1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Storage::DBIHacks DBIx::Class::Storage/;
10 use DBIx::Class::Carp;
11 use Scalar::Util qw/refaddr weaken reftype blessed/;
12 use List::Util qw/first/;
13 use Sub::Name 'subname';
14 use Context::Preserve 'preserve_context';
17 use Data::Compare (); # no imports!!! guard against insane architecture
20 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
21 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
23 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/
24 sql_limit_dialect sql_quote_char sql_name_sep
27 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('component_class' => qw/sql_maker_class datetime_parser_type/);
29 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLMaker');
30 __PACKAGE__->datetime_parser_type('DateTime::Format::MySQL'); # historic default
32 __PACKAGE__->sql_name_sep('.');
34 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => qw/
35 _connect_info _dbic_connect_attributes _driver_determined
36 _dbh _dbh_details _conn_pid _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts _dbh_autocommit
37 _perform_autoinc_retrieval _autoinc_supplied_for_op
40 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
41 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
42 my @storage_options = qw/
43 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
44 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
46 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
49 # capability definitions, using a 2-tiered accessor system
52 # A driver/user may define _use_X, which blindly without any checks says:
53 # "(do not) use this capability", (use_dbms_capability is an "inherited"
56 # If _use_X is undef, _supports_X is then queried. This is a "simple" style
57 # accessor, which in turn calls _determine_supports_X, and stores the return
58 # in a special slot on the storage object, which is wiped every time a $dbh
59 # reconnection takes place (it is not guaranteed that upon reconnection we
60 # will get the same rdbms version). _determine_supports_X does not need to
61 # exist on a driver, as we ->can for it before calling.
63 my @capabilities = (qw/
65 insert_returning_bound
74 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( dbms_capability => map { "_supports_$_" } @capabilities );
75 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( use_dbms_capability => map { "_use_$_" } (@capabilities ) );
77 # on by default, not strictly a capability (pending rewrite)
78 __PACKAGE__->_use_join_optimizer (1);
79 sub _determine_supports_join_optimizer { 1 };
81 # Each of these methods need _determine_driver called before itself
82 # in order to function reliably. We also need to separate accessors
83 # from plain old method calls, since an accessor called as a setter
84 # does *not* need the driver determination loop fired (and in fact
85 # can produce hard to find bugs, like e.g. losing on_connect_*
86 # semantics on fresh connections)
88 # The construct below is simply a parameterized around()
89 my $storage_accessor_idx = { map { $_ => 1 } qw(
96 for my $meth (keys %$storage_accessor_idx, qw(
110 with_deferred_fk_checks
112 get_use_dbms_capability
119 my $orig = __PACKAGE__->can ($meth)
120 or die "$meth is not a ::Storage::DBI method!";
123 no warnings 'redefine';
124 *{__PACKAGE__ ."::$meth"} = subname $meth => sub {
126 # only fire when invoked on an instance, a valid class-based invocation
127 # would e.g. be setting a default for an inherited accessor
130 ! $_[0]->{_driver_determined}
132 ! $_[0]->{_in_determine_driver}
134 # if this is a known *setter* - just set it, no need to connect
135 # and determine the driver
136 ! ( $storage_accessor_idx->{$meth} and @_ > 1 )
138 # Only try to determine stuff if we have *something* that either is or can
139 # provide a DSN. Allows for bare $schema's generated with a plain ->connect()
140 # to still be marginally useful
141 $_[0]->_dbi_connect_info->[0]
143 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
145 # This for some reason crashes and burns on perl 5.8.1
146 # IFF the method ends up throwing an exception
147 #goto $_[0]->can ($meth);
149 my $cref = $_[0]->can ($meth);
159 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
163 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
165 $schema->storage->debug(1);
167 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
169 my ($storage, $dbh, @args) = @_;
170 $dbh->do("DROP TABLE authors");
175 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
176 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser->format_datetime(DateTime->now)
181 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
182 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
183 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
190 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
192 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
193 $new->_dbh_details({});
194 $new->{_in_do_block} = 0;
196 # read below to see what this does
197 $new->_arm_global_destructor;
202 # This is hack to work around perl shooting stuff in random
203 # order on exit(). If we do not walk the remaining storage
204 # objects in an END block, there is a *small but real* chance
205 # of a fork()ed child to kill the parent's shared DBI handle,
206 # *before perl reaches the DESTROY in this package*
207 # Yes, it is ugly and effective.
208 # Additionally this registry is used by the CLONE method to
209 # make sure no handles are shared between threads
211 my %seek_and_destroy;
213 sub _arm_global_destructor {
215 # quick "garbage collection" pass - prevents the registry
216 # from slowly growing with a bunch of undef-valued keys
217 defined $seek_and_destroy{$_} or delete $seek_and_destroy{$_}
218 for keys %seek_and_destroy;
221 $seek_and_destroy{ refaddr($_[0]) } = $_[0]
226 local $?; # just in case the DBI destructor changes it somehow
228 # destroy just the object if not native to this process
229 $_->_verify_pid for (grep
231 values %seek_and_destroy
236 # As per DBI's recommendation, DBIC disconnects all handles as
237 # soon as possible (DBIC will reconnect only on demand from within
239 my @instances = grep { defined $_ } values %seek_and_destroy;
240 %seek_and_destroy = ();
245 $_->transaction_depth(0);
248 # properly renumber existing refs
249 $_->_arm_global_destructor
257 # some databases spew warnings on implicit disconnect
258 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
259 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
262 # this op is necessary, since the very last perl runtime statement
263 # triggers a global destruction shootout, and the $SIG localization
264 # may very well be destroyed before perl actually gets to do the
269 # handle pid changes correctly - do not destroy parent's connection
273 my $pid = $self->_conn_pid;
274 if( defined $pid and $pid != $$ and my $dbh = $self->_dbh ) {
275 $dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
277 $self->transaction_depth(0);
278 $self->savepoints([]);
286 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
287 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
289 The argument list may contain:
295 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
296 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
297 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
298 recognized by DBIx::Class:
300 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
304 A single code reference which returns a connected
305 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
306 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
309 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
313 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
316 $connect_info_args = [{
324 $connect_info_args = [{
325 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect (...) },
330 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
331 following config (L<Config::General> style):
336 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
343 The C<dsn>/C<user>/C<password> combination can be substituted by the
344 C<dbh_maker> key whose value is a coderef that returns a connected
345 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
349 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
350 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
351 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
352 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
353 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
354 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
356 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
358 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES COMMON TO ALL HANDLES>
359 L<connection|DBI/Database Handle Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
360 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
361 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a separate hashref
362 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
364 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
365 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
366 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
373 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
374 the database. Its value may contain:
380 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
382 =item an array reference
384 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
385 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
387 =item a code reference
389 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
390 array reference, its return value is ignored.
394 =item on_disconnect_do
396 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
397 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
399 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
402 =item on_connect_call
404 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
405 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
407 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
411 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
413 Its values may contain:
419 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
421 =item a code reference
423 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
425 =item an array reference
427 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
429 =item an array of arrays
431 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
432 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
436 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
442 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
443 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
451 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
455 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
456 attributes hashref and bind values.
458 =item a code reference
460 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
467 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
468 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
469 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
471 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
472 implementation details.
476 =item on_disconnect_call
478 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
479 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
481 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
482 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
484 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
487 =item disable_sth_caching
489 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
490 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
494 Sets a specific SQL::Abstract::Limit-style limit dialect, overriding the
495 default L</sql_limit_dialect> setting of the storage (if any). For a list
496 of available limit dialects see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
500 When true automatically sets L</quote_char> and L</name_sep> to the characters
501 appropriate for your particular RDBMS. This option is preferred over specifying
502 L</quote_char> directly.
506 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names.
508 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
509 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
510 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
512 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
513 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
517 This parameter is only useful in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
518 specify the character that separates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
519 each other. If unspecified it defaults to the most commonly used C<.>.
