1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Storage::DBIHacks DBIx::Class::Storage/;
10 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class|^Try::Tiny/;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
13 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
14 use Scalar::Util qw/refaddr weaken reftype blessed/;
15 use Data::Dumper::Concise 'Dumper';
16 use Sub::Name 'subname';
18 use File::Path 'make_path';
22 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
23 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
25 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/sql_maker_class sql_limit_dialect/);
26 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLMaker');
28 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => qw/
29 _connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbic_connect_attributes _driver_determined
30 _dbh _dbh_details _conn_pid _conn_tid _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts
31 transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit savepoints
34 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
35 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
36 my @storage_options = qw/
37 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
38 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
40 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
43 # capability definitions, using a 2-tiered accessor system
46 # A driver/user may define _use_X, which blindly without any checks says:
47 # "(do not) use this capability", (use_dbms_capability is an "inherited"
50 # If _use_X is undef, _supports_X is then queried. This is a "simple" style
51 # accessor, which in turn calls _determine_supports_X, and stores the return
52 # in a special slot on the storage object, which is wiped every time a $dbh
53 # reconnection takes place (it is not guaranteed that upon reconnection we
54 # will get the same rdbms version). _determine_supports_X does not need to
55 # exist on a driver, as we ->can for it before calling.
57 my @capabilities = (qw/insert_returning placeholders typeless_placeholders/);
58 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( dbms_capability => map { "_supports_$_" } @capabilities );
59 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( use_dbms_capability => map { "_use_$_" } @capabilities );
62 # Each of these methods need _determine_driver called before itself
63 # in order to function reliably. This is a purely DRY optimization
65 # get_(use)_dbms_capability need to be called on the correct Storage
66 # class, as _use_X may be hardcoded class-wide, and _supports_X calls
67 # _determine_supports_X which obv. needs a correct driver as well
68 my @rdbms_specific_methods = qw/
82 get_use_dbms_capability
89 for my $meth (@rdbms_specific_methods) {
91 my $orig = __PACKAGE__->can ($meth)
92 or die "$meth is not a ::Storage::DBI method!";
95 no warnings qw/redefine/;
96 *{__PACKAGE__ ."::$meth"} = subname $meth => sub {
97 if (not $_[0]->_driver_determined and not $_[0]->{_in_determine_driver}) {
98 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
100 # This for some reason crashes and burns on perl 5.8.1
101 # IFF the method ends up throwing an exception
102 #goto $_[0]->can ($meth);
104 my $cref = $_[0]->can ($meth);
114 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
118 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
120 $schema->storage->debug(1);
122 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
124 my ($storage, $dbh, @args) = @_;
125 $dbh->do("DROP TABLE authors");
130 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
131 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser->format_datetime(DateTime->now)
136 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
137 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
138 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
145 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
147 $new->transaction_depth(0);
148 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
149 $new->_dbh_details({});
150 $new->{savepoints} = [];
151 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
152 $new->{_dbh_gen} = 0;
154 # read below to see what this does
155 $new->_arm_global_destructor;
160 # This is hack to work around perl shooting stuff in random
161 # order on exit(). If we do not walk the remaining storage
162 # objects in an END block, there is a *small but real* chance
163 # of a fork()ed child to kill the parent's shared DBI handle,
164 # *before perl reaches the DESTROY in this package*
165 # Yes, it is ugly and effective.
167 my %seek_and_destroy;
169 sub _arm_global_destructor {
171 my $key = Scalar::Util::refaddr ($self);
172 $seek_and_destroy{$key} = $self;
173 Scalar::Util::weaken ($seek_and_destroy{$key});
177 local $?; # just in case the DBI destructor changes it somehow
179 # destroy just the object if not native to this process/thread
180 $_->_preserve_foreign_dbh for (grep
182 values %seek_and_destroy
190 # some databases spew warnings on implicit disconnect
191 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
195 sub _preserve_foreign_dbh {
198 return unless $self->_dbh;
202 return unless $self->_dbh;
208 # handle pid changes correctly - do not destroy parent's connection
212 return if ( defined $self->_conn_pid and $self->_conn_pid == $$ );
214 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
221 # very similar to above, but seems to FAIL if I set InactiveDestroy
225 if ( ! defined $self->_conn_tid ) {
228 elsif ( $self->_conn_tid == threads->tid ) {
229 return; # same thread
232 #$self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1; # why does t/51threads.t fail...?
242 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
243 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
245 The argument list may contain:
251 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
252 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
253 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
254 recognized by DBIx::Class:
256 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
260 A single code reference which returns a connected
261 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
262 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
265 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
269 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
272 $connect_info_args = [{
280 $connect_info_args = [{
281 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect (...) },
286 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
287 following config (L<Config::General> style):
292 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
299 The C<dsn>/C<user>/C<password> combination can be substituted by the
300 C<dbh_maker> key whose value is a coderef that returns a connected
301 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
305 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
306 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
307 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
308 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
309 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
310 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
312 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
314 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
315 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
316 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
317 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a separate hashref
318 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
320 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
321 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
322 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
329 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
330 the database. Its value may contain:
336 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
338 =item an array reference
340 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
341 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
343 =item a code reference
345 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
346 array reference, its return value is ignored.
