1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
4 use base 'DBIx::Class::Storage';
8 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
10 use SQL::Abstract::Limit;
11 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
13 use Scalar::Util qw/blessed weaken/;
15 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
16 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts
17 _conn_pid _conn_tid transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit savepoints/
20 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
21 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
22 my @storage_options = qw/
23 on_connect_do on_disconnect_do disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
25 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
28 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
29 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
31 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/sql_maker_class/);
32 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIC::SQL::Abstract');
36 package # Hide from PAUSE
37 DBIC::SQL::Abstract; # Would merge upstream, but nate doesn't reply :(
39 use base qw/SQL::Abstract::Limit/;
41 # This prevents the caching of $dbh in S::A::L, I believe
43 my $self = shift->SUPER::new(@_);
45 # If limit_dialect is a ref (like a $dbh), go ahead and replace
46 # it with what it resolves to:
47 $self->{limit_dialect} = $self->_find_syntax($self->{limit_dialect})
48 if ref $self->{limit_dialect};
53 # DB2 is the only remaining DB using this. Even though we are not sure if
54 # RowNumberOver is still needed here (should be part of SQLA) leave the
57 my ($self, $sql, $order, $rows, $offset ) = @_;
60 my $last = $rows + $offset;
61 my ( $order_by ) = $self->_order_by( $order );
66 SELECT Q1.*, ROW_NUMBER() OVER( ) AS ROW_NUM FROM (
71 WHERE ROW_NUM BETWEEN $offset AND $last
79 # While we're at it, this should make LIMIT queries more efficient,
80 # without digging into things too deeply
81 use Scalar::Util 'blessed';
83 my ($self, $syntax) = @_;
85 # DB2 is the only remaining DB using this. Even though we are not sure if
86 # RowNumberOver is still needed here (should be part of SQLA) leave the
88 my $dbhname = blessed($syntax) ? $syntax->{Driver}{Name} : $syntax;
89 if(ref($self) && $dbhname && $dbhname eq 'DB2') {
90 return 'RowNumberOver';
93 $self->{_cached_syntax} ||= $self->SUPER::_find_syntax($syntax);
97 my ($self, $table, $fields, $where, $order, @rest) = @_;
98 if (ref $table eq 'SCALAR') {
101 elsif (not ref $table) {
102 $table = $self->_quote($table);
104 local $self->{rownum_hack_count} = 1
105 if (defined $rest[0] && $self->{limit_dialect} eq 'RowNum');
106 @rest = (-1) unless defined $rest[0];
107 die "LIMIT 0 Does Not Compute" if $rest[0] == 0;
108 # and anyway, SQL::Abstract::Limit will cause a barf if we don't first
109 local $self->{having_bind} = [];
110 my ($sql, @ret) = $self->SUPER::select(
111 $table, $self->_recurse_fields($fields), $where, $order, @rest
116 $self->{for} eq 'update' ? ' FOR UPDATE' :
117 $self->{for} eq 'shared' ? ' FOR SHARE' :
122 return wantarray ? ($sql, @ret, @{$self->{having_bind}}) : $sql;
128 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
129 $self->SUPER::insert($table, @_);
135 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
136 $self->SUPER::update($table, @_);
142 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
143 $self->SUPER::delete($table, @_);
149 return $_[1].$self->_order_by($_[2]);
151 return $self->SUPER::_emulate_limit(@_);
155 sub _recurse_fields {
156 my ($self, $fields, $params) = @_;
157 my $ref = ref $fields;
158 return $self->_quote($fields) unless $ref;
159 return $$fields if $ref eq 'SCALAR';
161 if ($ref eq 'ARRAY') {
162 return join(', ', map {
163 $self->_recurse_fields($_)
164 .(exists $self->{rownum_hack_count} && !($params && $params->{no_rownum_hack})
165 ? ' AS col'.$self->{rownum_hack_count}++
168 } elsif ($ref eq 'HASH') {
169 foreach my $func (keys %$fields) {
170 return $self->_sqlcase($func)
171 .'( '.$self->_recurse_fields($fields->{$func}).' )';
180 if (ref $_[0] eq 'HASH') {
181 if (defined $_[0]->{group_by}) {
182 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' group by ')
183 .$self->_recurse_fields($_[0]->{group_by}, { no_rownum_hack => 1 });
185 if (defined $_[0]->{having}) {
187 ($frag, @extra) = $self->_recurse_where($_[0]->{having});
188 push(@{$self->{having_bind}}, @extra);
189 $ret .= $self->_sqlcase(' having ').$frag;
191 if (defined $_[0]->{order_by}) {
192 $ret .= $self->_order_by($_[0]->{order_by});
194 if (grep { $_ =~ /^-(desc|asc)/i } keys %{$_[0]}) {
195 return $self->SUPER::_order_by($_[0]);
197 } elsif (ref $_[0] eq 'SCALAR') {
198 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ').${ $_[0] };
199 } elsif (ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' && @{$_[0]}) {
200 my @order = @{+shift};
201 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ')
203 my $r = $self->_order_by($_, @_);
204 $r =~ s/^ ?ORDER BY //i;
208 $ret = $self->SUPER::_order_by(@_);
213 sub _order_directions {
214 my ($self, $order) = @_;
215 $order = $order->{order_by} if ref $order eq 'HASH';
216 return $self->SUPER::_order_directions($order);
220 my ($self, $from) = @_;
221 if (ref $from eq 'ARRAY') {
222 return $self->_recurse_from(@$from);
223 } elsif (ref $from eq 'HASH') {
224 return $self->_make_as($from);
226 return $from; # would love to quote here but _table ends up getting called
