1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
4 use base 'DBIx::Class::Storage';
8 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
10 use DBIx::Class::SQLAHacks;
11 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
13 use Scalar::Util qw/blessed weaken/;
15 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
16 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts
17 _conn_pid _conn_tid transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit savepoints/
20 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
21 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
22 my @storage_options = qw/
23 on_connect_do on_disconnect_do disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
25 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
28 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
29 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
31 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/sql_maker_class/);
32 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLAHacks');
37 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
41 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
43 $schema->storage->debug(1);
44 $schema->dbh_do("DROP TABLE authors");
46 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
47 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser(DateTime->now)
52 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
53 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
54 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
61 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
63 $new->transaction_depth(0);
64 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
65 $new->{savepoints} = [];
66 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
74 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
75 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
77 The argument list may contain:
83 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
84 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
85 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
86 recognized by DBIx::Class:
88 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
92 A single code reference which returns a connected
93 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
94 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
97 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
101 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
104 $connect_info_args = [{
112 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
113 following config (L<Config::General> style):
118 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
127 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
128 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
129 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
130 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
131 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
132 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
134 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
136 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
137 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
138 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
139 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a seperate hashref
140 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
142 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
143 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
144 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
151 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
152 the database. Its value may contain:
158 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
160 =item an array reference
162 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
163 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
165 =item a code reference
167 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
168 array reference, its return value is ignored.
172 =item on_disconnect_do
174 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
175 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
177 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
180 =item disable_sth_caching
182 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
183 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
187 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
188 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
189 driver alone. See also L<SQL::Abstract::Limit>.
193 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
194 you use this you will want to specify L</name_sep> as well.
196 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
197 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
198 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
200 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
201 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
205 This only needs to be used in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
206 specify the charecter that seperates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
207 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
209 The consequences of not supplying this value is that L<SQL::Abstract>
210 will assume DBIx::Class' uses of aliases to be complete column
211 names. The output will look like I<"me.name"> when it should actually
216 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
217 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
218 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
219 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
221 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
222 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
223 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
224 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
226 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
227 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
228 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
232 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
233 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
234 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
238 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
239 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
243 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
244 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
246 # Simple SQLite connection
247 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
250 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
252 # A bit more complicated
259 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
263 # Equivalent to the previous example
269 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
273 # Same, but with hashref as argument
274 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
277 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
279 password => 'my_pg_password',
286 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
289 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
293 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
294 disable_sth_caching => 1,
304 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
306 return $self->_connect_info if !$info_arg;
308 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
309 $self->_connect_info([@args]); # copy for _connect_info
312 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
315 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
316 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
319 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
320 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
322 for (qw/password user dsn/) {
323 unshift @args, delete $attrs{$_};
326 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
328 % { $args[3] || {} },
329 % { $args[4] || {} },
331 @args = @args[0,1,2];
334 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
335 # the new set of options
336 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
337 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
340 for my $storage_opt (@storage_options, 'cursor_class') { # @storage_options is declared at the top of the module
341 if(my $value = delete $attrs{$storage_opt}) {
342 $self->$storage_opt($value);
345 for my $sql_maker_opt (qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/) {
346 if(my $opt_val = delete $attrs{$sql_maker_opt}) {
347 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $opt_val;
352 %attrs = () if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE'); # _connect() never looks past $args[0] in this case
354 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args, keys %attrs ? \%attrs : ()]);
355 $self->_connect_info;
360 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
365 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
367 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
368 connection management.
370 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
371 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
372 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
374 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
375 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
377 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
378 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
379 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
383 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
385 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
386 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
387 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
398 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
400 return $self->$code($dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
401 || $self->{transaction_depth};
403 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
406 my $want_array = wantarray;
409 $self->_verify_pid if $dbh;
411 $self->_populate_dbh;
416 @result = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
418 elsif(defined $want_array) {
419 $result[0] = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
422 $self->$code($dbh, @_);
427 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
429 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
431 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
432 # exception fall right through this time
433 $self->_populate_dbh;
434 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @_);
437 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
438 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
439 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
444 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
445 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
447 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
449 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
452 my $want_array = wantarray;
457 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
458 $self->_populate_dbh if !$self->_dbh;
462 @result = $coderef->(@_);
464 elsif(defined $want_array) {
465 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
474 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
476 if($tried++ > 0 || $self->connected) {
477 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
478 my $rollback_exception = $@;
479 if($rollback_exception) {
480 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
481 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
482 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
484 $self->throw_exception(
485 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
486 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
489 $self->throw_exception($exception)
492 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
494 $self->_populate_dbh;
500 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
501 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
508 if( $self->connected ) {
509 my $connection_do = $self->on_disconnect_do;
510 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if ref($connection_do);
512 $self->_dbh->rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
513 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
519 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
523 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
525 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
529 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
530 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
534 # Storage subclasses should override this
535 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
536 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
544 if(my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
545 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
552 return 0 if !$self->_dbh;
554 return ($dbh->FETCH('Active') && $dbh->ping);
560 # handle pid changes correctly
561 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
565 return if defined $self->_conn_pid && $self->_conn_pid == $$;
567 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
574 sub ensure_connected {
577 unless ($self->connected) {
578 $self->_populate_dbh;