350 =item on_disconnect_do
352 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
353 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
355 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
358 =item on_connect_call
360 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
361 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
363 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
367 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
369 Its values may contain:
375 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
377 =item a code reference
379 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
381 =item an array reference
383 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
385 =item an array of arrays
387 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
388 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
392 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
398 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
399 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
407 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
411 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
412 attributes hashref and bind values.
414 =item a code reference
416 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
423 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
424 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
425 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
427 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
428 implementation details.
432 =item on_disconnect_call
434 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
435 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
437 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
438 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
440 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
443 =item disable_sth_caching
445 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
446 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
450 Sets a specific SQL::Abstract::Limit-style limit dialect, overriding the
451 default L</sql_limit_dialect> setting of the storage (if any). For a list
452 of available limit dialects see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
456 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
457 you use this you will want to specify L</name_sep> as well.
459 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
460 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
461 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
463 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
464 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
468 This only needs to be used in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
469 specify the character that separates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
470 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
472 The consequences of not supplying this value is that L<SQL::Abstract>
473 will assume DBIx::Class' uses of aliases to be complete column
474 names. The output will look like I<"me.name"> when it should actually
479 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
480 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
481 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
482 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
484 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
485 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
486 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
487 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
489 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
490 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
491 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
495 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
496 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
497 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
501 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
502 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
506 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
507 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
509 # Simple SQLite connection
510 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
513 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
515 # Connect via subref in hashref
517 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect(...) },
518 on_connect_do => 'alter session ...',
521 # A bit more complicated
528 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
532 # Equivalent to the previous example
538 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
542 # Same, but with hashref as argument
543 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
546 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
548 password => 'my_pg_password',
555 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
558 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
562 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
563 disable_sth_caching => 1,
573 my ($self, $info) = @_;
575 return $self->_connect_info if !$info;
577 $self->_connect_info($info); # copy for _connect_info
579 $info = $self->_normalize_connect_info($info)
580 if ref $info eq 'ARRAY';
582 for my $storage_opt (keys %{ $info->{storage_options} }) {
583 my $value = $info->{storage_options}{$storage_opt};
585 $self->$storage_opt($value);
588 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
589 # the new set of options
590 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
591 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
593 for my $sql_maker_opt (keys %{ $info->{sql_maker_options} }) {
594 my $value = $info->{sql_maker_options}{$sql_maker_opt};
596 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $value;
600 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
601 %{ $info->{attributes} || {} },
604 my @args = @{ $info->{arguments} };
606 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args,
607 %attrs && !(ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') ? \%attrs : ()]);
610 # save attributes them in a separate accessor so they are always
611 # introspectable, even in case of a CODE $dbhmaker
612 $self->_dbic_connect_attributes (\%attrs);
614 return $self->_connect_info;
617 sub _normalize_connect_info {
618 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
621 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
623 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
626 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
627 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
630 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
631 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
633 if (my $code = delete $attrs{dbh_maker}) {
636 my @ignored = grep { delete $attrs{$_} } (qw/dsn user password/);
639 'Attribute(s) %s in connect_info were ignored, as they can not be applied '
640 . "to the result of 'dbh_maker'",
642 join (', ', map { "'$_'" } (@ignored) ),
647 @args = delete @attrs{qw/dsn user password/};
650 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
652 % { $args[3] || {} },
653 % { $args[4] || {} },
655 @args = @args[0,1,2];
658 $info{arguments} = \@args;
660 my @storage_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
661 @storage_options, 'cursor_class';
663 @{ $info{storage_options} }{@storage_opts} =
664 delete @attrs{@storage_opts} if @storage_opts;
666 my @sql_maker_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
667 qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/;
669 @{ $info{sql_maker_options} }{@sql_maker_opts} =
670 delete @attrs{@sql_maker_opts} if @sql_maker_opts;
672 $info{attributes} = \%attrs if %attrs;
677 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes {
687 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
691 =head2 on_disconnect_do
693 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
697 sub _parse_connect_do {
698 my ($self, $type) = @_;
700 my $val = $self->$type;
701 return () if not defined $val;
706 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
707 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
709 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
710 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
712 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
720 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
722 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
723 connection management.
