1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Storage::DBIHacks DBIx::Class::Storage/;
10 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class|^Try::Tiny/;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
13 use Scalar::Util qw/refaddr weaken reftype blessed/;
14 use List::Util qw/first/;
15 use Data::Dumper::Concise 'Dumper';
16 use Sub::Name 'subname';
18 use File::Path 'make_path';
23 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
24 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
26 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/
27 sql_maker_class sql_limit_dialect sql_quote_char sql_name_sep
30 __PACKAGE__->sql_name_sep('.');
32 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLMaker');
34 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => qw/
35 _connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbic_connect_attributes _driver_determined
36 _dbh _dbh_details _conn_pid _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts
37 transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit savepoints
40 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
41 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
42 my @storage_options = qw/
43 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
44 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
46 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
49 # capability definitions, using a 2-tiered accessor system
52 # A driver/user may define _use_X, which blindly without any checks says:
53 # "(do not) use this capability", (use_dbms_capability is an "inherited"
56 # If _use_X is undef, _supports_X is then queried. This is a "simple" style
57 # accessor, which in turn calls _determine_supports_X, and stores the return
58 # in a special slot on the storage object, which is wiped every time a $dbh
59 # reconnection takes place (it is not guaranteed that upon reconnection we
60 # will get the same rdbms version). _determine_supports_X does not need to
61 # exist on a driver, as we ->can for it before calling.
63 my @capabilities = (qw/
65 insert_returning_bound
70 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( dbms_capability => map { "_supports_$_" } @capabilities );
71 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( use_dbms_capability => map { "_use_$_" } (@capabilities ) );
73 # on by default, not strictly a capability (pending rewrite)
74 __PACKAGE__->_use_join_optimizer (1);
75 sub _determine_supports_join_optimizer { 1 };
77 # Each of these methods need _determine_driver called before itself
78 # in order to function reliably. This is a purely DRY optimization
80 # get_(use)_dbms_capability need to be called on the correct Storage
81 # class, as _use_X may be hardcoded class-wide, and _supports_X calls
82 # _determine_supports_X which obv. needs a correct driver as well
83 my @rdbms_specific_methods = qw/
97 get_use_dbms_capability
104 for my $meth (@rdbms_specific_methods) {
106 my $orig = __PACKAGE__->can ($meth)
107 or die "$meth is not a ::Storage::DBI method!";
110 no warnings qw/redefine/;
111 *{__PACKAGE__ ."::$meth"} = subname $meth => sub {
112 if (not $_[0]->_driver_determined and not $_[0]->{_in_determine_driver}) {
113 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
115 # This for some reason crashes and burns on perl 5.8.1
116 # IFF the method ends up throwing an exception
117 #goto $_[0]->can ($meth);
119 my $cref = $_[0]->can ($meth);
129 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
133 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
135 $schema->storage->debug(1);
137 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
139 my ($storage, $dbh, @args) = @_;
140 $dbh->do("DROP TABLE authors");
145 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
146 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser->format_datetime(DateTime->now)
151 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
152 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
153 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
160 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
162 $new->transaction_depth(0);
163 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
164 $new->_dbh_details({});
165 $new->{savepoints} = [];
166 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
167 $new->{_dbh_gen} = 0;
169 # read below to see what this does
170 $new->_arm_global_destructor;
175 # This is hack to work around perl shooting stuff in random
176 # order on exit(). If we do not walk the remaining storage
177 # objects in an END block, there is a *small but real* chance
178 # of a fork()ed child to kill the parent's shared DBI handle,
179 # *before perl reaches the DESTROY in this package*
180 # Yes, it is ugly and effective.
181 # Additionally this registry is used by the CLONE method to
182 # make sure no handles are shared between threads
184 my %seek_and_destroy;
186 sub _arm_global_destructor {
188 my $key = refaddr ($self);
189 $seek_and_destroy{$key} = $self;
190 weaken ($seek_and_destroy{$key});
194 local $?; # just in case the DBI destructor changes it somehow
196 # destroy just the object if not native to this process/thread
197 $_->_verify_pid for (grep
199 values %seek_and_destroy
204 # As per DBI's recommendation, DBIC disconnects all handles as
205 # soon as possible (DBIC will reconnect only on demand from within
207 for (values %seek_and_destroy) {
209 $_->{_dbh_gen}++; # so that existing cursors will drop as well
218 # some databases spew warnings on implicit disconnect
219 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
222 # this op is necessary, since the very last perl runtime statement
223 # triggers a global destruction shootout, and the $SIG localization
224 # may very well be destroyed before perl actually gets to do the
229 # handle pid changes correctly - do not destroy parent's connection
233 my $pid = $self->_conn_pid;
234 if( defined $pid and $pid != $$ and my $dbh = $self->_dbh ) {
235 $dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
245 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
246 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
248 The argument list may contain:
254 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
255 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
256 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
257 recognized by DBIx::Class:
259 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
263 A single code reference which returns a connected
264 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
265 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
268 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
272 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
275 $connect_info_args = [{
283 $connect_info_args = [{
284 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect (...) },
289 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
290 following config (L<Config::General> style):
295 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
302 The C<dsn>/C<user>/C<password> combination can be substituted by the
303 C<dbh_maker> key whose value is a coderef that returns a connected
304 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
308 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
309 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
310 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
311 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
312 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
313 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
315 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
317 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
318 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
319 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
320 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a separate hashref
321 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
323 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
324 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
325 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
332 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
333 the database. Its value may contain:
339 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
341 =item an array reference
343 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
344 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
346 =item a code reference
348 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
349 array reference, its return value is ignored.
