1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Storage::DBIHacks DBIx::Class::Storage/;
10 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
13 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
16 use Data::Dumper::Concise();
18 # what version of sqlt do we require if deploy() without a ddl_dir is invoked
19 # when changing also adjust the corresponding author_require in Makefile.PL
20 my $minimum_sqlt_version = '0.11002';
23 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
24 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts _conn_pid
25 _conn_tid transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit _driver_determined savepoints/
28 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
29 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
30 my @storage_options = qw/
31 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
32 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
34 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
37 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
38 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
40 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/sql_maker_class/);
41 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLAHacks');
44 # Each of these methods need _determine_driver called before itself
45 # in order to function reliably. This is a purely DRY optimization
46 my @rdbms_specific_methods = qw/
59 for my $meth (@rdbms_specific_methods) {
61 my $orig = __PACKAGE__->can ($meth)
65 no warnings qw/redefine/;
66 *{__PACKAGE__ ."::$meth"} = sub {
67 if (not $_[0]->_driver_determined) {
68 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
69 goto $_[0]->can($meth);
78 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
82 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
84 $schema->storage->debug(1);
86 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
88 my ($storage, $dbh, @args) = @_;
89 $dbh->do("DROP TABLE authors");
94 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
95 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser(DateTime->now)
100 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
101 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
102 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
109 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
111 $new->transaction_depth(0);
112 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
113 $new->{savepoints} = [];
114 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
115 $new->{_dbh_gen} = 0;
122 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
123 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
125 The argument list may contain:
131 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
132 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
133 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
134 recognized by DBIx::Class:
136 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
140 A single code reference which returns a connected
141 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
142 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
145 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
149 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
152 $connect_info_args = [{
160 $connect_info_args = [{
161 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect (...) },
166 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
167 following config (L<Config::General> style):
172 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
179 The C<dsn>/C<user>/C<password> combination can be substituted by the
180 C<dbh_maker> key whose value is a coderef that returns a connected
181 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
185 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
186 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
187 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
188 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
189 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
190 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
192 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
194 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
195 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
196 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
197 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a seperate hashref
198 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
200 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
201 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
202 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
209 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
210 the database. Its value may contain:
216 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
218 =item an array reference
220 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
221 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
223 =item a code reference
225 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
226 array reference, its return value is ignored.
230 =item on_disconnect_do
232 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
233 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
235 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
238 =item on_connect_call
240 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
241 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
243 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
247 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
249 Its values may contain:
255 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
257 =item a code reference
259 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
261 =item an array reference
263 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
265 =item an array of arrays
267 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
268 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
272 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
278 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
279 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
287 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
291 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
292 attributes hashref and bind values.
294 =item a code reference
296 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
303 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
304 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
305 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
307 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
308 implementation details.
312 =item on_disconnect_call
314 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
315 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
317 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
318 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
320 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
323 =item disable_sth_caching
325 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
326 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
330 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
331 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
332 driver alone. See also L<SQL::Abstract::Limit>.
336 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
337 you use this you will want to specify L</name_sep> as well.
