1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
4 use base 'DBIx::Class::Storage';
8 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
10 use SQL::Abstract::Limit;
11 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
13 use Scalar::Util qw/blessed weaken/;
15 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
16 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts
17 _conn_pid _conn_tid disable_sth_caching on_connect_do
18 on_disconnect_do transaction_depth unsafe _dbh_autocommit
19 auto_savepoint savepoints/
22 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
24 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/sql_maker_class/);
25 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIC::SQL::Abstract');
29 package # Hide from PAUSE
30 DBIC::SQL::Abstract; # Would merge upstream, but nate doesn't reply :(
32 use base qw/SQL::Abstract::Limit/;
34 # This prevents the caching of $dbh in S::A::L, I believe
36 my $self = shift->SUPER::new(@_);
38 # If limit_dialect is a ref (like a $dbh), go ahead and replace
39 # it with what it resolves to:
40 $self->{limit_dialect} = $self->_find_syntax($self->{limit_dialect})
41 if ref $self->{limit_dialect};
47 my ($self, $sql, $order, $rows, $offset ) = @_;
50 my $last = $rows + $offset;
51 my ( $order_by ) = $self->_order_by( $order );
56 SELECT Q1.*, ROW_NUMBER() OVER( ) AS ROW_NUM FROM (
61 WHERE ROW_NUM BETWEEN $offset AND $last
67 # While we're at it, this should make LIMIT queries more efficient,
68 # without digging into things too deeply
69 use Scalar::Util 'blessed';
71 my ($self, $syntax) = @_;
72 my $dbhname = blessed($syntax) ? $syntax->{Driver}{Name} : $syntax;
73 if(ref($self) && $dbhname && $dbhname eq 'DB2') {
74 return 'RowNumberOver';
77 $self->{_cached_syntax} ||= $self->SUPER::_find_syntax($syntax);
81 my ($self, $table, $fields, $where, $order, @rest) = @_;
82 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
83 local $self->{rownum_hack_count} = 1
84 if (defined $rest[0] && $self->{limit_dialect} eq 'RowNum');
85 @rest = (-1) unless defined $rest[0];
86 die "LIMIT 0 Does Not Compute" if $rest[0] == 0;
87 # and anyway, SQL::Abstract::Limit will cause a barf if we don't first
88 local $self->{having_bind} = [];
89 my ($sql, @ret) = $self->SUPER::select(
90 $table, $self->_recurse_fields($fields), $where, $order, @rest
95 $self->{for} eq 'update' ? ' FOR UPDATE' :
96 $self->{for} eq 'shared' ? ' FOR SHARE' :
101 return wantarray ? ($sql, @ret, @{$self->{having_bind}}) : $sql;
107 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
108 $self->SUPER::insert($table, @_);
114 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
115 $self->SUPER::update($table, @_);
121 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
122 $self->SUPER::delete($table, @_);
128 return $_[1].$self->_order_by($_[2]);
130 return $self->SUPER::_emulate_limit(@_);
134 sub _recurse_fields {
135 my ($self, $fields, $params) = @_;
136 my $ref = ref $fields;
137 return $self->_quote($fields) unless $ref;
138 return $$fields if $ref eq 'SCALAR';
140 if ($ref eq 'ARRAY') {
141 return join(', ', map {
142 $self->_recurse_fields($_)
143 .(exists $self->{rownum_hack_count} && !($params && $params->{no_rownum_hack})
144 ? ' AS col'.$self->{rownum_hack_count}++
147 } elsif ($ref eq 'HASH') {
148 foreach my $func (keys %$fields) {
149 return $self->_sqlcase($func)
150 .'( '.$self->_recurse_fields($fields->{$func}).' )';
159 if (ref $_[0] eq 'HASH') {
160 if (defined $_[0]->{group_by}) {
161 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' group by ')
162 .$self->_recurse_fields($_[0]->{group_by}, { no_rownum_hack => 1 });
164 if (defined $_[0]->{having}) {
166 ($frag, @extra) = $self->_recurse_where($_[0]->{having});
167 push(@{$self->{having_bind}}, @extra);
168 $ret .= $self->_sqlcase(' having ').$frag;
170 if (defined $_[0]->{order_by}) {
171 $ret .= $self->_order_by($_[0]->{order_by});
173 } elsif (ref $_[0] eq 'SCALAR') {
174 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ').${ $_[0] };
175 } elsif (ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' && @{$_[0]}) {
176 my @order = @{+shift};
177 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ')
179 my $r = $self->_order_by($_, @_);
180 $r =~ s/^ ?ORDER BY //i;
184 $ret = $self->SUPER::_order_by(@_);
189 sub _order_directions {
190 my ($self, $order) = @_;
191 $order = $order->{order_by} if ref $order eq 'HASH';
192 return $self->SUPER::_order_directions($order);
196 my ($self, $from) = @_;
197 if (ref $from eq 'ARRAY') {
198 return $self->_recurse_from(@$from);