353 =item on_disconnect_do
355 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
356 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
358 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
361 =item on_connect_call
363 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
364 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
366 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
370 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
372 Its values may contain:
378 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
380 =item a code reference
382 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
384 =item an array reference
386 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
388 =item an array of arrays
390 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
391 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
395 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
401 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
402 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
410 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
414 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
415 attributes hashref and bind values.
417 =item a code reference
419 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
426 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
427 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
428 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
430 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
431 implementation details.
435 =item on_disconnect_call
437 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
438 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
440 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
441 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
443 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
446 =item disable_sth_caching
448 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
449 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
453 Sets a specific SQL::Abstract::Limit-style limit dialect, overriding the
454 default L</sql_limit_dialect> setting of the storage (if any). For a list
455 of available limit dialects see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
459 When true automatically sets L</quote_char> and L</name_sep> to the characters
460 appropriate for your particular RDBMS. This option is preferred over specifying
461 L</quote_char> directly.
465 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names.
467 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
468 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
469 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
471 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
472 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
476 This parameter is only useful in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
477 specify the character that separates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
478 each other. If unspecified it defaults to the most commonly used C<.>.
482 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
483 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
484 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
485 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
487 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
488 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
489 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
490 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
492 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
493 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
494 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
498 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
499 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
500 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
504 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
505 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
509 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
510 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
512 # Simple SQLite connection
513 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
516 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
518 # Connect via subref in hashref
520 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect(...) },
521 on_connect_do => 'alter session ...',
524 # A bit more complicated
531 { quote_char => q{"} },
535 # Equivalent to the previous example
541 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
545 # Same, but with hashref as argument
546 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
549 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
551 password => 'my_pg_password',
558 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
561 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
565 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
566 disable_sth_caching => 1,
576 my ($self, $info) = @_;
578 return $self->_connect_info if !$info;
580 $self->_connect_info($info); # copy for _connect_info
582 $info = $self->_normalize_connect_info($info)
583 if ref $info eq 'ARRAY';
585 for my $storage_opt (keys %{ $info->{storage_options} }) {
586 my $value = $info->{storage_options}{$storage_opt};
588 $self->$storage_opt($value);
591 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
592 # the new set of options
593 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
594 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
596 for my $sql_maker_opt (keys %{ $info->{sql_maker_options} }) {
597 my $value = $info->{sql_maker_options}{$sql_maker_opt};
599 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $value;
603 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
604 %{ $info->{attributes} || {} },
607 my @args = @{ $info->{arguments} };
609 if (keys %attrs and ref $args[0] ne 'CODE') {
611 'You provided explicit AutoCommit => 0 in your connection_info. '
612 . 'This is almost universally a bad idea (see the footnotes of '
613 . 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI for more info). If you still want to '
614 . 'do this you can set $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK} to disable '
616 if ! $attrs{AutoCommit} and ! $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK};
618 push @args, \%attrs if keys %attrs;
620 $self->_dbi_connect_info(\@args);
623 # save attributes them in a separate accessor so they are always
624 # introspectable, even in case of a CODE $dbhmaker
625 $self->_dbic_connect_attributes (\%attrs);
627 return $self->_connect_info;
630 sub _normalize_connect_info {
631 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
634 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
636 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
639 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
640 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
643 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
644 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
646 if (my $code = delete $attrs{dbh_maker}) {
649 my @ignored = grep { delete $attrs{$_} } (qw/dsn user password/);
652 'Attribute(s) %s in connect_info were ignored, as they can not be applied '
653 . "to the result of 'dbh_maker'",
655 join (', ', map { "'$_'" } (@ignored) ),
660 @args = delete @attrs{qw/dsn user password/};
663 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
665 % { $args[3] || {} },
666 % { $args[4] || {} },
668 @args = @args[0,1,2];
671 $info{arguments} = \@args;
673 my @storage_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
674 @storage_options, 'cursor_class';
676 @{ $info{storage_options} }{@storage_opts} =
677 delete @attrs{@storage_opts} if @storage_opts;
679 my @sql_maker_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
680 qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep quote_names/;
682 @{ $info{sql_maker_options} }{@sql_maker_opts} =
683 delete @attrs{@sql_maker_opts} if @sql_maker_opts;
685 $info{attributes} = \%attrs if %attrs;
690 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes () {
695 ShowErrorStatement => 1,
701 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
705 =head2 on_disconnect_do
707 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
711 sub _parse_connect_do {
712 my ($self, $type) = @_;
714 my $val = $self->$type;
715 return () if not defined $val;
720 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
721 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
723 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
724 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
726 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
734 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
736 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
737 connection management.