339 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
340 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
341 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
343 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
344 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
348 This only needs to be used in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
349 specify the charecter that seperates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
350 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
352 The consequences of not supplying this value is that L<SQL::Abstract>
353 will assume DBIx::Class' uses of aliases to be complete column
354 names. The output will look like I<"me.name"> when it should actually
359 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
360 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
361 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
362 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
364 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
365 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
366 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
367 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
369 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
370 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
371 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
375 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
376 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
377 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
381 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
382 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
386 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
387 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
389 # Simple SQLite connection
390 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
393 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
395 # Connect via subref in hashref
397 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect(...) },
398 on_connect_do => 'alter session ...',
401 # A bit more complicated
408 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
412 # Equivalent to the previous example
418 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
422 # Same, but with hashref as argument
423 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
426 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
428 password => 'my_pg_password',
435 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
438 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
442 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
443 disable_sth_caching => 1,
453 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
455 return $self->_connect_info if !$info_arg;
457 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
458 $self->_connect_info([@args]); # copy for _connect_info
461 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
464 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
465 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
468 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
469 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
471 if (my $code = delete $attrs{dbh_maker}) {
474 my @ignored = grep { delete $attrs{$_} } (qw/dsn user password/);
477 'Attribute(s) %s in connect_info were ignored, as they can not be applied '
478 . "to the result of 'dbh_maker'",
480 join (', ', map { "'$_'" } (@ignored) ),
485 @args = delete @attrs{qw/dsn user password/};
488 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
490 % { $args[3] || {} },
491 % { $args[4] || {} },
493 @args = @args[0,1,2];
496 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
497 # the new set of options
498 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
499 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
502 for my $storage_opt (@storage_options, 'cursor_class') { # @storage_options is declared at the top of the module
503 if(my $value = delete $attrs{$storage_opt}) {
504 $self->$storage_opt($value);
507 for my $sql_maker_opt (qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/) {
508 if(my $opt_val = delete $attrs{$sql_maker_opt}) {
509 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $opt_val;
514 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') {
515 # _connect() never looks past $args[0] in this case
519 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
524 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args, keys %attrs ? \%attrs : ()]);
525 $self->_connect_info;
528 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes {
538 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
542 =head2 on_disconnect_do
544 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
548 sub _parse_connect_do {
549 my ($self, $type) = @_;
551 my $val = $self->$type;
552 return () if not defined $val;
557 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
558 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
560 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
561 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
563 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
571 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
573 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
574 connection management.
576 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
577 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
578 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
580 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
581 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
583 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
584 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
585 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
589 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
591 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
592 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
593 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
604 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
606 return $self->$code($dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
607 || $self->{transaction_depth};
609 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
612 my $want_array = wantarray;
617 @result = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
619 elsif(defined $want_array) {
620 $result[0] = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
623 $self->$code($dbh, @_);
627 # ->connected might unset $@ - copy
629 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
631 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
633 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
634 # exception fall right through this time
635 carp "Retrying $code after catching disconnected exception: $exception"
636 if $ENV{DBIC_DBIRETRY_DEBUG};
637 $self->_populate_dbh;
638 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @_);
641 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
642 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
643 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
648 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
649 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
651 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
653 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
656 my $want_array = wantarray;
665 @result = $coderef->(@_);
667 elsif(defined $want_array) {
668 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
676 # ->connected might unset $@ - copy
678 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
680 if($tried++ || $self->connected) {
681 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
682 my $rollback_exception = $@;
683 if($rollback_exception) {
684 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
685 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
686 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
688 $self->throw_exception(
689 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
690 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
693 $self->throw_exception($exception)
696 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
698 carp "Retrying $coderef after catching disconnected exception: $exception"
699 if $ENV{DBIC_DBIRETRY_DEBUG};
700 $self->_populate_dbh;
706 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
707 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
717 push @actions, ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () );
718 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do');
720 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
722 $self->_dbh_rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
724 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
730 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
734 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
736 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
740 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
741 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
745 # Storage subclasses should override this
746 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
747 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
755 =item Arguments: none
757 =item Return Value: 1|0
761 Verifies that the the current database handle is active and ready to execute