227 # twice during an ->select without a limit clause due to
228 # the way S::A::Limit->select works. should maybe consider
229 # bypassing this and doing S::A::select($self, ...) in
230 # our select method above. meantime, quoting shims have
231 # been added to select/insert/update/delete here
236 my ($self, $from, @join) = @_;
238 push(@sqlf, $self->_make_as($from));
239 foreach my $j (@join) {
242 # check whether a join type exists
243 my $join_clause = '';
244 my $to_jt = ref($to) eq 'ARRAY' ? $to->[0] : $to;
245 if (ref($to_jt) eq 'HASH' and exists($to_jt->{-join_type})) {
246 $join_clause = ' '.uc($to_jt->{-join_type}).' JOIN ';
248 $join_clause = ' JOIN ';
250 push(@sqlf, $join_clause);
252 if (ref $to eq 'ARRAY') {
253 push(@sqlf, '(', $self->_recurse_from(@$to), ')');
255 push(@sqlf, $self->_make_as($to));
257 push(@sqlf, ' ON ', $self->_join_condition($on));
259 return join('', @sqlf);
265 my $sql = shift @$$arr;
266 $sql =~ s/\?/$self->_quote((shift @$$arr)->[1])/eg;
271 my ($self, $from) = @_;
272 return join(' ', map { (ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' ? $$_
273 : ref $_ eq 'REF' ? $self->_bind_to_sql($_)
275 } reverse each %{$self->_skip_options($from)});
279 my ($self, $hash) = @_;
281 $clean_hash->{$_} = $hash->{$_}
282 for grep {!/^-/} keys %$hash;
286 sub _join_condition {
287 my ($self, $cond) = @_;
288 if (ref $cond eq 'HASH') {
293 # XXX no throw_exception() in this package and croak() fails with strange results
294 Carp::croak(ref($v) . qq{ reference arguments are not supported in JOINS - try using \"..." instead'})
295 if ref($v) ne 'SCALAR';
299 my $x = '= '.$self->_quote($v); $j{$_} = \$x;
302 return scalar($self->_recurse_where(\%j));
303 } elsif (ref $cond eq 'ARRAY') {
304 return join(' OR ', map { $self->_join_condition($_) } @$cond);
306 die "Can't handle this yet!";
311 my ($self, $label) = @_;
312 return '' unless defined $label;
313 return "*" if $label eq '*';
314 return $label unless $self->{quote_char};
315 if(ref $self->{quote_char} eq "ARRAY"){
316 return $self->{quote_char}->[0] . $label . $self->{quote_char}->[1]
317 if !defined $self->{name_sep};
318 my $sep = $self->{name_sep};
319 return join($self->{name_sep},
320 map { $self->{quote_char}->[0] . $_ . $self->{quote_char}->[1] }
321 split(/\Q$sep\E/,$label));
323 return $self->SUPER::_quote($label);
328 $self->{limit_dialect} = shift if @_;
329 return $self->{limit_dialect};
334 $self->{quote_char} = shift if @_;
335 return $self->{quote_char};
340 $self->{name_sep} = shift if @_;
341 return $self->{name_sep};
344 } # End of BEGIN block
348 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
352 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
354 $schema->storage->debug(1);
355 $schema->dbh_do("DROP TABLE authors");
357 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
358 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser(DateTime->now)
363 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
364 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
365 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
372 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
374 $new->transaction_depth(0);
375 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
376 $new->{savepoints} = [];
377 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
378 $new->{_dbh_gen} = 0;
385 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
386 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
388 The argument list may contain:
394 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
395 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
396 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
397 recognized by DBIx::Class:
399 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
403 A single code reference which returns a connected
404 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
405 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
408 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
412 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
415 $connect_info_args = [{
423 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
424 following config (L<Config::General> style):
429 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
438 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
439 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
440 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
441 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
442 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
443 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
445 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
447 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
448 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
449 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
450 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a seperate hashref
451 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
453 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
454 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
455 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
462 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
463 the database. Its value may contain:
467 =item an array reference
469 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
470 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
472 =item a code reference
474 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
475 array reference, its return value is ignored.