739 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
740 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
741 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
743 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
744 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
746 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
747 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
748 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
752 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
754 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
755 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
756 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
767 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
769 return $self->$code($dbh, @_)
770 if ( $self->{_in_dbh_do} || $self->{transaction_depth} );
772 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
774 # take a ref instead of a copy, to preserve coderef @_ aliasing semantics
777 $self->$code ($dbh, @$args);
779 $self->throw_exception($_) if $self->connected;
781 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
782 # exception fall right through this time
783 carp "Retrying $code after catching disconnected exception: $_"
784 if $ENV{DBIC_DBIRETRY_DEBUG};
786 $self->_populate_dbh;
787 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @$args);
791 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
792 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
793 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
798 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
799 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
801 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
804 my $want = wantarray;
810 # take a ref instead of a copy, to preserve coderef @_ aliasing semantics
815 my $txn_start_depth = $self->transaction_depth;
817 @result = $coderef->(@$args);
819 elsif(defined $want) {
820 $result[0] = $coderef->(@$args);
826 my $delta_txn = $txn_start_depth - $self->transaction_depth;
827 if ($delta_txn == 0) {
830 elsif ($delta_txn != 1) {
831 # an off-by-one would mean we fired a rollback
832 carp "Unexpected reduction of transaction depth by $delta_txn after execution of $coderef";
838 if(! defined $exception) { return wantarray ? @result : $result[0] }
840 if($self->transaction_depth > 1 || $tried++ || $self->connected) {
841 my $rollback_exception;
842 try { $self->txn_rollback } catch { $rollback_exception = shift };
843 if(defined $rollback_exception) {
844 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
845 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
846 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
848 $self->throw_exception(
849 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
850 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
853 $self->throw_exception($exception)
856 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
858 carp "Retrying $coderef after catching disconnected exception: $exception"
859 if $ENV{DBIC_TXNRETRY_DEBUG};
860 $self->_populate_dbh;
866 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
867 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
877 push @actions, ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () );
878 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do');
880 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
882 $self->_dbh_rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
884 %{ $self->_dbh->{CachedKids} } = ();
885 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
891 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
895 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
897 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
901 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
902 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
906 # Storage subclasses should override this
907 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
908 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
916 =item Arguments: none
918 =item Return Value: 1|0
922 Verifies that the current database handle is active and ready to execute
923 an SQL statement (e.g. the connection did not get stale, server is still
924 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
930 return 0 unless $self->_seems_connected;
933 local $self->_dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
938 sub _seems_connected {
943 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
946 return $dbh->FETCH('Active');
952 my $dbh = $self->_dbh or return 0;
957 sub ensure_connected {
960 unless ($self->connected) {
961 $self->_populate_dbh;
967 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
968 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
969 necessary performing a reconnection before returning. Keep in mind that this
970 is very B<expensive> on some database engines. Consider using L</dbh_do>
978 if (not $self->_dbh) {
979 $self->_populate_dbh;
981 $self->ensure_connected;
986 # this is the internal "get dbh or connect (don't check)" method
990 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
996 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
997 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
998 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($sql_maker_class);
1000 my %opts = %{$self->_sql_maker_opts||{}};
1002 $opts{limit_dialect}
1004 $self->sql_limit_dialect
1007 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1009 "Your storage class ($s_class) does not set sql_limit_dialect and you "
1010 . 'have not supplied an explicit limit_dialect in your connection_info. '
1011 . 'DBIC will attempt to use the GenericSubQ dialect, which works on most '
1012 . 'databases but can be (and often is) painfully slow. '
1013 . "Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class' ."
1020 my ($quote_char, $name_sep);
1022 if ($opts{quote_names}) {
1023 $quote_char = (delete $opts{quote_char}) || $self->sql_quote_char || do {
1024 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1026 "You requested 'quote_names' but your storage class ($s_class) does "
1027 . 'not explicitly define a default sql_quote_char and you have not '
1028 . 'supplied a quote_char as part of your connection_info. DBIC will '
1029 .q{default to the ANSI SQL standard quote '"', which works most of }
1030 . "the time. Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class'."
1036 $name_sep = (delete $opts{name_sep}) || $self->sql_name_sep;
1039 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new(
1040 bindtype=>'columns',
1041 array_datatypes => 1,
1042 limit_dialect => $dialect,
1043 ($quote_char ? (quote_char => $quote_char) : ()),
1044 name_sep => ($name_sep || '.'),
1048 return $self->_sql_maker;
1051 # nothing to do by default
1058 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
1059 $self->_dbh(undef); # in case ->connected failed we might get sent here
1060 $self->_dbh_details({}); # reset everything we know
1062 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
1064 $self->_conn_pid($$) if $^O ne 'MSWin32'; # on win32 these are in fact threads
1066 $self->_determine_driver;
1068 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
1069 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
1070 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1072 $self->_run_connection_actions unless $self->{_in_determine_driver};
1075 sub _run_connection_actions {
1079 push @actions, ( $self->on_connect_call || () );
1080 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do');
1082 $self->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
1087 sub set_use_dbms_capability {
1088 $_[0]->set_inherited ($_[1], $_[2]);
1091 sub get_use_dbms_capability {
1092 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1094 my $use = $self->get_inherited ($capname);
1097 : do { $capname =~ s/^_use_/_supports_/; $self->get_dbms_capability ($capname) }
1101 sub set_dbms_capability {
1102 $_[0]->_dbh_details->{capability}{$_[1]} = $_[2];
1105 sub get_dbms_capability {
1106 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1108 my $cap = $self->_dbh_details->{capability}{$capname};
1110 unless (defined $cap) {
1111 if (my $meth = $self->can ("_determine$capname")) {
1112 $cap = $self->$meth ? 1 : 0;
1118 $self->set_dbms_capability ($capname, $cap);
1128 unless ($info = $self->_dbh_details->{info}) {
1132 my $server_version = try { $self->_get_server_version };
1134 if (defined $server_version) {
1135 $info->{dbms_version} = $server_version;
1137 my ($numeric_version) = $server_version =~ /^([\d\.]+)/;
1138 my @verparts = split (/\./, $numeric_version);
1144 # consider only up to 3 version parts, iff not more than 3 digits
1146 while (@verparts && @use_parts < 3) {
1147 my $p = shift @verparts;
1149 push @use_parts, $p;
1151 push @use_parts, 0 while @use_parts < 3;
1153 $info->{normalized_dbms_version} = sprintf "%d.%03d%03d", @use_parts;
1157 $self->_dbh_details->{info} = $info;
1163 sub _get_server_version {
1164 shift->_get_dbh->get_info(18);
1167 sub _determine_driver {
1170 if ((not $self->_driver_determined) && (not $self->{_in_determine_driver})) {
1171 my $started_connected = 0;
1172 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1;
1174 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
1176 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
1177 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1178 $started_connected = 1;
1180 # if connect_info is a CODEREF, we have no choice but to connect
1181 if (ref $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] &&
1182 reftype $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] eq 'CODE') {
1183 $self->_populate_dbh;
1184 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1187 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
1188 # force a connection in _rebless to determine version
1189 # (dsn may not be supplied at all if all we do is make a mock-schema)
1190 my $dsn = $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] || $ENV{DBI_DSN} || '';
1191 ($driver) = $dsn =~ /dbi:([^:]+):/i;
1192 $driver ||= $ENV{DBI_DRIVER};
1197 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
1198 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
1199 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3');
1200 bless $self, $storage_class;
1206 $self->_driver_determined(1);
1208 $self->_init; # run driver-specific initializations
1210 $self->_run_connection_actions
1211 if !$started_connected && defined $self->_dbh;
1215 sub _do_connection_actions {
1217 my $method_prefix = shift;
1220 if (not ref($call)) {
1221 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
1223 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
1225 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
1226 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
1227 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
1229 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
1232 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
1238 sub connect_call_do_sql {
1240 $self->_do_query(@_);
1243 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
1245 $self->_do_query(@_);