762 an SQL statement (i.e. the connection did not get stale, server is still
763 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
769 return 0 unless $self->_seems_connected;
772 local $self->_dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
777 sub _seems_connected {
780 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
783 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
790 return 0 if !$self->_dbh;
793 return $dbh->FETCH('Active');
799 my $dbh = $self->_dbh or return 0;
804 # handle pid changes correctly
805 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
809 return if defined $self->_conn_pid && $self->_conn_pid == $$;
811 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
818 sub ensure_connected {
821 unless ($self->connected) {
822 $self->_populate_dbh;
828 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
829 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
830 necessary performing a reconnection before returning. Keep in mind that this
831 is very B<expensive> on some database engines. Consider using L<dbh_do>
839 if (not $self->_dbh) {
840 $self->_populate_dbh;
842 $self->ensure_connected;
847 # this is the internal "get dbh or connect (don't check)" method
850 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
851 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
855 sub _sql_maker_args {
860 array_datatypes => 1,
861 limit_dialect => $self->_get_dbh,
862 %{$self->_sql_maker_opts}
868 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
869 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
870 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($sql_maker_class);
871 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
873 return $self->_sql_maker;
876 # nothing to do by default
883 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
884 $self->_dbh(undef); # in case ->connected failed we might get sent here
885 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
887 $self->_conn_pid($$);
888 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
890 $self->_determine_driver;
892 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
893 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
894 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
896 $self->_run_connection_actions unless $self->{_in_determine_driver};
899 sub _run_connection_actions {
903 push @actions, ( $self->on_connect_call || () );
904 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do');
906 $self->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
909 sub _determine_driver {
912 if ((not $self->_driver_determined) && (not $self->{_in_determine_driver})) {
913 my $started_connected = 0;
914 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1;
916 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
918 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
919 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
920 $started_connected = 1;
922 # if connect_info is a CODEREF, we have no choice but to connect
923 if (ref $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] &&
924 Scalar::Util::reftype($self->_dbi_connect_info->[0]) eq 'CODE') {
925 $self->_populate_dbh;
926 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
929 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
930 # force a connection in _rebless to determine version
931 ($driver) = $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] =~ /dbi:([^:]+):/i;
935 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
936 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
937 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3');
938 bless $self, $storage_class;
943 $self->_driver_determined(1);
945 $self->_init; # run driver-specific initializations
947 $self->_run_connection_actions
948 if !$started_connected && defined $self->_dbh;
952 sub _do_connection_actions {
954 my $method_prefix = shift;
957 if (not ref($call)) {
958 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
960 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
962 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
963 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
964 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
966 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
969 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
975 sub connect_call_do_sql {
977 $self->_do_query(@_);
980 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
982 $self->_do_query(@_);
985 # override in db-specific backend when necessary
986 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
989 my ($self, $action) = @_;
991 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
992 $action = $action->($self);
993 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
996 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
997 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
998 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
999 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
1000 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
1001 my $sql = shift @do_args;
1002 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
1003 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
1005 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
1006 $self->_get_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
1007 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
1014 my ($self, @info) = @_;
1016 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
1019 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
1021 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
1022 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
1023 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
1027 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
1031 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
1034 if($dbh && !$self->unsafe) {
1035 my $weak_self = $self;
1036 Scalar::Util::weaken($weak_self);
1037 $dbh->{HandleError} = sub {
1039 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1042 # the handler may be invoked by something totally out of
1044 croak ("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1047 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
1048 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1049 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1053 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
1055 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
1058 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1064 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1066 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
1067 unless defined $name;
1069 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1070 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1072 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1073 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
1075 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
1077 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
1079 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
1083 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1085 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1086 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1088 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1089 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
1091 if (defined $name) {
1092 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
1093 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1095 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1096 # the stack up to date.
1099 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
1101 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1104 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
1106 return $self->_svp_release($name);
1110 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1112 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1113 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1115 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1116 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
1118 if (defined $name) {
1119 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
1120 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1121 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
1124 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1125 # the stack up to date.
1126 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1127 last if($s eq $name);
1129 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
1130 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
1131 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
1133 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
1134 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
1137 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
1139 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
1142 sub _svp_generate_name {
1145 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
1150 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
1151 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
1153 $self->_dbh_begin_work;
1155 elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1158 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1161 sub _dbh_begin_work {
1164 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for him, otherwise we need to
1165 # ensure that the $dbh is healthy on BEGIN.
