1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base 'DBIx::Class::Storage';
10 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
13 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
17 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
18 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts _conn_pid
19 _conn_tid transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit _driver_determined savepoints/
22 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
23 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
24 my @storage_options = qw/
25 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
26 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
28 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
31 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
32 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
34 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/sql_maker_class/);
35 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLAHacks');
40 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
44 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
46 $schema->storage->debug(1);
47 $schema->dbh_do("DROP TABLE authors");
49 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
50 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser(DateTime->now)
55 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
56 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
57 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
64 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
66 $new->transaction_depth(0);
67 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
68 $new->{savepoints} = [];
69 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
77 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
78 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
80 The argument list may contain:
86 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
87 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
88 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
89 recognized by DBIx::Class:
91 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
95 A single code reference which returns a connected
96 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
97 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
100 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
104 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
107 $connect_info_args = [{
115 $connect_info_args = [{
116 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect (...) },
121 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
122 following config (L<Config::General> style):
127 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
134 The C<dsn>/C<user>/C<password> combination can be substituted by the
135 C<dbh_maker> key whose value is a coderef that returns a connected
136 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
140 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
141 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
142 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
143 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
144 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
145 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
147 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
149 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
150 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
151 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
152 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a seperate hashref
153 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
155 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
156 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
157 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
164 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
165 the database. Its value may contain:
171 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
173 =item an array reference
175 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
176 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
178 =item a code reference
180 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
181 array reference, its return value is ignored.
185 =item on_disconnect_do
187 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
188 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
190 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
193 =item on_connect_call
195 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
196 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
198 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
202 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
204 Its values may contain:
210 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
212 =item a code reference
214 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
216 =item an array reference
218 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
220 =item an array of arrays
222 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
223 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
227 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
233 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
234 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
242 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
246 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
247 attributes hashref and bind values.
249 =item a code reference
251 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
258 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
259 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
260 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
262 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
263 implementation details.
267 =item on_disconnect_call
269 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
270 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
272 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
273 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
275 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
278 =item disable_sth_caching
280 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
281 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
285 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
286 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
287 driver alone. See also L<SQL::Abstract::Limit>.
291 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
292 you use this you will want to specify L</name_sep> as well.
294 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
295 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
296 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
298 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
299 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
303 This only needs to be used in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
304 specify the charecter that seperates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
305 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
307 The consequences of not supplying this value is that L<SQL::Abstract>
308 will assume DBIx::Class' uses of aliases to be complete column
309 names. The output will look like I<"me.name"> when it should actually
314 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
315 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
316 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
317 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
319 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
320 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
321 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
322 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
324 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
325 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
326 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
330 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
331 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
332 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
336 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
337 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
341 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
342 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
344 # Simple SQLite connection
345 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
348 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
350 # Connect via subref in hashref
352 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect(...) },
353 on_connect_do => 'alter session ...',
356 # A bit more complicated
363 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
367 # Equivalent to the previous example
373 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
377 # Same, but with hashref as argument
378 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
381 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
383 password => 'my_pg_password',
390 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
393 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
397 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
398 disable_sth_caching => 1,
408 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
410 return $self->_connect_info if !$info_arg;
412 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
413 $self->_connect_info([@args]); # copy for _connect_info
416 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
419 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
420 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
423 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
424 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
426 if (my $code = delete $attrs{dbh_maker}) {
429 my @ignored = grep { delete $attrs{$_} } (qw/dsn user password/);
432 'Attribute(s) %s in connect_info were ignored, as they can not be applied '
433 . "to the result of 'dbh_maker'",
435 join (', ', map { "'$_'" } (@ignored) ),
440 @args = delete @attrs{qw/dsn user password/};
443 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
445 % { $args[3] || {} },
446 % { $args[4] || {} },
448 @args = @args[0,1,2];
451 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
452 # the new set of options
453 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
454 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
457 for my $storage_opt (@storage_options, 'cursor_class') { # @storage_options is declared at the top of the module
458 if(my $value = delete $attrs{$storage_opt}) {
459 $self->$storage_opt($value);
462 for my $sql_maker_opt (qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/) {
463 if(my $opt_val = delete $attrs{$sql_maker_opt}) {
464 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $opt_val;
469 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') {
470 # _connect() never looks past $args[0] in this case
474 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
479 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args, keys %attrs ? \%attrs : ()]);
480 $self->_connect_info;
483 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes {
493 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
497 =head2 on_disconnect_do
499 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
503 sub _parse_connect_do {
504 my ($self, $type) = @_;
506 my $val = $self->$type;
507 return () if not defined $val;
512 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
513 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
515 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
516 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
518 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
526 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
528 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
529 connection management.