1248 # override in db-specific backend when necessary
1249 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
1252 my ($self, $action) = @_;
1254 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
1255 $action = $action->($self);
1256 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
1259 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
1260 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
1261 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
1262 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
1263 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
1264 my $sql = shift @do_args;
1265 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
1266 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
1268 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
1269 $self->_get_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
1270 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
1277 my ($self, @info) = @_;
1279 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
1282 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
1284 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
1285 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
1286 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
1290 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
1291 $dbh = $info[0]->();
1294 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
1301 unless ($self->unsafe) {
1303 $self->throw_exception(
1304 'Refusing clobbering of {HandleError} installed on externally supplied '
1305 ."DBI handle $dbh. Either remove the handler or use the 'unsafe' attribute."
1306 ) if $dbh->{HandleError} and ref $dbh->{HandleError} ne '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1308 # Default via _default_dbi_connect_attributes is 1, hence it was an explicit
1309 # request, or an external handle. Complain and set anyway
1310 unless ($dbh->{RaiseError}) {
1311 carp( ref $info[0] eq 'CODE'
1313 ? "The 'RaiseError' of the externally supplied DBI handle is set to false. "
1314 ."DBIx::Class will toggle it back to true, unless the 'unsafe' connect "
1315 .'attribute has been supplied'
1317 : 'RaiseError => 0 supplied in your connection_info, without an explicit '
1318 .'unsafe => 1. Toggling RaiseError back to true'
1321 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1324 # this odd anonymous coderef dereference is in fact really
1325 # necessary to avoid the unwanted effect described in perl5
1328 my $weak_self = $_[0];
1331 # the coderef is blessed so we can distinguish it from externally
1332 # supplied handles (which must be preserved)
1333 $_[1]->{HandleError} = bless sub {
1335 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1338 # the handler may be invoked by something totally out of
1340 croak ("DBI Exception (unhandled by DBIC, ::Schema GCed): $_[0]");
1342 }, '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1347 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: $_")
1350 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
1353 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1358 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1360 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
1361 unless defined $name;
1363 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1364 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1366 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1367 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
1369 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
1371 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
1373 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
1377 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1379 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1380 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1382 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1383 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
1385 if (defined $name) {
1386 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
1387 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1389 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1390 # the stack up to date.
1393 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
1395 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1398 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
1400 return $self->_svp_release($name);
1404 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1406 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1407 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1409 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1410 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
1412 if (defined $name) {
1413 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
1414 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1415 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
1418 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1419 # the stack up to date.
1420 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1421 last if($s eq $name);
1423 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
1424 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
1425 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
1427 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
1428 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
1431 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
1433 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
1436 sub _svp_generate_name {
1438 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
1444 # this means we have not yet connected and do not know the AC status
1445 # (e.g. coderef $dbh)
1446 if (! defined $self->_dbh_autocommit) {
1447 $self->ensure_connected;
1449 # otherwise re-connect on pid changes, so
1450 # that the txn_depth is adjusted properly
1451 # the lightweight _get_dbh is good enoug here
1452 # (only superficial handle check, no pings)
1457 if($self->transaction_depth == 0) {
1458 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
1460 $self->_dbh_begin_work;
1462 elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1465 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1468 sub _dbh_begin_work {
1471 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for him, otherwise we need to
1472 # ensure that the $dbh is healthy on BEGIN.
1473 # We do this via ->dbh_do instead of ->dbh, so that the ->dbh "ping"
1474 # will be replaced by a failure of begin_work itself (which will be
1475 # then retried on reconnect)
1476 if ($self->{_in_dbh_do}) {
1477 $self->_dbh->begin_work;
1479 $self->dbh_do(sub { $_[1]->begin_work });
1485 if (! $self->_dbh) {
1486 $self->throw_exception('cannot COMMIT on a disconnected handle');
1488 elsif ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1489 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1492 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1493 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1495 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1496 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1498 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1500 elsif (! $self->_dbh->FETCH('AutoCommit') ) {
1502 carp "Storage transaction_depth $self->{transaction_depth} does not match "
1503 ."false AutoCommit of $self->{_dbh}, attempting COMMIT anyway";
1505 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1508 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1509 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1512 $self->throw_exception( 'Refusing to commit without a started transaction' );
1518 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1519 or $self->throw_exception('cannot COMMIT on a disconnected handle');
1525 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1527 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1528 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1530 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1531 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1532 $self->_dbh_rollback;
1534 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1535 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1536 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1537 $self->svp_rollback;
1542 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1546 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1548 if ($_ !~ /$exception_class/) {
1549 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1550 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1553 $self->throw_exception($_)
1559 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1560 or $self->throw_exception('cannot ROLLBACK on a disconnected handle');
1564 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1565 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1566 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1567 sub _prep_for_execute {
1568 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1570 if( blessed $ident && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1571 $ident = $ident->from();
1574 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1577 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1579 return ($sql, \@bind);
1583 sub _fix_bind_params {
1584 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1586 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1587 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1589 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1592 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1593 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1600 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1602 if ( $self->debug ) {
1603 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1605 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1610 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1612 if ( $self->debug ) {
1613 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1614 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1619 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1621 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1623 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1625 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1627 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1629 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1630 my $attributes = {};
1631 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1633 if ($bind_attributes) {
1634 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1635 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1638 foreach my $data (@data) {
1639 my $ref = ref $data;
1641 if ($ref and overload::Method($data, '""') ) {
1644 elsif ($ref eq 'SCALAR') { # any scalarrefs are assumed to be bind_inouts
1645 $sth->bind_param_inout(
1646 $placeholder_index++,
1648 $self->_max_column_bytesize($ident, $column_name),
1654 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index++, $data, $attributes);
1658 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1659 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1660 $self->throw_exception(
1661 $sth->errstr || $sth->err || 'Unknown error: execute() returned false, but error flags were not set...'