725 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
726 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
727 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
729 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
730 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
732 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
733 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
734 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
738 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
740 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
741 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
742 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
753 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
755 return $self->$code($dbh, @_)
756 if ( $self->{_in_dbh_do} || $self->{transaction_depth} );
758 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
760 # take a ref instead of a copy, to preserve coderef @_ aliasing semantics
763 $self->$code ($dbh, @$args);
765 $self->throw_exception($_) if $self->connected;
767 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
768 # exception fall right through this time
769 carp "Retrying $code after catching disconnected exception: $_"
770 if $ENV{DBIC_DBIRETRY_DEBUG};
772 $self->_populate_dbh;
773 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @$args);
777 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
778 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
779 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
784 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
785 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
787 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
789 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
792 my $want_array = wantarray;
798 # take a ref instead of a copy, to preserve coderef @_ aliasing semantics
804 @result = $coderef->(@$args);
806 elsif(defined $want_array) {
807 $result[0] = $coderef->(@$args);
817 if(! defined $exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
819 if($tried++ || $self->connected) {
820 my $rollback_exception;
821 try { $self->txn_rollback } catch { $rollback_exception = shift };
822 if(defined $rollback_exception) {
823 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
824 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
825 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
827 $self->throw_exception(
828 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
829 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
832 $self->throw_exception($exception)
835 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
837 carp "Retrying $coderef after catching disconnected exception: $exception"
838 if $ENV{DBIC_TXNRETRY_DEBUG};
839 $self->_populate_dbh;
845 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
846 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
856 push @actions, ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () );
857 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do');
859 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
861 $self->_dbh_rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
863 %{ $self->_dbh->{CachedKids} } = ();
864 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
870 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
874 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
876 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
880 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
881 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
885 # Storage subclasses should override this
886 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
887 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
895 =item Arguments: none
897 =item Return Value: 1|0
901 Verifies that the current database handle is active and ready to execute
902 an SQL statement (e.g. the connection did not get stale, server is still
903 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
909 return 0 unless $self->_seems_connected;
912 local $self->_dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
917 sub _seems_connected {
920 $self->_preserve_foreign_dbh;
922 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
925 return $dbh->FETCH('Active');
931 my $dbh = $self->_dbh or return 0;
936 sub ensure_connected {
939 unless ($self->connected) {
940 $self->_populate_dbh;
946 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
947 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
948 necessary performing a reconnection before returning. Keep in mind that this
949 is very B<expensive> on some database engines. Consider using L</dbh_do>
957 if (not $self->_dbh) {
958 $self->_populate_dbh;
960 $self->ensure_connected;
965 # this is the internal "get dbh or connect (don't check)" method
968 $self->_preserve_foreign_dbh;
969 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
975 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
976 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
977 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($sql_maker_class);
979 my %opts = %{$self->_sql_maker_opts||{}};
983 $self->sql_limit_dialect
986 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
988 "Your storage class ($s_class) does not set sql_limit_dialect and you "
989 . 'have not supplied an explicit limit_dialect in your connection_info. '
990 . 'DBIC will attempt to use the GenericSubQ dialect, which works on most '
991 . 'databases but can be (and often is) painfully slow.'
998 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new(
1000 array_datatypes => 1,
1001 limit_dialect => $dialect,
1005 return $self->_sql_maker;
1008 # nothing to do by default
1015 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
1016 $self->_dbh(undef); # in case ->connected failed we might get sent here
1017 $self->_dbh_details({}); # reset everything we know
1019 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
1021 $self->_conn_pid($$);
1022 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
1024 $self->_determine_driver;
1026 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
1027 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
1028 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1030 $self->_run_connection_actions unless $self->{_in_determine_driver};
1033 sub _run_connection_actions {
1037 push @actions, ( $self->on_connect_call || () );
1038 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do');
1040 $self->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
1045 sub set_use_dbms_capability {
1046 $_[0]->set_inherited ($_[1], $_[2]);
1049 sub get_use_dbms_capability {
1050 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1052 my $use = $self->get_inherited ($capname);
1055 : do { $capname =~ s/^_use_/_supports_/; $self->get_dbms_capability ($capname) }
1059 sub set_dbms_capability {
1060 $_[0]->_dbh_details->{capability}{$_[1]} = $_[2];
1063 sub get_dbms_capability {
1064 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1066 my $cap = $self->_dbh_details->{capability}{$capname};
1068 unless (defined $cap) {
1069 if (my $meth = $self->can ("_determine$capname")) {
1070 $cap = $self->$meth ? 1 : 0;
1076 $self->set_dbms_capability ($capname, $cap);
1086 unless ($info = $self->_dbh_details->{info}) {
1090 my $server_version = try { $self->_get_server_version };
1092 if (defined $server_version) {
1093 $info->{dbms_version} = $server_version;
1095 my ($numeric_version) = $server_version =~ /^([\d\.]+)/;
1096 my @verparts = split (/\./, $numeric_version);
1102 # consider only up to 3 version parts, iff not more than 3 digits
1104 while (@verparts && @use_parts < 3) {
1105 my $p = shift @verparts;
1107 push @use_parts, $p;
1109 push @use_parts, 0 while @use_parts < 3;
1111 $info->{normalized_dbms_version} = sprintf "%d.%03d%03d", @use_parts;
1115 $self->_dbh_details->{info} = $info;
1121 sub _get_server_version {
1122 shift->_get_dbh->get_info(18);
1125 sub _determine_driver {
1128 if ((not $self->_driver_determined) && (not $self->{_in_determine_driver})) {
1129 my $started_connected = 0;
1130 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1;
1132 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
1134 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
1135 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1136 $started_connected = 1;
1138 # if connect_info is a CODEREF, we have no choice but to connect
1139 if (ref $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] &&
1140 reftype $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] eq 'CODE') {
1141 $self->_populate_dbh;
1142 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1145 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
1146 # force a connection in _rebless to determine version
1147 # (dsn may not be supplied at all if all we do is make a mock-schema)
1148 my $dsn = $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] || $ENV{DBI_DSN} || '';
1149 ($driver) = $dsn =~ /dbi:([^:]+):/i;
1150 $driver ||= $ENV{DBI_DRIVER};
1155 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
1156 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
1157 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3');
1158 bless $self, $storage_class;
1164 $self->_driver_determined(1);
1166 $self->_init; # run driver-specific initializations
1168 $self->_run_connection_actions
1169 if !$started_connected && defined $self->_dbh;
1173 sub _do_connection_actions {
1175 my $method_prefix = shift;
1178 if (not ref($call)) {
1179 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
1181 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
1183 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