531 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
532 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
533 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
535 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
536 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
538 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
539 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
540 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
544 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
546 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
547 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
548 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
559 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
561 return $self->$code($dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
562 || $self->{transaction_depth};
564 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
567 my $want_array = wantarray;
570 $self->_verify_pid if $dbh;
572 $self->_populate_dbh;
577 @result = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
579 elsif(defined $want_array) {
580 $result[0] = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
583 $self->$code($dbh, @_);
587 # ->connected might unset $@ - copy
589 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
591 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
593 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
594 # exception fall right through this time
595 carp "Retrying $code after catching disconnected exception: $exception"
596 if $ENV{DBIC_DBIRETRY_DEBUG};
597 $self->_populate_dbh;
598 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @_);
601 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
602 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
603 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
608 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
609 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
611 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
613 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
616 my $want_array = wantarray;
621 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
622 $self->_populate_dbh if !$self->_dbh;
626 @result = $coderef->(@_);
628 elsif(defined $want_array) {
629 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
637 # ->connected might unset $@ - copy
639 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
641 if($tried++ || $self->connected) {
642 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
643 my $rollback_exception = $@;
644 if($rollback_exception) {
645 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
646 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
647 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
649 $self->throw_exception(
650 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
651 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
654 $self->throw_exception($exception)
657 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
659 carp "Retrying $coderef after catching disconnected exception: $exception"
660 if $ENV{DBIC_DBIRETRY_DEBUG};
661 $self->_populate_dbh;
667 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
668 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
678 push @actions, ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () );
679 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do');
681 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
683 $self->_dbh->rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
684 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
690 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
694 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
696 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
700 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
701 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
705 # Storage subclasses should override this
706 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
707 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
716 =item Arguments: none
718 =item Return Value: 1|0
722 Verifies that the the current database handle is active and ready to execute
723 an SQL statement (i.e. the connection did not get stale, server is still
724 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
730 return 0 unless $self->_seems_connected;
733 local $self->_dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
738 sub _seems_connected {
741 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
744 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
751 return 0 if !$self->_dbh;
754 return $dbh->FETCH('Active');
760 my $dbh = $self->_dbh or return 0;
765 # handle pid changes correctly
766 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
770 return if defined $self->_conn_pid && $self->_conn_pid == $$;
772 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
779 sub ensure_connected {
782 unless ($self->connected) {
783 $self->_populate_dbh;
789 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
790 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
791 necessary performing a reconnection before returning. Keep in mind that this
792 is very B<expensive> on some database engines. Consider using L<dbh_do>
800 if (not $self->_dbh) {
801 $self->_populate_dbh;
803 $self->ensure_connected;
808 # this is the internal "get dbh or connect (don't check)" method
811 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
815 sub _sql_maker_args {
820 array_datatypes => 1,
821 limit_dialect => $self->_get_dbh,
822 %{$self->_sql_maker_opts}
828 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
829 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
830 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($sql_maker_class);
831 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
833 return $self->_sql_maker;
841 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
842 $self->_dbh(undef); # in case ->connected failed we might get sent here
843 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
845 $self->_conn_pid($$);
846 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
848 $self->_determine_driver;
850 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
851 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
852 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
854 $self->_run_connection_actions unless $self->{_in_determine_driver};
857 sub _run_connection_actions {
861 push @actions, ( $self->on_connect_call || () );
862 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do');
864 $self->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
867 sub _determine_driver {
870 if ((not $self->_driver_determined) && (not $self->{_in_determine_driver})) {
871 my $started_unconnected = 0;
872 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1;
874 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
876 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
877 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
879 # if connect_info is a CODEREF, we have no choice but to connect
880 if (ref $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] &&
881 Scalar::Util::reftype($self->_dbi_connect_info->[0]) eq 'CODE') {
882 $self->_populate_dbh;
883 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
886 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
887 # force a connection in _rebless to determine version
888 ($driver) = $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] =~ /dbi:([^:]+):/i;
889 $started_unconnected = 1;
893 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
894 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
895 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3');
896 bless $self, $storage_class;
901 $self->_driver_determined(1);
903 $self->_run_connection_actions
904 if $started_unconnected && defined $self->_dbh;
908 sub _do_connection_actions {
910 my $method_prefix = shift;
913 if (not ref($call)) {
914 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
916 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
918 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
919 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
920 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
922 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
925 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
931 sub connect_call_do_sql {
933 $self->_do_query(@_);
936 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
938 $self->_do_query(@_);
941 # override in db-specific backend when necessary
942 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
945 my ($self, $action) = @_;
947 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
948 $action = $action->($self);
949 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
952 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
953 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
954 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
955 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
956 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
957 my $sql = shift @do_args;
958 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
959 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
961 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
962 $self->_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
963 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
970 my ($self, @info) = @_;
972 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
975 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
977 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
978 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
979 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
983 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
987 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
990 if($dbh && !$self->unsafe) {
991 my $weak_self = $self;
992 Scalar::Util::weaken($weak_self);
993 $dbh->{HandleError} = sub {
995 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
998 croak ("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1001 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
1002 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1003 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1007 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
1009 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
1012 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1018 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1020 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
1021 unless defined $name;
1023 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1024 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1026 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1027 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
1029 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
1031 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
1033 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
1037 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1039 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1040 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1042 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1043 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
1045 if (defined $name) {
1046 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
1047 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1049 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1050 # the stack up to date.