199 } elsif (ref $from eq 'HASH') {
200 return $self->_make_as($from);
202 return $from; # would love to quote here but _table ends up getting called
203 # twice during an ->select without a limit clause due to
204 # the way S::A::Limit->select works. should maybe consider
205 # bypassing this and doing S::A::select($self, ...) in
206 # our select method above. meantime, quoting shims have
207 # been added to select/insert/update/delete here
212 my ($self, $from, @join) = @_;
214 push(@sqlf, $self->_make_as($from));
215 foreach my $j (@join) {
218 # check whether a join type exists
219 my $join_clause = '';
220 my $to_jt = ref($to) eq 'ARRAY' ? $to->[0] : $to;
221 if (ref($to_jt) eq 'HASH' and exists($to_jt->{-join_type})) {
222 $join_clause = ' '.uc($to_jt->{-join_type}).' JOIN ';
224 $join_clause = ' JOIN ';
226 push(@sqlf, $join_clause);
228 if (ref $to eq 'ARRAY') {
229 push(@sqlf, '(', $self->_recurse_from(@$to), ')');
231 push(@sqlf, $self->_make_as($to));
233 push(@sqlf, ' ON ', $self->_join_condition($on));
235 return join('', @sqlf);
239 my ($self, $from) = @_;
240 return join(' ', map { (ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' ? $$_ : $self->_quote($_)) }
241 reverse each %{$self->_skip_options($from)});
245 my ($self, $hash) = @_;
247 $clean_hash->{$_} = $hash->{$_}
248 for grep {!/^-/} keys %$hash;
252 sub _join_condition {
253 my ($self, $cond) = @_;
254 if (ref $cond eq 'HASH') {
259 # XXX no throw_exception() in this package and croak() fails with strange results
260 Carp::croak(ref($v) . qq{ reference arguments are not supported in JOINS - try using \"..." instead'})
261 if ref($v) ne 'SCALAR';
265 my $x = '= '.$self->_quote($v); $j{$_} = \$x;
268 return scalar($self->_recurse_where(\%j));
269 } elsif (ref $cond eq 'ARRAY') {
270 return join(' OR ', map { $self->_join_condition($_) } @$cond);
272 die "Can't handle this yet!";
277 my ($self, $label) = @_;
278 return '' unless defined $label;
279 return "*" if $label eq '*';
280 return $label unless $self->{quote_char};
281 if(ref $self->{quote_char} eq "ARRAY"){
282 return $self->{quote_char}->[0] . $label . $self->{quote_char}->[1]
283 if !defined $self->{name_sep};
284 my $sep = $self->{name_sep};
285 return join($self->{name_sep},
286 map { $self->{quote_char}->[0] . $_ . $self->{quote_char}->[1] }
287 split(/\Q$sep\E/,$label));
289 return $self->SUPER::_quote($label);
294 $self->{limit_dialect} = shift if @_;
295 return $self->{limit_dialect};
300 $self->{quote_char} = shift if @_;
301 return $self->{quote_char};
306 $self->{name_sep} = shift if @_;
307 return $self->{name_sep};
310 } # End of BEGIN block
314 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
320 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
321 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
322 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
329 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
331 $new->transaction_depth(0);
332 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
333 $new->{savepoints} = [];
334 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
335 $new->{_dbh_gen} = 0;
342 The arguments of C<connect_info> are always a single array reference.
344 This is normally accessed via L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
345 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before calling
346 C<connect_info> here.
348 The arrayref can either contain the same set of arguments one would
349 normally pass to L<DBI/connect>, or a lone code reference which returns
350 a connected database handle. Please note that the L<DBI> docs
351 recommend that you always explicitly set C<AutoCommit> to either
352 C<0> or C<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further recommends that it be set
353 to C<1>, and that you perform transactions via our L</txn_do>
354 method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it to C<1> if you do not do explicitly
355 set it to zero. This is the default for most DBDs. See below for more
358 In either case, if the final argument in your connect_info happens
359 to be a hashref, C<connect_info> will look there for several
360 connection-specific options:
366 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
367 the database. Its value may contain:
371 =item an array reference
373 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
374 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
376 =item a code reference
378 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
379 array reference, its return value is ignored.