1184 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
1185 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
1187 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
1190 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
1196 sub connect_call_do_sql {
1198 $self->_do_query(@_);
1201 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
1203 $self->_do_query(@_);
1206 # override in db-specific backend when necessary
1207 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
1210 my ($self, $action) = @_;
1212 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
1213 $action = $action->($self);
1214 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
1217 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
1218 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
1219 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
1220 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
1221 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
1222 my $sql = shift @do_args;
1223 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
1224 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
1226 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
1227 $self->_get_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
1228 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
1235 my ($self, @info) = @_;
1237 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
1240 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
1242 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
1243 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
1244 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
1248 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
1249 $dbh = $info[0]->();
1252 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
1259 unless ($self->unsafe) {
1261 # this odd anonymous coderef dereference is in fact really
1262 # necessary to avoid the unwanted effect described in perl5
1265 my $weak_self = $_[0];
1268 $_[1]->{HandleError} = sub {
1270 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1273 # the handler may be invoked by something totally out of
1275 croak ("DBI Exception (unhandled by DBIC, ::Schema GCed): $_[0]");
1280 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
1281 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1282 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1286 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: $_")
1289 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
1292 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1297 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1299 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
1300 unless defined $name;
1302 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1303 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1305 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1306 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
1308 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
1310 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
1312 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
1316 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1318 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1319 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1321 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1322 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
1324 if (defined $name) {
1325 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
1326 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1328 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1329 # the stack up to date.
1332 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
1334 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1337 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
1339 return $self->_svp_release($name);
1343 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1345 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1346 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1348 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1349 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
1351 if (defined $name) {
1352 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
1353 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1354 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
1357 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1358 # the stack up to date.
1359 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1360 last if($s eq $name);
1362 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
1363 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
1364 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
1366 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
1367 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
1370 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
1372 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
1375 sub _svp_generate_name {
1378 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
1384 # this means we have not yet connected and do not know the AC status
1385 # (e.g. coderef $dbh)
1386 $self->ensure_connected if (! defined $self->_dbh_autocommit);
1388 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
1389 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
1391 $self->_dbh_begin_work;
1393 elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1396 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1399 sub _dbh_begin_work {
1402 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for him, otherwise we need to
1403 # ensure that the $dbh is healthy on BEGIN.
1404 # We do this via ->dbh_do instead of ->dbh, so that the ->dbh "ping"
1405 # will be replaced by a failure of begin_work itself (which will be
1406 # then retried on reconnect)
1407 if ($self->{_in_dbh_do}) {
1408 $self->_dbh->begin_work;
1410 $self->dbh_do(sub { $_[1]->begin_work });
1416 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1417 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1420 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1421 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1423 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1424 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1426 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1432 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1433 or $self->throw_exception('cannot COMMIT on a disconnected handle');
1439 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1441 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1442 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1444 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1445 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1446 $self->_dbh_rollback;
1448 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1449 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1450 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1451 $self->svp_rollback;
1456 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1460 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1462 if ($_ !~ /$exception_class/) {
1463 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1464 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1467 $self->throw_exception($_)
1473 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1474 or $self->throw_exception('cannot ROLLBACK on a disconnected handle');
1478 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1479 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1480 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1481 sub _prep_for_execute {
1482 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1484 if( blessed $ident && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1485 $ident = $ident->from();
1488 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1491 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1493 return ($sql, \@bind);
1497 sub _fix_bind_params {
1498 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1500 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1501 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1503 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1506 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1507 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1514 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1516 if ( $self->debug ) {
1517 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1519 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1524 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1526 if ( $self->debug ) {
1527 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1528 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1533 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1535 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1537 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1539 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1541 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1543 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1544 my $attributes = {};
1545 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1547 if ($bind_attributes) {
1548 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1549 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1552 foreach my $data (@data) {
1553 my $ref = ref $data;
1554 $data = $ref && $ref ne 'ARRAY' ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args (except arrayrefs)
1556 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
1557 $placeholder_index++;
1561 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1562 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1563 $self->throw_exception(
1564 $sth->errstr || $sth->err || 'Unknown error: execute() returned false, but error flags were not set...'