1053 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
1055 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1058 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
1060 return $self->_svp_release($name);
1064 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1066 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1067 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1069 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1070 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
1072 if (defined $name) {
1073 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
1074 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1075 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
1078 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1079 # the stack up to date.
1080 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1081 last if($s eq $name);
1083 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
1084 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
1085 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
1087 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
1088 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
1091 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
1093 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
1096 sub _svp_generate_name {
1099 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
1104 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
1105 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
1108 # being here implies we have AutoCommit => 1
1109 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for
1110 # him, otherwise we need to ensure that the
1111 # $dbh is healthy on BEGIN
1112 my $dbh_method = $self->{_in_dbh_do} ? '_dbh' : 'dbh';
1113 $self->$dbh_method->begin_work;
1115 } elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1118 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1123 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1124 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1125 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1128 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1129 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1131 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1132 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1134 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1140 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1142 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1143 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1145 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1146 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1149 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1150 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1151 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1152 $self->svp_rollback;
1157 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1162 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1163 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
1164 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1165 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1166 $self->throw_exception($error);
1170 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1171 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1172 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1173 sub _prep_for_execute {
1174 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1176 if( Scalar::Util::blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1177 $ident = $ident->from();
1180 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1183 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1185 return ($sql, \@bind);
1189 sub _fix_bind_params {
1190 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1192 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1193 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1195 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1198 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1199 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1206 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1208 if ( $self->debug ) {
1209 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1211 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1216 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1218 if ( $self->debug ) {
1219 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1220 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1225 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1227 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1229 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1231 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1233 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1235 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1236 my $attributes = {};
1237 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1239 if ($bind_attributes) {
1240 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1241 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1244 foreach my $data (@data) {
1245 my $ref = ref $data;
1246 $data = $ref && $ref ne 'ARRAY' ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args (except arrayrefs)
1248 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
1249 $placeholder_index++;
1253 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1254 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1255 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1257 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1259 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1264 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_); # retry over disconnects
1268 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1270 # redispatch to insert method of storage we reblessed into, if necessary
1271 if (not $self->_driver_determined) {
1272 $self->_determine_driver;
1273 goto $self->can('insert');
1276 my $ident = $source->from;
1277 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1279 my $updated_cols = {};
1281 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1282 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1283 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1285 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1286 $updated_cols->{$col} = $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1288 $col_info->{sequence} ||
1289 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->_get_dbh, $source)
1295 $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert);
1297 return $updated_cols;
1300 ## Still not quite perfect, and EXPERIMENTAL
1301 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1302 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1303 ## only prepped once.
1305 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1307 # redispatch to insert_bulk method of storage we reblessed into, if necessary
1308 if (not $self->_driver_determined) {
1309 $self->_determine_driver;
1310 goto $self->can('insert_bulk');
1314 my $table = $source->from;
1315 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1316 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->insert($table, \%colvalues);
1318 $self->_query_start( $sql, @bind );
1319 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1321 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1323 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1324 my $tuple_status = [];
1326 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1327 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1329 ## Bind the values and execute
1330 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1332 foreach my $bound (@bind) {
1334 my $attributes = {};
1335 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1337 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1338 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1339 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1342 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1344 $sth->bind_param_array( $placeholder_index, [@data], $attributes );
1345 $placeholder_index++;
1347 my $rv = eval { $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status}) };
1350 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
1352 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr || "Unexpected populate error: $err")
1353 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
1355 require Data::Dumper;
1356 local $Data::Dumper::Terse = 1;
1357 local $Data::Dumper::Indent = 1;
1358 local $Data::Dumper::Useqq = 1;
1359 local $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys = 0;
1361 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for populate slice:\n%s",
1362 $tuple_status->[$i][1],
1363 Data::Dumper::Dumper(
1364 { map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols) }
1368 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1370 $self->_query_end( $sql, @bind );
1371 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1375 my $self = shift @_;
1376 my $source = shift @_;
1377 $self->_determine_driver;
1378 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1380 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, @_);
1385 my $self = shift @_;
1386 my $source = shift @_;
1387 $self->_determine_driver;
1388 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1390 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @_);
1393 # We were sent here because the $rs contains a complex search
1394 # which will require a subquery to select the correct rows
1395 # (i.e. joined or limited resultsets)
1397 # Genarating a single PK column subquery is trivial and supported
1398 # by all RDBMS. However if we have a multicolumn PK, things get ugly.
