1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base 'DBIx::Class::Storage';
10 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
13 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
17 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
18 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts _conn_pid
19 _conn_tid transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit _driver_determined savepoints/
22 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
23 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
24 my @storage_options = qw/
25 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
26 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
28 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
31 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
32 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
34 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/sql_maker_class/);
35 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLAHacks');
40 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
44 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
46 $schema->storage->debug(1);
47 $schema->dbh_do("DROP TABLE authors");
49 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
50 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser(DateTime->now)
55 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
56 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
57 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
64 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
66 $new->transaction_depth(0);
67 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
68 $new->{savepoints} = [];
69 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
77 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
78 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
80 The argument list may contain:
86 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
87 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
88 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
89 recognized by DBIx::Class:
91 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
95 A single code reference which returns a connected
96 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
97 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
100 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
104 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
107 $connect_info_args = [{
115 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
116 following config (L<Config::General> style):
121 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
130 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
131 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
132 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
133 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
134 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
135 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
137 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
139 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
140 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
141 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
142 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a seperate hashref
143 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
145 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
146 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
147 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
154 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
155 the database. Its value may contain:
161 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
163 =item an array reference
165 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
166 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
168 =item a code reference
170 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
171 array reference, its return value is ignored.
175 =item on_disconnect_do
177 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
178 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
180 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
183 =item on_connect_call
185 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
186 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
188 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
192 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
194 Its values may contain:
200 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
202 =item a code reference
204 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
206 =item an array reference
208 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
210 =item an array of arrays
212 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
213 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
217 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
223 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
224 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
232 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
236 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
237 attributes hashref and bind values.
239 =item a code reference
241 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
248 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
249 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
250 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
252 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
253 implementation details.
257 =item on_disconnect_call
259 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
260 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
262 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
263 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
265 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
268 =item disable_sth_caching
270 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
271 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
275 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
276 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
277 driver alone. See also L<SQL::Abstract::Limit>.
281 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
282 you use this you will want to specify L</name_sep> as well.
284 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
285 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
286 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
288 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
289 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
293 This only needs to be used in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
294 specify the charecter that seperates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
295 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
297 The consequences of not supplying this value is that L<SQL::Abstract>
298 will assume DBIx::Class' uses of aliases to be complete column
299 names. The output will look like I<"me.name"> when it should actually
304 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
305 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
306 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
307 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
309 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
310 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
311 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
312 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
314 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
315 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
316 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
320 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
321 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
322 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
326 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
327 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
331 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
332 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
334 # Simple SQLite connection
335 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
338 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
340 # A bit more complicated
347 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
351 # Equivalent to the previous example
357 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
361 # Same, but with hashref as argument
362 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
365 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
367 password => 'my_pg_password',
374 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
377 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
381 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
382 disable_sth_caching => 1,
392 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
394 return $self->_connect_info if !$info_arg;
396 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
397 $self->_connect_info([@args]); # copy for _connect_info
400 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
403 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
404 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
407 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
408 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
410 for (qw/password user dsn/) {
411 unshift @args, delete $attrs{$_};
414 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
416 % { $args[3] || {} },
417 % { $args[4] || {} },
419 @args = @args[0,1,2];
422 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
423 # the new set of options
424 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
425 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
428 for my $storage_opt (@storage_options, 'cursor_class') { # @storage_options is declared at the top of the module
429 if(my $value = delete $attrs{$storage_opt}) {
430 $self->$storage_opt($value);
433 for my $sql_maker_opt (qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/) {
434 if(my $opt_val = delete $attrs{$sql_maker_opt}) {
435 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $opt_val;
440 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') {
441 # _connect() never looks past $args[0] in this case
445 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
450 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args, keys %attrs ? \%attrs : ()]);
451 $self->_connect_info;
454 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes {
455 return { AutoCommit => 1 };
460 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
464 =head2 on_disconnect_do
466 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
470 sub _parse_connect_do {
471 my ($self, $type) = @_;
473 my $val = $self->$type;
474 return () if not defined $val;
479 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
480 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
482 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
483 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
485 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
493 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
495 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
496 connection management.
