1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Storage::DBIHacks DBIx::Class::Storage/;
10 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class|^Try::Tiny/;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
13 use Scalar::Util qw/refaddr weaken reftype blessed/;
14 use List::Util qw/first/;
15 use Data::Dumper::Concise 'Dumper';
16 use Sub::Name 'subname';
18 use File::Path 'make_path';
23 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
24 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
26 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/
27 sql_maker_class sql_limit_dialect sql_quote_char sql_name_sep
30 __PACKAGE__->sql_name_sep('.');
32 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLMaker');
34 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => qw/
35 _connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbic_connect_attributes _driver_determined
36 _dbh _dbh_details _conn_pid _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts
37 transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit savepoints
40 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
41 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
42 my @storage_options = qw/
43 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
44 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
46 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
49 # capability definitions, using a 2-tiered accessor system
52 # A driver/user may define _use_X, which blindly without any checks says:
53 # "(do not) use this capability", (use_dbms_capability is an "inherited"
56 # If _use_X is undef, _supports_X is then queried. This is a "simple" style
57 # accessor, which in turn calls _determine_supports_X, and stores the return
58 # in a special slot on the storage object, which is wiped every time a $dbh
59 # reconnection takes place (it is not guaranteed that upon reconnection we
60 # will get the same rdbms version). _determine_supports_X does not need to
61 # exist on a driver, as we ->can for it before calling.
63 my @capabilities = (qw/
65 insert_returning_bound
70 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( dbms_capability => map { "_supports_$_" } @capabilities );
71 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( use_dbms_capability => map { "_use_$_" } (@capabilities ) );
73 # on by default, not strictly a capability (pending rewrite)
74 __PACKAGE__->_use_join_optimizer (1);
75 sub _determine_supports_join_optimizer { 1 };
77 # Each of these methods need _determine_driver called before itself
78 # in order to function reliably. This is a purely DRY optimization
80 # get_(use)_dbms_capability need to be called on the correct Storage
81 # class, as _use_X may be hardcoded class-wide, and _supports_X calls
82 # _determine_supports_X which obv. needs a correct driver as well
83 my @rdbms_specific_methods = qw/
97 get_use_dbms_capability
104 for my $meth (@rdbms_specific_methods) {
106 my $orig = __PACKAGE__->can ($meth)
107 or die "$meth is not a ::Storage::DBI method!";
110 no warnings qw/redefine/;
111 *{__PACKAGE__ ."::$meth"} = subname $meth => sub {
112 if (not $_[0]->_driver_determined and not $_[0]->{_in_determine_driver}) {
113 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
115 # This for some reason crashes and burns on perl 5.8.1
116 # IFF the method ends up throwing an exception
117 #goto $_[0]->can ($meth);
119 my $cref = $_[0]->can ($meth);
129 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
133 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
135 $schema->storage->debug(1);
137 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
139 my ($storage, $dbh, @args) = @_;
140 $dbh->do("DROP TABLE authors");
145 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
146 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser->format_datetime(DateTime->now)
151 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
152 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
153 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
160 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
162 $new->transaction_depth(0);
163 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
164 $new->_dbh_details({});
165 $new->{savepoints} = [];
166 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
167 $new->{_dbh_gen} = 0;
169 # read below to see what this does
170 $new->_arm_global_destructor;
175 # This is hack to work around perl shooting stuff in random
176 # order on exit(). If we do not walk the remaining storage
177 # objects in an END block, there is a *small but real* chance
178 # of a fork()ed child to kill the parent's shared DBI handle,
179 # *before perl reaches the DESTROY in this package*
180 # Yes, it is ugly and effective.
181 # Additionally this registry is used by the CLONE method to
182 # make sure no handles are shared between threads
184 my %seek_and_destroy;
186 sub _arm_global_destructor {
188 my $key = refaddr ($self);
189 $seek_and_destroy{$key} = $self;
190 weaken ($seek_and_destroy{$key});
194 local $?; # just in case the DBI destructor changes it somehow
196 # destroy just the object if not native to this process/thread
197 $_->_verify_pid for (grep
199 values %seek_and_destroy
204 # As per DBI's recommendation, DBIC disconnects all handles as
205 # soon as possible (DBIC will reconnect only on demand from within
207 for (values %seek_and_destroy) {
209 $_->{_dbh_gen}++; # so that existing cursors will drop as well
218 # some databases spew warnings on implicit disconnect
219 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
222 # this op is necessary, since the very last perl runtime statement
223 # triggers a global destruction shootout, and the $SIG localization
224 # may very well be destroyed before perl actually gets to do the
229 # handle pid changes correctly - do not destroy parent's connection
233 my $pid = $self->_conn_pid;
234 if( defined $pid and $pid != $$ and my $dbh = $self->_dbh ) {
235 $dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
245 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
246 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
248 The argument list may contain:
254 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
255 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
256 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
257 recognized by DBIx::Class:
259 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
263 A single code reference which returns a connected
264 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
265 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
268 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
272 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
275 $connect_info_args = [{
283 $connect_info_args = [{
284 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect (...) },
289 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
290 following config (L<Config::General> style):
295 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
302 The C<dsn>/C<user>/C<password> combination can be substituted by the
303 C<dbh_maker> key whose value is a coderef that returns a connected
304 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
308 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
309 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
310 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
311 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
312 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
313 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
315 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
317 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
318 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
319 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
320 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a separate hashref
321 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
323 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
324 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
325 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
332 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
333 the database. Its value may contain:
339 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
341 =item an array reference
343 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
344 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
346 =item a code reference
348 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
349 array reference, its return value is ignored.