479 =item on_disconnect_do
481 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
482 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
484 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
487 =item disable_sth_caching
489 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
490 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
494 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
495 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
496 driver alone. See also L<SQL::Abstract::Limit>.
500 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
501 you use this you will want to specify L</name_sep> as well.
503 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
504 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
505 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
507 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
508 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
512 This only needs to be used in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
513 specify the charecter that seperates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
514 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
516 The consequences of not supplying this value is that L<SQL::Abstract>
517 will assume DBIx::Class' uses of aliases to be complete column
518 names. The output will look like I<"me.name"> when it should actually
523 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
524 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
525 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
526 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
528 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
529 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
530 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
531 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
533 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
534 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
535 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
539 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
540 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
541 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
545 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
546 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
550 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
551 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
553 # Simple SQLite connection
554 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
557 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
559 # A bit more complicated
566 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
570 # Equivalent to the previous example
576 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
580 # Same, but with hashref as argument
581 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
584 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
586 password => 'my_pg_password',
593 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
596 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
600 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
601 disable_sth_caching => 1,
611 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
613 return $self->_connect_info if !$info_arg;
615 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
616 $self->_connect_info([@args]); # copy for _connect_info
619 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
622 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
623 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
626 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
627 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
629 for (qw/password user dsn/) {
630 unshift @args, delete $attrs{$_};
633 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
635 % { $args[3] || {} },
636 % { $args[4] || {} },
638 @args = @args[0,1,2];
641 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
642 # the new set of options
643 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
644 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
647 for my $storage_opt (@storage_options, 'cursor_class') { # @storage_options is declared at the top of the module
648 if(my $value = delete $attrs{$storage_opt}) {
649 $self->$storage_opt($value);
652 for my $sql_maker_opt (qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/) {
653 if(my $opt_val = delete $attrs{$sql_maker_opt}) {
654 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $opt_val;
659 %attrs = () if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE'); # _connect() never looks past $args[0] in this case
661 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args, keys %attrs ? \%attrs : ()]);
662 $self->_connect_info;
667 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
672 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
674 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
675 connection management.
677 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
678 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
679 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
681 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
682 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
684 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
685 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
686 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
690 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
692 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
693 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
694 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
705 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
707 return $self->$code($dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
708 || $self->{transaction_depth};
710 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
713 my $want_array = wantarray;
716 $self->_verify_pid if $dbh;
718 $self->_populate_dbh;
723 @result = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
725 elsif(defined $want_array) {
726 $result[0] = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
729 $self->$code($dbh, @_);
734 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
736 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
738 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
739 # exception fall right through this time
740 $self->_populate_dbh;
741 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @_);
744 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
745 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
746 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
751 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
752 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
754 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
756 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
759 my $want_array = wantarray;
764 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
765 $self->_populate_dbh if !$self->_dbh;
769 @result = $coderef->(@_);
771 elsif(defined $want_array) {
772 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
781 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
783 if($tried++ > 0 || $self->connected) {
784 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
785 my $rollback_exception = $@;
786 if($rollback_exception) {
787 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
788 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
789 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
791 $self->throw_exception(
792 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
793 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
796 $self->throw_exception($exception)
799 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
801 $self->_populate_dbh;
807 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
808 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
815 if( $self->connected ) {
816 my $connection_do = $self->on_disconnect_do;
817 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if ref($connection_do);
819 $self->_dbh->rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
820 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
826 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
830 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
832 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
836 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
837 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
841 # Storage subclasses should override this
842 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
843 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
851 if(my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
852 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
859 return 0 if !$self->_dbh;
861 return ($dbh->FETCH('Active') && $dbh->ping);
867 # handle pid changes correctly
868 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
872 return if defined $self->_conn_pid && $self->_conn_pid == $$;
874 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
881 sub ensure_connected {
884 unless ($self->connected) {
885 $self->_populate_dbh;