1166 # We do this via ->dbh_do instead of ->dbh, so that the ->dbh "ping"
1167 # will be replaced by a failure of begin_work itself (which will be
1168 # then retried on reconnect)
1169 if ($self->{_in_dbh_do}) {
1170 $self->_dbh->begin_work;
1172 $self->dbh_do(sub { $_[1]->begin_work });
1178 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1179 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1182 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1183 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1185 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1186 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1188 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1194 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1195 or $self->throw_exception('cannot COMMIT on a disconnected handle');
1201 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1203 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1204 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1206 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1207 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1208 $self->_dbh_rollback;
1210 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1211 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1212 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1213 $self->svp_rollback;
1218 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1223 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1224 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
1225 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1226 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1227 $self->throw_exception($error);
1233 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1234 or $self->throw_exception('cannot ROLLBACK on a disconnected handle');
1238 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1239 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1240 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1241 sub _prep_for_execute {
1242 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1244 if( Scalar::Util::blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1245 $ident = $ident->from();
1248 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1251 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1253 return ($sql, \@bind);
1257 sub _fix_bind_params {
1258 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1260 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1261 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1263 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1266 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1267 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1274 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1276 if ( $self->debug ) {
1277 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1279 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1284 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1286 if ( $self->debug ) {
1287 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1288 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1293 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1295 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1297 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1299 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1301 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1303 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1304 my $attributes = {};
1305 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1307 if ($bind_attributes) {
1308 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1309 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1312 foreach my $data (@data) {
1313 my $ref = ref $data;
1314 $data = $ref && $ref ne 'ARRAY' ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args (except arrayrefs)
1316 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
1317 $placeholder_index++;
1321 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1322 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1323 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1325 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1327 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1332 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_); # retry over disconnects
1336 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1338 my $ident = $source->from;
1339 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1341 my $updated_cols = {};
1343 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1344 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1345 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1347 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1348 $updated_cols->{$col} = $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1350 $col_info->{sequence} ||
1351 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->_get_dbh, $source)
1357 $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert);
1359 return $updated_cols;
1362 ## Still not quite perfect, and EXPERIMENTAL
1363 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1364 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1365 ## only prepped once.
1367 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1370 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1372 for my $i (0..$#$cols) {
1373 my $first_val = $data->[0][$i];
1374 next unless ref $first_val eq 'SCALAR';
1376 $colvalues{ $cols->[$i] } = $first_val;
1379 # check for bad data and stringify stringifiable objects
1380 my $bad_slice = sub {
1381 my ($msg, $col_idx, $slice_idx) = @_;
1382 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for column '%s' in populate slice:\n%s",
1386 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 1; # don't dump objects, if any
1387 Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper({
1388 map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$slice_idx][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols)
1394 for my $datum_idx (0..$#$data) {
1395 my $datum = $data->[$datum_idx];
1397 for my $col_idx (0..$#$cols) {
1398 my $val = $datum->[$col_idx];
1399 my $sqla_bind = $colvalues{ $cols->[$col_idx] };
1400 my $is_literal_sql = (ref $sqla_bind) eq 'SCALAR';
1402 if ($is_literal_sql) {
1404 $bad_slice->('bind found where literal SQL expected', $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1406 elsif ((my $reftype = ref $val) ne 'SCALAR') {
1407 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where literal SQL expected",
1408 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1410 elsif ($$val ne $$sqla_bind){
1411 $bad_slice->("inconsistent literal SQL value, expecting: '$$sqla_bind'",
1412 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1415 elsif (my $reftype = ref $val) {
1417 if (overload::Method($val, '""')) {
1418 $datum->[$col_idx] = "".$val;
1421 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where bind expected",
1422 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1428 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute (
1429 'insert', undef, $source, [\%colvalues]
1433 my $empty_bind = 1 if (not @bind) &&
1434 (grep { ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' } values %colvalues) == @$cols;
1436 if ((not @bind) && (not $empty_bind)) {
1437 $self->throw_exception(
1438 'Cannot insert_bulk without support for placeholders'
1442 $self->_query_start( $sql, ['__BULK__'] );
1443 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1447 # bind_param_array doesn't work if there are no binds
1448 $self->_dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds( $sth, scalar @$data );
1451 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1452 $self->_execute_array( $source, $sth, \@bind, $cols, $data );
1456 $self->_query_end( $sql, ['__BULK__'] );
1458 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1461 sub _execute_array {
1462 my ($self, $source, $sth, $bind, $cols, $data, @extra) = @_;
1464 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard unless $self->{transaction_depth} != 0;
1466 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1467 my $tuple_status = [];
1469 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1470 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1472 ## Bind the values and execute
1473 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1475 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1477 my $attributes = {};
1478 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1480 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1481 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1482 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1485 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1487 $sth->bind_param_array( $placeholder_index, [@data], $attributes );
1488 $placeholder_index++;
1492 $self->_dbh_execute_array($sth, $tuple_status, @extra);
1494 my $err = $@ || $sth->errstr;
1496 # Statement must finish even if there was an exception.