584 Returns the dbh - a data base handle of class L<DBI>.
591 $self->ensure_connected;
595 sub _sql_maker_args {
598 return ( bindtype=>'columns', array_datatypes => 1, limit_dialect => $self->dbh, %{$self->_sql_maker_opts} );
603 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
604 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
605 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
607 return $self->_sql_maker;
614 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
615 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
617 $self->_determine_driver;
619 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
620 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
621 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
623 $self->_conn_pid($$);
624 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
626 my $connection_do = $self->on_connect_do;
627 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if $connection_do;
630 sub _determine_driver {
633 if (ref $self eq 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI') {
636 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
637 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
639 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
640 # force a connection in _rebless to determine version
641 ($driver) = $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] =~ /dbi:([^:]+):/i;
644 if ($self->load_optional_class("DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}")) {
645 bless $self, "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
651 sub _do_connection_actions {
653 my $connection_do = shift;
655 if (!ref $connection_do) {
656 $self->_do_query($connection_do);
658 elsif (ref $connection_do eq 'ARRAY') {
659 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$connection_do;
661 elsif (ref $connection_do eq 'CODE') {
662 $connection_do->($self);
665 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref $connection_do) );
672 my ($self, $action) = @_;
674 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
675 $action = $action->($self);
676 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
679 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
680 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
681 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
682 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
683 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
684 my $sql = shift @do_args;
685 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
686 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
688 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
689 $self->_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
690 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
697 my ($self, @info) = @_;
699 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
702 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
704 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
705 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
706 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
710 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
714 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
717 if($dbh && !$self->unsafe) {
718 my $weak_self = $self;
720 $dbh->{HandleError} = sub {
722 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
725 croak ("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
728 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
729 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
730 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
734 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
736 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
739 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
745 my ($self, $name) = @_;
747 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
748 unless defined $name;
750 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
751 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
753 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
754 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
756 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
758 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
760 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
764 my ($self, $name) = @_;
766 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
767 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
769 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
770 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
773 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
774 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
776 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
777 # the stack up to date.
780 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
782 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
785 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
787 return $self->_svp_release($name);
791 my ($self, $name) = @_;
793 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
794 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
796 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
797 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
800 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
801 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
802 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
805 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
806 # the stack up to date.
807 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
808 last if($s eq $name);
810 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
811 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
812 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
814 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
815 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
818 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
820 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
823 sub _svp_generate_name {
826 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
831 $self->ensure_connected();
832 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
833 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
835 # this isn't ->_dbh-> because
836 # we should reconnect on begin_work
837 # for AutoCommit users
838 $self->dbh->begin_work;
839 } elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
842 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
847 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
848 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
849 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
852 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
853 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
855 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
856 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
858 if $self->auto_savepoint;
864 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
866 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
867 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
869 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
870 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
873 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
874 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
875 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
881 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
886 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
887 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
888 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
889 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
890 $self->throw_exception($error);
894 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
895 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
896 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
897 sub _prep_for_execute {
898 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
900 if( blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
901 $ident = $ident->from();
904 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
907 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
909 return ($sql, \@bind);
912 sub _fix_bind_params {
913 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
915 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
916 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
918 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
921 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
922 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
929 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
931 if ( $self->debug ) {
932 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
934 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
939 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
941 if ( $self->debug ) {
942 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
943 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
948 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
950 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
952 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
954 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
956 my $placeholder_index = 1;
958 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
960 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
962 if ($bind_attributes) {
963 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
964 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
967 foreach my $data (@data) {
969 $data = $ref && $ref ne 'ARRAY' ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args (except arrayrefs)
971 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
972 $placeholder_index++;
976 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
977 my $rv = $sth->execute();
978 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
980 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
982 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
987 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_)
991 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
993 my $ident = $source->from;
994 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
996 my $updated_cols = {};
998 $self->ensure_connected;
999 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1000 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1001 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1003 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1004 $updated_cols->{$col} = $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch( 'nextval', $col_info->{sequence} || $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->dbh, $source) );
1009 $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert);
1011 return $updated_cols;
1014 ## Still not quite perfect, and EXPERIMENTAL
1015 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1016 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1017 ## only prepped once.