383 =item on_disconnect_do
385 Takes arguments in the same form as L<on_connect_do> and executes them
386 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
388 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L<disconnect> on the
391 =item disable_sth_caching
393 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
394 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
398 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
399 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
404 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
405 you use this you will want to specify L<name_sep> as well.
407 quote_char expects either a single character, in which case is it is placed
408 on either side of the table/column, or an arrayref of length 2 in which case the
409 table/column name is placed between the elements.
411 For example under MySQL you'd use C<quote_char =E<gt> '`'>, and user SQL Server you'd
412 use C<quote_char =E<gt> [qw/[ ]/]>.
416 This only needs to be used in conjunction with L<quote_char>, and is used to
417 specify the charecter that seperates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
418 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
422 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
423 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
424 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
425 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
427 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
428 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
429 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
430 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
432 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
433 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
434 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
438 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
439 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
440 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
444 These options can be mixed in with your other L<DBI> connection attributes,
445 or placed in a seperate hashref after all other normal L<DBI> connection
448 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
449 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
450 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
452 Another Important Note:
454 DBIC can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
455 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
456 combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
458 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
459 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
460 like to manage that manually. A lot of DBIC's magic protections
461 go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
462 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
463 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
464 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
469 # Simple SQLite connection
470 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
473 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
475 # A bit more complicated
482 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
486 # Equivalent to the previous example
492 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
496 # Subref + DBIC-specific connection options
499 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
503 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
504 disable_sth_caching => 1,
512 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
514 return $self->_connect_info if !$info_arg;
516 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
517 # the new set of options
518 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
519 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
520 $self->_connect_info([@$info_arg]); # copy for _connect_info
522 my $dbi_info = [@$info_arg]; # copy for _dbi_connect_info
524 my $last_info = $dbi_info->[-1];
525 if(ref $last_info eq 'HASH') {
526 $last_info = { %$last_info }; # so delete is non-destructive
527 my @storage_option = qw(
528 on_connect_do on_disconnect_do disable_sth_caching unsafe cursor_class
531 for my $storage_opt (@storage_option) {
532 if(my $value = delete $last_info->{$storage_opt}) {
533 $self->$storage_opt($value);
536 for my $sql_maker_opt (qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/) {
537 if(my $opt_val = delete $last_info->{$sql_maker_opt}) {
538 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $opt_val;
541 # re-insert modified hashref
542 $dbi_info->[-1] = $last_info;
544 # Get rid of any trailing empty hashref
545 pop(@$dbi_info) if !keys %$last_info;
547 $self->_dbi_connect_info($dbi_info);
549 $self->_connect_info;
554 This method is deprecated in favor of setting via L</connect_info>.
558 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
560 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
561 connection management.
563 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
564 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
565 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
567 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
568 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
570 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
571 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
572 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
576 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
578 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
579 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
580 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
591 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
593 return $self->$code($dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
594 || $self->{transaction_depth};
596 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
599 my $want_array = wantarray;
602 $self->_verify_pid if $dbh;
604 $self->_populate_dbh;
609 @result = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
611 elsif(defined $want_array) {
612 $result[0] = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
615 $self->$code($dbh, @_);
620 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
622 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
624 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
625 # exception fall right through this time
626 $self->_populate_dbh;
627 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @_);
630 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
631 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
632 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
637 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
638 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
640 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
642 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
645 my $want_array = wantarray;
650 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
651 $self->_populate_dbh if !$self->_dbh;
655 @result = $coderef->(@_);
657 elsif(defined $want_array) {
658 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
667 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
669 if($tried++ > 0 || $self->connected) {
670 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
671 my $rollback_exception = $@;
672 if($rollback_exception) {
673 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
674 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
675 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
677 $self->throw_exception(
678 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
679 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
682 $self->throw_exception($exception)
685 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
687 $self->_populate_dbh;
693 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
694 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
701 if( $self->connected ) {
702 my $connection_do = $self->on_disconnect_do;
703 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if ref($connection_do);
705 $self->_dbh->rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
706 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
715 if(my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
716 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
723 return 0 if !$self->_dbh;
725 return ($dbh->FETCH('Active') && $dbh->ping);
731 # handle pid changes correctly
732 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
736 return if defined $self->_conn_pid && $self->_conn_pid == $$;
738 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
745 sub ensure_connected {
748 unless ($self->connected) {
749 $self->_populate_dbh;