353 =item on_disconnect_do
355 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
356 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
358 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
361 =item on_connect_call
363 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
364 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
366 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
370 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
372 Its values may contain:
378 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
380 =item a code reference
382 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
384 =item an array reference
386 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
388 =item an array of arrays
390 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
391 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
395 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
401 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
402 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
410 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
414 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
415 attributes hashref and bind values.
417 =item a code reference
419 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
426 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
427 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
428 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
430 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
431 implementation details.
435 =item on_disconnect_call
437 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
438 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
440 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
441 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
443 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
446 =item disable_sth_caching
448 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
449 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
453 Sets a specific SQL::Abstract::Limit-style limit dialect, overriding the
454 default L</sql_limit_dialect> setting of the storage (if any). For a list
455 of available limit dialects see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
459 When true automatically sets L</quote_char> and L</name_sep> to the characters
460 appropriate for your particular RDBMS. This option is preferred over specifying
461 L</quote_char> directly.
465 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names.
467 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
468 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
469 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
471 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
472 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
476 This parameter is only useful in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
477 specify the character that separates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
478 each other. If unspecified it defaults to the most commonly used C<.>.
482 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
483 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
484 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
485 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
487 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
488 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
489 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
490 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
492 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
493 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
494 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
498 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
499 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
500 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
504 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
505 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
509 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
510 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
512 # Simple SQLite connection
513 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
516 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
518 # Connect via subref in hashref
520 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect(...) },
521 on_connect_do => 'alter session ...',
524 # A bit more complicated
531 { quote_char => q{"} },
535 # Equivalent to the previous example
541 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
545 # Same, but with hashref as argument
546 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
549 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
551 password => 'my_pg_password',
558 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
561 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
565 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
566 disable_sth_caching => 1,
576 my ($self, $info) = @_;
578 return $self->_connect_info if !$info;
580 $self->_connect_info($info); # copy for _connect_info
582 $info = $self->_normalize_connect_info($info)
583 if ref $info eq 'ARRAY';
585 for my $storage_opt (keys %{ $info->{storage_options} }) {
586 my $value = $info->{storage_options}{$storage_opt};
588 $self->$storage_opt($value);
591 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
592 # the new set of options
593 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
594 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
596 for my $sql_maker_opt (keys %{ $info->{sql_maker_options} }) {
597 my $value = $info->{sql_maker_options}{$sql_maker_opt};
599 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $value;
603 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
604 %{ $info->{attributes} || {} },
607 my @args = @{ $info->{arguments} };
609 if (keys %attrs and ref $args[0] ne 'CODE') {
611 'You provided explicit AutoCommit => 0 in your connection_info. '
612 . 'This is almost universally a bad idea (see the footnotes of '
613 . 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI for more info). If you still want to '
614 . 'do this you can set $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK} to disable '
616 if ! $attrs{AutoCommit} and ! $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK};
618 push @args, \%attrs if keys %attrs;
620 $self->_dbi_connect_info(\@args);
623 # save attributes them in a separate accessor so they are always
624 # introspectable, even in case of a CODE $dbhmaker
625 $self->_dbic_connect_attributes (\%attrs);
627 return $self->_connect_info;
630 sub _normalize_connect_info {
631 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
634 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
636 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
639 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
640 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
643 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
644 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
646 if (my $code = delete $attrs{dbh_maker}) {
649 my @ignored = grep { delete $attrs{$_} } (qw/dsn user password/);
652 'Attribute(s) %s in connect_info were ignored, as they can not be applied '
653 . "to the result of 'dbh_maker'",
655 join (', ', map { "'$_'" } (@ignored) ),
660 @args = delete @attrs{qw/dsn user password/};
663 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
665 % { $args[3] || {} },
666 % { $args[4] || {} },
668 @args = @args[0,1,2];
671 $info{arguments} = \@args;
673 my @storage_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
674 @storage_options, 'cursor_class';
676 @{ $info{storage_options} }{@storage_opts} =
677 delete @attrs{@storage_opts} if @storage_opts;
679 my @sql_maker_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
680 qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep quote_names/;
682 @{ $info{sql_maker_options} }{@sql_maker_opts} =
683 delete @attrs{@sql_maker_opts} if @sql_maker_opts;
685 $info{attributes} = \%attrs if %attrs;
690 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes () {
695 ShowErrorStatement => 1,
701 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
705 =head2 on_disconnect_do
707 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
711 sub _parse_connect_do {
712 my ($self, $type) = @_;
714 my $val = $self->$type;
715 return () if not defined $val;
720 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
721 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
723 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
724 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
726 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
734 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
736 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
737 connection management.