498 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
499 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
500 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
502 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
503 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
505 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
506 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
507 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
511 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
513 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
514 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
515 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
526 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
528 return $self->$code($dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
529 || $self->{transaction_depth};
531 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
534 my $want_array = wantarray;
537 $self->_verify_pid if $dbh;
539 $self->_populate_dbh;
544 @result = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
546 elsif(defined $want_array) {
547 $result[0] = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
550 $self->$code($dbh, @_);
555 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
557 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
559 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
560 # exception fall right through this time
561 $self->_populate_dbh;
562 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @_);
565 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
566 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
567 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
572 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
573 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
575 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
577 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
580 my $want_array = wantarray;
585 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
586 $self->_populate_dbh if !$self->_dbh;
590 @result = $coderef->(@_);
592 elsif(defined $want_array) {
593 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
602 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
604 if($tried++ || $self->connected) {
605 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
606 my $rollback_exception = $@;
607 if($rollback_exception) {
608 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
609 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
610 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
612 $self->throw_exception(
613 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
614 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
617 $self->throw_exception($exception)
620 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
622 $self->_populate_dbh;
628 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
629 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
639 push @actions, ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () );
640 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do');
642 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
644 $self->_dbh_rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
646 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
652 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
656 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
658 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
662 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
663 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
667 # Storage subclasses should override this
668 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
669 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
678 =item Arguments: none
680 =item Return Value: 1|0
684 Verifies that the the current database handle is active and ready to execute
685 an SQL statement (i.e. the connection did not get stale, server is still
686 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
693 if(my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
694 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
701 return 0 if !$self->_dbh;
703 return ($dbh->FETCH('Active') && $self->_ping);
712 my $dbh = $self->_dbh or return 0;
717 # handle pid changes correctly
718 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
722 return if defined $self->_conn_pid && $self->_conn_pid == $$;
724 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
731 sub ensure_connected {
734 unless ($self->connected) {
735 $self->_populate_dbh;
741 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
742 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
743 necessary performing a reconnection before returning.
750 if (not $self->_dbh) {
751 $self->_populate_dbh;
753 $self->ensure_connected;
760 This returns the B<last> available C<$dbh> if any, or attempts to
761 connect and returns the resulting handle. This method differs from
762 L</dbh> by not validating if a preexisting handle is still healthy
763 via L</connected>. Make sure you take appropriate precautions
764 when using this method, as the C<$dbh> may be useless at this point.
770 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
774 sub _sql_maker_args {
779 array_datatypes => 1,
780 limit_dialect => $self->last_dbh,
781 %{$self->_sql_maker_opts}
787 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
788 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
789 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($sql_maker_class);
790 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
792 return $self->_sql_maker;
800 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
801 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
803 $self->_conn_pid($$);
804 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
806 $self->_determine_driver;
808 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
809 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
810 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
812 $self->_run_connection_actions unless $self->{_in_determine_driver};
815 sub _run_connection_actions {
819 push @actions, ( $self->on_connect_call || () );
820 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do');
822 $self->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
825 sub _determine_driver {
828 if (not $self->_driver_determined) {
829 my $started_unconnected = 0;
830 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1;
832 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
834 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
835 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
837 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
838 # force a connection in _rebless to determine version
839 ($driver) = $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] =~ /dbi:([^:]+):/i;
840 $started_unconnected = 1;
843 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
844 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
845 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3');
846 bless $self, $storage_class;
851 $self->_driver_determined(1);
853 $self->_run_connection_actions
854 if $started_unconnected && defined $self->_dbh;
858 sub _do_connection_actions {
860 my $method_prefix = shift;
863 if (not ref($call)) {
864 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
866 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
868 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
869 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
870 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
872 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
875 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
881 sub connect_call_do_sql {
883 $self->_do_query(@_);
886 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
888 $self->_do_query(@_);
891 # override in db-specific backend when necessary
892 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
895 my ($self, $action) = @_;
897 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
898 $action = $action->($self);
899 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
902 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
903 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
904 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
905 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
906 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
907 my $sql = shift @do_args;
908 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
909 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
911 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
912 $self->_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
913 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
920 my ($self, @info) = @_;
922 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
925 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
927 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
928 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
929 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
933 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
937 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
940 if($dbh && !$self->unsafe) {
941 my $weak_self = $self;
942 Scalar::Util::weaken($weak_self);
943 $dbh->{HandleError} = sub {
945 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
948 croak ("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
951 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
952 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
953 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
957 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
959 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
962 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
968 my ($self, $name) = @_;
970 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
971 unless defined $name;
973 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
974 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
976 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
977 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
979 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
981 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
983 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
987 my ($self, $name) = @_;
989 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
990 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
992 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
993 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
996 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
997 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
999 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1000 # the stack up to date.