1567 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1569 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1574 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_); # retry over disconnects
1577 sub _prefetch_insert_auto_nextvals {
1578 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1582 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1583 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1584 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1586 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1587 $upd->{$col} = $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1589 $col_info->{sequence} ||=
1590 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->_get_dbh, $source, $col)
1601 my ($source, $to_insert, $opts) = @_;
1603 my $updated_cols = $self->_prefetch_insert_auto_nextvals (@_);
1605 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1607 my ($rv, $sth) = $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert, $opts);
1609 if ($opts->{returning}) {
1610 my @ret_cols = @{$opts->{returning}};
1612 my @ret_vals = try {
1613 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
1614 my @r = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1620 @ret{@ret_cols} = @ret_vals if (@ret_vals);
1628 return $updated_cols;
1631 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1632 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1633 ## only prepped once.
1635 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1638 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1640 for my $i (0..$#$cols) {
1641 my $first_val = $data->[0][$i];
1642 next unless ref $first_val eq 'SCALAR';
1644 $colvalues{ $cols->[$i] } = $first_val;
1647 # check for bad data and stringify stringifiable objects
1648 my $bad_slice = sub {
1649 my ($msg, $col_idx, $slice_idx) = @_;
1650 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for column '%s' in populate slice:\n%s",
1654 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 1; # don't dump objects, if any
1656 map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$slice_idx][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols)
1662 for my $datum_idx (0..$#$data) {
1663 my $datum = $data->[$datum_idx];
1665 for my $col_idx (0..$#$cols) {
1666 my $val = $datum->[$col_idx];
1667 my $sqla_bind = $colvalues{ $cols->[$col_idx] };
1668 my $is_literal_sql = (ref $sqla_bind) eq 'SCALAR';
1670 if ($is_literal_sql) {
1672 $bad_slice->('bind found where literal SQL expected', $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1674 elsif ((my $reftype = ref $val) ne 'SCALAR') {
1675 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where literal SQL expected",
1676 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1678 elsif ($$val ne $$sqla_bind){
1679 $bad_slice->("inconsistent literal SQL value, expecting: '$$sqla_bind'",
1680 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1683 elsif (my $reftype = ref $val) {
1685 if (overload::Method($val, '""')) {
1686 $datum->[$col_idx] = "".$val;
1689 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where bind expected",
1690 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1696 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute (
1697 'insert', undef, $source, [\%colvalues]
1701 my $empty_bind = 1 if (not @bind) &&
1702 (grep { ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' } values %colvalues) == @$cols;
1704 if ((not @bind) && (not $empty_bind)) {
1705 $self->throw_exception(
1706 'Cannot insert_bulk without support for placeholders'
1710 # neither _execute_array, nor _execute_inserts_with_no_binds are
1711 # atomic (even if _execute _array is a single call). Thus a safety
1713 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1715 $self->_query_start( $sql, [ dummy => '__BULK_INSERT__' ] );
1716 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1719 # bind_param_array doesn't work if there are no binds
1720 $self->_dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds( $sth, scalar @$data );
1723 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1724 $self->_execute_array( $source, $sth, \@bind, $cols, $data );
1728 $self->_query_end( $sql, [ dummy => '__BULK_INSERT__' ] );
1732 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1735 sub _execute_array {
1736 my ($self, $source, $sth, $bind, $cols, $data, @extra) = @_;
1738 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1739 my $tuple_status = [];
1741 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1742 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1744 ## Bind the values and execute
1745 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1747 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1749 my $attributes = {};
1750 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1752 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1753 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1754 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1757 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1759 $sth->bind_param_array(
1762 (%$attributes ? $attributes : ()),
1764 $placeholder_index++;
1769 $rv = $self->_dbh_execute_array($sth, $tuple_status, @extra);
1775 # Statement must finish even if there was an exception.