739 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
740 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
741 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
743 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
744 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
746 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
747 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
748 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
752 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
754 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
755 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
756 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
767 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
769 return $self->$code($dbh, @_)
770 if ( $self->{_in_dbh_do} || $self->{transaction_depth} );
772 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
774 # take a ref instead of a copy, to preserve coderef @_ aliasing semantics
777 $self->$code ($dbh, @$args);
779 $self->throw_exception($_) if $self->connected;
781 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
782 # exception fall right through this time
783 carp "Retrying $code after catching disconnected exception: $_"
784 if $ENV{DBIC_DBIRETRY_DEBUG};
786 $self->_populate_dbh;
787 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @$args);
791 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
792 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
793 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
798 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
799 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
801 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
804 my $want = wantarray;
810 # take a ref instead of a copy, to preserve coderef @_ aliasing semantics
815 my $txn_start_depth = $self->transaction_depth;
817 @result = $coderef->(@$args);
819 elsif(defined $want) {
820 $result[0] = $coderef->(@$args);
826 my $delta_txn = $txn_start_depth - $self->transaction_depth;
827 if ($delta_txn == 0) {
830 elsif ($delta_txn != 1) {
831 # an off-by-one would mean we fired a rollback
832 carp "Unexpected reduction of transaction depth by $delta_txn after execution of $coderef";
838 if(! defined $exception) { return wantarray ? @result : $result[0] }
840 if($self->transaction_depth > 1 || $tried++ || $self->connected) {
841 my $rollback_exception;
842 try { $self->txn_rollback } catch { $rollback_exception = shift };
843 if(defined $rollback_exception) {
844 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
845 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
846 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
848 $self->throw_exception(
849 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
850 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
853 $self->throw_exception($exception)
856 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
858 carp "Retrying $coderef after catching disconnected exception: $exception"
859 if $ENV{DBIC_TXNRETRY_DEBUG};
860 $self->_populate_dbh;
866 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
867 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
877 push @actions, ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () );
878 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do');
880 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
882 $self->_dbh_rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
884 %{ $self->_dbh->{CachedKids} } = ();
885 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
891 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
895 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
897 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
901 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
902 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
906 # Storage subclasses should override this
907 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
908 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
916 =item Arguments: none
918 =item Return Value: 1|0
922 Verifies that the current database handle is active and ready to execute
923 an SQL statement (e.g. the connection did not get stale, server is still
924 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
930 return 0 unless $self->_seems_connected;
933 local $self->_dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
938 sub _seems_connected {
943 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
946 return $dbh->FETCH('Active');
952 my $dbh = $self->_dbh or return 0;
957 sub ensure_connected {
960 unless ($self->connected) {
961 $self->_populate_dbh;
967 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
968 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
969 necessary performing a reconnection before returning. Keep in mind that this
970 is very B<expensive> on some database engines. Consider using L</dbh_do>
978 if (not $self->_dbh) {
979 $self->_populate_dbh;
981 $self->ensure_connected;
986 # this is the internal "get dbh or connect (don't check)" method
990 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
996 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
997 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
998 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($sql_maker_class);
1000 my %opts = %{$self->_sql_maker_opts||{}};
1002 $opts{limit_dialect}
1004 $self->sql_limit_dialect
1007 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1009 "Your storage class ($s_class) does not set sql_limit_dialect and you "
1010 . 'have not supplied an explicit limit_dialect in your connection_info. '
1011 . 'DBIC will attempt to use the GenericSubQ dialect, which works on most '
1012 . 'databases but can be (and often is) painfully slow. '
1013 . "Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class' ."
1020 my ($quote_char, $name_sep);
1022 if ($opts{quote_names}) {
1023 $quote_char = (delete $opts{quote_char}) || $self->sql_quote_char || do {
1024 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1026 "You requested 'quote_names' but your storage class ($s_class) does "
1027 . 'not explicitly define a default sql_quote_char and you have not '
1028 . 'supplied a quote_char as part of your connection_info. DBIC will '
1029 .q{default to the ANSI SQL standard quote '"', which works most of }
1030 . "the time. Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class'."
1036 $name_sep = (delete $opts{name_sep}) || $self->sql_name_sep;
1039 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new(
1040 bindtype=>'columns',
1041 array_datatypes => 1,
1042 limit_dialect => $dialect,
1043 ($quote_char ? (quote_char => $quote_char) : ()),
1044 name_sep => ($name_sep || '.'),
1048 return $self->_sql_maker;
1051 # nothing to do by default
1058 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
1059 $self->_dbh(undef); # in case ->connected failed we might get sent here
1060 $self->_dbh_details({}); # reset everything we know
1062 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
1064 $self->_conn_pid($$) if $^O ne 'MSWin32'; # on win32 these are in fact threads
1066 $self->_determine_driver;
1068 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
1069 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
1070 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1072 $self->_run_connection_actions unless $self->{_in_determine_driver};
1075 sub _run_connection_actions {
1079 push @actions, ( $self->on_connect_call || () );
1080 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do');
1082 $self->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
1087 sub set_use_dbms_capability {
1088 $_[0]->set_inherited ($_[1], $_[2]);
1091 sub get_use_dbms_capability {
1092 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1094 my $use = $self->get_inherited ($capname);
1097 : do { $capname =~ s/^_use_/_supports_/; $self->get_dbms_capability ($capname) }
1101 sub set_dbms_capability {
1102 $_[0]->_dbh_details->{capability}{$_[1]} = $_[2];
1105 sub get_dbms_capability {
1106 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1108 my $cap = $self->_dbh_details->{capability}{$capname};
1110 unless (defined $cap) {
1111 if (my $meth = $self->can ("_determine$capname")) {
1112 $cap = $self->$meth ? 1 : 0;
1118 $self->set_dbms_capability ($capname, $cap);
1128 unless ($info = $self->_dbh_details->{info}) {
1132 my $server_version = try { $self->_get_server_version };
1134 if (defined $server_version) {
1135 $info->{dbms_version} = $server_version;
1137 my ($numeric_version) = $server_version =~ /^([\d\.]+)/;
1138 my @verparts = split (/\./, $numeric_version);
1144 # consider only up to 3 version parts, iff not more than 3 digits
1146 while (@verparts && @use_parts < 3) {
1147 my $p = shift @verparts;
1149 push @use_parts, $p;
1151 push @use_parts, 0 while @use_parts < 3;
1153 $info->{normalized_dbms_version} = sprintf "%d.%03d%03d", @use_parts;
1157 $self->_dbh_details->{info} = $info;
1163 sub _get_server_version {
1164 shift->_dbh_get_info(18);
1168 my ($self, $info) = @_;
1170 return try { $self->_get_dbh->get_info($info) } || undef;
1173 sub _determine_driver {
1176 if ((not $self->_driver_determined) && (not $self->{_in_determine_driver})) {
1177 my $started_connected = 0;
1178 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1;
1180 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
1182 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
1183 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1184 $started_connected = 1;
1186 # if connect_info is a CODEREF, we have no choice but to connect
1187 if (ref $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] &&
1188 reftype $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] eq 'CODE') {
1189 $self->_populate_dbh;
1190 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1193 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
1194 # force a connection in _rebless to determine version
1195 # (dsn may not be supplied at all if all we do is make a mock-schema)
1196 my $dsn = $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] || $ENV{DBI_DSN} || '';
1197 ($driver) = $dsn =~ /dbi:([^:]+):/i;
1198 $driver ||= $ENV{DBI_DRIVER};
1203 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
1204 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
1205 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3');
1206 bless $self, $storage_class;
1212 $self->_driver_determined(1);
1214 $self->_init; # run driver-specific initializations
1216 $self->_run_connection_actions
1217 if !$started_connected && defined $self->_dbh;
1221 sub _do_connection_actions {
1223 my $method_prefix = shift;
1226 if (not ref($call)) {
1227 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
1229 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
1231 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
1232 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
1233 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
1235 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
1238 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
1244 sub connect_call_do_sql {
1246 $self->_do_query(@_);
1249 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