1497 eval { $sth->finish };
1498 $err = $@ unless $err;
1502 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
1504 $self->throw_exception("Unexpected populate error: $err")
1505 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
1507 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for populate slice:\n%s",
1508 ($tuple_status->[$i][1] || $err),
1509 Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper({
1510 map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols)
1515 $guard->commit if $guard;
1520 sub _dbh_execute_array {
1521 my ($self, $sth, $tuple_status, @extra) = @_;
1523 return $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1526 sub _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds {
1527 my ($self, $sth, $count) = @_;
1529 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard unless $self->{transaction_depth} != 0;
1532 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
1533 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1534 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1536 $sth->execute foreach 1..$count;
1540 # Make sure statement is finished even if there was an exception.
1541 eval { $sth->finish };
1542 $exception = $@ unless $exception;
1544 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $exception;
1546 $guard->commit if $guard;
1552 my ($self, $source, $data, $where, @args) = @_;
1554 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1555 $where = $self->_strip_cond_qualifiers ($where);
1557 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, $data, $where, @args);
1562 my ($self, $source, $where, @args) = @_;
1564 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1565 $where = $self->_strip_cond_qualifiers ($where);
1567 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, $where, @args);
1570 # Most databases do not allow aliasing of tables in UPDATE/DELETE. Thus
1571 # a condition containing 'me' or other table prefixes will not work
1572 # at all. Since we employ subqueries when multiple tables are involved
1573 # (joins), it is relatively safe to strip all column qualifiers. Worst
1574 # case scenario the error message will be a bit misleading, if the
1575 # user supplies a foreign qualifier without a join (the message would
1576 # be "can't find column X", when in fact the user shoud join T containing
1578 sub _strip_cond_qualifiers {
1579 my ($self, $where) = @_;
1581 my $sqlmaker = $self->sql_maker;
1582 my ($sql, @bind) = $sqlmaker->_recurse_where($where);
1583 return undef unless $sql;
1585 my ($qquot, $qsep) = map { quotemeta $_ } ( ($sqlmaker->quote_char||''), ($sqlmaker->name_sep||'.') );
1586 $sql =~ s/ (?: $qquot [\w\-]+ $qquot | [\w\-]+ ) $qsep //gx;
1588 return \[$sql, @bind];
1591 # We were sent here because the $rs contains a complex search
1592 # which will require a subquery to select the correct rows
1593 # (i.e. joined or limited resultsets)
1595 # Generating a single PK column subquery is trivial and supported
1596 # by all RDBMS. However if we have a multicolumn PK, things get ugly.
1597 # Look at _multipk_update_delete()
1598 sub _subq_update_delete {
1600 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1602 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1604 # we already check this, but double check naively just in case. Should be removed soon
1605 my $sel = $rs->_resolved_attrs->{select};
1606 $sel = [ $sel ] unless ref $sel eq 'ARRAY';
1607 my @pcols = $rsrc->primary_columns;
1608 if (@$sel != @pcols) {
1609 $self->throw_exception (
1610 'Subquery update/delete can not be called on resultsets selecting a'
1611 .' number of columns different than the number of primary keys'
1618 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1619 { $pcols[0] => { -in => $rs->as_query } },
1624 return $self->_multipk_update_delete (@_);
1628 # ANSI SQL does not provide a reliable way to perform a multicol-PK
1629 # resultset update/delete involving subqueries. So by default resort
1630 # to simple (and inefficient) delete_all style per-row opearations,
1631 # while allowing specific storages to override this with a faster
1634 sub _multipk_update_delete {
1635 return shift->_per_row_update_delete (@_);
1638 # This is the default loop used to delete/update rows for multi PK
1639 # resultsets, and used by mysql exclusively (because it can't do anything
1642 # We do not use $row->$op style queries, because resultset update/delete
1643 # is not expected to cascade (this is what delete_all/update_all is for).