523 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
524 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
525 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
526 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
528 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
529 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
530 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
531 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
533 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
534 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
535 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
539 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
540 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
541 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
545 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
546 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
550 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
551 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
553 # Simple SQLite connection
554 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
557 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
559 # Connect via subref in hashref
561 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect(...) },
562 on_connect_do => 'alter session ...',
565 # A bit more complicated
572 { quote_char => q{"} },
576 # Equivalent to the previous example
582 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
586 # Same, but with hashref as argument
587 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
590 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
592 password => 'my_pg_password',
599 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
602 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
606 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
607 disable_sth_caching => 1,
617 my ($self, $info) = @_;
619 return $self->_connect_info if !$info;
621 $self->_connect_info($info); # copy for _connect_info
623 $info = $self->_normalize_connect_info($info)
624 if ref $info eq 'ARRAY';
627 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
628 %{ $info->{attributes} || {} },
631 my @args = @{ $info->{arguments} };
633 if (keys %attrs and ref $args[0] ne 'CODE') {
635 'You provided explicit AutoCommit => 0 in your connection_info. '
636 . 'This is almost universally a bad idea (see the footnotes of '
637 . 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI for more info). If you still want to '
638 . 'do this you can set $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK} to disable '
640 ) if ! $attrs{AutoCommit} and ! $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK};
642 push @args, \%attrs if keys %attrs;
645 # this is the authoritative "always an arrayref" thing fed to DBI->connect
646 # OR a single-element coderef-based $dbh factory
647 $self->_dbi_connect_info(\@args);
649 # extract the individual storage options
650 for my $storage_opt (keys %{ $info->{storage_options} }) {
651 my $value = $info->{storage_options}{$storage_opt};
653 $self->$storage_opt($value);
656 # Extract the individual sqlmaker options
658 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
659 # the new set of options
660 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
661 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
663 for my $sql_maker_opt (keys %{ $info->{sql_maker_options} }) {
664 my $value = $info->{sql_maker_options}{$sql_maker_opt};
666 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $value;
670 # save attributes in a separate accessor so they are always
671 # introspectable, even in case of a CODE $dbhmaker
672 $self->_dbic_connect_attributes (\%attrs);
674 return $self->_connect_info;
677 sub _dbi_connect_info {
680 return $self->{_dbi_connect_info} = $_[0]
683 my $conninfo = $self->{_dbi_connect_info} || [];
685 # last ditch effort to grab a DSN
686 if ( ! defined $conninfo->[0] and $ENV{DBI_DSN} ) {
687 my @new_conninfo = @$conninfo;
688 $new_conninfo[0] = $ENV{DBI_DSN};
689 $conninfo = \@new_conninfo;
696 sub _normalize_connect_info {
697 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
700 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
702 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
705 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
706 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
709 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
710 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
712 if (my $code = delete $attrs{dbh_maker}) {
715 my @ignored = grep { delete $attrs{$_} } (qw/dsn user password/);
718 'Attribute(s) %s in connect_info were ignored, as they can not be applied '
719 . "to the result of 'dbh_maker'",
721 join (', ', map { "'$_'" } (@ignored) ),
726 @args = delete @attrs{qw/dsn user password/};
729 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
731 % { $args[3] || {} },
732 % { $args[4] || {} },
734 @args = @args[0,1,2];
737 $info{arguments} = \@args;
739 my @storage_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
740 @storage_options, 'cursor_class';
742 @{ $info{storage_options} }{@storage_opts} =
743 delete @attrs{@storage_opts} if @storage_opts;
745 my @sql_maker_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
746 qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep quote_names/;
748 @{ $info{sql_maker_options} }{@sql_maker_opts} =
749 delete @attrs{@sql_maker_opts} if @sql_maker_opts;
751 $info{attributes} = \%attrs if %attrs;
756 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes () {
761 ShowErrorStatement => 1,
767 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
771 =head2 on_disconnect_do
773 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
777 sub _parse_connect_do {
778 my ($self, $type) = @_;
780 my $val = $self->$type;
781 return () if not defined $val;
786 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
787 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
789 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
790 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
792 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
800 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
802 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
803 connection management.
805 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
806 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
807 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
809 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
810 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
812 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
813 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
814 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
818 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
820 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
821 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
822 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
831 my $run_target = shift; # either a coderef or a method name
833 # short circuit when we know there is no need for a runner
835 # FIXME - assumption may be wrong
836 # the rationale for the txn_depth check is that if this block is a part
837 # of a larger transaction, everything up to that point is screwed anyway
838 return $self->$run_target($self->_get_dbh, @_)
839 if $self->{_in_do_block} or $self->transaction_depth;
841 # take a ref instead of a copy, to preserve @_ aliasing
842 # semantics within the coderef, but only if needed
843 # (pseudoforking doesn't like this trick much)
844 my $args = @_ ? \@_ : [];
846 DBIx::Class::Storage::BlockRunner->new(
849 retry_handler => sub {
850 $_[0]->failed_attempt_count == 1
852 ! $_[0]->storage->connected
855 $self->$run_target ($self->_get_dbh, @$args )
860 $_[0]->_get_dbh; # connects or reconnects on pid change, necessary to grab correct txn_depth
861 shift->next::method(@_);
866 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
867 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
877 push @actions, ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () );
878 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do');
880 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
882 # stops the "implicit rollback on disconnect" warning
883 $self->_exec_txn_rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
885 %{ $self->_dbh->{CachedKids} } = ();
886 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
891 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
895 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
897 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
901 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
902 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
906 # Storage subclasses should override this
907 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
908 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
916 =item Arguments: none
918 =item Return Value: 1|0
922 Verifies that the current database handle is active and ready to execute
923 an SQL statement (e.g. the connection did not get stale, server is still
924 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
930 return 0 unless $self->_seems_connected;
933 local $self->_dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
938 sub _seems_connected {
941 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
943 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
946 return $dbh->FETCH('Active');
952 my $dbh = $self->_dbh or return 0;
957 sub ensure_connected {
960 unless ($self->connected) {
961 $self->_populate_dbh;
967 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
968 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
969 necessary performing a reconnection before returning. Keep in mind that this
970 is very B<expensive> on some database engines. Consider using L</dbh_do>
978 if (not $self->_dbh) {
979 $self->_populate_dbh;
981 $self->ensure_connected;
986 # this is the internal "get dbh or connect (don't check)" method
989 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
990 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
994 # *DELIBERATELY* not a setter (for the time being)
995 # Too intertwined with everything else for any kind of sanity
999 $self->throw_exception('sql_maker() is not a setter method') if @_;
1001 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
1002 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
1004 my %opts = %{$self->_sql_maker_opts||{}};
1006 $opts{limit_dialect}
1008 $self->sql_limit_dialect
1011 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1013 "Your storage class ($s_class) does not set sql_limit_dialect and you "
1014 . 'have not supplied an explicit limit_dialect in your connection_info. '
1015 . 'DBIC will attempt to use the GenericSubQ dialect, which works on most '
1016 . 'databases but can be (and often is) painfully slow. '
1017 . "Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class'"
1018 ) if $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0];
1024 my ($quote_char, $name_sep);
1026 if ($opts{quote_names}) {
1027 $quote_char = (delete $opts{quote_char}) || $self->sql_quote_char || do {
1028 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1030 "You requested 'quote_names' but your storage class ($s_class) does "
1031 . 'not explicitly define a default sql_quote_char and you have not '
1032 . 'supplied a quote_char as part of your connection_info. DBIC will '
1033 .q{default to the ANSI SQL standard quote '"', which works most of }
1034 . "the time. Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class'."