1251 $self->_do_query(@_);
1254 # override in db-specific backend when necessary
1255 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
1258 my ($self, $action) = @_;
1260 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
1261 $action = $action->($self);
1262 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
1265 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
1266 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
1267 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
1268 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
1269 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
1270 my $sql = shift @do_args;
1271 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
1272 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
1274 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
1275 $self->_get_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
1276 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
1283 my ($self, @info) = @_;
1285 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
1288 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
1290 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
1291 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
1292 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
1296 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
1297 $dbh = $info[0]->();
1300 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
1307 unless ($self->unsafe) {
1309 $self->throw_exception(
1310 'Refusing clobbering of {HandleError} installed on externally supplied '
1311 ."DBI handle $dbh. Either remove the handler or use the 'unsafe' attribute."
1312 ) if $dbh->{HandleError} and ref $dbh->{HandleError} ne '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1314 # Default via _default_dbi_connect_attributes is 1, hence it was an explicit
1315 # request, or an external handle. Complain and set anyway
1316 unless ($dbh->{RaiseError}) {
1317 carp( ref $info[0] eq 'CODE'
1319 ? "The 'RaiseError' of the externally supplied DBI handle is set to false. "
1320 ."DBIx::Class will toggle it back to true, unless the 'unsafe' connect "
1321 .'attribute has been supplied'
1323 : 'RaiseError => 0 supplied in your connection_info, without an explicit '
1324 .'unsafe => 1. Toggling RaiseError back to true'
1327 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1330 # this odd anonymous coderef dereference is in fact really
1331 # necessary to avoid the unwanted effect described in perl5
1334 my $weak_self = $_[0];
1337 # the coderef is blessed so we can distinguish it from externally
1338 # supplied handles (which must be preserved)
1339 $_[1]->{HandleError} = bless sub {
1341 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1344 # the handler may be invoked by something totally out of
1346 croak ("DBI Exception (unhandled by DBIC, ::Schema GCed): $_[0]");
1348 }, '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1353 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: $_")
1356 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
1359 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1364 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1366 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
1367 unless defined $name;
1369 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1370 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1372 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1373 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
1375 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
1377 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
1379 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
1383 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1385 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1386 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1388 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1389 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
1391 if (defined $name) {
1392 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
1393 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1395 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1396 # the stack up to date.
1399 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
1401 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1404 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
1406 return $self->_svp_release($name);
1410 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1412 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1413 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1415 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1416 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
1418 if (defined $name) {
1419 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
1420 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1421 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
1424 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1425 # the stack up to date.
1426 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1427 last if($s eq $name);
1429 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
1430 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
1431 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
1433 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
1434 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
1437 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
1439 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
1442 sub _svp_generate_name {
1444 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
1450 # this means we have not yet connected and do not know the AC status
1451 # (e.g. coderef $dbh)
1452 if (! defined $self->_dbh_autocommit) {
1453 $self->ensure_connected;
1455 # otherwise re-connect on pid changes, so
1456 # that the txn_depth is adjusted properly
1457 # the lightweight _get_dbh is good enoug here
1458 # (only superficial handle check, no pings)
1463 if($self->transaction_depth == 0) {
1464 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
1466 $self->_dbh_begin_work;
1468 elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1471 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1474 sub _dbh_begin_work {
1477 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for him, otherwise we need to
1478 # ensure that the $dbh is healthy on BEGIN.
1479 # We do this via ->dbh_do instead of ->dbh, so that the ->dbh "ping"
1480 # will be replaced by a failure of begin_work itself (which will be
1481 # then retried on reconnect)
1482 if ($self->{_in_dbh_do}) {
1483 $self->_dbh->begin_work;
1485 $self->dbh_do(sub { $_[1]->begin_work });
1491 if (! $self->_dbh) {
1492 $self->throw_exception('cannot COMMIT on a disconnected handle');
1494 elsif ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1495 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1498 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1499 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1501 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1502 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1504 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1506 elsif (! $self->_dbh->FETCH('AutoCommit') ) {
1508 carp "Storage transaction_depth $self->{transaction_depth} does not match "
1509 ."false AutoCommit of $self->{_dbh}, attempting COMMIT anyway";
1511 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1514 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1515 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1518 $self->throw_exception( 'Refusing to commit without a started transaction' );
1524 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1525 or $self->throw_exception('cannot COMMIT on a disconnected handle');
1531 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1533 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1534 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1536 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1537 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1538 $self->_dbh_rollback;
1540 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1541 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1542 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1543 $self->svp_rollback;
1548 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1552 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1554 if ($_ !~ /$exception_class/) {
1555 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1556 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1559 $self->throw_exception($_)
1565 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1566 or $self->throw_exception('cannot ROLLBACK on a disconnected handle');
1570 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1571 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1572 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1573 sub _prep_for_execute {
1574 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1576 if( blessed $ident && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1577 $ident = $ident->from();
1580 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1583 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1585 return ($sql, \@bind);
1589 sub _fix_bind_params {
1590 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1592 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1593 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1595 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1598 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1599 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1606 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1608 if ( $self->debug ) {
1609 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1611 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1616 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1618 if ( $self->debug ) {
1619 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1620 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1625 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1627 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1629 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1631 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1633 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1635 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1636 my $attributes = {};
1637 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1639 if ($bind_attributes) {
1640 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1641 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1644 foreach my $data (@data) {
1645 my $ref = ref $data;
1647 if ($ref and overload::Method($data, '""') ) {
1650 elsif ($ref eq 'SCALAR') { # any scalarrefs are assumed to be bind_inouts
1651 $sth->bind_param_inout(
1652 $placeholder_index++,
1654 $self->_max_column_bytesize($ident, $column_name),
1660 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index++, $data, $attributes);
1664 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1665 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1666 $self->throw_exception(
1667 $sth->errstr || $sth->err || 'Unknown error: execute() returned false, but error flags were not set...'