1645 # There should be no race conditions as the entire operation is rolled
1648 sub _per_row_update_delete {
1650 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1652 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1653 my @pcols = $rsrc->primary_columns;
1655 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1657 # emulate the return value of $sth->execute for non-selects
1658 my $row_cnt = '0E0';
1660 my $subrs_cur = $rs->cursor;
1661 while (my @pks = $subrs_cur->next) {
1664 for my $i (0.. $#pcols) {
1665 $cond->{$pcols[$i]} = $pks[$i];
1670 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1685 # localization is neccessary as
1686 # 1) there is no infrastructure to pass this around before SQLA2
1687 # 2) _select_args sets it and _prep_for_execute consumes it
1688 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1689 local $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs};
1691 return $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
1694 sub _select_args_to_query {
1697 # localization is neccessary as
1698 # 1) there is no infrastructure to pass this around before SQLA2
1699 # 2) _select_args sets it and _prep_for_execute consumes it
1700 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1701 local $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs};
1703 # my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $cond, $order, $rows, $offset)
1704 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
1705 my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, @args) =
1706 $self->_select_args(@_);
1708 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $order, $rows, $offset ]);
1709 my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, \@args);
1710 $prepared_bind ||= [];
1713 ? ($sql, $prepared_bind, $bind_attrs)
1714 : \[ "($sql)", @$prepared_bind ]
1719 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $attrs) = @_;
1721 my ($alias2source, $rs_alias) = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
1723 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1724 $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs} = {
1730 ? ( _source_handle => $alias2source->{$rs_alias}->handle )
1735 # calculate bind_attrs before possible $ident mangling
1736 my $bind_attrs = {};
1737 for my $alias (keys %$alias2source) {
1738 my $bindtypes = $self->source_bind_attributes ($alias2source->{$alias}) || {};
1739 for my $col (keys %$bindtypes) {
1741 my $fqcn = join ('.', $alias, $col);
1742 $bind_attrs->{$fqcn} = $bindtypes->{$col} if $bindtypes->{$col};
1744 # Unqialified column names are nice, but at the same time can be
1745 # rather ambiguous. What we do here is basically go along with
1746 # the loop, adding an unqualified column slot to $bind_attrs,
1747 # alongside the fully qualified name. As soon as we encounter
1748 # another column by that name (which would imply another table)
1749 # we unset the unqualified slot and never add any info to it
1750 # to avoid erroneous type binding. If this happens the users
1751 # only choice will be to fully qualify his column name
1753 if (exists $bind_attrs->{$col}) {
1754 $bind_attrs->{$col} = {};
1757 $bind_attrs->{$col} = $bind_attrs->{$fqcn};
1764 $attrs->{software_limit}
1766 $sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ"
1768 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1771 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1772 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1774 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
1775 $attrs->{rows} = 2**48 if not defined $attrs->{rows} and defined $attrs->{offset};
1780 # see if we need to tear the prefetch apart (either limited has_many or grouped prefetch)
1781 # otherwise delegate the limiting to the storage, unless software limit was requested
1783 ( $attrs->{rows} && keys %{$attrs->{collapse}} )
1785 ( $attrs->{group_by} && @{$attrs->{group_by}} &&
1786 $attrs->{_prefetch_select} && @{$attrs->{_prefetch_select}} )
1788 ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs)
1789 = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
1791 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
1792 push @limit, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1796 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $where
1797 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
1798 # expect a row object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
1799 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
1801 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
1802 # invoked, and that's just bad...
1806 { $attrs->{$_} ? ( $_ => $attrs->{$_} ) : () }
1807 (qw/order_by group_by having/ )
1810 return ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $where, $order, @limit);
1813 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
1814 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
1815 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
1816 # sense as a performance optimization
1818 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
1819 return { count => '*' };
1822 # Returns a SELECT which will end up in the subselect
1823 # There may or may not be a group_by, as the subquery
1824 # might have been called to accomodate a limit
1826 # Most databases would be happy with whatever ends up
1827 # here, but some choke in various ways.