1399 # Look at _multipk_update_delete()
1400 sub _subq_update_delete {
1402 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1404 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1406 # we already check this, but double check naively just in case. Should be removed soon
1407 my $sel = $rs->_resolved_attrs->{select};
1408 $sel = [ $sel ] unless ref $sel eq 'ARRAY';
1409 my @pcols = $rsrc->primary_columns;
1410 if (@$sel != @pcols) {
1411 $self->throw_exception (
1412 'Subquery update/delete can not be called on resultsets selecting a'
1413 .' number of columns different than the number of primary keys'
1420 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1421 { $pcols[0] => { -in => $rs->as_query } },
1426 return $self->_multipk_update_delete (@_);
1430 # ANSI SQL does not provide a reliable way to perform a multicol-PK
1431 # resultset update/delete involving subqueries. So by default resort
1432 # to simple (and inefficient) delete_all style per-row opearations,
1433 # while allowing specific storages to override this with a faster
1436 sub _multipk_update_delete {
1437 return shift->_per_row_update_delete (@_);
1440 # This is the default loop used to delete/update rows for multi PK
1441 # resultsets, and used by mysql exclusively (because it can't do anything
1444 # We do not use $row->$op style queries, because resultset update/delete
1445 # is not expected to cascade (this is what delete_all/update_all is for).
1447 # There should be no race conditions as the entire operation is rolled
1450 sub _per_row_update_delete {
1452 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1454 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1455 my @pcols = $rsrc->primary_columns;
1457 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1459 # emulate the return value of $sth->execute for non-selects
1460 my $row_cnt = '0E0';
1462 my $subrs_cur = $rs->cursor;
1463 while (my @pks = $subrs_cur->next) {
1466 for my $i (0.. $#pcols) {
1467 $cond->{$pcols[$i]} = $pks[$i];
1472 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1487 # localization is neccessary as
1488 # 1) there is no infrastructure to pass this around before SQLA2
1489 # 2) _select_args sets it and _prep_for_execute consumes it
1490 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1491 local $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs};
1493 return $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
1496 sub _select_args_to_query {
1499 # localization is neccessary as
1500 # 1) there is no infrastructure to pass this around before SQLA2
1501 # 2) _select_args sets it and _prep_for_execute consumes it
1502 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1503 local $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs};
1505 # my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $cond, $order, $rows, $offset)
1506 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
1507 my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, @args) =
1508 $self->_select_args(@_);
1510 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $order, $rows, $offset ]);
1511 my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, \@args);
1512 $prepared_bind ||= [];
1515 ? ($sql, $prepared_bind, $bind_attrs)
1516 : \[ "($sql)", @$prepared_bind ]
1521 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $attrs) = @_;
1523 my ($alias2source, $rs_alias) = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
1525 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1526 $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs} = {
1532 ? ( _source_handle => $alias2source->{$rs_alias}->handle )
1537 # calculate bind_attrs before possible $ident mangling
1538 my $bind_attrs = {};
1539 for my $alias (keys %$alias2source) {
1540 my $bindtypes = $self->source_bind_attributes ($alias2source->{$alias}) || {};
1541 for my $col (keys %$bindtypes) {
1543 my $fqcn = join ('.', $alias, $col);
1544 $bind_attrs->{$fqcn} = $bindtypes->{$col} if $bindtypes->{$col};
1546 # Unqialified column names are nice, but at the same time can be
1547 # rather ambiguous. What we do here is basically go along with
1548 # the loop, adding an unqualified column slot to $bind_attrs,
1549 # alongside the fully qualified name. As soon as we encounter
1550 # another column by that name (which would imply another table)
1551 # we unset the unqualified slot and never add any info to it
1552 # to avoid erroneous type binding. If this happens the users
1553 # only choice will be to fully qualify his column name
1555 if (exists $bind_attrs->{$col}) {
1556 $bind_attrs->{$col} = {};
1559 $bind_attrs->{$col} = $bind_attrs->{$fqcn};
1566 $attrs->{software_limit}
1568 $sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ"
1570 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1573 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1574 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1576 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
1577 $attrs->{rows} = 2**48 if not defined $attrs->{rows} and defined $attrs->{offset};
1582 # see if we need to tear the prefetch apart (either limited has_many or grouped prefetch)
1583 # otherwise delegate the limiting to the storage, unless software limit was requested
1585 ( $attrs->{rows} && keys %{$attrs->{collapse}} )
1587 ( $attrs->{group_by} && @{$attrs->{group_by}} &&
1588 $attrs->{_prefetch_select} && @{$attrs->{_prefetch_select}} )
1590 ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs)
1591 = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
1593 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
1594 push @limit, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1598 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $where
1599 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
1600 # expect a row object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
1601 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
1603 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
1604 # invoked, and that's just bad...