1003 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
1005 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1008 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
1010 return $self->_svp_release($name);
1014 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1016 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1017 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1019 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1020 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
1022 if (defined $name) {
1023 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
1024 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1025 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
1028 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1029 # the stack up to date.
1030 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1031 last if($s eq $name);
1033 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
1034 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
1035 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
1037 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
1038 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
1041 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
1043 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
1046 sub _svp_generate_name {
1049 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
1054 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
1055 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
1057 $self->_dbh_begin_work;
1059 elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1062 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1065 sub _dbh_begin_work {
1067 # being here implies we have AutoCommit => 1
1068 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for
1069 # him, otherwise we need to ensure that the
1070 # $dbh is healthy on BEGIN
1071 my $dbh_method = $self->{_in_dbh_do} ? '_dbh' : 'dbh';
1072 $self->$dbh_method->begin_work;
1077 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1078 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1079 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1082 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1083 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1085 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1086 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1088 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1094 $self->_dbh->commit;
1099 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1101 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1102 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1104 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1105 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1106 $self->_dbh_rollback;
1108 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1109 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1110 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1111 $self->svp_rollback;
1116 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1121 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1122 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
1123 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1124 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1125 $self->throw_exception($error);
1131 $self->_dbh->rollback;
1134 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1135 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1136 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1137 sub _prep_for_execute {
1138 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1140 if( Scalar::Util::blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1141 $ident = $ident->from();
1144 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1147 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1149 return ($sql, \@bind);
1153 sub _fix_bind_params {
1154 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1156 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1157 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1159 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1162 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1163 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1170 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1172 if ( $self->debug ) {
1173 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1175 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1180 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1182 if ( $self->debug ) {
1183 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1184 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1189 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1191 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1193 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1195 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1197 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1199 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1200 my $attributes = {};
1201 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1203 if ($bind_attributes) {
1204 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1205 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1208 foreach my $data (@data) {
1209 my $ref = ref $data;
1210 $data = $ref && $ref ne 'ARRAY' ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args (except arrayrefs)
1212 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
1213 $placeholder_index++;
1217 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1218 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1219 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1221 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1223 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1228 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_)
1232 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1234 # redispatch to insert method of storage we reblessed into, if necessary
1235 if (not $self->_driver_determined) {
1236 $self->_determine_driver;
1237 goto $self->can('insert');
1240 my $ident = $source->from;
1241 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1243 my $updated_cols = {};
1245 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1246 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1247 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1249 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1250 $updated_cols->{$col} = $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1252 $col_info->{sequence} ||
1253 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->last_dbh, $source)
1259 $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert);
1261 return $updated_cols;
1264 ## Still not quite perfect, and EXPERIMENTAL
1265 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1266 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1267 ## only prepped once.
1269 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1271 my $table = $source->from;
1272 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1273 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->insert($table, \%colvalues);
1275 $self->_determine_driver;
1277 $self->_query_start( $sql, @bind );
1278 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1280 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1282 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1283 my $tuple_status = [];
1285 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1286 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1288 ## Bind the values and execute
1289 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1291 foreach my $bound (@bind) {
1293 my $attributes = {};
1294 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1296 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1297 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1298 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1301 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1303 $sth->bind_param_array( $placeholder_index, [@data], $attributes );
1304 $placeholder_index++;
1306 my $rv = eval { $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status}) };
1309 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
1311 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr || "Unexpected populate error: $err")
1312 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
1314 require Data::Dumper;
1315 local $Data::Dumper::Terse = 1;
1316 local $Data::Dumper::Indent = 1;
1317 local $Data::Dumper::Useqq = 1;
1318 local $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys = 0;
1320 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for populate slice:\n%s",
1321 $tuple_status->[$i][1],
1322 Data::Dumper::Dumper(
1323 { map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols) }
1327 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1329 $self->_query_end( $sql, @bind );
1330 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1334 my $self = shift @_;
1335 my $source = shift @_;
1336 $self->_determine_driver;
1337 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1339 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, @_);
1344 my $self = shift @_;
1345 my $source = shift @_;
1346 $self->_determine_driver;
1347 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1349 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @_);
1352 # We were sent here because the $rs contains a complex search
1353 # which will require a subquery to select the correct rows
1354 # (i.e. joined or limited resultsets)
1356 # Genarating a single PK column subquery is trivial and supported
1357 # by all RDBMS. However if we have a multicolumn PK, things get ugly.