755 Returns the dbh - a data base handle of class L<DBI>.
762 $self->ensure_connected;
766 sub _sql_maker_args {
769 return ( bindtype=>'columns', limit_dialect => $self->dbh, %{$self->_sql_maker_opts} );
774 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
775 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
776 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
778 return $self->_sql_maker;
785 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
786 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
788 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
789 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
790 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
792 if(ref $self eq 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI') {
793 my $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
794 if ($self->load_optional_class("DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}")) {
795 bless $self, "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
800 my $connection_do = $self->on_connect_do;
801 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if ref($connection_do);
803 $self->_conn_pid($$);
804 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
807 sub _do_connection_actions {
809 my $connection_do = shift;
811 if (ref $connection_do eq 'ARRAY') {
812 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$connection_do;
814 elsif (ref $connection_do eq 'CODE') {
822 my ($self, $action) = @_;
824 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
825 $action = $action->($self);
826 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
829 my @to_run = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
830 $self->_query_start(@to_run);
831 $self->_dbh->do(@to_run);
832 $self->_query_end(@to_run);
839 my ($self, @info) = @_;
841 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
844 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
846 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
847 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
848 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
852 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
856 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
859 if($dbh && !$self->unsafe) {
860 my $weak_self = $self;
862 $dbh->{HandleError} = sub {
863 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]")
865 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
866 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
867 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
871 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
873 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
876 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
882 my ($self, $name) = @_;
884 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
885 unless defined $name;
887 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
888 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
890 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
891 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
893 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
895 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
897 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
901 my ($self, $name) = @_;
903 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
904 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
906 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
907 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
910 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
911 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
913 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
914 # the stack up to date.
917 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
919 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
922 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
924 return $self->_svp_release($name);
928 my ($self, $name) = @_;
930 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
931 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
933 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
934 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
937 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
938 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
939 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
942 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
943 # the stack up to date.
944 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
945 last if($s eq $name);
947 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
948 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
949 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
951 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
952 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
955 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
957 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
960 sub _svp_generate_name {
963 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
968 $self->ensure_connected();
969 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
970 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
972 # this isn't ->_dbh-> because
973 # we should reconnect on begin_work
974 # for AutoCommit users
975 $self->dbh->begin_work;
976 } elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
979 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
984 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
985 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
986 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
989 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
990 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
992 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
993 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
995 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1001 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1003 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1004 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1006 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1007 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1010 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1011 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1012 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1013 $self->svp_rollback;
1018 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1023 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1024 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
1025 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1026 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1027 $self->throw_exception($error);
1031 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1032 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1033 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1034 sub _prep_for_execute {
1035 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1037 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1039 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1042 return ($sql, \@bind);
1045 sub _fix_bind_params {
1046 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1048 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1049 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1051 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1054 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1055 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1062 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1064 if ( $self->debug ) {
1065 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1066 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1071 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1073 if ( $self->debug ) {
1074 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1075 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1080 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1082 if( blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1083 $ident = $ident->from();
1086 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1088 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1090 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1092 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1094 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1095 my $attributes = {};
1096 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1098 if ($bind_attributes) {
1099 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1100 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1103 foreach my $data (@data) {
1104 $data = ref $data ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args
1106 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
1107 $placeholder_index++;
1111 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1112 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1113 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1115 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1117 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1122 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_)
1126 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1128 my $ident = $source->from;
1129 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1131 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1132 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1133 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1135 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1136 $self->ensure_connected;
1137 $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch( 'nextval', $col_info->{sequence} || $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->dbh, $source) );
1142 $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert);
1147 ## Still not quite perfect, and EXPERIMENTAL
1148 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1149 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1150 ## only prepped once.