1608 { $attrs->{$_} ? ( $_ => $attrs->{$_} ) : () }
1609 (qw/order_by group_by having/ )
1612 return ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $where, $order, @limit);
1616 # This is the code producing joined subqueries like:
1617 # SELECT me.*, other.* FROM ( SELECT me.* FROM ... ) JOIN other ON ...
1619 sub _adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch {
1620 my ($self, $from, $select, $where, $attrs) = @_;
1622 $self->throw_exception ('Nothing to prefetch... how did we get here?!')
1623 if not @{$attrs->{_prefetch_select}};
1625 $self->throw_exception ('Complex prefetches are not supported on resultsets with a custom from attribute')
1626 if (ref $from ne 'ARRAY' || ref $from->[0] ne 'HASH' || ref $from->[1] ne 'ARRAY');
1629 # generate inner/outer attribute lists, remove stuff that doesn't apply
1630 my $outer_attrs = { %$attrs };
1631 delete $outer_attrs->{$_} for qw/where bind rows offset group_by having/;
1633 my $inner_attrs = { %$attrs };
1634 delete $inner_attrs->{$_} for qw/for collapse _prefetch_select _collapse_order_by select as/;
1637 # bring over all non-collapse-induced order_by into the inner query (if any)
1638 # the outer one will have to keep them all
1639 delete $inner_attrs->{order_by};
1640 if (my $ord_cnt = @{$outer_attrs->{order_by}} - @{$outer_attrs->{_collapse_order_by}} ) {
1641 $inner_attrs->{order_by} = [
1642 @{$outer_attrs->{order_by}}[ 0 .. $ord_cnt - 1]
1647 # generate the inner/outer select lists
1648 # for inside we consider only stuff *not* brought in by the prefetch
1649 # on the outside we substitute any function for its alias
1650 my $outer_select = [ @$select ];
1651 my $inner_select = [];
1652 for my $i (0 .. ( @$outer_select - @{$outer_attrs->{_prefetch_select}} - 1) ) {
1653 my $sel = $outer_select->[$i];
1655 if (ref $sel eq 'HASH' ) {
1656 $sel->{-as} ||= $attrs->{as}[$i];
1657 $outer_select->[$i] = join ('.', $attrs->{alias}, ($sel->{-as} || "inner_column_$i") );
1660 push @$inner_select, $sel;
1663 # normalize a copy of $from, so it will be easier to work with further
1664 # down (i.e. promote the initial hashref to an AoH)
1666 $from->[0] = [ $from->[0] ];
1667 my %original_join_info = map { $_->[0]{-alias} => $_->[0] } (@$from);
1670 # decide which parts of the join will remain in either part of
1671 # the outer/inner query
1673 # First we compose a list of which aliases are used in restrictions
1674 # (i.e. conditions/order/grouping/etc). Since we do not have
1675 # introspectable SQLA, we fall back to ugly scanning of raw SQL for
1676 # WHERE, and for pieces of ORDER BY in order to determine which aliases
1677 # need to appear in the resulting sql.
1678 # It may not be very efficient, but it's a reasonable stop-gap
1679 # Also unqualified column names will not be considered, but more often
1680 # than not this is actually ok
1682 # In the same loop we enumerate part of the selection aliases, as
1683 # it requires the same sqla hack for the time being
1684 my ($restrict_aliases, $select_aliases, $prefetch_aliases);
1686 # produce stuff unquoted, so it can be scanned
1687 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1688 local $sql_maker->{quote_char};
1689 my $sep = $self->_sql_maker_opts->{name_sep} || '.';
1692 my $non_prefetch_select_sql = $sql_maker->_recurse_fields ($inner_select);
1693 my $prefetch_select_sql = $sql_maker->_recurse_fields ($outer_attrs->{_prefetch_select});
1694 my $where_sql = $sql_maker->where ($where);
1695 my $group_by_sql = $sql_maker->_order_by({
1696 map { $_ => $inner_attrs->{$_} } qw/group_by having/
1698 my @non_prefetch_order_by_chunks = (map
1699 { ref $_ ? $_->[0] : $_ }
1700 $sql_maker->_order_by_chunks ($inner_attrs->{order_by})