1358 # Look at _multipk_update_delete()
1359 sub _subq_update_delete {
1361 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1363 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1365 # we already check this, but double check naively just in case. Should be removed soon
1366 my $sel = $rs->_resolved_attrs->{select};
1367 $sel = [ $sel ] unless ref $sel eq 'ARRAY';
1368 my @pcols = $rsrc->primary_columns;
1369 if (@$sel != @pcols) {
1370 $self->throw_exception (
1371 'Subquery update/delete can not be called on resultsets selecting a'
1372 .' number of columns different than the number of primary keys'
1379 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1380 { $pcols[0] => { -in => $rs->as_query } },
1385 return $self->_multipk_update_delete (@_);
1389 # ANSI SQL does not provide a reliable way to perform a multicol-PK
1390 # resultset update/delete involving subqueries. So by default resort
1391 # to simple (and inefficient) delete_all style per-row opearations,
1392 # while allowing specific storages to override this with a faster
1395 sub _multipk_update_delete {
1396 return shift->_per_row_update_delete (@_);
1399 # This is the default loop used to delete/update rows for multi PK
1400 # resultsets, and used by mysql exclusively (because it can't do anything
1403 # We do not use $row->$op style queries, because resultset update/delete
1404 # is not expected to cascade (this is what delete_all/update_all is for).
1406 # There should be no race conditions as the entire operation is rolled
1409 sub _per_row_update_delete {
1411 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1413 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1414 my @pcols = $rsrc->primary_columns;
1416 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1418 # emulate the return value of $sth->execute for non-selects
1419 my $row_cnt = '0E0';
1421 my $subrs_cur = $rs->cursor;
1422 while (my @pks = $subrs_cur->next) {
1425 for my $i (0.. $#pcols) {
1426 $cond->{$pcols[$i]} = $pks[$i];
1431 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1446 # localization is neccessary as
1447 # 1) there is no infrastructure to pass this around before SQLA2
1448 # 2) _select_args sets it and _prep_for_execute consumes it
1449 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1450 local $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs};
1452 return $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
1455 sub _select_args_to_query {
1458 # localization is neccessary as
1459 # 1) there is no infrastructure to pass this around before SQLA2
1460 # 2) _select_args sets it and _prep_for_execute consumes it
1461 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1462 local $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs};
1464 # my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $cond, $order, $rows, $offset)
1465 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
1466 my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, @args) =
1467 $self->_select_args(@_);
1469 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $order, $rows, $offset ]);
1470 my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, \@args);
1471 $prepared_bind ||= [];
1474 ? ($sql, $prepared_bind, $bind_attrs)
1475 : \[ "($sql)", @$prepared_bind ]
1480 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $attrs) = @_;
1482 my ($alias2source, $rs_alias) = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
1484 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1485 $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs} = {
1491 ? ( _source_handle => $alias2source->{$rs_alias}->handle )
1496 # calculate bind_attrs before possible $ident mangling
1497 my $bind_attrs = {};
1498 for my $alias (keys %$alias2source) {
1499 my $bindtypes = $self->source_bind_attributes ($alias2source->{$alias}) || {};
1500 for my $col (keys %$bindtypes) {
1502 my $fqcn = join ('.', $alias, $col);
1503 $bind_attrs->{$fqcn} = $bindtypes->{$col} if $bindtypes->{$col};
1505 # Unqialified column names are nice, but at the same time can be
1506 # rather ambiguous. What we do here is basically go along with
1507 # the loop, adding an unqualified column slot to $bind_attrs,
1508 # alongside the fully qualified name. As soon as we encounter
1509 # another column by that name (which would imply another table)
1510 # we unset the unqualified slot and never add any info to it
1511 # to avoid erroneous type binding. If this happens the users
1512 # only choice will be to fully qualify his column name
1514 if (exists $bind_attrs->{$col}) {
1515 $bind_attrs->{$col} = {};
1518 $bind_attrs->{$col} = $bind_attrs->{$fqcn};
1525 $attrs->{software_limit}
1527 $sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ"
1529 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1532 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1533 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1535 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
1536 $attrs->{rows} = 2**48 if not defined $attrs->{rows} and defined $attrs->{offset};
1541 # see if we need to tear the prefetch apart (either limited has_many or grouped prefetch)
1542 # otherwise delegate the limiting to the storage, unless software limit was requested
1544 ( $attrs->{rows} && keys %{$attrs->{collapse}} )
1546 ( $attrs->{group_by} && @{$attrs->{group_by}} &&
1547 $attrs->{_prefetch_select} && @{$attrs->{_prefetch_select}} )
1549 ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs)
1550 = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
1552 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
1553 push @limit, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1557 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $where
1558 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
1559 # expect a row object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
1560 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
1562 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
1563 # invoked, and that's just bad...