1019 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1021 my $table = $source->from;
1022 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1023 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->insert($table, \%colvalues);
1025 $self->_query_start( $sql, @bind );
1026 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1028 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1030 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1031 my $tuple_status = [];
1033 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1034 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1036 ## Bind the values and execute
1037 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1039 foreach my $bound (@bind) {
1041 my $attributes = {};
1042 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1044 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1045 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1046 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1049 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1051 $sth->bind_param_array( $placeholder_index, [@data], $attributes );
1052 $placeholder_index++;
1054 my $rv = $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1055 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1057 $self->_query_end( $sql, @bind );
1058 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1062 my $self = shift @_;
1063 my $source = shift @_;
1064 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1066 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, @_);
1071 my $self = shift @_;
1072 my $source = shift @_;
1074 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## If ever it's needed...
1076 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @_);
1079 # We were sent here because the $rs contains a complex search
1080 # which will require a subquery to select the correct rows
1081 # (i.e. joined or limited resultsets)
1083 # Genarating a single PK column subquery is trivial and supported
1084 # by all RDBMS. However if we have a multicolumn PK, things get ugly.
1085 # Look at _multipk_update_delete()
1086 sub subq_update_delete {
1088 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1090 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1092 # we already check this, but double check naively just in case. Should be removed soon
1093 my $sel = $rs->_resolved_attrs->{select};
1094 $sel = [ $sel ] unless ref $sel eq 'ARRAY';
1095 my @pcols = $rsrc->primary_columns;
1096 if (@$sel != @pcols) {
1097 $self->throw_exception (
1098 'Subquery update/delete can not be called on resultsets selecting a'
1099 .' number of columns different than the number of primary keys'
1106 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1107 { $pcols[0] => { -in => $rs->as_query } },
1112 return $self->_multipk_update_delete (@_);
1116 # ANSI SQL does not provide a reliable way to perform a multicol-PK
1117 # resultset update/delete involving subqueries. So by default resort
1118 # to simple (and inefficient) delete_all style per-row opearations,
1119 # while allowing specific storages to override this with a faster
1122 sub _multipk_update_delete {
1123 return shift->_per_row_update_delete (@_);
1126 # This is the default loop used to delete/update rows for multi PK
1127 # resultsets, and used by mysql exclusively (because it can't do anything
1130 # We do not use $row->$op style queries, because resultset update/delete
1131 # is not expected to cascade (this is what delete_all/update_all is for).
1133 # There should be no race conditions as the entire operation is rolled
1136 sub _per_row_update_delete {
1138 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1140 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1141 my @pcols = $rsrc->primary_columns;
1143 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1145 my $subrs_cur = $rs->cursor;
1146 while (my @pks = $subrs_cur->next) {
1149 for my $i (0.. $#pcols) {
1150 $cond->{$pcols[$i]} = $pks[$i];
1155 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1167 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1168 local $sql_maker->{for};
1169 return $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
1173 my ($self, $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1174 my $order = $attrs->{order_by};
1176 my $for = delete $attrs->{for};
1177 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1178 $sql_maker->{for} = $for;
1180 if (exists $attrs->{group_by} || $attrs->{having}) {
1182 group_by => $attrs->{group_by},
1183 having => $attrs->{having},
1184 ($order ? (order_by => $order) : ())
1187 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## Future support
1188 my @args = ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $condition, $order);
1189 if ($attrs->{software_limit} ||
1190 $self->sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ") {
1191 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1193 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1194 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1196 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
1197 $attrs->{rows} = 2**48 if not defined $attrs->{rows} and defined $attrs->{offset};
1198 push @args, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1203 sub source_bind_attributes {
1204 my ($self, $source) = @_;
1206 my $bind_attributes;
1207 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
1209 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
1210 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
1214 return $bind_attributes;
1221 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
1225 Handle a SQL select statement.
1231 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1232 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
1237 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
1238 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1239 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
1240 if(@row && @nextrow) {
1241 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
1243 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
1252 =item Arguments: $sql
1256 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
1261 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1263 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1264 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1265 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1266 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1268 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1269 # but apparently that's not true :(
1270 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
1276 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
1277 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql);
1280 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
1281 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
1283 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
1286 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
1287 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
1289 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
1291 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
1292 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
1293 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
1294 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
1295 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
1296 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
1298 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
1301 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
1305 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
1307 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
1308 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
1310 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
1311 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
1312 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
1314 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
1315 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
1316 $column_info{size} = $2;
1319 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
1323 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
1324 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
1325 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
1327 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
1328 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
1329 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
1330 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
1337 sub columns_info_for {
1338 my ($self, $table) = @_;
1339 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_columns_info_for', $table);
1342 =head2 last_insert_id
1344 Return the row id of the last insert.
1348 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
1349 # All Storage's need to register their own _dbh_last_insert_id
1350 # the old SQLite-based method was highly inappropriate
1353 my $class = ref $self;
1354 $self->throw_exception (<<EOE);
1356 No _dbh_last_insert_id() method found in $class.
1357 Since the method of obtaining the autoincrement id of the last insert
1358 operation varies greatly between different databases, this method must be
1359 individually implemented for every storage class.