1704 for my $alias (keys %original_join_info) {
1705 my $seen_re = qr/\b $alias $sep/x;
1707 for my $piece ($where_sql, $group_by_sql, @non_prefetch_order_by_chunks ) {
1708 if ($piece =~ $seen_re) {
1709 $restrict_aliases->{$alias} = 1;
1713 if ($non_prefetch_select_sql =~ $seen_re) {
1714 $select_aliases->{$alias} = 1;
1717 if ($prefetch_select_sql =~ $seen_re) {
1718 $prefetch_aliases->{$alias} = 1;
1724 # Add any non-left joins to the restriction list (such joins are indeed restrictions)
1725 for my $j (values %original_join_info) {
1726 my $alias = $j->{-alias} or next;
1727 $restrict_aliases->{$alias} = 1 if (
1728 (not $j->{-join_type})
1730 ($j->{-join_type} !~ /^left (?: \s+ outer)? $/xi)
1734 # mark all join parents as mentioned
1735 # (e.g. join => { cds => 'tracks' } - tracks will need to bring cds too )
1736 for my $collection ($restrict_aliases, $select_aliases) {
1737 for my $alias (keys %$collection) {
1738 $collection->{$_} = 1
1739 for (@{ $original_join_info{$alias}{-join_path} || [] });
1743 # construct the inner $from for the subquery
1744 my %inner_joins = (map { %{$_ || {}} } ($restrict_aliases, $select_aliases) );
1746 for my $j (@$from) {
1747 push @inner_from, $j if $inner_joins{$j->[0]{-alias}};
1750 # if a multi-type join was needed in the subquery ("multi" is indicated by
1751 # presence in {collapse}) - add a group_by to simulate the collapse in the subq
1752 unless ($inner_attrs->{group_by}) {
1753 for my $alias (keys %inner_joins) {
1755 # the dot comes from some weirdness in collapse
1756 # remove after the rewrite
1757 if ($attrs->{collapse}{".$alias"}) {
1758 $inner_attrs->{group_by} ||= $inner_select;
1764 # demote the inner_from head
1765 $inner_from[0] = $inner_from[0][0];
1767 # generate the subquery
1768 my $subq = $self->_select_args_to_query (
1775 my $subq_joinspec = {
1776 -alias => $attrs->{alias},
1777 -source_handle => $inner_from[0]{-source_handle},
1778 $attrs->{alias} => $subq,
1781 # Generate the outer from - this is relatively easy (really just replace
1782 # the join slot with the subquery), with a major caveat - we can not
1783 # join anything that is non-selecting (not part of the prefetch), but at
1784 # the same time is a multi-type relationship, as it will explode the result.
1786 # There are two possibilities here
1787 # - either the join is non-restricting, in which case we simply throw it away
1788 # - it is part of the restrictions, in which case we need to collapse the outer
1789 # result by tackling yet another group_by to the outside of the query
1791 # so first generate the outer_from, up to the substitution point
1793 while (my $j = shift @$from) {
1794 if ($j->[0]{-alias} eq $attrs->{alias}) { # time to swap
1799 last; # we'll take care of what's left in $from below
1802 push @outer_from, $j;
1806 # see what's left - throw away if not selecting/restricting
1807 # also throw in a group_by if restricting to guard against
1808 # cross-join explosions
1810 while (my $j = shift @$from) {
1811 my $alias = $j->[0]{-alias};
1813 if ($select_aliases->{$alias} || $prefetch_aliases->{$alias}) {
1814 push @outer_from, $j;
1816 elsif ($restrict_aliases->{$alias}) {
1817 push @outer_from, $j;
1819 # FIXME - this should be obviated by SQLA2, as I'll be able to
1820 # have restrict_inner and restrict_outer... or something to that
1821 # effect... I think...
1823 # FIXME2 - I can't find a clean way to determine if a particular join
1824 # is a multi - instead I am just treating everything as a potential
1825 # explosive join (ribasushi)
1827 # if (my $handle = $j->[0]{-source_handle}) {
1828 # my $rsrc = $handle->resolve;
1829 # ... need to bail out of the following if this is not a multi,
1830 # as it will be much easier on the db ...