1040 $name_sep = (delete $opts{name_sep}) || $self->sql_name_sep;
1043 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new(
1044 bindtype=>'columns',
1045 array_datatypes => 1,
1046 limit_dialect => $dialect,
1047 ($quote_char ? (quote_char => $quote_char) : ()),
1048 name_sep => ($name_sep || '.'),
1052 return $self->_sql_maker;
1055 # nothing to do by default
1062 $self->_dbh(undef); # in case ->connected failed we might get sent here
1063 $self->_dbh_details({}); # reset everything we know
1064 $self->_sql_maker(undef); # this may also end up being different
1066 $self->_dbh($self->_connect);
1068 $self->_conn_pid($$) unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK; # on win32 these are in fact threads
1070 $self->_determine_driver;
1072 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
1073 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
1074 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1076 $self->_run_connection_actions unless $self->{_in_determine_driver};
1079 sub _run_connection_actions {
1083 push @actions, ( $self->on_connect_call || () );
1084 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do');
1086 $self->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
1091 sub set_use_dbms_capability {
1092 $_[0]->set_inherited ($_[1], $_[2]);
1095 sub get_use_dbms_capability {
1096 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1098 my $use = $self->get_inherited ($capname);
1101 : do { $capname =~ s/^_use_/_supports_/; $self->get_dbms_capability ($capname) }
1105 sub set_dbms_capability {
1106 $_[0]->_dbh_details->{capability}{$_[1]} = $_[2];
1109 sub get_dbms_capability {
1110 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1112 my $cap = $self->_dbh_details->{capability}{$capname};
1114 unless (defined $cap) {
1115 if (my $meth = $self->can ("_determine$capname")) {
1116 $cap = $self->$meth ? 1 : 0;
1122 $self->set_dbms_capability ($capname, $cap);
1132 unless ($info = $self->_dbh_details->{info}) {
1136 my $server_version = try {
1137 $self->_get_server_version
1139 # driver determination *may* use this codepath
1140 # in which case we must rethrow
1141 $self->throw_exception($_) if $self->{_in_determine_driver};
1143 # $server_version on failure
1147 if (defined $server_version) {
1148 $info->{dbms_version} = $server_version;
1150 my ($numeric_version) = $server_version =~ /^([\d\.]+)/;
1151 my @verparts = split (/\./, $numeric_version);
1157 # consider only up to 3 version parts, iff not more than 3 digits
1159 while (@verparts && @use_parts < 3) {
1160 my $p = shift @verparts;
1162 push @use_parts, $p;
1164 push @use_parts, 0 while @use_parts < 3;
1166 $info->{normalized_dbms_version} = sprintf "%d.%03d%03d", @use_parts;
1170 $self->_dbh_details->{info} = $info;
1176 sub _get_server_version {
1177 shift->_dbh_get_info('SQL_DBMS_VER');
1181 my ($self, $info) = @_;
1183 if ($info =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1184 require DBI::Const::GetInfoType;
1185 $info = $DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType{$info};
1186 $self->throw_exception("Info type '$_[1]' not provided by DBI::Const::GetInfoType")
1187 unless defined $info;
1190 $self->_get_dbh->get_info($info);
1193 sub _describe_connection {
1194 require DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn;
1200 $drv = $self->_extract_driver_from_connect_info;
1201 $self->ensure_connected;
1204 $drv = "DBD::$drv" if $drv;
1207 DBIC_DSN => $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0],
1208 DBI_VER => DBI->VERSION,
1209 DBIC_VER => DBIx::Class->VERSION,
1210 DBIC_DRIVER => ref $self,
1213 DBD_VER => try { $drv->VERSION },
1217 # try to grab data even if we never managed to connect
1218 # will cover us in cases of an oddly broken half-connect
1220 #keys %DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType,
1222 SQL_CURSOR_COMMIT_BEHAVIOR
1223 SQL_CURSOR_ROLLBACK_BEHAVIOR
1224 SQL_CURSOR_SENSITIVITY
1225 SQL_DATA_SOURCE_NAME
1228 SQL_DEFAULT_TXN_ISOLATION
1233 SQL_EXPRESSIONS_IN_ORDERBY
1236 SQL_IDENTIFIER_QUOTE_CHAR
1237 SQL_MAX_CATALOG_NAME_LEN
1238 SQL_MAX_COLUMN_NAME_LEN
1239 SQL_MAX_IDENTIFIER_LEN
1240 SQL_MAX_TABLE_NAME_LEN
1241 SQL_MULTIPLE_ACTIVE_TXN
1242 SQL_MULT_RESULT_SETS
1243 SQL_NEED_LONG_DATA_LEN
1244 SQL_NON_NULLABLE_COLUMNS
1246 SQL_QUALIFIER_NAME_SEPARATOR
1247 SQL_QUOTED_IDENTIFIER_CASE
1249 SQL_TXN_ISOLATION_OPTION
1252 # some drivers barf on things they do not know about instead
1253 # of returning undef
1254 my $v = try { $self->_dbh_get_info($inf) };
1255 next unless defined $v;
1257 #my $key = sprintf( '%s(%s)', $inf, $DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType{$inf} );
1258 my $expl = DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn::Explain($inf, $v);
1259 $res->{$inf} = DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn::Format($inf, $v) . ( $expl ? " ($expl)" : '' );
1265 sub _determine_driver {
1268 if ((not $self->_driver_determined) && (not $self->{_in_determine_driver})) {
1269 my $started_connected = 0;
1270 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1;
1272 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
1274 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
1275 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1276 $started_connected = 1;
1279 $driver = $self->_extract_driver_from_connect_info;
1283 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
1284 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
1285 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3');
1286 bless $self, $storage_class;
1290 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1291 'This version of DBIC does not yet seem to supply a driver for '
1292 . "your particular RDBMS and/or connection method ('$driver')."
1297 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1298 'Unable to extract a driver name from connect info - this '
1299 . 'should not have happened.'
1304 $self->_driver_determined(1);
1306 Class::C3->reinitialize() if DBIx::Class::_ENV_::OLD_MRO;
1308 if ($self->can('source_bind_attributes')) {
1309 $self->throw_exception(
1310 "Your storage subclass @{[ ref $self ]} provides (or inherits) the method "
1311 . 'source_bind_attributes() for which support has been removed as of Jan 2013. '
1312 . 'If you are not sure how to proceed please contact the development team via '
1313 . 'http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBIx-Class/lib/DBIx/Class.pm#GETTING_HELP/SUPPORT'
1317 $self->_init; # run driver-specific initializations
1319 $self->_run_connection_actions
1320 if !$started_connected && defined $self->_dbh;
1324 sub _extract_driver_from_connect_info {
1329 # if connect_info is a CODEREF, we have no choice but to connect
1331 ref $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0]
1333 reftype $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1335 $self->_populate_dbh;
1336 $drv = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1339 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
1340 # force a connection later in _rebless to determine version
1341 # (dsn may not be supplied at all if all we do is make a mock-schema)
1342 ($drv) = ($self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] || '') =~ /^dbi:([^:]+):/i;
1343 $drv ||= $ENV{DBI_DRIVER};
1349 sub _determine_connector_driver {
1350 my ($self, $conn) = @_;
1352 my $dbtype = $self->_dbh_get_info('SQL_DBMS_NAME');
1355 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1356 'Unable to retrieve RDBMS type (SQL_DBMS_NAME) of the engine behind your '
1357 . "$conn connector - this should not have happened."
1362 $dbtype =~ s/\W/_/gi;
1364 my $subclass = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${conn}::${dbtype}";
1365 return if $self->isa($subclass);
1367 if ($self->load_optional_class($subclass)) {
1368 bless $self, $subclass;
1372 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1373 'This version of DBIC does not yet seem to supply a driver for '
1374 . "your particular RDBMS and/or connection method ('$conn/$dbtype')."