1829 sub _subq_count_select {
1830 my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
1831 return $rs_attrs->{group_by} if $rs_attrs->{group_by};
1833 my @pcols = map { join '.', $rs_attrs->{alias}, $_ } ($source->primary_columns);
1834 return @pcols ? \@pcols : [ 1 ];
1837 sub source_bind_attributes {
1838 my ($self, $source) = @_;
1840 my $bind_attributes;
1841 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
1843 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
1844 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
1848 return $bind_attributes;
1855 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
1859 Handle a SQL select statement.
1865 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1866 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
1871 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
1872 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1873 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
1874 if(@row && @nextrow) {
1875 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
1877 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
1886 =item Arguments: $sql
1890 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
1895 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1897 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1898 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1899 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1900 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1902 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1903 # but apparently that's not true :(
1904 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
1910 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
1911 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql); # retry over disconnects
1914 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
1915 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
1917 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
1920 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
1921 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
1923 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
1925 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
1926 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
1927 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
1928 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
1929 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
1930 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
1932 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
1935 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
1939 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
1941 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
1942 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
1944 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
1945 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
1946 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
1948 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
1949 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
1950 $column_info{size} = $2;
1953 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
1957 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
1958 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
1959 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
1961 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
1962 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
1963 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
1964 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
1971 sub columns_info_for {
1972 my ($self, $table) = @_;
1973 $self->_dbh_columns_info_for ($self->_get_dbh, $table);
1976 =head2 last_insert_id
1978 Return the row id of the last insert.
1982 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
1983 # All Storage's need to register their own _dbh_last_insert_id
1984 # the old SQLite-based method was highly inappropriate
1987 my $class = ref $self;
1988 $self->throw_exception (<<EOE);
1990 No _dbh_last_insert_id() method found in $class.
1991 Since the method of obtaining the autoincrement id of the last insert
1992 operation varies greatly between different databases, this method must be
1993 individually implemented for every storage class.
1997 sub last_insert_id {
1999 $self->_dbh_last_insert_id ($self->_dbh, @_);
2002 =head2 _native_data_type
2006 =item Arguments: $type_name
2010 This API is B<EXPERIMENTAL>, will almost definitely change in the future, and
2011 currently only used by L<::AutoCast|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::AutoCast> and
2012 L<::Sybase|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Sybase>.
2014 The default implementation returns C<undef>, implement in your Storage driver if
2015 you need this functionality.
2017 Should map types from other databases to the native RDBMS type, for example
2018 C<VARCHAR2> to C<VARCHAR>.
2020 Types with modifiers should map to the underlying data type. For example,
2021 C<INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT> should become C<INTEGER>.
2023 Composite types should map to the container type, for example
2024 C<ENUM(foo,bar,baz)> becomes C<ENUM>.
2028 sub _native_data_type {
2029 #my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2033 # Check if placeholders are supported at all
2034 sub _placeholders_supported {
2036 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2038 # some drivers provide a $dbh attribute (e.g. Sybase and $dbh->{syb_dynamic_supported})
2039 # but it is inaccurate more often than not
2041 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2042 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2043 $dbh->do('select ?', {}, 1);
2048 # Check if placeholders bound to non-string types throw exceptions
2050 sub _typeless_placeholders_supported {
2052 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2055 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2056 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2057 # this specifically tests a bind that is NOT a string
2058 $dbh->do('select 1 where 1 = ?', {}, 1);
2065 Returns the database driver name.
2070 shift->_get_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
2073 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2075 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2076 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2077 let the database planner just handle it.
2079 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
2083 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2087 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2089 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2090 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2091 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2092 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2093 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2097 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2098 my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2100 return 0 unless $dt;
2102 return $dt =~ /^ (?:
2103 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2108 =head2 create_ddl_dir (EXPERIMENTAL)
2112 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2116 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2117 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2118 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2120 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2121 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2122 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2123 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2125 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2126 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2127 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2128 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2130 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2131 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2132 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2133 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_table_names> and
2134 C<quote_field_names>.
2136 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2140 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2142 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2144 =item directory - './'
2146 =item preversion - <none>
2150 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2152 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2154 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2155 hashref like the following
2157 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2160 Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly
2161 across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships.