1567 { $attrs->{$_} ? ( $_ => $attrs->{$_} ) : () }
1568 (qw/order_by group_by having/ )
1571 return ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $where, $order, @limit);
1575 # This is the code producing joined subqueries like:
1576 # SELECT me.*, other.* FROM ( SELECT me.* FROM ... ) JOIN other ON ...
1578 sub _adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch {
1579 my ($self, $from, $select, $where, $attrs) = @_;
1581 $self->throw_exception ('Complex prefetches are not supported on resultsets with a custom from attribute')
1582 if (ref $from ne 'ARRAY');
1584 # copies for mangling
1586 $select = [ @$select ];
1587 $attrs = { %$attrs };
1589 # separate attributes
1590 my $sub_attrs = { %$attrs };
1591 delete $attrs->{$_} for qw/where bind rows offset group_by having/;
1592 delete $sub_attrs->{$_} for qw/for collapse _prefetch_select _collapse_order_by select as/;
1594 my $select_root_alias = $attrs->{alias};
1595 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1597 # create subquery select list - consider only stuff *not* brought in by the prefetch
1598 my $sub_select = [];
1600 for my $i (0 .. @{$attrs->{select}} - @{$attrs->{_prefetch_select}} - 1) {
1601 my $sel = $attrs->{select}[$i];
1603 # alias any functions to the dbic-side 'as' label
1604 # adjust the outer select accordingly
1605 if (ref $sel eq 'HASH' && !$sel->{-select}) {
1606 $sel = { -select => $sel, -as => $attrs->{as}[$i] };
1607 $select->[$i] = join ('.', $attrs->{alias}, ($attrs->{as}[$i] || "select_$i") );
1610 push @$sub_select, $sel;
1613 # bring over all non-collapse-induced order_by into the inner query (if any)
1614 # the outer one will have to keep them all
1615 delete $sub_attrs->{order_by};
1616 if (my $ord_cnt = @{$attrs->{order_by}} - @{$attrs->{_collapse_order_by}} ) {
1617 $sub_attrs->{order_by} = [
1618 @{$attrs->{order_by}}[ 0 .. $ord_cnt - 1]
1622 # mangle {from}, keep in mind that $from is "headless" from here on
1623 my $join_root = shift @$from;
1626 my %join_info = map { $_->[0]{-alias} => $_->[0] } (@$from);
1628 # in complex search_related chains $select_root_alias may *not* be
1629 # 'me' so always include it in the inner join
1630 $inner_joins{$select_root_alias} = 1 if ($join_root->{-alias} ne $select_root_alias);
1633 # decide which parts of the join will remain on the inside
1635 # this is not a very viable optimisation, but it was written
1636 # before I realised this, so might as well remain. We can throw
1637 # away _any_ branches of the join tree that are:
1638 # 1) not mentioned in the condition/order
1639 # 2) left-join leaves (or left-join leaf chains)
1640 # Most of the join conditions will not satisfy this, but for real
1641 # complex queries some might, and we might make some RDBMS happy.