1379 sub _warn_undetermined_driver {
1380 my ($self, $msg) = @_;
1382 require Data::Dumper::Concise;
1384 carp_once ($msg . ' While we will attempt to continue anyway, the results '
1385 . 'are likely to be underwhelming. Please upgrade DBIC, and if this message '
1386 . "does not go away, file a bugreport including the following info:\n"
1387 . Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper($self->_describe_connection)
1391 sub _do_connection_actions {
1393 my $method_prefix = shift;
1396 if (not ref($call)) {
1397 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
1399 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
1401 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
1402 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
1403 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
1405 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
1408 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
1414 sub connect_call_do_sql {
1416 $self->_do_query(@_);
1419 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
1421 $self->_do_query(@_);
1424 # override in db-specific backend when necessary
1425 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
1428 my ($self, $action) = @_;
1430 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
1431 $action = $action->($self);
1432 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
1435 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
1436 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
1437 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
1438 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
1439 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
1440 my $sql = shift @do_args;
1441 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
1442 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
1445 $_[0]->_query_start($sql, \@bind);
1446 $_[1]->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
1447 $_[0]->_query_end($sql, \@bind);
1457 my $info = $self->_dbi_connect_info;
1459 $self->throw_exception("You did not provide any connection_info")
1460 unless defined $info->[0];
1462 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
1464 local $DBI::connect_via = 'connect' if $INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL};
1466 # this odd anonymous coderef dereference is in fact really
1467 # necessary to avoid the unwanted effect described in perl5
1470 # in addition the coderef itself can't reside inside the try{} block below
1471 # as it somehow triggers a leak under perl -d
1472 my $dbh_error_handler_installer = sub {
1473 weaken (my $weak_self = $_[0]);
1475 # the coderef is blessed so we can distinguish it from externally
1476 # supplied handles (which must be preserved)
1477 $_[1]->{HandleError} = bless sub {
1479 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1482 # the handler may be invoked by something totally out of
1484 DBIx::Class::Exception->throw("DBI Exception (unhandled by DBIC, ::Schema GCed): $_[0]");
1486 }, '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1490 if(ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE') {
1491 $dbh = $info->[0]->();
1495 $dbh = DBI->connect(@$info);
1498 die $DBI::errstr unless $dbh;
1500 die sprintf ("%s fresh DBI handle with a *false* 'Active' attribute. "
1501 . 'This handle is disconnected as far as DBIC is concerned, and we can '
1503 ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1504 ? "Connection coderef $info->[0] returned a"
1505 : 'DBI->connect($schema->storage->connect_info) resulted in a'
1506 ) unless $dbh->FETCH('Active');
1508 # sanity checks unless asked otherwise
1509 unless ($self->unsafe) {
1511 $self->throw_exception(
1512 'Refusing clobbering of {HandleError} installed on externally supplied '
1513 ."DBI handle $dbh. Either remove the handler or use the 'unsafe' attribute."
1514 ) if $dbh->{HandleError} and ref $dbh->{HandleError} ne '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1516 # Default via _default_dbi_connect_attributes is 1, hence it was an explicit
1517 # request, or an external handle. Complain and set anyway
1518 unless ($dbh->{RaiseError}) {
1519 carp( ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1521 ? "The 'RaiseError' of the externally supplied DBI handle is set to false. "
1522 ."DBIx::Class will toggle it back to true, unless the 'unsafe' connect "
1523 .'attribute has been supplied'
1525 : 'RaiseError => 0 supplied in your connection_info, without an explicit '
1526 .'unsafe => 1. Toggling RaiseError back to true'
1529 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1532 $dbh_error_handler_installer->($self, $dbh);
1536 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: $_")
1539 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1546 # this means we have not yet connected and do not know the AC status
1547 # (e.g. coderef $dbh), need a full-fledged connection check
1548 if (! defined $self->_dbh_autocommit) {
1549 $self->ensure_connected;
1551 # Otherwise simply connect or re-connect on pid changes
1556 $self->next::method(@_);
1559 sub _exec_txn_begin {
1562 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for him, otherwise we need to
1563 # ensure that the $dbh is healthy on BEGIN.
1564 # We do this via ->dbh_do instead of ->dbh, so that the ->dbh "ping"
1565 # will be replaced by a failure of begin_work itself (which will be
1566 # then retried on reconnect)
1567 if ($self->{_in_do_block}) {
1568 $self->_dbh->begin_work;
1570 $self->dbh_do(sub { $_[1]->begin_work });
1577 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
1578 $self->throw_exception("Unable to txn_commit() on a disconnected storage")
1581 # esoteric case for folks using external $dbh handles
1582 if (! $self->transaction_depth and ! $self->_dbh->FETCH('AutoCommit') ) {
1583 carp "Storage transaction_depth 0 does not match "
1584 ."false AutoCommit of $self->{_dbh}, attempting COMMIT anyway";
1585 $self->transaction_depth(1);
1588 $self->next::method(@_);
1590 # if AutoCommit is disabled txn_depth never goes to 0
1591 # as a new txn is started immediately on commit
1592 $self->transaction_depth(1) if (
1593 !$self->transaction_depth
1595 defined $self->_dbh_autocommit
1597 ! $self->_dbh_autocommit
1601 sub _exec_txn_commit {
1602 shift->_dbh->commit;
1608 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
1609 $self->throw_exception("Unable to txn_rollback() on a disconnected storage")
1612 # esoteric case for folks using external $dbh handles
1613 if (! $self->transaction_depth and ! $self->_dbh->FETCH('AutoCommit') ) {
1614 carp "Storage transaction_depth 0 does not match "
1615 ."false AutoCommit of $self->{_dbh}, attempting ROLLBACK anyway";
1616 $self->transaction_depth(1);
1619 $self->next::method(@_);
1621 # if AutoCommit is disabled txn_depth never goes to 0
1622 # as a new txn is started immediately on commit
1623 $self->transaction_depth(1) if (
1624 !$self->transaction_depth
1626 defined $self->_dbh_autocommit
1628 ! $self->_dbh_autocommit
1632 sub _exec_txn_rollback {
1633 shift->_dbh->rollback;
1636 # generate some identical methods
1637 for my $meth (qw/svp_begin svp_release svp_rollback/) {
1639 *{__PACKAGE__ ."::$meth"} = subname $meth => sub {
1641 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
1642 $self->throw_exception("Unable to $meth() on a disconnected storage")
1644 $self->next::method(@_);
1648 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1649 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1650 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1651 sub _prep_for_execute {
1652 #my ($self, $op, $ident, $args) = @_;
1653 return shift->_gen_sql_bind(@_)
1657 my ($self, $op, $ident, $args) = @_;
1659 my ($colinfos, $from);
1660 if ( blessed($ident) ) {
1661 $from = $ident->from;
1662 $colinfos = $ident->columns_info;
1666 ($sql, @$bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op( ($from || $ident), @$args );
1668 $bind = $self->_resolve_bindattrs(
1669 $ident, [ @{$args->[2]{bind}||[]}, @$bind ], $colinfos
1673 ! $ENV{DBIC_DT_SEARCH_OK}
1682 $_->[1]->isa('DateTime')
1685 carp_unique 'DateTime objects passed to search() are not supported '
1686 . 'properly (InflateColumn::DateTime formats and settings are not '
1687 . 'respected.) See "Formatting DateTime objects in queries" in '
1688 . 'DBIx::Class::Manual::Cookbook. To disable this warning for good '
1689 . 'set $ENV{DBIC_DT_SEARCH_OK} to true'
1692 return( $sql, $bind );
1695 sub _resolve_bindattrs {
1696 my ($self, $ident, $bind, $colinfos) = @_;
1698 my $resolve_bindinfo = sub {
1699 #my $infohash = shift;
1701 $colinfos ||= { %{ $self->_resolve_column_info($ident) } };
1704 if (my $col = $_[0]->{dbic_colname}) {
1705 $ret = { %{$_[0]} };
1707 $ret->{sqlt_datatype} ||= $colinfos->{$col}{data_type}
1708 if $colinfos->{$col}{data_type};
1710 $ret->{sqlt_size} ||= $colinfos->{$col}{size}
1711 if $colinfos->{$col}{size};
1719 ( ref $_ ne 'ARRAY' or @$_ != 2 ) ? [ {}, $_ ]
1720 : ( ! defined $_->[0] ) ? [ {}, $_->[1] ]
1721 : (ref $_->[0] eq 'HASH') ? [(
1724 exists $_->[0]{dbd_attrs}
1726 $_->[0]{sqlt_datatype}
1728 : $resolve_bindinfo->($_->[0])
1731 : (ref $_->[0] eq 'SCALAR') ? [ { sqlt_datatype => ${$_->[0]} }, $_->[1] ]
