L<DBI>.
591 $self->ensure_connected;
595 sub _sql_maker_args {
598 return ( bindtype=>'columns', array_datatypes => 1, limit_dialect => $self->dbh, %{$self->_sql_maker_opts} );
603 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
604 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
605 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
607 return $self->_sql_maker;
614 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
615 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
617 $self->_determine_driver;
619 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
620 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
621 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
623 $self->_conn_pid($$);
624 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
626 my $connection_do = $self->on_connect_do;
627 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if $connection_do;
630 sub _determine_driver {
633 if (ref $self eq 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI') {
636 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
637 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
639 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
640 # force a connection in _rebless to determine version
641 ($driver) = $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] =~ /dbi:([^:]+):/i;
644 if ($self->load_optional_class("DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}")) {
645 bless $self, "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
651 sub _do_connection_actions {
653 my $connection_do = shift;
655 if (!ref $connection_do) {
656 $self->_do_query($connection_do);
658 elsif (ref $connection_do eq 'ARRAY') {
659 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$connection_do;
661 elsif (ref $connection_do eq 'CODE') {
662 $connection_do->($self);
665 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref $connection_do) );
672 my ($self, $action) = @_;
674 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
675 $action = $action->($self);
676 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
679 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
680 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
681 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
682 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
683 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
684 my $sql = shift @do_args;
685 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
686 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
688 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
689 $self->_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
690 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
697 my ($self, @info) = @_;
699 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
702 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
704 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
705 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
706 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
710 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
714 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
717 if($dbh && !$self->unsafe) {
718 my $weak_self = $self;
720 $dbh->{HandleError} = sub {
722 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
725 croak ("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
728 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
729 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
730 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
734 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
736 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
739 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
745 my ($self, $name) = @_;
747 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
748 unless defined $name;
750 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
751 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
753 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
754 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
756 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
758 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
760 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
764 my ($self, $name) = @_;
766 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
767 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
769 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
770 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
773 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
774 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
776 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
777 # the stack up to date.
780 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
782 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
785 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
787 return $self->_svp_release($name);
791 my ($self, $name) = @_;
793 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
794 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
796 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
797 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
800 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
801 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
802 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
805 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
806 # the stack up to date.
807 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
808 last if($s eq $name);
810 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
811 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
812 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
814 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
815 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
818 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
820 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
823 sub _svp_generate_name {
826 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
831 $self->ensure_connected();
832 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
833 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
835 # this isn't ->_dbh-> because
836 # we should reconnect on begin_work
837 # for AutoCommit users
838 $self->dbh->begin_work;
839 } elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
842 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
847 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
848 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
849 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
852 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
853 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
855 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
856 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
858 if $self->auto_savepoint;
864 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
866 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
867 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
869 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
870 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
873 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
874 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
875 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
881 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
886 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
887 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
888 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
889 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
890 $self->throw_exception($error);
894 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
895 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
896 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
897 sub _prep_for_execute {
898 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
900 if( blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
901 $ident = $ident->from();
904 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
907 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
909 return ($sql, \@bind);
912 sub _fix_bind_params {
913 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
915 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
916 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
918 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
921 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
922 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
929 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
931 if ( $self->debug ) {
932 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
934 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
939 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
941 if ( $self->debug ) {
942 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
943 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
948 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
950 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
952 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
954 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
956 my $placeholder_index = 1;
958 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
960 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
962 if ($bind_attributes) {
963 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
964 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
967 foreach my $data (@data) {
969 $data = $ref && $ref ne 'ARRAY' ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args (except arrayrefs)
971 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
972 $placeholder_index++;
976 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
977 my $rv = $sth->execute();
978 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
980 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
982 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
987 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_)
991 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
993 my $ident = $source->from;
994 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
996 my $updated_cols = {};
998 $self->ensure_connected;
999 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1000 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1001 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1003 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1004 $updated_cols->{$col} = $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch( 'nextval', $col_info->{sequence} || $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->dbh, $source) );
1009 $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert);
1011 return $updated_cols;
1014 ## Still not quite perfect, and EXPERIMENTAL
1015 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1016 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1017 ## only prepped once.
1019 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1021 my $table = $source->from;
1022 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1023 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->insert($table, \%colvalues);
1025 $self->_query_start( $sql, @bind );
1026 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1028 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1030 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1031 my $tuple_status = [];
1033 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1034 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1036 ## Bind the values and execute
1037 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1039 foreach my $bound (@bind) {
1041 my $attributes = {};
1042 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1044 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1045 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1046 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1049 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1051 $sth->bind_param_array( $placeholder_index, [@data], $attributes );
1052 $placeholder_index++;
1054 my $rv = $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1055 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1057 $self->_query_end( $sql, @bind );
1058 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1062 my $self = shift @_;
1063 my $source = shift @_;
1064 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1066 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, @_);
1071 my $self = shift @_;
1072 my $source = shift @_;
1074 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## If ever it's needed...