1152 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1154 my $table = $source->from;
1155 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1156 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->insert($table, \%colvalues);
1158 $self->_query_start( $sql, @bind );
1159 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1161 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1163 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1165 my $tuple_status = [];
1168 ##print STDERR Dumper( $data, $sql, [@bind] );
1172 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1173 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1175 ## Bind the values and execute
1176 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1178 foreach my $bound (@bind) {
1180 my $attributes = {};
1181 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1183 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1184 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1185 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1188 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1190 $sth->bind_param_array( $placeholder_index, [@data], $attributes );
1191 $placeholder_index++;
1193 my $rv = $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1194 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1196 $self->_query_end( $sql, @bind );
1197 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1201 my $self = shift @_;
1202 my $source = shift @_;
1203 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1205 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, @_);
1210 my $self = shift @_;
1211 my $source = shift @_;
1213 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## If ever it's needed...
1215 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @_);
1219 my ($self, $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1220 my $order = $attrs->{order_by};
1222 if (ref $condition eq 'SCALAR') {
1223 $order = $1 if $$condition =~ s/ORDER BY (.*)$//i;
1226 my $for = delete $attrs->{for};
1227 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1228 local $sql_maker->{for} = $for;
1230 if (exists $attrs->{group_by} || $attrs->{having}) {
1232 group_by => $attrs->{group_by},
1233 having => $attrs->{having},
1234 ($order ? (order_by => $order) : ())
1237 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## Future support
1238 my @args = ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $condition, $order);
1239 if ($attrs->{software_limit} ||
1240 $self->sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ") {
1241 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1243 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1244 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1246 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
1247 $attrs->{rows} = 2**48 if not defined $attrs->{rows} and defined $attrs->{offset};
1248 push @args, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1251 return $self->_execute(@args);
1254 sub source_bind_attributes {
1255 my ($self, $source) = @_;
1257 my $bind_attributes;
1258 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
1260 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
1261 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
1265 return $bind_attributes;
1272 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
1276 Handle a SQL select statement.
1282 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1283 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
1288 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
1289 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1290 if(@row && $sth->fetchrow_array) {
1291 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
1293 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
1302 =item Arguments: $sql
1306 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
1311 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1313 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1314 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1315 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1316 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1318 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1319 # but apparently that's not true :(
1320 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
1326 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
1327 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql);
1330 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
1331 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
1333 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
1336 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
1337 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
1339 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
1341 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
1342 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
1343 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
1344 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
1345 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
1346 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
1348 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
1351 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
1355 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
1357 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
1358 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
1360 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
1361 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
1362 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
1364 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
1365 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
1366 $column_info{size} = $2;
1369 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
1373 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
1374 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
1375 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
1377 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
1378 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
1379 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
1380 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
1387 sub columns_info_for {
1388 my ($self, $table) = @_;
1389 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_columns_info_for', $table);
1392 =head2 last_insert_id
1394 Return the row id of the last insert.
1398 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
1399 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
1400 # XXX This is a SQLite-ism as a default... is there a DBI-generic way?
1401 $dbh->func('last_insert_rowid');
1404 sub last_insert_id {
1406 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_last_insert_id', @_);
1411 Returns the database driver name.
1415 sub sqlt_type { shift->dbh->{Driver}->{Name} }
1417 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
1419 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind attribute for
1420 $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) or nothing if we will let the database planner
1423 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
1427 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
1431 =head2 create_ddl_dir
1435 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
1439 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
1440 database types, in the given directory.