1732 : [ $resolve_bindinfo->(
1733 { dbic_colname => $_->[0] }
1738 ! exists $resolved->[0]{dbd_attrs}
1740 ! $resolved->[0]{sqlt_datatype}
1742 length ref $resolved->[1]
1744 ! overload::Method($resolved->[1], '""')
1746 require Data::Dumper;
1747 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 1;
1748 local $Data::Dumper::Terse = 1;
1749 local $Data::Dumper::Useqq = 1;
1750 local $Data::Dumper::Indent = 0;
1751 local $Data::Dumper::Pad = ' ';
1752 $self->throw_exception(
1753 'You must supply a datatype/bindtype (see DBIx::Class::ResultSet/DBIC BIND VALUES) '
1754 . 'for non-scalar value '. Data::Dumper::Dumper ($resolved->[1])
1763 sub _format_for_trace {
1764 #my ($self, $bind) = @_;
1766 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1767 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ \%attrs, 3 ] )
1769 ### ( "'1'", "'3'" )
1772 defined( $_ && $_->[1] )
1779 my ( $self, $sql, $bind ) = @_;
1781 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, $self->_format_for_trace($bind) )
1786 my ( $self, $sql, $bind ) = @_;
1788 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, $self->_format_for_trace($bind) )
1792 sub _dbi_attrs_for_bind {
1793 my ($self, $ident, $bind) = @_;
1797 for (map { $_->[0] } @$bind) {
1799 if (exists $_->{dbd_attrs}) {
1802 elsif($_->{sqlt_datatype}) {
1803 # cache the result in the dbh_details hash, as it can not change unless
1804 # we connect to something else
1805 my $cache = $self->_dbh_details->{_datatype_map_cache} ||= {};
1806 if (not exists $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}}) {
1807 $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($_->{sqlt_datatype}) || undef;
1809 $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}};
1812 undef; # always push something at this position
1821 my ($self, $op, $ident, @args) = @_;
1823 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $ident, \@args);
1825 # not even a PID check - we do not care about the state of the _dbh.
1826 # All we need is to get the appropriate drivers loaded if they aren't
1827 # already so that the assumption in ad7c50fc26e holds
1828 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
1830 $self->dbh_do( _dbh_execute => # retry over disconnects
1833 $self->_dbi_attrs_for_bind($ident, $bind),
1838 my ($self, $dbh, $sql, $bind, $bind_attrs) = @_;
1840 $self->_query_start( $sql, $bind );
1842 my $sth = $self->_bind_sth_params(
1843 $self->_prepare_sth($dbh, $sql),
1848 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1849 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1850 $self->throw_exception(
1851 $sth->errstr || $sth->err || 'Unknown error: execute() returned false, but error flags were not set...'
1854 $self->_query_end( $sql, $bind );
1856 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1860 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1862 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1863 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1864 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1865 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1867 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1868 # but apparently that's not true :(
1869 $self->throw_exception(
1872 sprintf( "\$dbh->prepare() of '%s' through %s failed *silently* without "
1873 .'an exception and/or setting $dbh->errstr',
1875 ? substr($sql, 0, 20) . '...'
1878 'DBD::' . $dbh->{Driver}{Name},
1885 sub _bind_sth_params {
1886 my ($self, $sth, $bind, $bind_attrs) = @_;
1888 for my $i (0 .. $#$bind) {
1889 if (ref $bind->[$i][1] eq 'SCALAR') { # any scalarrefs are assumed to be bind_inouts
1890 $sth->bind_param_inout(
1891 $i + 1, # bind params counts are 1-based
1893 $bind->[$i][0]{dbd_size} || $self->_max_column_bytesize($bind->[$i][0]), # size
1898 # FIXME SUBOPTIMAL - most likely this is not necessary at all
1899 # confirm with dbi-dev whether explicit stringification is needed
1900 my $v = ( length ref $bind->[$i][1] and overload::Method($bind->[$i][1], '""') )
1915 sub _prefetch_autovalues {
1916 my ($self, $source, $colinfo, $to_insert) = @_;
1919 for my $col (keys %$colinfo) {
1921 $colinfo->{$col}{auto_nextval}
1924 ! exists $to_insert->{$col}
1926 ref $to_insert->{$col} eq 'SCALAR'
1928 (ref $to_insert->{$col} eq 'REF' and ref ${$to_insert->{$col}} eq 'ARRAY')
1931 $values{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1933 ( $colinfo->{$col}{sequence} ||=
1934 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->_get_dbh, $source, $col)
1944 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1946 my $col_infos = $source->columns_info;
1948 my $prefetched_values = $self->_prefetch_autovalues($source, $col_infos, $to_insert);
1950 # fuse the values, but keep a separate list of prefetched_values so that
1951 # they can be fused once again with the final return
1952 $to_insert = { %$to_insert, %$prefetched_values };
1954 # FIXME - we seem to assume undef values as non-supplied. This is wrong.
1955 # Investigate what does it take to s/defined/exists/
1956 my %pcols = map { $_ => 1 } $source->primary_columns;
1957 my (%retrieve_cols, $autoinc_supplied, $retrieve_autoinc_col);
1958 for my $col ($source->columns) {
1959 if ($col_infos->{$col}{is_auto_increment}) {
1960 $autoinc_supplied ||= 1 if defined $to_insert->{$col};
1961 $retrieve_autoinc_col ||= $col unless $autoinc_supplied;
1964 # nothing to retrieve when explicit values are supplied
1965 next if (defined $to_insert->{$col} and ! (
1966 ref $to_insert->{$col} eq 'SCALAR'
1968 (ref $to_insert->{$col} eq 'REF' and ref ${$to_insert->{$col}} eq 'ARRAY')
1971 # the 'scalar keys' is a trick to preserve the ->columns declaration order
1972 $retrieve_cols{$col} = scalar keys %retrieve_cols if (
1975 $col_infos->{$col}{retrieve_on_insert}
1979 local $self->{_autoinc_supplied_for_op} = $autoinc_supplied;
1980 local $self->{_perform_autoinc_retrieval} = $retrieve_autoinc_col;
1982 my ($sqla_opts, @ir_container);
1983 if (%retrieve_cols and $self->_use_insert_returning) {
1984 $sqla_opts->{returning_container} = \@ir_container
1985 if $self->_use_insert_returning_bound;
1987 $sqla_opts->{returning} = [
1988 sort { $retrieve_cols{$a} <=> $retrieve_cols{$b} } keys %retrieve_cols
1992 my ($rv, $sth) = $self->_execute('insert', $source, $to_insert, $sqla_opts);
1994 my %returned_cols = %$to_insert;
1995 if (my $retlist = $sqla_opts->{returning}) { # if IR is supported - we will get everything in one set
1996 @ir_container = try {
1997 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
1998 my @r = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2001 } unless @ir_container;
2003 @returned_cols{@$retlist} = @ir_container if @ir_container;
2006 # pull in PK if needed and then everything else
2007 if (my @missing_pri = grep { $pcols{$_} } keys %retrieve_cols) {
2009 $self->throw_exception( "Missing primary key but Storage doesn't support last_insert_id" )
2010 unless $self->can('last_insert_id');
2012 my @pri_values = $self->last_insert_id($source, @missing_pri);
2014 $self->throw_exception( "Can't get last insert id" )
2015 unless (@pri_values == @missing_pri);
2017 @returned_cols{@missing_pri} = @pri_values;
2018 delete @retrieve_cols{@missing_pri};
2021 # if there is more left to pull
2022 if (%retrieve_cols) {
2023 $self->throw_exception(
2024 'Unable to retrieve additional columns without a Primary Key on ' . $source->source_name
2027 my @left_to_fetch = sort { $retrieve_cols{$a} <=> $retrieve_cols{$b} } keys %retrieve_cols;
2029 my $cur = DBIx::Class::ResultSet->new($source, {
2030 where => { map { $_ => $returned_cols{$_} } (keys %pcols) },
2031 select => \@left_to_fetch,
2034 @returned_cols{@left_to_fetch} = $cur->next;
2036 $self->throw_exception('Duplicate row returned for PK-search after fresh insert')
2037 if scalar $cur->next;
2041 return { %$prefetched_values, %returned_cols };
2045 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
2047 my @col_range = (0..$#$cols);
2049 # FIXME SUBOPTIMAL - most likely this is not necessary at all
2050 # confirm with dbi-dev whether explicit stringification is needed
2052 # forcibly stringify whatever is stringifiable
2053 # ResultSet::populate() hands us a copy - safe to mangle
2054 for my $r (0 .. $#$data) {
2055 for my $c (0 .. $#{$data->[$r]}) {
2056 $data->[$r][$c] = "$data->[$r][$c]"
2057 if ( length ref $data->[$r][$c] and overload::Method($data->[$r][$c], '""') );
2061 my $colinfos = $source->columns_info($cols);
2063 local $self->{_autoinc_supplied_for_op} =
2064 (first { $_->{is_auto_increment} } values %$colinfos)
2069 # get a slice type index based on first row of data
2070 # a "column" in this context may refer to more than one bind value
2071 # e.g. \[ '?, ?', [...], [...] ]
2073 # construct the value type index - a description of values types for every
2074 # per-column slice of $data:
2076 # nonexistent - nonbind literal
2078 # [] of bindattrs - resolved attribute(s) of bind(s) passed via literal+bind \[] combo
2080 # also construct the column hash to pass to the SQL generator. For plain
2081 # (non literal) values - convert the members of the first row into a
2082 # literal+bind combo, with extra positional info in the bind attr hashref.