1670 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1672 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1677 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_); # retry over disconnects
1680 sub _prefetch_autovalues {
1681 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1683 my $colinfo = $source->columns_info;
1686 for my $col (keys %$colinfo) {
1688 $colinfo->{$col}{auto_nextval}
1691 ! exists $to_insert->{$col}
1693 ref $to_insert->{$col} eq 'SCALAR'
1696 $values{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1698 ( $colinfo->{$col}{sequence} ||=
1699 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->_get_dbh, $source, $col)
1709 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1711 my $prefetched_values = $self->_prefetch_autovalues($source, $to_insert);
1714 $to_insert = { %$to_insert, %$prefetched_values };
1716 # list of primary keys we try to fetch from the database
1717 # both not-exsists and scalarrefs are considered
1719 for ($source->primary_columns) {
1720 $fetch_pks{$_} = scalar keys %fetch_pks # so we can preserve order for prettyness
1721 if ! exists $to_insert->{$_} or ref $to_insert->{$_} eq 'SCALAR';
1724 my ($sqla_opts, @ir_container);
1725 if ($self->_use_insert_returning) {
1727 # retain order as declared in the resultsource
1728 for (sort { $fetch_pks{$a} <=> $fetch_pks{$b} } keys %fetch_pks ) {
1729 push @{$sqla_opts->{returning}}, $_;
1730 $sqla_opts->{returning_container} = \@ir_container
1731 if $self->_use_insert_returning_bound;
1735 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1737 my ($rv, $sth) = $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert, $sqla_opts);
1741 if (my $retlist = $sqla_opts->{returning}) {
1742 @ir_container = try {
1743 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
1744 my @r = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1747 } unless @ir_container;
1749 @returned_cols{@$retlist} = @ir_container if @ir_container;
1752 return { %$prefetched_values, %returned_cols };
1756 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1757 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1758 ## only prepped once.
1760 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1763 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1765 for my $i (0..$#$cols) {
1766 my $first_val = $data->[0][$i];
1767 next unless ref $first_val eq 'SCALAR';
1769 $colvalues{ $cols->[$i] } = $first_val;
1772 # check for bad data and stringify stringifiable objects
1773 my $bad_slice = sub {
1774 my ($msg, $col_idx, $slice_idx) = @_;
1775 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for column '%s' in populate slice:\n%s",
1779 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 1; # don't dump objects, if any
1781 map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$slice_idx][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols)
1787 for my $datum_idx (0..$#$data) {
1788 my $datum = $data->[$datum_idx];
1790 for my $col_idx (0..$#$cols) {
1791 my $val = $datum->[$col_idx];
1792 my $sqla_bind = $colvalues{ $cols->[$col_idx] };
1793 my $is_literal_sql = (ref $sqla_bind) eq 'SCALAR';
1795 if ($is_literal_sql) {
1797 $bad_slice->('bind found where literal SQL expected', $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1799 elsif ((my $reftype = ref $val) ne 'SCALAR') {
1800 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where literal SQL expected",
1801 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1803 elsif ($$val ne $$sqla_bind){
1804 $bad_slice->("inconsistent literal SQL value, expecting: '$$sqla_bind'",
1805 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1808 elsif (my $reftype = ref $val) {
1810 if (overload::Method($val, '""')) {
1811 $datum->[$col_idx] = "".$val;
1814 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where bind expected",
1815 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1821 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute (
1822 'insert', undef, $source, [\%colvalues]
1826 # if the bindlist is empty - make sure all "values" are in fact
1827 # literal scalarrefs. If not the case this means the storage ate
1828 # them away (e.g. the NoBindVars component) and interpolated them
1829 # directly into the SQL. This obviosly can't be good for multi-inserts
1831 $self->throw_exception('Cannot insert_bulk without support for placeholders')
1832 if first { ref $_ ne 'SCALAR' } values %colvalues;
1835 # neither _execute_array, nor _execute_inserts_with_no_binds are
1836 # atomic (even if _execute _array is a single call). Thus a safety
1838 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1840 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind ? [ dummy => '__BULK_INSERT__' ] : () );
1841 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1844 #@bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1845 $self->_execute_array( $source, $sth, $bind, $cols, $data );
1848 # bind_param_array doesn't work if there are no binds
1849 $self->_dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds( $sth, scalar @$data );
1853 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind ? [ dummy => '__BULK_INSERT__' ] : () );
1857 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1860 sub _execute_array {
1861 my ($self, $source, $sth, $bind, $cols, $data, @extra) = @_;
1863 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1864 my $tuple_status = [];
1866 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1867 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1869 ## Bind the values and execute
1870 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1872 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1874 my $attributes = {};
1875 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1877 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1878 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1879 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1882 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1884 $sth->bind_param_array(
1887 (%$attributes ? $attributes : ()),
1889 $placeholder_index++;
1894 $rv = $self->_dbh_execute_array($sth, $tuple_status, @extra);
1900 # Not all DBDs are create equal. Some throw on error, some return
1901 # an undef $rv, and some set $sth->err - try whatever we can
1902 $err = ($sth->errstr || 'UNKNOWN ERROR ($sth->errstr is unset)') if (
1905 ( !defined $rv or $sth->err )
1908 # Statement must finish even if there was an exception.