1076 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @_);
1079 # We were sent here because the $rs contains a complex search
1080 # which will require a subquery to select the correct rows
1081 # (i.e. joined or limited resultsets)
1083 # Genarating a single PK column subquery is trivial and supported
1084 # by all RDBMS. However if we have a multicolumn PK, things get ugly.
1085 # Look at multipk_update_delete()
1086 sub subq_update_delete {
1088 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1090 if ($rs->result_source->primary_columns == 1) {
1091 return $self->_onepk_update_delete (@_);
1094 return $self->_multipk_update_delete (@_);
1098 # Generally a single PK resultset operation is trivially expressed
1099 # with PK IN (subquery). However some databases (mysql) do not support
1100 # modification of a table mentioned in the subselect. This method
1101 # should be overriden in the appropriate storage class to be smarter
1102 # in such situations
1103 sub _onepk_update_delete {
1106 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1108 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1109 my $attrs = $rs->_resolved_attrs;
1110 my @pcols = $rsrc->primary_columns;
1112 $self->throw_exception ('_onepk_update_delete can not be called on resultsets selecting multiple columns')
1113 if (ref $attrs->{select} eq 'ARRAY' and @{$attrs->{select}} > 1);
1117 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1118 { $pcols[0] => { -in => $rs->as_query } },
1122 # ANSI SQL does not provide a reliable way to perform a multicol-PK
1123 # resultset update/delete involving subqueries. So resort to simple
1124 # (and inefficient) delete_all style per-row opearations, while allowing
1125 # specific storages to override this with a faster implementation.
1127 # We do not use $row->$op style queries, because resultset update/delete
1128 # is not expected to cascade (this is what delete_all/update_all is for).
1130 # There should be no race conditions as the entire operation is rolled
1132 sub _multipk_update_delete {
1134 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1136 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1137 my @pcols = $rsrc->primary_columns;
1138 my $attrs = $rs->_resolved_attrs;
1140 $self->throw_exception ('Number of columns selected by supplied resultset does not match number of primary keys')
1141 if ( ref $attrs->{select} ne 'ARRAY' or @{$attrs->{select}} != @pcols );
1143 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1145 my $subrs_cur = $rs->cursor;
1146 while (my @pks = $subrs_cur->next) {
1149 for my $i (0.. $#pcols) {
1150 $cond->{$pcols[$i]} = $pks[$i];
1155 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1168 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1169 local $sql_maker->{for};
1170 return $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
1174 my ($self, $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1175 my $order = $attrs->{order_by};
1177 my $for = delete $attrs->{for};
1178 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1179 $sql_maker->{for} = $for;
1181 if (exists $attrs->{group_by} || $attrs->{having}) {
1183 group_by => $attrs->{group_by},
1184 having => $attrs->{having},
1185 ($order ? (order_by => $order) : ())
1188 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## Future support
1189 my @args = ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $condition, $order);
1190 if ($attrs->{software_limit} ||
1191 $self->sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ") {
1192 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1194 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1195 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1197 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
1198 $attrs->{rows} = 2**48 if not defined $attrs->{rows} and defined $attrs->{offset};
1199 push @args, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1204 sub source_bind_attributes {
1205 my ($self, $source) = @_;
1207 my $bind_attributes;
1208 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
1210 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
1211 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
1215 return $bind_attributes;
1222 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
1226 Handle a SQL select statement.
1232 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1233 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
1238 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
1239 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1240 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
1241 if(@row && @nextrow) {
1242 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
1244 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
1253 =item Arguments: $sql
1257 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
1262 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1264 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1265 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1266 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1267 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1269 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1270 # but apparently that's not true :(
1271 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
1277 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
1278 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql);
1281 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
1282 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
1284 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
1287 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
1288 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
1290 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
1292 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
1293 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
1294 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
1295 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
1296 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
1297 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
1299 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
1302 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
1306 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
1308 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
1309 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
1311 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
1312 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
1313 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
1315 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
1316 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
1317 $column_info{size} = $2;
1320 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
1324 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
1325 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
1326 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
1328 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
1329 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
1330 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
1331 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
1338 sub columns_info_for {
1339 my ($self, $table) = @_;
1340 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_columns_info_for', $table);
1343 =head2 last_insert_id
1345 Return the row id of the last insert.
1349 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
1350 # All Storage's need to register their own _dbh_last_insert_id
1351 # the old SQLite-based method was highly inappropriate
1354 my $class = ref $self;
1355 $self->throw_exception (<<EOE);
1357 No _dbh_last_insert_id() method found in $class.
1358 Since the method of obtaining the autoincrement id of the last insert
1359 operation varies greatly between different databases, this method must be
1360 individually implemented for every storage class.