2083 # This will allow us to match the order properly, and is so contrived
2084 # because a user-supplied literal/bind (or something else specific to a
2085 # resultsource and/or storage driver) can inject extra binds along the
2086 # way, so one can't rely on "shift positions" ordering at all. Also we
2087 # can't just hand SQLA a set of some known "values" (e.g. hashrefs that
2088 # can be later matched up by address), because we want to supply a real
2089 # value on which perhaps e.g. datatype checks will be performed
2090 my ($proto_data, $value_type_by_col_idx);
2091 for my $i (@col_range) {
2092 my $colname = $cols->[$i];
2093 if (ref $data->[0][$i] eq 'SCALAR') {
2094 # no bind value at all - no type
2096 $proto_data->{$colname} = $data->[0][$i];
2098 elsif (ref $data->[0][$i] eq 'REF' and ref ${$data->[0][$i]} eq 'ARRAY' ) {
2099 # repack, so we don't end up mangling the original \[]
2100 my ($sql, @bind) = @${$data->[0][$i]};
2102 # normalization of user supplied stuff
2103 my $resolved_bind = $self->_resolve_bindattrs(
2104 $source, \@bind, $colinfos,
2107 # store value-less (attrs only) bind info - we will be comparing all
2108 # supplied binds against this for sanity
2109 $value_type_by_col_idx->{$i} = [ map { $_->[0] } @$resolved_bind ];
2111 $proto_data->{$colname} = \[ $sql, map { [
2112 # inject slice order to use for $proto_bind construction
2113 { %{$resolved_bind->[$_][0]}, _bind_data_slice_idx => $i, _literal_bind_subindex => $_+1 }
2115 $resolved_bind->[$_][1]
2120 $value_type_by_col_idx->{$i} = undef;
2122 $proto_data->{$colname} = \[ '?', [
2123 { dbic_colname => $colname, _bind_data_slice_idx => $i }
2130 my ($sql, $proto_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute (
2136 if (! @$proto_bind and keys %$value_type_by_col_idx) {
2137 # if the bindlist is empty and we had some dynamic binds, this means the
2138 # storage ate them away (e.g. the NoBindVars component) and interpolated
2139 # them directly into the SQL. This obviously can't be good for multi-inserts
2140 $self->throw_exception('Cannot insert_bulk without support for placeholders');
2144 # FIXME - devise a flag "no babysitting" or somesuch to shut this off
2146 # use an error reporting closure for convenience (less to pass)
2147 my $bad_slice_report_cref = sub {
2148 my ($msg, $r_idx, $c_idx) = @_;
2149 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for column '%s' in populate slice:\n%s",
2153 require Data::Dumper::Concise;
2154 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 5;
2155 Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper ({
2156 map { $cols->[$_] =>
2164 for my $col_idx (@col_range) {
2165 my $reference_val = $data->[0][$col_idx];
2167 for my $row_idx (1..$#$data) { # we are comparing against what we got from [0] above, hence start from 1
2168 my $val = $data->[$row_idx][$col_idx];
2170 if (! exists $value_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx}) { # literal no binds
2171 if (ref $val ne 'SCALAR') {
2172 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2173 "Incorrect value (expecting SCALAR-ref \\'$$reference_val')",
2178 elsif ($$val ne $$reference_val) {
2179 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2180 "Inconsistent literal SQL value (expecting \\'$$reference_val')",
2186 elsif (! defined $value_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx} ) { # regular non-literal value
2187 if (ref $val eq 'SCALAR' or (ref $val eq 'REF' and ref $$val eq 'ARRAY') ) {
2188 $bad_slice_report_cref->("Literal SQL found where a plain bind value is expected", $row_idx, $col_idx);
2191 else { # binds from a \[], compare type and attrs
2192 if (ref $val ne 'REF' or ref $$val ne 'ARRAY') {
2193 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2194 "Incorrect value (expecting ARRAYREF-ref \\['${$reference_val}->[0]', ... ])",
2199 # start drilling down and bail out early on identical refs
2201 $reference_val != $val
2203 $$reference_val != $$val
2205 if (${$val}->[0] ne ${$reference_val}->[0]) {
2206 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2207 "Inconsistent literal/bind SQL (expecting \\['${$reference_val}->[0]', ... ])",
2212 # need to check the bind attrs - a bind will happen only once for
2213 # the entire dataset, so any changes further down will be ignored.
2214 elsif (! Data::Compare::Compare(
2215 $value_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx},
2219 @{$self->_resolve_bindattrs(
2220 $source, [ @{$$val}[1 .. $#$$val] ], $colinfos,
2224 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2225 'Differing bind attributes on literal/bind values not supported',
2235 # neither _dbh_execute_for_fetch, nor _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds
2236 # are atomic (even if execute_for_fetch is a single call). Thus a safety
2238 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
2240 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$proto_bind ? [[undef => '__BULK_INSERT__' ]] : () );
2241 my $sth = $self->_prepare_sth($self->_dbh, $sql);
2244 # proto bind contains the information on which pieces of $data to pull
2245 # $cols is passed in only for prettier error-reporting
2246 $self->_dbh_execute_for_fetch( $source, $sth, $proto_bind, $cols, $data );
2249 # bind_param_array doesn't work if there are no binds
2250 $self->_dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds( $sth, scalar @$data );
2254 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$proto_bind ? [[ undef => '__BULK_INSERT__' ]] : () );
2258 return wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$proto_bind) : $rv;
2261 # execute_for_fetch is capable of returning data just fine (it means it
2262 # can be used for INSERT...RETURNING and UPDATE...RETURNING. Since this
2263 # is the void-populate fast-path we will just ignore this altogether
2264 # for the time being.