1832 $outer_attrs->{group_by} ||= $outer_select;
1837 # demote the outer_from head
1838 $outer_from[0] = $outer_from[0][0];
1840 # This is totally horrific - the $where ends up in both the inner and outer query
1841 # Unfortunately not much can be done until SQLA2 introspection arrives, and even
1842 # then if where conditions apply to the *right* side of the prefetch, you may have
1843 # to both filter the inner select (e.g. to apply a limit) and then have to re-filter
1844 # the outer select to exclude joins you didin't want in the first place
1846 # OTOH it can be seen as a plus: <ash> (notes that this query would make a DBA cry ;)
1847 return (\@outer_from, $outer_select, $where, $outer_attrs);
1850 sub _resolve_ident_sources {
1851 my ($self, $ident) = @_;
1853 my $alias2source = {};
1856 # the reason this is so contrived is that $ident may be a {from}
1857 # structure, specifying multiple tables to join
1858 if ( Scalar::Util::blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1859 # this is compat mode for insert/update/delete which do not deal with aliases
1860 $alias2source->{me} = $ident;
1863 elsif (ref $ident eq 'ARRAY') {
1867 if (ref $_ eq 'HASH') {
1869 $rs_alias = $tabinfo->{-alias};
1871 if (ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' and ref $_->[0] eq 'HASH') {
1875 $alias2source->{$tabinfo->{-alias}} = $tabinfo->{-source_handle}->resolve
1876 if ($tabinfo->{-source_handle});
1880 return ($alias2source, $rs_alias);
1883 # Takes $ident, \@column_names
1885 # returns { $column_name => \%column_info, ... }
1886 # also note: this adds -result_source => $rsrc to the column info
1889 # my $col_sources = $self->_resolve_column_info($ident, @column_names);
1890 sub _resolve_column_info {
1891 my ($self, $ident, $colnames) = @_;
1892 my ($alias2src, $root_alias) = $self->_resolve_ident_sources($ident);
1894 my $sep = $self->_sql_maker_opts->{name_sep} || '.';
1897 my (%return, %seen_cols);
1899 # compile a global list of column names, to be able to properly
1900 # disambiguate unqualified column names (if at all possible)
1901 for my $alias (keys %$alias2src) {
1902 my $rsrc = $alias2src->{$alias};
1903 for my $colname ($rsrc->columns) {
1904 push @{$seen_cols{$colname}}, $alias;
1909 foreach my $col (@$colnames) {
1910 my ($alias, $colname) = $col =~ m/^ (?: ([^$sep]+) $sep)? (.+) $/x;
1913 # see if the column was seen exactly once (so we know which rsrc it came from)
1914 if ($seen_cols{$colname} and @{$seen_cols{$colname}} == 1) {
1915 $alias = $seen_cols{$colname}[0];
1922 my $rsrc = $alias2src->{$alias};
1923 $return{$col} = $rsrc && {
1924 %{$rsrc->column_info($colname)},
1925 -result_source => $rsrc,
1926 -source_alias => $alias,
1933 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
1934 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
1935 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
1936 # sense as a performance optimization
1938 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
1939 return { count => '*' };
1942 # Returns a SELECT which will end up in the subselect
1943 # There may or may not be a group_by, as the subquery
1944 # might have been called to accomodate a limit
1946 # Most databases would be happy with whatever ends up
1947 # here, but some choke in various ways.
1949 sub _subq_count_select {
1950 my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
1951 return $rs_attrs->{group_by} if $rs_attrs->{group_by};
1953 my @pcols = map { join '.', $rs_attrs->{alias}, $_ } ($source->primary_columns);
1954 return @pcols ? \@pcols : [ 1 ];
1958 sub source_bind_attributes {
1959 my ($self, $source) = @_;
1961 my $bind_attributes;
1962 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
1964 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
1965 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
1969 return $bind_attributes;
1976 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
1980 Handle a SQL select statement.
1986 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1987 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
1992 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
1993 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1994 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
1995 if(@row && @nextrow) {
1996 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
1998 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
2007 =item Arguments: $sql
2011 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
2016 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
2018 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
2019 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
2020 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
2021 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
2023 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
2024 # but apparently that's not true :(
2025 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
2031 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
2032 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql); # retry over disconnects
2035 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
2036 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
2038 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
2041 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
2042 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
2044 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
2046 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
2047 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
2048 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
2049 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
2050 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
2051 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
2053 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
2056 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
2060 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
2062 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
2063 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
2065 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
2066 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
2067 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
2069 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
2070 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
2071 $column_info{size} = $2;
2074 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
2078 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
2079 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
2080 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
2082 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
2083 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
2084 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
2085 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
2092 sub columns_info_for {
2093 my ($self, $table) = @_;
2094 $self->_dbh_columns_info_for ($self->_get_dbh, $table);
2097 =head2 last_insert_id
2099 Return the row id of the last insert.
2103 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
2104 # All Storage's need to register their own _dbh_last_insert_id
2105 # the old SQLite-based method was highly inappropriate
2108 my $class = ref $self;
2109 $self->throw_exception (<<EOE);
2111 No _dbh_last_insert_id() method found in $class.
2112 Since the method of obtaining the autoincrement id of the last insert
2113 operation varies greatly between different databases, this method must be
2114 individually implemented for every storage class.
2118 sub last_insert_id {
2120 $self->_dbh_last_insert_id ($self->_dbh, @_);
2123 =head2 _native_data_type
2127 =item Arguments: $type_name
2131 This API is B<EXPERIMENTAL>, will almost definitely change in the future, and
2132 currently only used by L<::AutoCast|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::AutoCast> and
2133 L<::Sybase|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Sybase>.
2135 The default implementation returns C<undef>, implement in your Storage driver if
2136 you need this functionality.