1664 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1666 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1671 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_); # retry over disconnects
1674 sub _prefetch_autovalues {
1675 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1677 my $colinfo = $source->columns_info;
1680 for my $col (keys %$colinfo) {
1682 $colinfo->{$col}{auto_nextval}
1685 ! exists $to_insert->{$col}
1687 ref $to_insert->{$col} eq 'SCALAR'
1690 $values{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1692 ( $colinfo->{$col}{sequence} ||=
1693 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->_get_dbh, $source, $col)
1703 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1705 my $prefetched_values = $self->_prefetch_autovalues($source, $to_insert);
1708 $to_insert = { %$to_insert, %$prefetched_values };
1710 # list of primary keys we try to fetch from the database
1711 # both not-exsists and scalarrefs are considered
1713 for ($source->primary_columns) {
1714 $fetch_pks{$_} = scalar keys %fetch_pks # so we can preserve order for prettyness
1715 if ! exists $to_insert->{$_} or ref $to_insert->{$_} eq 'SCALAR';
1718 my ($sqla_opts, @ir_container);
1719 if ($self->_use_insert_returning) {
1721 # retain order as declared in the resultsource
1722 for (sort { $fetch_pks{$a} <=> $fetch_pks{$b} } keys %fetch_pks ) {
1723 push @{$sqla_opts->{returning}}, $_;
1724 $sqla_opts->{returning_container} = \@ir_container
1725 if $self->_use_insert_returning_bound;
1729 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1731 my ($rv, $sth) = $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert, $sqla_opts);
1735 if (my $retlist = $sqla_opts->{returning}) {
1736 @ir_container = try {
1737 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
1738 my @r = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1741 } unless @ir_container;
1743 @returned_cols{@$retlist} = @ir_container if @ir_container;
1746 return { %$prefetched_values, %returned_cols };
1750 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1751 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1752 ## only prepped once.
1754 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1757 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1759 for my $i (0..$#$cols) {
1760 my $first_val = $data->[0][$i];
1761 next unless ref $first_val eq 'SCALAR';
1763 $colvalues{ $cols->[$i] } = $first_val;
1766 # check for bad data and stringify stringifiable objects
1767 my $bad_slice = sub {
1768 my ($msg, $col_idx, $slice_idx) = @_;
1769 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for column '%s' in populate slice:\n%s",
1773 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 1; # don't dump objects, if any
1775 map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$slice_idx][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols)
1781 for my $datum_idx (0..$#$data) {
1782 my $datum = $data->[$datum_idx];
1784 for my $col_idx (0..$#$cols) {
1785 my $val = $datum->[$col_idx];
1786 my $sqla_bind = $colvalues{ $cols->[$col_idx] };
1787 my $is_literal_sql = (ref $sqla_bind) eq 'SCALAR';
1789 if ($is_literal_sql) {
1791 $bad_slice->('bind found where literal SQL expected', $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1793 elsif ((my $reftype = ref $val) ne 'SCALAR') {
1794 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where literal SQL expected",
1795 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1797 elsif ($$val ne $$sqla_bind){
1798 $bad_slice->("inconsistent literal SQL value, expecting: '$$sqla_bind'",
1799 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1802 elsif (my $reftype = ref $val) {
1804 if (overload::Method($val, '""')) {
1805 $datum->[$col_idx] = "".$val;
1808 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where bind expected",
1809 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1815 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute (
1816 'insert', undef, $source, [\%colvalues]
1820 # if the bindlist is empty - make sure all "values" are in fact
1821 # literal scalarrefs. If not the case this means the storage ate
1822 # them away (e.g. the NoBindVars component) and interpolated them
1823 # directly into the SQL. This obviosly can't be good for multi-inserts
1825 $self->throw_exception('Cannot insert_bulk without support for placeholders')
1826 if first { ref $_ ne 'SCALAR' } values %colvalues;
1829 # neither _execute_array, nor _execute_inserts_with_no_binds are
1830 # atomic (even if _execute _array is a single call). Thus a safety
1832 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1834 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind ? [ dummy => '__BULK_INSERT__' ] : () );
1835 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1838 #@bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1839 $self->_execute_array( $source, $sth, $bind, $cols, $data );
1842 # bind_param_array doesn't work if there are no binds
1843 $self->_dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds( $sth, scalar @$data );
1847 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind ? [ dummy => '__BULK_INSERT__' ] : () );
1851 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1854 sub _execute_array {
1855 my ($self, $source, $sth, $bind, $cols, $data, @extra) = @_;
1857 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1858 my $tuple_status = [];
1860 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1861 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1863 ## Bind the values and execute
1864 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1866 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1868 my $attributes = {};
1869 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1871 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1872 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1873 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1876 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1878 $sth->bind_param_array(
1881 (%$attributes ? $attributes : ()),
1883 $placeholder_index++;
1888 $rv = $self->_dbh_execute_array($sth, $tuple_status, @extra);
1894 # Not all DBDs are create equal. Some throw on error, some return
1895 # an undef $rv, and some set $sth->err - try whatever we can
1896 $err = ($sth->errstr || 'UNKNOWN ERROR ($sth->errstr is unset)') if (
1899 ( !defined $rv or $sth->err )
1902 # Statement must finish even if there was an exception.