1644 # since we do not have introspectable SQLA, we fall back to ugly
1645 # scanning of raw SQL for WHERE, and for pieces of ORDER BY
1646 # in order to determine what goes into %inner_joins
1647 # It may not be very efficient, but it's a reasonable stop-gap
1649 # produce stuff unquoted, so it can be scanned
1650 local $sql_maker->{quote_char};
1651 my $sep = $self->_sql_maker_opts->{name_sep} || '.';
1655 { ref $_ ? $_->[0] : $_ }
1656 $sql_maker->_order_by_chunks ($sub_attrs->{order_by})
1659 my $where_sql = $sql_maker->where ($where);
1660 my $select_sql = $sql_maker->_recurse_fields ($sub_select);
1663 for my $alias (keys %join_info) {
1665 # any table alias found on a column name in where or order_by
1666 # gets included in %inner_joins
1667 # Also any parent joins that are needed to reach this particular alias
1668 for my $piece ($select_sql, $where_sql, @order_by ) {
1669 if ($piece =~ /\b $alias $sep/x) {
1670 $inner_joins{$alias} = 1;
1676 # scan for non-leaf/non-left joins and mark as needed
1677 # also mark all ancestor joins that are needed to reach this particular alias
1678 # (e.g. join => { cds => 'tracks' } - tracks will bring cds too )
1680 # traverse by the size of the -join_path i.e. reverse depth first
1681 for my $alias (sort { @{$join_info{$b}{-join_path}} <=> @{$join_info{$a}{-join_path}} } (keys %join_info) ) {
1683 my $j = $join_info{$alias};
1684 $inner_joins{$alias} = 1 if (! $j->{-join_type} || ($j->{-join_type} !~ /^left$/i) );
1686 if ($inner_joins{$alias}) {
1687 $inner_joins{$_} = 1 for (@{$j->{-join_path}});
1691 # construct the inner $from for the subquery
1692 my $inner_from = [ $join_root ];
1693 for my $j (@$from) {
1694 push @$inner_from, $j if $inner_joins{$j->[0]{-alias}};
1697 # if a multi-type join was needed in the subquery ("multi" is indicated by
1698 # presence in {collapse}) - add a group_by to simulate the collapse in the subq
1699 unless ($sub_attrs->{group_by}) {
1700 for my $alias (keys %inner_joins) {
1702 # the dot comes from some weirdness in collapse
1703 # remove after the rewrite
1704 if ($attrs->{collapse}{".$alias"}) {
1705 $sub_attrs->{group_by} ||= $sub_select;
1711 # generate the subquery
1712 my $subq = $self->_select_args_to_query (
1718 my $subq_joinspec = {
1719 -alias => $select_root_alias,
1720 -source_handle => $join_root->{-source_handle},
1721 $select_root_alias => $subq,
1724 # Generate a new from (really just replace the join slot with the subquery)
1725 # Before we would start the outer chain from the subquery itself (i.e.
1726 # SELECT ... FROM (SELECT ... ) alias JOIN ..., but this turned out to be
1727 # a bad idea for search_related, as the root of the chain was effectively
1728 # lost (i.e. $artist_rs->search_related ('cds'... ) would result in alias
1729 # of 'cds', which would prevent from doing things like order_by artist.*)
1730 # See t/prefetch/via_search_related.t for a better idea
1732 if ($join_root->{-alias} eq $select_root_alias) { # just swap the root part and we're done
1738 else { # this is trickier
1739 @outer_from = ($join_root);
1741 for my $j (@$from) {
1742 if ($j->[0]{-alias} eq $select_root_alias) {
1749 push @outer_from, $j;
1754 # This is totally horrific - the $where ends up in both the inner and outer query
1755 # Unfortunately not much can be done until SQLA2 introspection arrives, and even
1756 # then if where conditions apply to the *right* side of the prefetch, you may have
1757 # to both filter the inner select (e.g. to apply a limit) and then have to re-filter
1758 # the outer select to exclude joins you didin't want in the first place
1760 # OTOH it can be seen as a plus: <ash> (notes that this query would make a DBA cry ;)
1761 return (\@outer_from, $select, $where, $attrs);
1764 sub _resolve_ident_sources {
1765 my ($self, $ident) = @_;
1767 my $alias2source = {};
1770 # the reason this is so contrived is that $ident may be a {from}
1771 # structure, specifying multiple tables to join
1772 if ( Scalar::Util::blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1773 # this is compat mode for insert/update/delete which do not deal with aliases
1774 $alias2source->{me} = $ident;
1777 elsif (ref $ident eq 'ARRAY') {
1781 if (ref $_ eq 'HASH') {
1783 $rs_alias = $tabinfo->{-alias};
1785 if (ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' and ref $_->[0] eq 'HASH') {
1789 $alias2source->{$tabinfo->{-alias}} = $tabinfo->{-source_handle}->resolve
1790 if ($tabinfo->{-source_handle});
1794 return ($alias2source, $rs_alias);
1797 # Takes $ident, \@column_names
1799 # returns { $column_name => \%column_info, ... }
1800 # also note: this adds -result_source => $rsrc to the column info
1803 # my $col_sources = $self->_resolve_column_info($ident, @column_names);
1804 sub _resolve_column_info {
1805 my ($self, $ident, $colnames) = @_;
1806 my ($alias2src, $root_alias) = $self->_resolve_ident_sources($ident);
1808 my $sep = $self->_sql_maker_opts->{name_sep} || '.';
1811 my (%return, %seen_cols);
1813 # compile a global list of column names, to be able to properly
1814 # disambiguate unqualified column names (if at all possible)
1815 for my $alias (keys %$alias2src) {
1816 my $rsrc = $alias2src->{$alias};
1817 for my $colname ($rsrc->columns) {
1818 push @{$seen_cols{$colname}}, $alias;
1823 foreach my $col (@$colnames) {
1824 my ($alias, $colname) = $col =~ m/^ (?: ([^$sep]+) $sep)? (.+) $/x;
1827 # see if the column was seen exactly once (so we know which rsrc it came from)
1828 if ($seen_cols{$colname} and @{$seen_cols{$colname}} == 1) {
1829 $alias = $seen_cols{$colname}[0];
1836 my $rsrc = $alias2src->{$alias};
1837 $return{$col} = $rsrc && {
1838 %{$rsrc->column_info($colname)},