2163 WARNING: Please check all SQL files created, before applying them.
2167 sub create_ddl_dir {
2168 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
2170 if(!$dir || !-d $dir) {
2171 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
2174 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
2175 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
2177 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2178 $version ||= $schema_version;
2181 add_drop_table => 1,
2182 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
2183 ignore_index_names => 1,
2187 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without SQL::Translator: " . $self->_sqlt_version_error)
2188 if !$self->_sqlt_version_ok;
2190 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
2192 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
2193 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
2194 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
2196 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
2198 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
2199 $sqlt->producer($db);
2202 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
2203 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
2204 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
2205 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
2209 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
2211 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
2214 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
2215 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
2218 print $file $output;
2221 next unless ($preversion);
2223 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
2225 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
2226 if(!-e $prefilename) {
2227 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
2231 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
2233 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
2239 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2244 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2246 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
2247 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2249 $source_schema = $t->schema;
2251 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
2252 unless ( $source_schema->name );
2255 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
2256 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
2257 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
2258 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
2260 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
2261 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2266 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2268 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
2269 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2271 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
2273 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
2274 unless $dest_schema->name;
2277 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
2281 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
2282 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
2290 =head2 deployment_statements
2294 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
2298 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
2300 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
2301 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
2303 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
2304 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
2305 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
2307 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
2308 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
2310 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
2314 sub deployment_statements {
2315 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
2316 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
2317 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2319 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
2323 open($file, "<$filename")
2324 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
2327 return join('', @rows);
2330 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without either SQL::Translator or a ddl_dir: " . $self->_sqlt_version_error )
2331 if !$self->_sqlt_version_ok;
2333 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
2335 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
2336 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
2338 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(
2339 producer => "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}",
2341 parser => 'SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class',
2345 my $ret = $tr->translate
2346 or $self->throw_exception( 'Unable to produce deployment statements: ' . $tr->error);
2352 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
2355 return if($line =~ /^--/);
2357 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
2358 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
2359 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
2360 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
2361 $self->_query_start($line);
2363 # do a dbh_do cycle here, as we need some error checking in
2364 # place (even though we will ignore errors)
2365 $self->dbh_do (sub { $_[1]->do($line) });
2368 carp qq{$@ (running "${line}")};
2370 $self->_query_end($line);
2372 my @statements = $self->deployment_statements($schema, $type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
2373 if (@statements > 1) {
2374 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
2375 $deploy->( $statement );
2378 elsif (@statements == 1) {
2379 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
2385 =head2 datetime_parser
2387 Returns the datetime parser class
2391 sub datetime_parser {
2393 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
2394 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
2398 =head2 datetime_parser_type
2400 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
2401 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
2405 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
2407 =head2 build_datetime_parser
2409 See L</datetime_parser>
2413 sub build_datetime_parser {
2415 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
2416 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($type);
2421 =head2 is_replicating
2423 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
2424 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
2425 returned by databases that don't support replication.
2429 sub is_replicating {
2434 =head2 lag_behind_master
2436 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
2437 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
2438 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
2442 sub lag_behind_master {
2446 # SQLT version handling
2448 my $_sqlt_version_ok; # private
2449 my $_sqlt_version_error; # private
2451 sub _sqlt_version_ok {
2452 if (!defined $_sqlt_version_ok) {
2453 eval "use SQL::Translator $minimum_sqlt_version";
2455 $_sqlt_version_ok = 0;
2456 $_sqlt_version_error = $@;
2459 $_sqlt_version_ok = 1;
2462 return $_sqlt_version_ok;
2465 sub _sqlt_version_error {
2466 shift->_sqlt_version_ok unless defined $_sqlt_version_ok;
2467 return $_sqlt_version_error;
2470 sub _sqlt_minimum_version { $minimum_sqlt_version };
2476 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
2478 # some databases need this to stop spewing warnings
2479 if (my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
2481 eval { $dbh->disconnect };
2491 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
2493 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
2494 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
2495 (the default) combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
2497 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
2498 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
2499 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
2500 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
2501 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
2502 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
2503 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
2509 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2511 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2515 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.