1907 $err = shift unless defined $err
1912 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
1914 $self->throw_exception("Unexpected populate error: $err")
1915 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
1917 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for populate slice:\n%s",
1918 ($tuple_status->[$i][1] || $err),
1919 Dumper { map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols) },
1926 sub _dbh_execute_array {
1927 my ($self, $sth, $tuple_status, @extra) = @_;
1929 return $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1932 sub _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds {
1933 my ($self, $sth, $count) = @_;
1937 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
1938 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1939 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1941 $sth->execute foreach 1..$count;
1947 # Make sure statement is finished even if there was an exception.
1952 $err = shift unless defined $err;
1955 $self->throw_exception($err) if defined $err;
1961 my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
1963 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1965 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @args);
1970 my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
1972 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1974 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @args);
1977 # We were sent here because the $rs contains a complex search
1978 # which will require a subquery to select the correct rows
1979 # (i.e. joined or limited resultsets, or non-introspectable conditions)
1981 # Generating a single PK column subquery is trivial and supported
1982 # by all RDBMS. However if we have a multicolumn PK, things get ugly.
1983 # Look at _multipk_update_delete()
1984 sub _subq_update_delete {
1986 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1988 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1990 # quick check if we got a sane rs on our hands
1991 my @pcols = $rsrc->_pri_cols;
1993 my $sel = $rs->_resolved_attrs->{select};
1994 $sel = [ $sel ] unless ref $sel eq 'ARRAY';
1997 join ("\x00", map { join '.', $rs->{attrs}{alias}, $_ } sort @pcols)
1999 join ("\x00", sort @$sel )
2001 $self->throw_exception (
2002 '_subq_update_delete can not be called on resultsets selecting columns other than the primary keys'
2009 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
2010 { $pcols[0] => { -in => $rs->as_query } },
2015 return $self->_multipk_update_delete (@_);
2019 # ANSI SQL does not provide a reliable way to perform a multicol-PK
2020 # resultset update/delete involving subqueries. So by default resort
2021 # to simple (and inefficient) delete_all style per-row opearations,
2022 # while allowing specific storages to override this with a faster
2025 sub _multipk_update_delete {
2026 return shift->_per_row_update_delete (@_);
2029 # This is the default loop used to delete/update rows for multi PK
2030 # resultsets, and used by mysql exclusively (because it can't do anything
2033 # We do not use $row->$op style queries, because resultset update/delete
2034 # is not expected to cascade (this is what delete_all/update_all is for).
2036 # There should be no race conditions as the entire operation is rolled
2039 sub _per_row_update_delete {
2041 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
2043 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
2044 my @pcols = $rsrc->_pri_cols;
2046 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
2048 # emulate the return value of $sth->execute for non-selects
2049 my $row_cnt = '0E0';
2051 my $subrs_cur = $rs->cursor;
2052 my @all_pk = $subrs_cur->all;
2053 for my $pks ( @all_pk) {
2056 for my $i (0.. $#pcols) {
2057 $cond->{$pcols[$i]} = $pks->[$i];
2062 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
2076 $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
2079 sub _select_args_to_query {
2082 # my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset)
2083 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
2084 my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, @args) =
2085 $self->_select_args(@_);
2087 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset ]);
2088 my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, \@args);
2089 $prepared_bind ||= [];
2092 ? ($sql, $prepared_bind, $bind_attrs)
2093 : \[ "($sql)", @$prepared_bind ]
2098 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $attrs) = @_;
2100 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
2101 my ($alias2source, $rs_alias) = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
2108 $rs_alias && $alias2source->{$rs_alias}
2109 ? ( _rsroot_rsrc => $alias2source->{$rs_alias} )
2114 # calculate bind_attrs before possible $ident mangling
2115 my $bind_attrs = {};
2116 for my $alias (keys %$alias2source) {
2117 my $bindtypes = $self->source_bind_attributes ($alias2source->{$alias}) || {};
2118 for my $col (keys %$bindtypes) {
2120 my $fqcn = join ('.', $alias, $col);
2121 $bind_attrs->{$fqcn} = $bindtypes->{$col} if $bindtypes->{$col};
2123 # Unqialified column names are nice, but at the same time can be
2124 # rather ambiguous. What we do here is basically go along with
2125 # the loop, adding an unqualified column slot to $bind_attrs,
2126 # alongside the fully qualified name. As soon as we encounter
2127 # another column by that name (which would imply another table)
2128 # we unset the unqualified slot and never add any info to it
2129 # to avoid erroneous type binding. If this happens the users
2130 # only choice will be to fully qualify his column name
2132 if (exists $bind_attrs->{$col}) {
2133 $bind_attrs->{$col} = {};
2136 $bind_attrs->{$col} = $bind_attrs->{$fqcn};
2141 # Sanity check the attributes (SQLMaker does it too, but
2142 # in case of a software_limit we'll never reach there)
2143 if (defined $attrs->{offset}) {
2144 $self->throw_exception('A supplied offset attribute must be a non-negative integer')
2145 if ( $attrs->{offset} =~ /\D/ or $attrs->{offset} < 0 );
2147 $attrs->{offset} ||= 0;
2149 if (defined $attrs->{rows}) {
2150 $self->throw_exception("The rows attribute must be a positive integer if present")
2151 if ( $attrs->{rows} =~ /\D/ or $attrs->{rows} <= 0 );
2153 elsif ($attrs->{offset}) {
2154 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
2155 $attrs->{rows} = $sql_maker->__max_int;
2160 # see if we need to tear the prefetch apart otherwise delegate the limiting to the
2161 # storage, unless software limit was requested
2164 ( $attrs->{rows} && keys %{$attrs->{collapse}} )
2166 # grouped prefetch (to satisfy group_by == select)
2167 ( $attrs->{group_by}
2169 @{$attrs->{group_by}}
2171 $attrs->{_prefetch_selector_range}
2174 ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs)
2175 = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
2177 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
2178 push @limit, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
2181 # try to simplify the joinmap further (prune unreferenced type-single joins)
2182 $ident = $self->_prune_unused_joins ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
2185 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $where
2186 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
2187 # expect a row object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
2188 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
2190 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
2191 # invoked, and that's just bad...