1839 -result_source => $rsrc,
1840 -source_alias => $alias,
1847 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
1848 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
1849 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
1850 # sense as a performance optimization
1852 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
1853 return { count => '*' };
1856 # Returns a SELECT which will end up in the subselect
1857 # There may or may not be a group_by, as the subquery
1858 # might have been called to accomodate a limit
1860 # Most databases would be happy with whatever ends up
1861 # here, but some choke in various ways.
1863 sub _subq_count_select {
1864 my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
1865 return $rs_attrs->{group_by} if $rs_attrs->{group_by};
1867 my @pcols = map { join '.', $rs_attrs->{alias}, $_ } ($source->primary_columns);
1868 return @pcols ? \@pcols : [ 1 ];
1872 # Returns an ordered list of column names before they are used
1873 # in a SELECT statement. By default simply returns the list
1876 # This may be overridden in a specific storage when there are
1877 # requirements such as moving BLOB columns to the end of the
1879 sub _order_select_columns {
1880 #my ($self, $source, $columns) = @_;
1887 sub source_bind_attributes {
1888 my ($self, $source) = @_;
1890 my $bind_attributes;
1891 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
1893 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
1894 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
1898 return $bind_attributes;
1905 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
1909 Handle a SQL select statement.
1915 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1916 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
1921 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
1922 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1923 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
1924 if(@row && @nextrow) {
1925 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
1927 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
1936 =item Arguments: $sql
1940 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
1945 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1947 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1948 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1949 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1950 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1952 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1953 # but apparently that's not true :(
1954 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
1960 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
1961 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql);
1964 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
1965 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
1967 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
1970 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
1971 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
1973 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
1975 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
1976 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
1977 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
1978 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
1979 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
1980 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
1982 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
1985 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
1989 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
1991 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
1992 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
1994 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
1995 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
1996 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
1998 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
1999 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
2000 $column_info{size} = $2;
2003 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
2007 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
2008 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
2009 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
2011 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
2012 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
2013 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
2014 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
2021 sub columns_info_for {
2022 my ($self, $table) = @_;
2023 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_columns_info_for', $table);
2026 =head2 last_insert_id
2028 Return the row id of the last insert.
2032 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
2033 # All Storage's need to register their own _dbh_last_insert_id
2034 # the old SQLite-based method was highly inappropriate
2037 my $class = ref $self;
2038 $self->throw_exception (<<EOE);
2040 No _dbh_last_insert_id() method found in $class.
2041 Since the method of obtaining the autoincrement id of the last insert
2042 operation varies greatly between different databases, this method must be
2043 individually implemented for every storage class.
2047 sub last_insert_id {
2049 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_last_insert_id', @_);
2054 Returns the database driver name.
2058 sub sqlt_type { shift->last_dbh->{Driver}->{Name} }
2060 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2062 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2063 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2064 let the database planner just handle it.