1780 $err = shift unless defined $err
1784 if (! defined $err and $sth->err);
1788 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
1790 $self->throw_exception("Unexpected populate error: $err")
1791 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
1793 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for populate slice:\n%s",
1794 ($tuple_status->[$i][1] || $err),
1795 Dumper { map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols) },
1802 sub _dbh_execute_array {
1803 my ($self, $sth, $tuple_status, @extra) = @_;
1805 return $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1808 sub _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds {
1809 my ($self, $sth, $count) = @_;
1813 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
1814 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1815 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1817 $sth->execute foreach 1..$count;
1823 # Make sure statement is finished even if there was an exception.
1828 $err = shift unless defined $err;
1832 $self->throw_exception($err) if defined $err;
1838 my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
1840 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1842 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @args);
1847 my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
1849 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1851 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @args);
1854 # We were sent here because the $rs contains a complex search
1855 # which will require a subquery to select the correct rows
1856 # (i.e. joined or limited resultsets, or non-introspectable conditions)
1858 # Generating a single PK column subquery is trivial and supported
1859 # by all RDBMS. However if we have a multicolumn PK, things get ugly.
1860 # Look at _multipk_update_delete()
1861 sub _subq_update_delete {
1863 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1865 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1867 # quick check if we got a sane rs on our hands
1868 my @pcols = $rsrc->_pri_cols;
1870 my $sel = $rs->_resolved_attrs->{select};
1871 $sel = [ $sel ] unless ref $sel eq 'ARRAY';
1874 join ("\x00", map { join '.', $rs->{attrs}{alias}, $_ } sort @pcols)
1876 join ("\x00", sort @$sel )
1878 $self->throw_exception (
1879 '_subq_update_delete can not be called on resultsets selecting columns other than the primary keys'
1886 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1887 { $pcols[0] => { -in => $rs->as_query } },
1892 return $self->_multipk_update_delete (@_);
1896 # ANSI SQL does not provide a reliable way to perform a multicol-PK
1897 # resultset update/delete involving subqueries. So by default resort
1898 # to simple (and inefficient) delete_all style per-row opearations,
1899 # while allowing specific storages to override this with a faster
1902 sub _multipk_update_delete {
1903 return shift->_per_row_update_delete (@_);
1906 # This is the default loop used to delete/update rows for multi PK
1907 # resultsets, and used by mysql exclusively (because it can't do anything
1910 # We do not use $row->$op style queries, because resultset update/delete
1911 # is not expected to cascade (this is what delete_all/update_all is for).
1913 # There should be no race conditions as the entire operation is rolled
1916 sub _per_row_update_delete {
1918 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1920 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1921 my @pcols = $rsrc->_pri_cols;
1923 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1925 # emulate the return value of $sth->execute for non-selects
1926 my $row_cnt = '0E0';
1928 my $subrs_cur = $rs->cursor;
1929 my @all_pk = $subrs_cur->all;
1930 for my $pks ( @all_pk) {
1933 for my $i (0.. $#pcols) {
1934 $cond->{$pcols[$i]} = $pks->[$i];
1939 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1953 $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
1956 sub _select_args_to_query {
1959 # my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset)
1960 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
1961 my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, @args) =
1962 $self->_select_args(@_);
1964 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset ]);
1965 my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, \@args);
1966 $prepared_bind ||= [];
1969 ? ($sql, $prepared_bind, $bind_attrs)
1970 : \[ "($sql)", @$prepared_bind ]
1975 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $attrs) = @_;
1977 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1978 my ($alias2source, $rs_alias) = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
1985 $rs_alias && $alias2source->{$rs_alias}
1986 ? ( _rsroot_source_handle => $alias2source->{$rs_alias}->handle )
1991 # calculate bind_attrs before possible $ident mangling
1992 my $bind_attrs = {};
1993 for my $alias (keys %$alias2source) {
1994 my $bindtypes = $self->source_bind_attributes ($alias2source->{$alias}) || {};
1995 for my $col (keys %$bindtypes) {
1997 my $fqcn = join ('.', $alias, $col);
1998 $bind_attrs->{$fqcn} = $bindtypes->{$col} if $bindtypes->{$col};
2000 # Unqialified column names are nice, but at the same time can be
2001 # rather ambiguous. What we do here is basically go along with
2002 # the loop, adding an unqualified column slot to $bind_attrs,
2003 # alongside the fully qualified name. As soon as we encounter
2004 # another column by that name (which would imply another table)
2005 # we unset the unqualified slot and never add any info to it
2006 # to avoid erroneous type binding. If this happens the users
2007 # only choice will be to fully qualify his column name
2009 if (exists $bind_attrs->{$col}) {
2010 $bind_attrs->{$col} = {};
2013 $bind_attrs->{$col} = $bind_attrs->{$fqcn};
2018 # Sanity check the attributes (SQLMaker does it too, but
2019 # in case of a software_limit we'll never reach there)
2020 if (defined $attrs->{offset}) {
2021 $self->throw_exception('A supplied offset attribute must be a non-negative integer')
2022 if ( $attrs->{offset} =~ /\D/ or $attrs->{offset} < 0 );
2024 $attrs->{offset} ||= 0;
2026 if (defined $attrs->{rows}) {
2027 $self->throw_exception("The rows attribute must be a positive integer if present")
2028 if ( $attrs->{rows} =~ /\D/ or $attrs->{rows} <= 0 );
2030 elsif ($attrs->{offset}) {
2031 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
2032 $attrs->{rows} = $sql_maker->__max_int;
2037 # see if we need to tear the prefetch apart otherwise delegate the limiting to the
2038 # storage, unless software limit was requested
2041 ( $attrs->{rows} && keys %{$attrs->{collapse}} )
2043 # grouped prefetch (to satisfy group_by == select)
2044 ( $attrs->{group_by}
2046 @{$attrs->{group_by}}
2048 $attrs->{_prefetch_select}
2050 @{$attrs->{_prefetch_select}}
2053 ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs)
2054 = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
2056 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
2057 push @limit, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
2060 # try to simplify the joinmap further (prune unreferenced type-single joins)
2061 $ident = $self->_prune_unused_joins ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
2064 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $where
2065 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
2066 # expect a row object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
2067 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
2069 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
2070 # invoked, and that's just bad...