891 Returns the dbh - a data base handle of class L<DBI>.
898 $self->ensure_connected;
902 sub _sql_maker_args {
905 return ( bindtype=>'columns', array_datatypes => 1, limit_dialect => $self->dbh, %{$self->_sql_maker_opts} );
910 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
911 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
912 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
914 return $self->_sql_maker;
921 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
922 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
924 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
925 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
926 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
928 if(ref $self eq 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI') {
929 my $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
930 if ($self->load_optional_class("DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}")) {
931 bless $self, "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
936 $self->_conn_pid($$);
937 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
939 my $connection_do = $self->on_connect_do;
940 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if ref($connection_do);
943 sub _do_connection_actions {
945 my $connection_do = shift;
947 if (ref $connection_do eq 'ARRAY') {
948 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$connection_do;
950 elsif (ref $connection_do eq 'CODE') {
951 $connection_do->($self);
958 my ($self, $action) = @_;
960 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
961 $action = $action->($self);
962 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
965 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
966 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
967 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
968 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
969 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
970 my $sql = shift @do_args;
971 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
972 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
974 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
975 $self->_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
976 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
983 my ($self, @info) = @_;
985 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
988 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
990 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
991 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
992 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
996 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
1000 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
1003 if($dbh && !$self->unsafe) {
1004 my $weak_self = $self;
1006 $dbh->{HandleError} = sub {
1008 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1011 croak ("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1014 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
1015 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1016 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1020 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
1022 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
1025 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1031 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1033 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
1034 unless defined $name;
1036 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1037 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1039 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1040 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
1042 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
1044 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
1046 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
1050 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1052 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1053 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1055 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1056 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
1058 if (defined $name) {
1059 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
1060 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1062 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1063 # the stack up to date.
1066 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
1068 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1071 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
1073 return $self->_svp_release($name);
1077 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1079 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1080 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1082 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1083 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
1085 if (defined $name) {
1086 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
1087 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1088 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
1091 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1092 # the stack up to date.
1093 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1094 last if($s eq $name);
1096 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
1097 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
1098 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
1100 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
1101 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
1104 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
1106 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
1109 sub _svp_generate_name {
1112 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
1117 $self->ensure_connected();
1118 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
1119 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
1121 # this isn't ->_dbh-> because
1122 # we should reconnect on begin_work
1123 # for AutoCommit users
1124 $self->dbh->begin_work;
1125 } elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1128 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1133 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1134 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1135 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1138 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1139 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1141 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1142 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1144 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1150 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1152 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1153 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1155 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1156 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1159 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1160 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1161 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1162 $self->svp_rollback;
1167 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1172 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1173 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
1174 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1175 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1176 $self->throw_exception($error);
1180 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1181 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1182 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1183 sub _prep_for_execute {
1184 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1186 if( blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1187 $ident = $ident->from();
1190 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1193 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1195 return ($sql, \@bind);
1198 sub _fix_bind_params {
1199 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1201 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1202 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1204 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1207 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1208 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1215 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1217 if ( $self->debug ) {
1218 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1220 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1225 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1227 if ( $self->debug ) {
1228 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1229 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1234 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1236 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1238 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1240 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1242 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1244 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1245 my $attributes = {};
1246 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1248 if ($bind_attributes) {
1249 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1250 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1253 foreach my $data (@data) {
1254 my $ref = ref $data;
1255 $data = $ref && $ref ne 'ARRAY' ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args (except arrayrefs)
1257 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
1258 $placeholder_index++;
1262 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1263 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1264 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1266 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1268 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1273 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_)
1277 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1279 my $ident = $source->from;
1280 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1282 $self->ensure_connected;
1283 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1284 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1285 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1287 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1288 $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch( 'nextval', $col_info->{sequence} || $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->dbh, $source) );
1293 $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert);
1298 ## Still not quite perfect, and EXPERIMENTAL
1299 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1300 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1301 ## only prepped once.