2066 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
2070 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2074 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2076 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2077 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2078 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2079 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2080 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2084 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2085 my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2087 return 0 unless $dt;
2089 return $dt =~ /^ (?:
2090 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2095 =head2 create_ddl_dir (EXPERIMENTAL)
2099 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2103 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2104 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2105 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2107 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2108 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2109 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2110 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2112 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2113 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2114 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2115 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2117 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2118 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2119 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2120 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_table_names> and
2121 C<quote_field_names>.
2123 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2127 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2129 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2131 =item directory - './'
2133 =item preversion - <none>
2137 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2139 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2141 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2142 hashref like the following
2144 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2147 Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly
2148 across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships.
2150 WARNING: Please check all SQL files created, before applying them.
2154 sub create_ddl_dir {
2155 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
2157 if(!$dir || !-d $dir) {
2158 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
2161 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
2162 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
2164 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2165 $version ||= $schema_version;
2168 add_drop_table => 1,
2169 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
2170 ignore_index_names => 1,
2174 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't create a ddl file without SQL::Translator 0.09003: '}
2175 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
2176 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
2178 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
2180 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
2181 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
2182 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
2184 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
2186 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
2187 $sqlt->producer($db);
2190 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
2191 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
2192 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
2193 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
2197 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
2199 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
2202 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
2203 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
2206 print $file $output;
2209 next unless ($preversion);
2211 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
2213 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
2214 if(!-e $prefilename) {
2215 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
2219 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
2221 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
2227 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2232 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2234 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
2235 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2237 $source_schema = $t->schema;
2239 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
2240 unless ( $source_schema->name );
2243 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
2244 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
2245 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
2246 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
2248 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
2249 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2254 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2256 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
2257 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2259 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
2261 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
2262 unless $dest_schema->name;
2265 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
2269 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
2270 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
2278 =head2 deployment_statements
2282 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
2286 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
2288 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
2289 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
2291 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
2292 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
2293 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
2295 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
2296 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
2298 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
2302 sub deployment_statements {
2303 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
2304 # Need to be connected to get the correct sqlt_type
2305 $self->last_dbh() unless $type;
2306 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
2307 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2309 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
2313 open($file, "<$filename")
2314 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
2317 return join('', @rows);
2320 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't deploy without SQL::Translator 0.09003: '}
2321 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
2322 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
2324 require SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class;
2325 eval qq{use SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}};
2326 $self->throw_exception($@) if $@;
2328 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
2330 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
2331 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
2333 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(%$sqltargs);
2334 SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class::parse( $tr, $schema );
2335 return "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}"->can('produce')->($tr);
2339 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
2342 return if($line =~ /^--/);
2344 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
2345 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
2346 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
2347 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
2348 $self->_query_start($line);
2350 # a previous error may invalidate $dbh - thus we need to use dbh()
2351 # to guarantee a healthy $dbh (this is temporary until we get
2352 # proper error handling on deploy() )
2353 $self->dbh->do($line);
2356 carp qq{$@ (running "${line}")};
2358 $self->_query_end($line);
2360 my @statements = $self->deployment_statements($schema, $type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
2361 if (@statements > 1) {
2362 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
2363 $deploy->( $statement );
2366 elsif (@statements == 1) {
2367 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
2373 =head2 datetime_parser
2375 Returns the datetime parser class
2379 sub datetime_parser {
2381 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
2383 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
2387 =head2 datetime_parser_type
2389 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
2390 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
2394 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
2396 =head2 build_datetime_parser
2398 See L</datetime_parser>
2402 sub build_datetime_parser {
2404 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
2406 $self->throw_exception("Couldn't load ${type}: $@") if $@;
2411 my $_check_sqlt_version; # private
2412 my $_check_sqlt_message; # private
2413 sub _check_sqlt_version {
2414 return $_check_sqlt_version if defined $_check_sqlt_version;
2415 eval 'use SQL::Translator "0.09003"';
2416 $_check_sqlt_message = $@ || '';
2417 $_check_sqlt_version = !$@;
2420 sub _check_sqlt_message {
2421 _check_sqlt_version if !defined $_check_sqlt_message;
2422 $_check_sqlt_message;
2426 =head2 is_replicating
2428 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
2429 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
2430 returned by databases that don't support replication.
2434 sub is_replicating {
2439 =head2 lag_behind_master
2441 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
2442 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
2443 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
2447 sub lag_behind_master {
2453 return if !$self->_dbh;
2462 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
2464 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
2465 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
2466 (the default) combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
2468 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
2469 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
2470 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
2471 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
2472 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
2473 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
2474 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
2480 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2482 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2486 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.