2073 return ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $where, $attrs, @limit);
2076 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
2077 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
2078 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
2079 # sense as a performance optimization
2081 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
2082 return { count => '*' };
2086 sub source_bind_attributes {
2087 my ($self, $source) = @_;
2089 my $bind_attributes;
2090 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
2092 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
2093 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
2097 return $bind_attributes;
2104 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
2108 Handle a SQL select statement.
2114 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
2115 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
2120 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
2121 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2122 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
2123 if(@row && @nextrow) {
2124 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
2126 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
2131 =head2 sql_limit_dialect
2133 This is an accessor for the default SQL limit dialect used by a particular
2134 storage driver. Can be overriden by supplying an explicit L</limit_dialect>
2135 to L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>. For a list of available limit dialects
2136 see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
2142 =item Arguments: $sql
2146 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
2151 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
2153 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
2154 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
2155 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
2156 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
2158 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
2159 # but apparently that's not true :(
2160 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
2166 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
2167 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql); # retry over disconnects
2170 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
2171 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
2173 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
2177 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
2178 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
2180 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
2182 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
2183 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
2184 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
2185 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
2186 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
2187 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
2189 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
2194 return \%result if !$caught && scalar keys %result;
2198 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
2200 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
2201 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
2203 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
2204 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
2205 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
2207 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
2208 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
2209 $column_info{size} = $2;
2212 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
2216 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
2217 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
2218 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
2220 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
2221 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
2222 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
2223 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
2230 sub columns_info_for {
2231 my ($self, $table) = @_;
2232 $self->_dbh_columns_info_for ($self->_get_dbh, $table);
2235 =head2 last_insert_id
2237 Return the row id of the last insert.
2241 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
2242 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
2244 my $id = try { $dbh->last_insert_id (undef, undef, $source->name, $col) };
2246 return $id if defined $id;
2248 my $class = ref $self;
2249 $self->throw_exception ("No storage specific _dbh_last_insert_id() method implemented in $class, and the generic DBI::last_insert_id() failed");
2252 sub last_insert_id {
2254 $self->_dbh_last_insert_id ($self->_dbh, @_);
2257 =head2 _native_data_type
2261 =item Arguments: $type_name
2265 This API is B<EXPERIMENTAL>, will almost definitely change in the future, and
2266 currently only used by L<::AutoCast|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::AutoCast> and
2267 L<::Sybase::ASE|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Sybase::ASE>.
2269 The default implementation returns C<undef>, implement in your Storage driver if
2270 you need this functionality.
2272 Should map types from other databases to the native RDBMS type, for example
2273 C<VARCHAR2> to C<VARCHAR>.
2275 Types with modifiers should map to the underlying data type. For example,
2276 C<INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT> should become C<INTEGER>.
2278 Composite types should map to the container type, for example
2279 C<ENUM(foo,bar,baz)> becomes C<ENUM>.
2283 sub _native_data_type {
2284 #my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2288 # Check if placeholders are supported at all
2289 sub _determine_supports_placeholders {
2291 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2293 # some drivers provide a $dbh attribute (e.g. Sybase and $dbh->{syb_dynamic_supported})
2294 # but it is inaccurate more often than not
2296 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2297 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2298 $dbh->do('select ?', {}, 1);
2306 # Check if placeholders bound to non-string types throw exceptions
2308 sub _determine_supports_typeless_placeholders {
2310 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2313 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2314 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2315 # this specifically tests a bind that is NOT a string
2316 $dbh->do('select 1 where 1 = ?', {}, 1);
2326 Returns the database driver name.
2331 shift->_get_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
2334 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2336 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2337 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2338 let the database planner just handle it.