1364 sub last_insert_id {
1366 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_last_insert_id', @_);
1371 Returns the database driver name.
1375 sub sqlt_type { shift->dbh->{Driver}->{Name} }
1377 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
1379 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
1380 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
1381 let the database planner just handle it.
1383 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
1387 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
1391 =head2 create_ddl_dir
1395 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
1399 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
1400 database types, in the given directory.
1402 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
1404 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
1406 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
1407 hashref like the following
1409 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
1413 sub create_ddl_dir {
1414 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
1416 if(!$dir || !-d $dir) {
1417 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
1420 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
1421 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
1423 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
1424 $version ||= $schema_version;
1427 add_drop_table => 1,
1428 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
1429 ignore_index_names => 1,
1433 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't create a ddl file without SQL::Translator 0.09003: '}
1434 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1435 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1437 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
1439 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
1440 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
1441 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
1443 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
1445 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
1446 $sqlt->producer($db);
1449 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
1450 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
1451 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
1452 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
1456 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
1458 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
1461 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
1462 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
1465 print $file $output;
1468 next unless ($preversion);
1470 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
1472 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
1473 if(!-e $prefilename) {
1474 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
1478 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
1480 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
1486 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1491 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
1493 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
1494 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
1496 $source_schema = $t->schema;
1498 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
1499 unless ( $source_schema->name );
1502 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
1503 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
1504 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
1505 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
1507 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
1508 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1513 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
1515 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
1516 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
1518 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
1520 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
1521 unless $dest_schema->name;
1524 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
1528 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
1529 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
1537 =head2 deployment_statements
1541 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
1545 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
1546 The database driver name is given by C<$type>, though the value from
1547 L</sqlt_type> is used if it is not specified.
1549 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
1550 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
1551 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
1553 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
1554 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
1556 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
1560 sub deployment_statements {
1561 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
1562 # Need to be connected to get the correct sqlt_type
1563 $self->ensure_connected() unless $type;
1564 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
1565 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
1567 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
1571 open($file, "<$filename")
1572 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
1575 return join('', @rows);
1578 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't deploy without SQL::Translator 0.09003: '}
1579 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1580 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1582 require SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class;
1583 eval qq{use SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}};
1584 $self->throw_exception($@) if $@;
1586 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
1588 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
1589 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
1591 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(%$sqltargs);
1592 SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class::parse( $tr, $schema );
1593 return "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}"->can('produce')->($tr);
1597 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
1600 return if($line =~ /^--/);
1602 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
1603 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
1604 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
1605 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
1606 $self->_query_start($line);
1608 $self->dbh->do($line); # shouldn't be using ->dbh ?
1611 carp qq{$@ (running "${line}")};
1613 $self->_query_end($line);
1615 my @statements = $self->deployment_statements($schema, $type, undef, $dir, { no_comments => 1, %{ $sqltargs || {} } } );
1616 if (@statements > 1) {
1617 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
1618 $deploy->( $statement );
1621 elsif (@statements == 1) {
1622 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
1628 =head2 datetime_parser
1630 Returns the datetime parser class
1634 sub datetime_parser {
1636 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
1637 $self->ensure_connected;
1638 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
1642 =head2 datetime_parser_type
1644 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
1645 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
1649 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
1651 =head2 build_datetime_parser
1653 See L</datetime_parser>
1657 sub build_datetime_parser {
1659 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
1661 $self->throw_exception("Couldn't load ${type}: $@") if $@;
1666 my $_check_sqlt_version; # private
1667 my $_check_sqlt_message; # private
1668 sub _check_sqlt_version {
1669 return $_check_sqlt_version if defined $_check_sqlt_version;
1670 eval 'use SQL::Translator "0.09003"';
1671 $_check_sqlt_message = $@ || '';
1672 $_check_sqlt_version = !$@;
1675 sub _check_sqlt_message {
1676 _check_sqlt_version if !defined $_check_sqlt_message;
1677 $_check_sqlt_message;
1681 =head2 is_replicating
1683 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
1684 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
1685 returned by databases that don't support replication.
1689 sub is_replicating {
1694 =head2 lag_behind_master
1696 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
1697 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
1698 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
1702 sub lag_behind_master {
1708 return if !$self->_dbh;
1717 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
1719 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
1720 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
1721 combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
1723 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
1724 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
1725 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
1726 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
1727 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
1728 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
1729 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
1736 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
1738 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
1742 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.