1363 sub last_insert_id {
1365 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_last_insert_id', @_);
1370 Returns the database driver name.
1374 sub sqlt_type { shift->dbh->{Driver}->{Name} }
1376 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
1378 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
1379 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
1380 let the database planner just handle it.
1382 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
1386 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
1390 =head2 create_ddl_dir
1394 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
1398 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
1399 database types, in the given directory.
1401 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
1403 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
1405 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
1406 hashref like the following
1408 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
1412 sub create_ddl_dir {
1413 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
1415 if(!$dir || !-d $dir) {
1416 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
1419 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
1420 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
1422 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
1423 $version ||= $schema_version;
1426 add_drop_table => 1,
1427 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
1428 ignore_index_names => 1,
1432 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't create a ddl file without SQL::Translator 0.09003: '}
1433 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1434 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1436 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
1438 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
1439 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
1440 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
1442 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
1444 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
1445 $sqlt->producer($db);
1448 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
1449 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
1450 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
1451 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
1455 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
1457 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
1460 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
1461 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
1464 print $file $output;
1467 next unless ($preversion);
1469 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
1471 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
1472 if(!-e $prefilename) {
1473 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
1477 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
1479 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
1485 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1490 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
1492 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
1493 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
1495 $source_schema = $t->schema;
1497 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
1498 unless ( $source_schema->name );
1501 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
1502 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
1503 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
1504 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
1506 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
1507 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1512 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
1514 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
1515 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
1517 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
1519 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
1520 unless $dest_schema->name;
1523 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
1527 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
1528 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
1536 =head2 deployment_statements
1540 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
1544 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
1545 The database driver name is given by C<$type>, though the value from
1546 L</sqlt_type> is used if it is not specified.
1548 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
1549 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
1550 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
1552 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
1553 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
1555 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
1559 sub deployment_statements {
1560 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
1561 # Need to be connected to get the correct sqlt_type
1562 $self->ensure_connected() unless $type;
1563 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
1564 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
1566 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
1570 open($file, "<$filename")
1571 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
1574 return join('', @rows);
1577 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't deploy without SQL::Translator 0.09003: '}
1578 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1579 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1581 require SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class;
1582 eval qq{use SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}};
1583 $self->throw_exception($@) if $@;
1585 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
1587 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
1588 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
1590 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(%$sqltargs);
1591 SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class::parse( $tr, $schema );
1592 return "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}"->can('produce')->($tr);
1596 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
1599 return if($line =~ /^--/);
1601 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
1602 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
1603 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
1604 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
1605 $self->_query_start($line);
1607 $self->dbh->do($line); # shouldn't be using ->dbh ?
1610 carp qq{$@ (running "${line}")};
1612 $self->_query_end($line);
1614 my @statements = $self->deployment_statements($schema, $type, undef, $dir, { no_comments => 1, %{ $sqltargs || {} } } );
1615 if (@statements > 1) {
1616 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
1617 $deploy->( $statement );
1620 elsif (@statements == 1) {
1621 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
1627 =head2 datetime_parser
1629 Returns the datetime parser class
1633 sub datetime_parser {
1635 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
1636 $self->ensure_connected;
1637 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
1641 =head2 datetime_parser_type
1643 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
1644 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
1648 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
1650 =head2 build_datetime_parser
1652 See L</datetime_parser>
1656 sub build_datetime_parser {
1658 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
1660 $self->throw_exception("Couldn't load ${type}: $@") if $@;
1665 my $_check_sqlt_version; # private
1666 my $_check_sqlt_message; # private
1667 sub _check_sqlt_version {
1668 return $_check_sqlt_version if defined $_check_sqlt_version;
1669 eval 'use SQL::Translator "0.09003"';
1670 $_check_sqlt_message = $@ || '';
1671 $_check_sqlt_version = !$@;
1674 sub _check_sqlt_message {
1675 _check_sqlt_version if !defined $_check_sqlt_message;
1676 $_check_sqlt_message;
1680 =head2 is_replicating
1682 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
1683 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
1684 returned by databases that don't support replication.
1688 sub is_replicating {
1693 =head2 lag_behind_master
1695 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
1696 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
1697 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
1701 sub lag_behind_master {
1707 return if !$self->_dbh;
1716 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
1718 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
1719 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
1720 combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
1722 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
1723 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
1724 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
1725 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
1726 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
1727 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
1728 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
1735 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
1737 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
1741 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.