1442 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
1444 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
1446 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
1447 hashref like the following
1449 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
1455 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
1457 if(!$dir || !-d $dir)
1459 warn "No directory given, using ./\n";
1462 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
1463 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
1464 $version ||= $schema->VERSION || '1.x';
1466 add_drop_table => 1,
1467 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
1468 ignore_index_names => 1,
1472 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't create a ddl file without SQL::Translator 0.09: '}
1473 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1474 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1476 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
1478 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
1479 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema }) or die $sqlt->error;
1481 foreach my $db (@$databases)
1484 $sqlt = $self->configure_sqlt($sqlt, $db);
1485 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
1486 $sqlt->producer($db);
1489 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $dir, $version);
1492 warn("$filename already exists, skipping $db");
1493 next unless ($preversion);
1495 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
1498 warn("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
1501 if(!open($file, ">$filename"))
1503 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
1506 print $file $output;
1511 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
1513 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $dir, $preversion);
1514 # print "Previous version $prefilename\n";
1515 if(!-e $prefilename)
1517 warn("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
1521 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $dir, $version, $preversion);
1522 print STDERR "Diff: $difffile: $db, $dir, $version, $preversion \n";
1525 warn("$difffile already exists, skipping");
1531 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1534 $t->parser( $db ) or die $t->error;
1535 $t = $self->configure_sqlt($t, $db);
1536 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename ) or die $t->error;
1537 $source_schema = $t->schema;
1538 unless ( $source_schema->name ) {
1539 $source_schema->name( $prefilename );
1543 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
1544 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
1545 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
1546 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
1548 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
1549 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1552 $t->parser( $db ) or die $t->error;
1553 $t = $self->configure_sqlt($t, $db);
1554 my $out = $t->translate( $filename ) or die $t->error;
1555 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
1556 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
1557 unless $dest_schema->name;
1560 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
1564 if(!open $file, ">$difffile")
1566 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
1575 sub configure_sqlt() {
1578 my $db = shift || $self->sqlt_type;
1579 if ($db eq 'PostgreSQL') {
1580 $tr->quote_table_names(0);
1581 $tr->quote_field_names(0);
1586 =head2 deployment_statements
1590 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
1594 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
1595 The database driver name is given by C<$type>, though the value from
1596 L</sqlt_type> is used if it is not specified.
1598 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
1599 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
1600 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
1602 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
1603 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
1605 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
1609 sub deployment_statements {
1610 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
1611 # Need to be connected to get the correct sqlt_type
1612 $self->ensure_connected() unless $type;
1613 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
1614 $version ||= $schema->VERSION || '1.x';
1616 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $dir, $version);
1620 open($file, "<$filename")
1621 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
1624 return join('', @rows);
1627 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't deploy without SQL::Translator 0.09: '}
1628 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1629 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1631 require SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class;
1632 eval qq{use SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}};
1633 $self->throw_exception($@) if $@;
1635 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
1637 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
1638 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
1640 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(%$sqltargs);
1641 SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class::parse( $tr, $schema );
1642 return "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}"->can('produce')->($tr);
1649 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
1650 foreach my $statement ( $self->deployment_statements($schema, $type, undef, $dir, { no_comments => 1, %{ $sqltargs || {} } } ) ) {
1651 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statement)) {
1652 next if($line =~ /^--/);
1654 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
1655 next if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
1656 next if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
1657 next if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
1658 $self->_query_start($line);
1660 $self->dbh->do($line); # shouldn't be using ->dbh ?
1663 warn qq{$@ (running "${line}")};
1665 $self->_query_end($line);
1670 =head2 datetime_parser
1672 Returns the datetime parser class
1676 sub datetime_parser {
1678 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
1679 $self->ensure_connected;
1680 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
1684 =head2 datetime_parser_type
1686 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
1687 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
1691 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
1693 =head2 build_datetime_parser
1695 See L</datetime_parser>
1699 sub build_datetime_parser {
1701 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
1703 $self->throw_exception("Couldn't load ${type}: $@") if $@;
1708 my $_check_sqlt_version; # private
1709 my $_check_sqlt_message; # private
1710 sub _check_sqlt_version {
1711 return $_check_sqlt_version if defined $_check_sqlt_version;
1712 eval 'use SQL::Translator "0.09"';
1713 $_check_sqlt_message = $@ || '';
1714 $_check_sqlt_version = !$@;
1717 sub _check_sqlt_message {
1718 _check_sqlt_version if !defined $_check_sqlt_message;
1719 $_check_sqlt_message;
1725 return if !$self->_dbh;
1734 The module defines a set of methods within the DBIC::SQL::Abstract
1735 namespace. These build on L<SQL::Abstract::Limit> to provide the
1736 SQL query functions.
1738 The following methods are extended:-
1752 See L</connect_info> for details.
1753 For setting, this method is deprecated in favor of L</connect_info>.
1757 See L</connect_info> for details.
1758 For setting, this method is deprecated in favor of L</connect_info>.
1762 See L</connect_info> for details.
1763 For setting, this method is deprecated in favor of L</connect_info>.
1769 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
1771 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
1775 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.