2194 return ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $where, $attrs, @limit);
2197 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
2198 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
2199 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
2200 # sense as a performance optimization
2202 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
2203 return { count => '*' };
2207 sub source_bind_attributes {
2208 my ($self, $source) = @_;
2210 my $bind_attributes;
2212 my $colinfo = $source->columns_info;
2214 for my $col (keys %$colinfo) {
2215 if (my $dt = $colinfo->{$col}{data_type} ) {
2216 $bind_attributes->{$col} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($dt)
2220 return $bind_attributes;
2227 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
2231 Handle a SQL select statement.
2237 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
2238 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
2243 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
2244 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2245 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
2246 if(@row && @nextrow) {
2247 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
2249 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
2254 =head2 sql_limit_dialect
2256 This is an accessor for the default SQL limit dialect used by a particular
2257 storage driver. Can be overriden by supplying an explicit L</limit_dialect>
2258 to L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>. For a list of available limit dialects
2259 see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
2265 =item Arguments: $sql
2269 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
2274 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
2276 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
2277 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
2278 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
2279 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
2281 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
2282 # but apparently that's not true :(
2283 $self->throw_exception(
2286 sprintf( "\$dbh->prepare() of '%s' through %s failed *silently* without "
2287 .'an exception and/or setting $dbh->errstr',
2289 ? substr($sql, 0, 20) . '...'
2292 'DBD::' . $dbh->{Driver}{Name},
2300 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
2301 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql); # retry over disconnects
2304 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
2305 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
2307 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
2311 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
2312 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
2314 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
2316 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
2317 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
2318 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
2319 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
2320 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
2321 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
2323 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
2328 return \%result if !$caught && scalar keys %result;
2332 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
2334 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
2335 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
2337 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
2338 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
2339 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
2341 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
2342 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
2343 $column_info{size} = $2;
2346 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
2350 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
2351 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
2352 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
2354 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
2355 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
2356 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
2357 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
2364 sub columns_info_for {
2365 my ($self, $table) = @_;
2366 $self->_dbh_columns_info_for ($self->_get_dbh, $table);
2369 =head2 last_insert_id
2371 Return the row id of the last insert.
2375 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
2376 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
2378 my $id = try { $dbh->last_insert_id (undef, undef, $source->name, $col) };
2380 return $id if defined $id;
2382 my $class = ref $self;
2383 $self->throw_exception ("No storage specific _dbh_last_insert_id() method implemented in $class, and the generic DBI::last_insert_id() failed");
2386 sub last_insert_id {
2388 $self->_dbh_last_insert_id ($self->_dbh, @_);
2391 =head2 _native_data_type
2395 =item Arguments: $type_name
2399 This API is B<EXPERIMENTAL>, will almost definitely change in the future, and
2400 currently only used by L<::AutoCast|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::AutoCast> and
2401 L<::Sybase::ASE|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Sybase::ASE>.
2403 The default implementation returns C<undef>, implement in your Storage driver if
2404 you need this functionality.
2406 Should map types from other databases to the native RDBMS type, for example
2407 C<VARCHAR2> to C<VARCHAR>.
2409 Types with modifiers should map to the underlying data type. For example,
2410 C<INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT> should become C<INTEGER>.
2412 Composite types should map to the container type, for example
2413 C<ENUM(foo,bar,baz)> becomes C<ENUM>.
2417 sub _native_data_type {
2418 #my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2422 # Check if placeholders are supported at all
2423 sub _determine_supports_placeholders {
2425 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2427 # some drivers provide a $dbh attribute (e.g. Sybase and $dbh->{syb_dynamic_supported})
2428 # but it is inaccurate more often than not
2430 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2431 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2432 $dbh->do('select ?', {}, 1);
2440 # Check if placeholders bound to non-string types throw exceptions
2442 sub _determine_supports_typeless_placeholders {
2444 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2447 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2448 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2449 # this specifically tests a bind that is NOT a string
2450 $dbh->do('select 1 where 1 = ?', {}, 1);
2460 Returns the database driver name.
2465 shift->_get_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
2468 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2470 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2471 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2472 let the database planner just handle it.