1913 $err = shift unless defined $err
1918 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
1920 $self->throw_exception("Unexpected populate error: $err")
1921 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
1923 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for populate slice:\n%s",
1924 ($tuple_status->[$i][1] || $err),
1925 Dumper { map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols) },
1932 sub _dbh_execute_array {
1933 my ($self, $sth, $tuple_status, @extra) = @_;
1935 return $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1938 sub _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds {
1939 my ($self, $sth, $count) = @_;
1943 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
1944 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1945 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1947 $sth->execute foreach 1..$count;
1953 # Make sure statement is finished even if there was an exception.
1958 $err = shift unless defined $err;
1961 $self->throw_exception($err) if defined $err;
1967 my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
1969 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1971 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @args);
1976 my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
1978 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1980 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @args);
1983 # We were sent here because the $rs contains a complex search
1984 # which will require a subquery to select the correct rows
1985 # (i.e. joined or limited resultsets, or non-introspectable conditions)
1987 # Generating a single PK column subquery is trivial and supported
1988 # by all RDBMS. However if we have a multicolumn PK, things get ugly.
1989 # Look at _multipk_update_delete()
1990 sub _subq_update_delete {
1992 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1994 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1996 # quick check if we got a sane rs on our hands
1997 my @pcols = $rsrc->_pri_cols;
1999 my $sel = $rs->_resolved_attrs->{select};
2000 $sel = [ $sel ] unless ref $sel eq 'ARRAY';
2003 join ("\x00", map { join '.', $rs->{attrs}{alias}, $_ } sort @pcols)
2005 join ("\x00", sort @$sel )
2007 $self->throw_exception (
2008 '_subq_update_delete can not be called on resultsets selecting columns other than the primary keys'
2015 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
2016 { $pcols[0] => { -in => $rs->as_query } },
2021 return $self->_multipk_update_delete (@_);
2025 # ANSI SQL does not provide a reliable way to perform a multicol-PK
2026 # resultset update/delete involving subqueries. So by default resort
2027 # to simple (and inefficient) delete_all style per-row opearations,
2028 # while allowing specific storages to override this with a faster
2031 sub _multipk_update_delete {
2032 return shift->_per_row_update_delete (@_);
2035 # This is the default loop used to delete/update rows for multi PK
2036 # resultsets, and used by mysql exclusively (because it can't do anything
2039 # We do not use $row->$op style queries, because resultset update/delete
2040 # is not expected to cascade (this is what delete_all/update_all is for).
2042 # There should be no race conditions as the entire operation is rolled
2045 sub _per_row_update_delete {
2047 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
2049 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
2050 my @pcols = $rsrc->_pri_cols;
2052 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
2054 # emulate the return value of $sth->execute for non-selects
2055 my $row_cnt = '0E0';
2057 my $subrs_cur = $rs->cursor;
2058 my @all_pk = $subrs_cur->all;
2059 for my $pks ( @all_pk) {
2062 for my $i (0.. $#pcols) {
2063 $cond->{$pcols[$i]} = $pks->[$i];
2068 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
2082 $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
2085 sub _select_args_to_query {
2088 # my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset)
2089 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
2090 my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, @args) =
2091 $self->_select_args(@_);
2093 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset ]);
2094 my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, \@args);
2095 $prepared_bind ||= [];
2098 ? ($sql, $prepared_bind, $bind_attrs)
2099 : \[ "($sql)", @$prepared_bind ]
2104 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $attrs) = @_;
2106 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
2107 my ($alias2source, $rs_alias) = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
2114 $rs_alias && $alias2source->{$rs_alias}
2115 ? ( _rsroot_rsrc => $alias2source->{$rs_alias} )
2120 # calculate bind_attrs before possible $ident mangling
2121 my $bind_attrs = {};
2122 for my $alias (keys %$alias2source) {
2123 my $bindtypes = $self->source_bind_attributes ($alias2source->{$alias}) || {};
2124 for my $col (keys %$bindtypes) {
2126 my $fqcn = join ('.', $alias, $col);
2127 $bind_attrs->{$fqcn} = $bindtypes->{$col} if $bindtypes->{$col};
2129 # Unqialified column names are nice, but at the same time can be
2130 # rather ambiguous. What we do here is basically go along with
2131 # the loop, adding an unqualified column slot to $bind_attrs,
2132 # alongside the fully qualified name. As soon as we encounter
2133 # another column by that name (which would imply another table)
2134 # we unset the unqualified slot and never add any info to it
2135 # to avoid erroneous type binding. If this happens the users
2136 # only choice will be to fully qualify his column name
2138 if (exists $bind_attrs->{$col}) {
2139 $bind_attrs->{$col} = {};
2142 $bind_attrs->{$col} = $bind_attrs->{$fqcn};
2147 # Sanity check the attributes (SQLMaker does it too, but
2148 # in case of a software_limit we'll never reach there)
2149 if (defined $attrs->{offset}) {
2150 $self->throw_exception('A supplied offset attribute must be a non-negative integer')
2151 if ( $attrs->{offset} =~ /\D/ or $attrs->{offset} < 0 );
2153 $attrs->{offset} ||= 0;
2155 if (defined $attrs->{rows}) {
2156 $self->throw_exception("The rows attribute must be a positive integer if present")
2157 if ( $attrs->{rows} =~ /\D/ or $attrs->{rows} <= 0 );
2159 elsif ($attrs->{offset}) {
2160 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
2161 $attrs->{rows} = $sql_maker->__max_int;
2166 # see if we need to tear the prefetch apart otherwise delegate the limiting to the
2167 # storage, unless software limit was requested
2170 ( $attrs->{rows} && keys %{$attrs->{collapse}} )
2172 # grouped prefetch (to satisfy group_by == select)
2173 ( $attrs->{group_by}
2175 @{$attrs->{group_by}}
2177 $attrs->{_prefetch_selector_range}
2180 ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs)
2181 = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
2183 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
2184 push @limit, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
2187 # try to simplify the joinmap further (prune unreferenced type-single joins)
2188 $ident = $self->_prune_unused_joins ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
2191 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $where
2192 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
2193 # expect a row object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
2194 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
2196 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
2197 # invoked, and that's just bad...