1303 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1305 my $table = $source->from;
1306 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1307 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->insert($table, \%colvalues);
1309 $self->_query_start( $sql, @bind );
1310 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1312 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1314 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1316 my $tuple_status = [];
1319 ##print STDERR Dumper( $data, $sql, [@bind] );
1323 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1324 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1326 ## Bind the values and execute
1327 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1329 foreach my $bound (@bind) {
1331 my $attributes = {};
1332 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1334 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1335 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1336 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1339 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1341 $sth->bind_param_array( $placeholder_index, [@data], $attributes );
1342 $placeholder_index++;
1344 my $rv = $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1345 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1347 $self->_query_end( $sql, @bind );
1348 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1352 my $self = shift @_;
1353 my $source = shift @_;
1354 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1356 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, @_);
1361 my $self = shift @_;
1362 my $source = shift @_;
1364 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## If ever it's needed...
1366 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @_);
1371 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1372 local $sql_maker->{for};
1373 return $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
1377 my ($self, $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1378 my $order = $attrs->{order_by};
1380 if (ref $condition eq 'SCALAR') {
1381 my $unwrap = ${$condition};
1382 if ($unwrap =~ s/ORDER BY (.*)$//i) {
1384 $condition = \$unwrap;
1388 my $for = delete $attrs->{for};
1389 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1390 $sql_maker->{for} = $for;
1392 if (exists $attrs->{group_by} || $attrs->{having}) {
1394 group_by => $attrs->{group_by},
1395 having => $attrs->{having},
1396 ($order ? (order_by => $order) : ())
1399 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## Future support
1400 my @args = ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $condition, $order);
1401 if ($attrs->{software_limit} ||
1402 $self->sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ") {
1403 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1405 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1406 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1408 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
1409 $attrs->{rows} = 2**48 if not defined $attrs->{rows} and defined $attrs->{offset};
1410 push @args, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1416 sub source_bind_attributes {
1417 my ($self, $source) = @_;
1419 my $bind_attributes;
1420 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
1422 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
1423 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
1427 return $bind_attributes;
1434 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
1438 Handle a SQL select statement.
1444 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1445 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
1450 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
1451 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1452 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
1453 if(@row && @nextrow) {
1454 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
1456 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
1465 =item Arguments: $sql
1469 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
1474 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1476 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1477 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1478 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1479 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1481 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1482 # but apparently that's not true :(
1483 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
1489 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
1490 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql);
1493 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
1494 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
1496 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
1499 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
1500 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
1502 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
1504 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
1505 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
1506 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
1507 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
1508 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
1509 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
1511 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
1514 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
1518 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
1520 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
1521 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
1523 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
1524 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
1525 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
1527 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
1528 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
1529 $column_info{size} = $2;
1532 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
1536 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
1537 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
1538 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
1540 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
1541 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
1542 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
1543 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
1550 sub columns_info_for {
1551 my ($self, $table) = @_;
1552 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_columns_info_for', $table);
1555 =head2 last_insert_id
1557 Return the row id of the last insert.
1561 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
1562 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
1563 # XXX This is a SQLite-ism as a default... is there a DBI-generic way?
1564 $dbh->func('last_insert_rowid');
1567 sub last_insert_id {
1569 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_last_insert_id', @_);
1574 Returns the database driver name.
1578 sub sqlt_type { shift->dbh->{Driver}->{Name} }
1580 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
1582 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
1583 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
1584 let the database planner just handle it.
1586 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
1590 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
1594 =head2 create_ddl_dir
1598 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
1602 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
1603 database types, in the given directory.