2265 sub _dbh_execute_for_fetch {
2266 my ($self, $source, $sth, $proto_bind, $cols, $data) = @_;
2268 my @idx_range = ( 0 .. $#$proto_bind );
2270 # If we have any bind attributes to take care of, we will bind the
2271 # proto-bind data (which will never be used by execute_for_fetch)
2272 # However since column bindtypes are "sticky", this is sufficient
2273 # to get the DBD to apply the bindtype to all values later on
2275 my $bind_attrs = $self->_dbi_attrs_for_bind($source, $proto_bind);
2277 for my $i (@idx_range) {
2279 $i+1, # DBI bind indexes are 1-based
2280 $proto_bind->[$i][1],
2282 ) if defined $bind_attrs->[$i];
2285 # At this point $data slots named in the _bind_data_slice_idx of
2286 # each piece of $proto_bind are either \[]s or plain values to be
2287 # passed in. Construct the dispensing coderef. *NOTE* the order
2288 # of $data will differ from this of the ?s in the SQL (due to
2289 # alphabetical ordering by colname). We actually do want to
2290 # preserve this behavior so that prepare_cached has a better
2291 # chance of matching on unrelated calls
2293 my $fetch_row_idx = -1; # saner loop this way
2294 my $fetch_tuple = sub {
2295 return undef if ++$fetch_row_idx > $#$data;
2298 ! defined $_->{_literal_bind_subindex}
2300 ? $data->[ $fetch_row_idx ]->[ $_->{_bind_data_slice_idx} ]
2302 # There are no attributes to resolve here - we already did everything
2303 # when we constructed proto_bind. However we still want to sanity-check
2304 # what the user supplied, so pass stuff through to the resolver *anyway*
2305 : $self->_resolve_bindattrs (
2306 undef, # a fake rsrc
2307 [ ${ $data->[ $fetch_row_idx ]->[ $_->{_bind_data_slice_idx} ]}->[ $_->{_literal_bind_subindex} ] ],
2308 {}, # a fake column_info bag
2311 } map { $_->[0] } @$proto_bind ];
2314 my $tuple_status = [];
2317 $rv = $sth->execute_for_fetch(
2326 # Not all DBDs are create equal. Some throw on error, some return
2327 # an undef $rv, and some set $sth->err - try whatever we can
2328 $err = ($sth->errstr || 'UNKNOWN ERROR ($sth->errstr is unset)') if (
2331 ( !defined $rv or $sth->err )
2334 # Statement must finish even if there was an exception.
2339 $err = shift unless defined $err
2344 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
2346 $self->throw_exception("Unexpected populate error: $err")
2347 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
2349 require Data::Dumper::Concise;
2350 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "execute_for_fetch() aborted with '%s' at populate slice:\n%s",
2351 ($tuple_status->[$i][1] || $err),
2352 Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper( { map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols) } ),
2359 sub _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds {
2360 my ($self, $sth, $count) = @_;
2364 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2365 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2366 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2368 $sth->execute foreach 1..$count;
2374 # Make sure statement is finished even if there was an exception.
2379 $err = shift unless defined $err;
2382 $self->throw_exception($err) if defined $err;
2388 #my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
2389 shift->_execute('update', @_);
2394 #my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
2395 shift->_execute('delete', @_);
2400 $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
2403 sub _select_args_to_query {
2406 $self->throw_exception(
2407 "Unable to generate limited query representation with 'software_limit' enabled"
2408 ) if ($_[3]->{software_limit} and ($_[3]->{offset} or $_[3]->{rows}) );
2410 # my ($op, $ident, $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset)
2411 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
2412 my ($op, $ident, @args) =
2413 $self->_select_args(@_);
2415 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_gen_sql_bind($op, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset ]);
2416 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_gen_sql_bind($op, $ident, \@args);
2418 # reuse the bind arrayref
2419 unshift @{$bind}, "($sql)";
2424 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $orig_attrs) = @_;
2426 # FIXME - that kind of caching would be nice to have
2427 # however currently we *may* pass the same $orig_attrs
2428 # with different ident/select/where
2429 # the whole interface needs to be rethought, since it
2430 # was centered around the flawed SQLA API. We can do
2431 # soooooo much better now. But that is also another
2434 # 'select', $orig_attrs->{!args_as_stored_at_the_end_of_this_method!}
2435 #) if $orig_attrs->{!args_as_stored_at_the_end_of_this_method!};
2437 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
2438 my $alias2source = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
2446 # limit dialects use this stuff
2447 # yes, some CDBICompat crap does not supply an {alias} >.<
2448 ( $orig_attrs->{alias} and $alias2source->{$orig_attrs->{alias}} )
2449 ? ( _rsroot_rsrc => $alias2source->{$orig_attrs->{alias}} )
2454 # Sanity check the attributes (SQLMaker does it too, but
2455 # in case of a software_limit we'll never reach there)
2456 if (defined $attrs->{offset}) {
2457 $self->throw_exception('A supplied offset attribute must be a non-negative integer')
2458 if ( $attrs->{offset} =~ /\D/ or $attrs->{offset} < 0 );
2461 if (defined $attrs->{rows}) {
2462 $self->throw_exception("The rows attribute must be a positive integer if present")
2463 if ( $attrs->{rows} =~ /\D/ or $attrs->{rows} <= 0 );
2465 elsif ($attrs->{offset}) {
2466 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
2467 $attrs->{rows} = $sql_maker->__max_int;
2470 # see if we will need to tear the prefetch apart to satisfy group_by == select
2471 # this is *extremely tricky* to get right, I am still not sure I did
2473 my ($prefetch_needs_subquery, @limit_args);
2475 if ( $attrs->{_grouped_by_distinct} and $attrs->{collapse} ) {
2476 # we already know there is a valid group_by (we made it) and we know it is
2477 # intended to be based *only* on non-multi stuff
2478 # short circuit the group_by parsing below
2479 $prefetch_needs_subquery = 1;
2482 # The rationale is that even if we do *not* have collapse, we still
2483 # need to wrap the core grouped select/group_by in a subquery
2484 # so that databases that care about group_by/select equivalence
2485 # are happy (this includes MySQL in strict_mode)
2486 # If any of the other joined tables are referenced in the group_by
2487 # however - the user is on their own
2488 ( $prefetch_needs_subquery or $attrs->{_related_results_construction} )
2492 @{$attrs->{group_by}}
2494 my $grp_aliases = try { # try{} because $attrs->{from} may be unreadable
2495 $self->_resolve_aliastypes_from_select_args({ from => $attrs->{from}, group_by => $attrs->{group_by} })
2498 # no aliases other than our own in group_by
2499 # if there are - do not allow subquery even if limit is present
2500 $prefetch_needs_subquery = ! scalar grep { $_ ne $attrs->{alias} } keys %{ $grp_aliases->{grouping} || {} };
2502 elsif ( $attrs->{rows} && $attrs->{collapse} ) {
2503 # active collapse with a limit - that one is a no-brainer unless
2504 # overruled by a group_by above
2505 $prefetch_needs_subquery = 1;
2508 if ($prefetch_needs_subquery) {
2509 $attrs = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($attrs);
2511 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
2513 $attrs->{rows} || (),
2514 $attrs->{offset} || (),
2518 # try to simplify the joinmap further (prune unreferenced type-single joins)
2520 ! $prefetch_needs_subquery # already pruned
2524 reftype $attrs->{from} eq 'ARRAY'
2526 @{$attrs->{from}} != 1
2528 ($attrs->{from}, $attrs->{_aliastypes}) = $self->_prune_unused_joins ($attrs);
2531 # FIXME this is a gross, inefficient, largely incorrect and fragile hack
2532 # during the result inflation stage we *need* to know what was the aliastype
2533 # map as sqla saw it when the final pieces of SQL were being assembled
2534 # Originally we simply carried around the entirety of $attrs, but this
2535 # resulted in resultsets that are being reused growing continuously, as
2536 # the hash in question grew deeper and deeper.