2200 return ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $where, $attrs, @limit);
2203 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
2204 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
2205 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
2206 # sense as a performance optimization
2208 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
2209 return { count => '*' };
2213 sub source_bind_attributes {
2214 my ($self, $source) = @_;
2216 my $bind_attributes;
2218 my $colinfo = $source->columns_info;
2220 for my $col (keys %$colinfo) {
2221 if (my $dt = $colinfo->{$col}{data_type} ) {
2222 $bind_attributes->{$col} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($dt)
2226 return $bind_attributes;
2233 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
2237 Handle a SQL select statement.
2243 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
2244 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
2249 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
2250 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2251 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
2252 if(@row && @nextrow) {
2253 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
2255 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
2260 =head2 sql_limit_dialect
2262 This is an accessor for the default SQL limit dialect used by a particular
2263 storage driver. Can be overriden by supplying an explicit L</limit_dialect>
2264 to L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>. For a list of available limit dialects
2265 see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
2271 =item Arguments: $sql
2275 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
2280 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
2282 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
2283 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
2284 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
2285 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
2287 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
2288 # but apparently that's not true :(
2289 $self->throw_exception(
2292 sprintf( "\$dbh->prepare() of '%s' through %s failed *silently* without "
2293 .'an exception and/or setting $dbh->errstr',
2295 ? substr($sql, 0, 20) . '...'
2298 'DBD::' . $dbh->{Driver}{Name},
2306 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
2307 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql); # retry over disconnects
2310 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
2311 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
2313 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
2317 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
2318 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
2320 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
2322 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
2323 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
2324 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
2325 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
2326 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
2327 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
2329 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
2334 return \%result if !$caught && scalar keys %result;
2338 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
2340 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
2341 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
2343 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
2344 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
2345 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
2347 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
2348 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
2349 $column_info{size} = $2;
2352 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
2356 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
2357 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
2358 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
2360 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
2361 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
2362 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
2363 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
2370 sub columns_info_for {
2371 my ($self, $table) = @_;
2372 $self->_dbh_columns_info_for ($self->_get_dbh, $table);
2375 =head2 last_insert_id
2377 Return the row id of the last insert.
2381 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
2382 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
2384 my $id = try { $dbh->last_insert_id (undef, undef, $source->name, $col) };
2386 return $id if defined $id;
2388 my $class = ref $self;
2389 $self->throw_exception ("No storage specific _dbh_last_insert_id() method implemented in $class, and the generic DBI::last_insert_id() failed");
2392 sub last_insert_id {
2394 $self->_dbh_last_insert_id ($self->_dbh, @_);
2397 =head2 _native_data_type
2401 =item Arguments: $type_name
2405 This API is B<EXPERIMENTAL>, will almost definitely change in the future, and
2406 currently only used by L<::AutoCast|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::AutoCast> and
2407 L<::Sybase::ASE|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Sybase::ASE>.
2409 The default implementation returns C<undef>, implement in your Storage driver if
2410 you need this functionality.
2412 Should map types from other databases to the native RDBMS type, for example
2413 C<VARCHAR2> to C<VARCHAR>.
2415 Types with modifiers should map to the underlying data type. For example,
2416 C<INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT> should become C<INTEGER>.
2418 Composite types should map to the container type, for example
2419 C<ENUM(foo,bar,baz)> becomes C<ENUM>.
2423 sub _native_data_type {
2424 #my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2428 # Check if placeholders are supported at all
2429 sub _determine_supports_placeholders {
2431 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2433 # some drivers provide a $dbh attribute (e.g. Sybase and $dbh->{syb_dynamic_supported})
2434 # but it is inaccurate more often than not
2436 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2437 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2438 $dbh->do('select ?', {}, 1);
2446 # Check if placeholders bound to non-string types throw exceptions
2448 sub _determine_supports_typeless_placeholders {
2450 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2453 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2454 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2455 # this specifically tests a bind that is NOT a string
2456 $dbh->do('select 1 where 1 = ?', {}, 1);
2466 Returns the database driver name.
2471 shift->_get_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
2474 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2476 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2477 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2478 let the database planner just handle it.