2340 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
2344 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2348 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2350 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2351 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2352 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2353 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2354 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2358 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2359 my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2361 return 0 unless $dt;
2363 return $dt =~ /^ (?:
2364 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2369 =head2 create_ddl_dir
2373 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2377 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2378 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2379 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2381 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2382 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2383 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2384 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2386 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2387 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2388 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2389 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2391 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2392 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2393 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2394 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_table_names> and
2395 C<quote_field_names>.
2397 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2401 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2403 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2405 =item directory - './'
2407 =item preversion - <none>
2411 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2413 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2415 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2416 hashref like the following
2418 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2421 WARNING: You are strongly advised to check all SQL files created, before applying
2426 sub create_ddl_dir {
2427 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
2430 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
2435 make_path ("$dir") # make_path does not like objects (i.e. Path::Class::Dir)
2437 $self->throw_exception(
2438 "Failed to create '$dir': " . ($! || $@ || 'error unknow')
2442 $self->throw_exception ("Directory '$dir' does not exist\n") unless(-d $dir);
2444 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
2445 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
2447 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2448 $version ||= $schema_version;
2451 add_drop_table => 1,
2452 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
2453 ignore_index_names => 1,
2457 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy')) {
2458 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
2461 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
2463 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
2464 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
2465 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
2467 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
2469 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
2470 $sqlt->producer($db);
2473 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
2474 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
2475 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
2476 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
2480 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
2482 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
2485 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
2486 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
2489 print $file $output;
2492 next unless ($preversion);
2494 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
2496 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
2497 if(!-e $prefilename) {
2498 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
2502 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
2504 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
2510 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2515 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2517 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
2518 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2520 $source_schema = $t->schema;
2522 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
2523 unless ( $source_schema->name );
2526 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
2527 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
2528 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
2529 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
2531 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
2532 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2537 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2539 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
2540 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2542 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
2544 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
2545 unless $dest_schema->name;
2548 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
2552 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
2553 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
2561 =head2 deployment_statements
2565 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
2569 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
2571 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
2572 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
2574 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
2575 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
2576 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
2578 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
2579 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
2581 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
2585 sub deployment_statements {
2586 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
2587 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
2588 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2590 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
2594 open($file, "<$filename")
2595 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
2598 return join('', @rows);
2601 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy') ) {
2602 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without a ddl_dir or " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
2605 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
2607 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
2608 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
2610 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(
2611 producer => "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}",
2613 parser => 'SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class',
2620 @ret = $tr->translate;
2623 $ret[0] = $tr->translate;
2626 $self->throw_exception( 'Unable to produce deployment statements: ' . $tr->error)
2627 unless (@ret && defined $ret[0]);
2629 return $wa ? @ret : $ret[0];
2633 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
2636 return if($line =~ /^--/);
2638 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
2639 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
2640 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
2641 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
2642 $self->_query_start($line);
2644 # do a dbh_do cycle here, as we need some error checking in
2645 # place (even though we will ignore errors)
2646 $self->dbh_do (sub { $_[1]->do($line) });
2648 carp qq{$_ (running "${line}")};
2650 $self->_query_end($line);
2652 my @statements = $schema->deployment_statements($type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
2653 if (@statements > 1) {
2654 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
2655 $deploy->( $statement );
2658 elsif (@statements == 1) {
2659 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
2665 =head2 datetime_parser
2667 Returns the datetime parser class
2671 sub datetime_parser {
2673 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
2674 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
2678 =head2 datetime_parser_type
2680 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
2681 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
2685 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
2687 =head2 build_datetime_parser
2689 See L</datetime_parser>
2693 sub build_datetime_parser {
2695 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
2696 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($type);
2701 =head2 is_replicating
2703 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
2704 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
2705 returned by databases that don't support replication.
2709 sub is_replicating {
2714 =head2 lag_behind_master
2716 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
2717 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
2718 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
2722 sub lag_behind_master {
2726 =head2 relname_to_table_alias
2730 =item Arguments: $relname, $join_count
2734 L<DBIx::Class> uses L<DBIx::Class::Relationship> names as table aliases in
2737 This hook is to allow specific L<DBIx::Class::Storage> drivers to change the
2738 way these aliases are named.
2740 The default behavior is C<< "$relname_$join_count" if $join_count > 1 >>,
2741 otherwise C<"$relname">.
2745 sub relname_to_table_alias {
2746 my ($self, $relname, $join_count) = @_;
2748 my $alias = ($join_count && $join_count > 1 ?
2749 join('_', $relname, $join_count) : $relname);
2758 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
2760 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
2761 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
2762 (the default) combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
2764 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
2765 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
2766 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
2767 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
2768 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
2769 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
2770 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
2776 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2778 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2782 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.