2138 Should map types from other databases to the native RDBMS type, for example
2139 C<VARCHAR2> to C<VARCHAR>.
2141 Types with modifiers should map to the underlying data type. For example,
2142 C<INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT> should become C<INTEGER>.
2144 Composite types should map to the container type, for example
2145 C<ENUM(foo,bar,baz)> becomes C<ENUM>.
2149 sub _native_data_type {
2150 #my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2156 Returns the database driver name.
2163 if (not $self->_driver_determined) {
2164 $self->_determine_driver;
2165 goto $self->can ('sqlt_type');
2168 $self->_get_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
2171 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2173 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2174 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2175 let the database planner just handle it.
2177 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
2181 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2185 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2187 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2188 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2189 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2190 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2191 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2195 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2196 my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2198 return 0 unless $dt;
2200 return $dt =~ /^ (?:
2201 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2206 =head2 create_ddl_dir (EXPERIMENTAL)
2210 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2214 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2215 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2216 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2218 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2219 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2220 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2221 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2223 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2224 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2225 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2226 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2228 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2229 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2230 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2231 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_table_names> and
2232 C<quote_field_names>.
2234 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2238 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2240 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2242 =item directory - './'
2244 =item preversion - <none>
2248 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2250 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2252 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2253 hashref like the following
2255 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2258 Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly
2259 across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships.
2261 WARNING: Please check all SQL files created, before applying them.
2265 sub create_ddl_dir {
2266 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
2268 if(!$dir || !-d $dir) {
2269 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
2272 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
2273 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
2275 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2276 $version ||= $schema_version;
2279 add_drop_table => 1,
2280 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
2281 ignore_index_names => 1,
2285 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without SQL::Translator: " . $self->_sqlt_version_error)
2286 if !$self->_sqlt_version_ok;
2288 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
2290 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
2291 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
2292 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
2294 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
2296 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
2297 $sqlt->producer($db);
2300 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
2301 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
2302 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
2303 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
2307 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
2309 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
2312 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
2313 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
2316 print $file $output;
2319 next unless ($preversion);
2321 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
2323 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
2324 if(!-e $prefilename) {
2325 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
2329 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
2331 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
2337 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2342 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2344 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
2345 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2347 $source_schema = $t->schema;
2349 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
2350 unless ( $source_schema->name );
2353 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
2354 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
2355 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
2356 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
2358 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
2359 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2364 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2366 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
2367 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2369 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
2371 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
2372 unless $dest_schema->name;
2375 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
2379 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
2380 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
2388 =head2 deployment_statements
2392 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
2396 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
2398 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
2399 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
2401 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
2402 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
2403 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
2405 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
2406 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
2408 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
2412 sub deployment_statements {
2413 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
2414 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
2415 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2417 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
2421 open($file, "<$filename")
2422 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
2425 return join('', @rows);
2428 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without either SQL::Translator or a ddl_dir: " . $self->_sqlt_version_error )
2429 if !$self->_sqlt_version_ok;
2431 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
2433 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
2434 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
2436 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(
2437 producer => "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}",
2439 parser => 'SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class',
2442 return $tr->translate;
2446 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
2449 return if($line =~ /^--/);
2451 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
2452 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
2453 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
2454 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
2455 $self->_query_start($line);
2457 # do a dbh_do cycle here, as we need some error checking in
2458 # place (even though we will ignore errors)
2459 $self->dbh_do (sub { $_[1]->do($line) });
2462 carp qq{$@ (running "${line}")};
2464 $self->_query_end($line);
2466 my @statements = $self->deployment_statements($schema, $type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
2467 if (@statements > 1) {
2468 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
2469 $deploy->( $statement );
2472 elsif (@statements == 1) {
2473 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
2479 =head2 datetime_parser
2481 Returns the datetime parser class
2485 sub datetime_parser {
2487 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
2488 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
2489 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
2493 =head2 datetime_parser_type
2495 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
2496 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
2500 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
2502 =head2 build_datetime_parser
2504 See L</datetime_parser>
2508 sub build_datetime_parser {
2510 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
2512 $self->throw_exception("Couldn't load ${type}: $@") if $@;
2517 =head2 is_replicating
2519 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
2520 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
2521 returned by databases that don't support replication.
2525 sub is_replicating {
2530 =head2 lag_behind_master
2532 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
2533 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
2534 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
2538 sub lag_behind_master {
2544 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
2546 # some databases need this to stop spewing warnings
2547 if (my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
2548 eval { $dbh->disconnect };
2558 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
2560 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
2561 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
2562 (the default) combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
2564 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
2565 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
2566 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
2567 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
2568 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
2569 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
2570 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
2576 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2578 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2582 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.