1605 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
1607 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
1609 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
1610 hashref like the following
1612 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
1616 sub create_ddl_dir {
1617 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
1619 if(!$dir || !-d $dir) {
1620 warn "No directory given, using ./\n";
1623 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
1624 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
1626 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
1627 $version ||= $schema_version;
1630 add_drop_table => 1,
1631 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
1632 ignore_index_names => 1,
1636 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't create a ddl file without SQL::Translator 0.09003: '}
1637 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1638 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1640 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
1642 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
1643 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema }) or die $sqlt->error;
1645 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
1647 $sqlt = $self->configure_sqlt($sqlt, $db);
1648 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
1649 $sqlt->producer($db);
1652 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
1653 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
1654 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
1655 warn "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
1659 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
1661 warn("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
1664 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
1665 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
1668 print $file $output;
1671 next unless ($preversion);
1673 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
1675 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
1676 if(!-e $prefilename) {
1677 warn("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
1681 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
1683 warn("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
1689 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1692 $t->parser( $db ) or die $t->error;
1693 $t = $self->configure_sqlt($t, $db);
1694 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename ) or die $t->error;
1695 $source_schema = $t->schema;
1696 unless ( $source_schema->name ) {
1697 $source_schema->name( $prefilename );
1701 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
1702 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
1703 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
1704 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
1706 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
1707 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1710 $t->parser( $db ) or die $t->error;
1711 $t = $self->configure_sqlt($t, $db);
1712 my $out = $t->translate( $filename ) or die $t->error;
1713 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
1714 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
1715 unless $dest_schema->name;
1718 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
1722 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
1723 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
1731 sub configure_sqlt() {
1734 my $db = shift || $self->sqlt_type;
1735 if ($db eq 'PostgreSQL') {
1736 $tr->quote_table_names(0);
1737 $tr->quote_field_names(0);
1742 =head2 deployment_statements
1746 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
1750 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
1751 The database driver name is given by C<$type>, though the value from
1752 L</sqlt_type> is used if it is not specified.
1754 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
1755 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
1756 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
1758 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
1759 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
1761 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
1765 sub deployment_statements {
1766 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
1767 # Need to be connected to get the correct sqlt_type
1768 $self->ensure_connected() unless $type;
1769 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
1770 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
1772 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $dir, $version);
1776 open($file, "<$filename")
1777 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
1780 return join('', @rows);
1783 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't deploy without SQL::Translator 0.09003: '}
1784 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1785 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1787 require SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class;
1788 eval qq{use SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}};
1789 $self->throw_exception($@) if $@;
1791 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
1793 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
1794 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
1796 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(%$sqltargs);
1797 SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class::parse( $tr, $schema );
1798 return "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}"->can('produce')->($tr);
1802 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
1805 return if($line =~ /^--/);
1807 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
1808 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
1809 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
1810 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
1811 $self->_query_start($line);
1813 $self->dbh->do($line); # shouldn't be using ->dbh ?
1816 warn qq{$@ (running "${line}")};
1818 $self->_query_end($line);
1820 my @statements = $self->deployment_statements($schema, $type, undef, $dir, { no_comments => 1, %{ $sqltargs || {} } } );
1821 if (@statements > 1) {
1822 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
1823 $deploy->( $statement );
1826 elsif (@statements == 1) {
1827 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
1833 =head2 datetime_parser
1835 Returns the datetime parser class
1839 sub datetime_parser {
1841 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
1842 $self->ensure_connected;
1843 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
1847 =head2 datetime_parser_type
1849 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
1850 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
1854 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
1856 =head2 build_datetime_parser
1858 See L</datetime_parser>
1862 sub build_datetime_parser {
1864 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
1866 $self->throw_exception("Couldn't load ${type}: $@") if $@;
1871 my $_check_sqlt_version; # private
1872 my $_check_sqlt_message; # private
1873 sub _check_sqlt_version {
1874 return $_check_sqlt_version if defined $_check_sqlt_version;
1875 eval 'use SQL::Translator "0.09003"';
1876 $_check_sqlt_message = $@ || '';
1877 $_check_sqlt_version = !$@;
1880 sub _check_sqlt_message {
1881 _check_sqlt_version if !defined $_check_sqlt_message;
1882 $_check_sqlt_message;
1886 =head2 is_replicating
1888 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
1889 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
1890 returned by databases that don't support replication.
1894 sub is_replicating {
1899 =head2 lag_behind_master
1901 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
1902 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
1903 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
1907 sub lag_behind_master {
1913 return if !$self->_dbh;
1922 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
1924 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
1925 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
1926 combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
1928 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
1929 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
1930 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
1931 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
1932 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
1933 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
1934 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
1940 The module defines a set of methods within the DBIC::SQL::Abstract
1941 namespace. These build on L<SQL::Abstract::Limit> to provide the
1942 SQL query functions.
1944 The following methods are extended:-
1958 See L</connect_info> for details.
1962 See L</connect_info> for details.
1966 See L</connect_info> for details.
1972 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
1974 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
1978 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.