2474 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
2478 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2482 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2484 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2485 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2486 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2487 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2488 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2492 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2493 my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2495 return 0 unless $dt;
2497 return $dt =~ /^ (?:
2498 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2503 =head2 create_ddl_dir
2507 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2511 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2512 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2513 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2515 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2516 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2517 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2518 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2520 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2521 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2522 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2523 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2525 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2526 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2527 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2528 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_table_names> and
2529 C<quote_field_names>.
2531 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2535 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2537 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2539 =item directory - './'
2541 =item preversion - <none>
2545 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2547 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2549 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2550 hashref like the following
2552 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2555 WARNING: You are strongly advised to check all SQL files created, before applying
2560 sub create_ddl_dir {
2561 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
2564 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
2569 make_path ("$dir") # make_path does not like objects (i.e. Path::Class::Dir)
2571 $self->throw_exception(
2572 "Failed to create '$dir': " . ($! || $@ || 'error unknow')
2576 $self->throw_exception ("Directory '$dir' does not exist\n") unless(-d $dir);
2578 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
2579 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
2581 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2582 $version ||= $schema_version;
2585 add_drop_table => 1,
2586 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
2587 ignore_index_names => 1,
2591 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy')) {
2592 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
2595 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
2597 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
2598 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
2599 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
2601 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
2603 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
2604 $sqlt->producer($db);
2607 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
2608 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
2609 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
2610 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
2614 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
2616 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
2619 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
2620 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
2623 print $file $output;
2626 next unless ($preversion);
2628 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
2630 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
2631 if(!-e $prefilename) {
2632 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
2636 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
2638 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
2644 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2649 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2651 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
2652 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2654 $source_schema = $t->schema;
2656 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
2657 unless ( $source_schema->name );
2660 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
2661 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
2662 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
2663 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
2665 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
2666 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2671 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2673 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
2674 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2676 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
2678 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
2679 unless $dest_schema->name;
2682 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
2686 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
2687 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
2695 =head2 deployment_statements
2699 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
2703 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
2705 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
2706 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
2708 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
2709 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
2710 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
2712 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
2713 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
2715 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
2719 sub deployment_statements {
2720 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
2721 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
2722 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2724 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
2728 open($file, "<$filename")
2729 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
2732 return join('', @rows);
2735 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy') ) {
2736 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without a ddl_dir or " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
2739 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
2741 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
2742 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
2744 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(
2745 producer => "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}",
2747 parser => 'SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class',
2753 @ret = $tr->translate;
2756 $ret[0] = $tr->translate;
2759 $self->throw_exception( 'Unable to produce deployment statements: ' . $tr->error)
2760 unless (@ret && defined $ret[0]);
2762 return wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
2766 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
2769 return if($line =~ /^--/);
2771 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
2772 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
2773 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
2774 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
2775 $self->_query_start($line);
2777 # do a dbh_do cycle here, as we need some error checking in
2778 # place (even though we will ignore errors)
2779 $self->dbh_do (sub { $_[1]->do($line) });
2781 carp qq{$_ (running "${line}")};
2783 $self->_query_end($line);
2785 my @statements = $schema->deployment_statements($type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
2786 if (@statements > 1) {
2787 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
2788 $deploy->( $statement );
2791 elsif (@statements == 1) {
2792 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
2798 =head2 datetime_parser
2800 Returns the datetime parser class
2804 sub datetime_parser {
2806 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
2807 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
2811 =head2 datetime_parser_type
2813 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
2814 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
2818 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
2820 =head2 build_datetime_parser
2822 See L</datetime_parser>
2826 sub build_datetime_parser {
2828 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
2829 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($type);
2834 =head2 is_replicating
2836 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
2837 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
2838 returned by databases that don't support replication.
2842 sub is_replicating {
2847 =head2 lag_behind_master
2849 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
2850 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
2851 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
2855 sub lag_behind_master {
2859 =head2 relname_to_table_alias
2863 =item Arguments: $relname, $join_count
2867 L<DBIx::Class> uses L<DBIx::Class::Relationship> names as table aliases in
2870 This hook is to allow specific L<DBIx::Class::Storage> drivers to change the
2871 way these aliases are named.
2873 The default behavior is C<< "$relname_$join_count" if $join_count > 1 >>,
2874 otherwise C<"$relname">.
2878 sub relname_to_table_alias {
2879 my ($self, $relname, $join_count) = @_;
2881 my $alias = ($join_count && $join_count > 1 ?
2882 join('_', $relname, $join_count) : $relname);
2887 # The size in bytes to use for DBI's ->bind_param_inout, this is the generic
2888 # version and it may be necessary to amend or override it for a specific storage
2889 # if such binds are necessary.
2890 sub _max_column_bytesize {
2891 my ($self, $source, $col) = @_;
2893 my $inf = $source->column_info($col);
2894 return $inf->{_max_bytesize} ||= do {
2898 if (my $data_type = $inf->{data_type}) {
2899 $data_type = lc($data_type);
2901 # String/sized-binary types
2902 if ($data_type =~ /^(?:l?(?:var)?char(?:acter)?(?:\s*varying)?
2903 |(?:var)?binary(?:\s*varying)?|raw)\b/x
2905 $max_size = $inf->{size};
2907 # Other charset/unicode types, assume scale of 4
2908 elsif ($data_type =~ /^(?:national\s*character(?:\s*varying)?|nchar
2912 $max_size = $inf->{size} * 4 if $inf->{size};
2915 elsif ($self->_is_lob_type($data_type)) {
2916 # default to longreadlen
2919 $max_size = 100; # for all other (numeric?) datatypes
2923 $max_size ||= $self->_get_dbh->{LongReadLen} || 8000;
2927 # Determine if a data_type is some type of BLOB
2929 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2930 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /(?:lob|bfile|text|image|bytea|memo)/i
2931 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s*(?:raw|bit\s*varying|varbit|binary
2932 |varchar|character\s*varying|nvarchar
2933 |national\s*character\s*varying))?$/xi);
2940 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
2942 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
2943 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
2944 (the default) combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
2946 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
2947 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
2948 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
2949 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
2950 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
2951 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
2952 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
2958 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2960 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2964 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.