2480 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
2484 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2488 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2490 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2491 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2492 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2493 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2494 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2498 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2499 my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2501 return 0 unless $dt;
2503 return $dt =~ /^ (?:
2504 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2509 =head2 create_ddl_dir
2513 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2517 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2518 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2519 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2521 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2522 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2523 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2524 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2526 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2527 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2528 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2529 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2531 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2532 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2533 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2534 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_table_names> and
2535 C<quote_field_names>.
2537 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2541 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2543 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2545 =item directory - './'
2547 =item preversion - <none>
2551 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2553 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2555 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2556 hashref like the following
2558 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2561 WARNING: You are strongly advised to check all SQL files created, before applying
2566 sub create_ddl_dir {
2567 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
2570 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
2575 make_path ("$dir") # make_path does not like objects (i.e. Path::Class::Dir)
2577 $self->throw_exception(
2578 "Failed to create '$dir': " . ($! || $@ || 'error unknow')
2582 $self->throw_exception ("Directory '$dir' does not exist\n") unless(-d $dir);
2584 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
2585 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
2587 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2588 $version ||= $schema_version;
2591 add_drop_table => 1,
2592 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
2593 ignore_index_names => 1,
2597 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy')) {
2598 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
2601 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
2603 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
2604 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
2605 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
2607 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
2609 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
2610 $sqlt->producer($db);
2613 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
2614 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
2615 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
2616 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
2620 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
2622 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
2625 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
2626 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
2629 print $file $output;
2632 next unless ($preversion);
2634 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
2636 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
2637 if(!-e $prefilename) {
2638 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
2642 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
2644 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
2650 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2655 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2657 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
2658 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2660 $source_schema = $t->schema;
2662 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
2663 unless ( $source_schema->name );
2666 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
2667 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
2668 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
2669 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
2671 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
2672 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2677 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2679 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
2680 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2682 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
2684 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
2685 unless $dest_schema->name;
2688 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
2692 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
2693 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
2701 =head2 deployment_statements
2705 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
2709 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
2711 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
2712 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
2714 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
2715 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
2716 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
2718 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
2719 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
2721 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
2725 sub deployment_statements {
2726 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
2727 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
2728 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2730 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
2734 open($file, "<$filename")
2735 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
2738 return join('', @rows);
2741 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy') ) {
2742 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without a ddl_dir or " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
2745 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
2747 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
2748 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
2750 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(
2751 producer => "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}",
2753 parser => 'SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class',
2759 @ret = $tr->translate;
2762 $ret[0] = $tr->translate;
2765 $self->throw_exception( 'Unable to produce deployment statements: ' . $tr->error)
2766 unless (@ret && defined $ret[0]);
2768 return wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
2772 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
2775 return if($line =~ /^--/);
2777 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
2778 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
2779 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
2780 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
2781 $self->_query_start($line);
2783 # do a dbh_do cycle here, as we need some error checking in
2784 # place (even though we will ignore errors)
2785 $self->dbh_do (sub { $_[1]->do($line) });
2787 carp qq{$_ (running "${line}")};
2789 $self->_query_end($line);
2791 my @statements = $schema->deployment_statements($type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
2792 if (@statements > 1) {
2793 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
2794 $deploy->( $statement );
2797 elsif (@statements == 1) {
2798 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
2804 =head2 datetime_parser
2806 Returns the datetime parser class
2810 sub datetime_parser {
2812 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
2813 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
2817 =head2 datetime_parser_type
2819 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
2820 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
2824 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
2826 =head2 build_datetime_parser
2828 See L</datetime_parser>
2832 sub build_datetime_parser {
2834 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
2835 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($type);
2840 =head2 is_replicating
2842 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
2843 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
2844 returned by databases that don't support replication.
2848 sub is_replicating {
2853 =head2 lag_behind_master
2855 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
2856 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
2857 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
2861 sub lag_behind_master {
2865 =head2 relname_to_table_alias
2869 =item Arguments: $relname, $join_count
2873 L<DBIx::Class> uses L<DBIx::Class::Relationship> names as table aliases in
2876 This hook is to allow specific L<DBIx::Class::Storage> drivers to change the
2877 way these aliases are named.
2879 The default behavior is C<< "$relname_$join_count" if $join_count > 1 >>,
2880 otherwise C<"$relname">.
2884 sub relname_to_table_alias {
2885 my ($self, $relname, $join_count) = @_;
2887 my $alias = ($join_count && $join_count > 1 ?
2888 join('_', $relname, $join_count) : $relname);
2893 # The size in bytes to use for DBI's ->bind_param_inout, this is the generic
2894 # version and it may be necessary to amend or override it for a specific storage
2895 # if such binds are necessary.
2896 sub _max_column_bytesize {
2897 my ($self, $source, $col) = @_;
2899 my $inf = $source->column_info($col);
2900 return $inf->{_max_bytesize} ||= do {
2904 if (my $data_type = $inf->{data_type}) {
2905 $data_type = lc($data_type);
2907 # String/sized-binary types
2908 if ($data_type =~ /^(?:l?(?:var)?char(?:acter)?(?:\s*varying)?
2909 |(?:var)?binary(?:\s*varying)?|raw)\b/x
2911 $max_size = $inf->{size};
2913 # Other charset/unicode types, assume scale of 4
2914 elsif ($data_type =~ /^(?:national\s*character(?:\s*varying)?|nchar
2918 $max_size = $inf->{size} * 4 if $inf->{size};
2921 elsif ($self->_is_lob_type($data_type)) {
2922 # default to longreadlen
2925 $max_size = 100; # for all other (numeric?) datatypes
2929 $max_size ||= $self->_get_dbh->{LongReadLen} || 8000;
2933 # Determine if a data_type is some type of BLOB
2935 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2936 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /(?:lob|bfile|text|image|bytea|memo)/i
2937 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s*(?:raw|bit\s*varying|varbit|binary
2938 |varchar|character\s*varying|nvarchar
2939 |national\s*character\s*varying))?$/xi);
2946 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
2948 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
2949 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
2950 (the default) combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
2952 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
2953 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
2954 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
2955 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
2956 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
2957 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
2958 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
2964 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2966 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2970 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.