2537 # Instead hand-pick what to take with us here (we actually don't need much
2538 # at this point just the map itself)
2539 $orig_attrs->{_last_sqlmaker_alias_map} = $attrs->{_aliastypes};
2542 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $attrs->{where}
2543 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
2544 # expect a result object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
2545 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
2547 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
2548 # invoked, and that's just bad...
2551 return ( 'select', @{$attrs}{qw(from select where)}, $attrs, @limit_args );
2554 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
2555 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
2556 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
2557 # sense as a performance optimization
2559 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
2560 return { count => '*' };
2567 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
2571 Handle a SQL select statement.
2577 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
2578 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
2583 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
2584 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2585 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
2586 if(@row && @nextrow) {
2587 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
2589 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
2594 =head2 sql_limit_dialect
2596 This is an accessor for the default SQL limit dialect used by a particular
2597 storage driver. Can be overridden by supplying an explicit L</limit_dialect>
2598 to L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>. For a list of available limit dialects
2599 see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
2603 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
2604 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
2606 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
2610 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
2611 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
2613 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
2615 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
2616 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
2617 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
2618 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
2619 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
2620 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
2622 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
2627 return \%result if !$caught && scalar keys %result;
2631 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
2633 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
2634 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
2636 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
2637 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
2638 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
2640 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
2641 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
2642 $column_info{size} = $2;
2645 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
2649 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
2650 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
2651 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
2653 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
2654 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
2655 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
2656 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
2663 sub columns_info_for {
2664 my ($self, $table) = @_;
2665 $self->_dbh_columns_info_for ($self->_get_dbh, $table);
2668 =head2 last_insert_id
2670 Return the row id of the last insert.
2674 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
2675 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
2677 my $id = try { $dbh->last_insert_id (undef, undef, $source->name, $col) };
2679 return $id if defined $id;
2681 my $class = ref $self;
2682 $self->throw_exception ("No storage specific _dbh_last_insert_id() method implemented in $class, and the generic DBI::last_insert_id() failed");
2685 sub last_insert_id {
2687 $self->_dbh_last_insert_id ($self->_dbh, @_);
2690 =head2 _native_data_type
2694 =item Arguments: $type_name
2698 This API is B<EXPERIMENTAL>, will almost definitely change in the future, and
2699 currently only used by L<::AutoCast|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::AutoCast> and
2700 L<::Sybase::ASE|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Sybase::ASE>.
2702 The default implementation returns C<undef>, implement in your Storage driver if
2703 you need this functionality.
2705 Should map types from other databases to the native RDBMS type, for example
2706 C<VARCHAR2> to C<VARCHAR>.
2708 Types with modifiers should map to the underlying data type. For example,
2709 C<INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT> should become C<INTEGER>.
2711 Composite types should map to the container type, for example
2712 C<ENUM(foo,bar,baz)> becomes C<ENUM>.
2716 sub _native_data_type {
2717 #my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2721 # Check if placeholders are supported at all
2722 sub _determine_supports_placeholders {
2724 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2726 # some drivers provide a $dbh attribute (e.g. Sybase and $dbh->{syb_dynamic_supported})
2727 # but it is inaccurate more often than not
2729 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2730 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2731 $dbh->do('select ?', {}, 1);
2739 # Check if placeholders bound to non-string types throw exceptions
2741 sub _determine_supports_typeless_placeholders {
2743 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2746 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2747 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2748 # this specifically tests a bind that is NOT a string
2749 $dbh->do('select 1 where 1 = ?', {}, 1);
2759 Returns the database driver name.
2764 shift->_get_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
2767 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2769 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2770 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2771 let the database planner just handle it.
2773 This method is always called after the driver has been determined and a DBI
2774 connection has been established. Therefore you can refer to C<DBI::$constant>
2775 and/or C<DBD::$driver::$constant> directly, without worrying about loading
2776 the correct modules.
2780 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2784 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2786 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2787 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2788 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2789 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2790 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2794 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2795 #my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2797 return 0 unless $_[1];
2800 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2805 =head2 create_ddl_dir
2809 =item Arguments: $schema, \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2813 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2814 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2815 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2817 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2818 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2819 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2820 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2822 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2823 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2824 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2825 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2827 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2828 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2829 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2830 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_identifiers>.
2832 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2836 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2838 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2840 =item directory - './'
2842 =item preversion - <none>
2846 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2848 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2850 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2851 hashref like the following
2853 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2856 WARNING: You are strongly advised to check all SQL files created, before applying
2861 sub create_ddl_dir {
2862 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
2865 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
2870 (require File::Path and File::Path::mkpath (["$dir"])) # mkpath does not like objects (i.e. Path::Class::Dir)
2872 $self->throw_exception(
2873 "Failed to create '$dir': " . ($! || $@ || 'error unknown')
2877 $self->throw_exception ("Directory '$dir' does not exist\n") unless(-d $dir);
2879 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
2880 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
2882 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2883 $version ||= $schema_version;
2886 add_drop_table => 1,
2887 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
2888 ignore_index_names => 1,
2892 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy')) {
2893 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
2896 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
2898 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
2899 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
2900 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
2902 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
2904 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
2905 $sqlt->producer($db);
2908 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
2909 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
2910 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
2911 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
2915 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
2917 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
2920 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
2921 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
2924 print $file $output;
2927 next unless ($preversion);
2929 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
2931 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
2932 if(!-e $prefilename) {
2933 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
2937 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
2939 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
2945 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2950 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2952 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
2953 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2955 $source_schema = $t->schema;
2957 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
2958 unless ( $source_schema->name );
2961 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
2962 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
2963 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
2964 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
2966 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
2967 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2972 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2974 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
2975 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2977 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
2979 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
2980 unless $dest_schema->name;
2983 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
2987 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
2988 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
2996 =head2 deployment_statements
3000 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
3004 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
3006 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
3007 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
3009 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
3010 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
3011 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
3013 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
3014 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
3016 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
3020 sub deployment_statements {
3021 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
3022 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
3023 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
3025 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
3028 # FIXME replace this block when a proper sane sql parser is available
3030 open($file, "<$filename")
3031 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
3034 return join('', @rows);
3037 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy') ) {
3038 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without a ddl_dir or " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
3041 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicity allow at top level
3043 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
3044 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
3046 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(
3047 producer => "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}",
3049 parser => 'SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class',
3053 return preserve_context {
3056 $self->throw_exception( 'Unable to produce deployment statements: ' . $tr->error)
3057 unless defined $_[0];
3061 # FIXME deploy() currently does not accurately report sql errors
3062 # Will always return true while errors are warned
3064 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
3068 return if($line =~ /^--/);
3069 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
3070 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
3071 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
3072 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
3073 $self->_query_start($line);
3075 # do a dbh_do cycle here, as we need some error checking in
3076 # place (even though we will ignore errors)
3077 $self->dbh_do (sub { $_[1]->do($line) });
3079 carp qq{$_ (running "${line}")};
3081 $self->_query_end($line);
3083 my @statements = $schema->deployment_statements($type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
3084 if (@statements > 1) {
3085 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
3086 $deploy->( $statement );
3089 elsif (@statements == 1) {
3090 # split on single line comments and end of statements
3091 foreach my $line ( split(/\s*--.*\n|;\n/, $statements[0])) {
3097 =head2 datetime_parser
3099 Returns the datetime parser class
3103 sub datetime_parser {
3105 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
3106 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
3110 =head2 datetime_parser_type
3112 Defines the datetime parser class - currently defaults to L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
3114 =head2 build_datetime_parser
3116 See L</datetime_parser>
3120 sub build_datetime_parser {
3122 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
3127 =head2 is_replicating
3129 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
3130 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
3131 returned by databases that don't support replication.
3135 sub is_replicating {
3140 =head2 lag_behind_master
3142 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
3143 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
3144 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
3148 sub lag_behind_master {
3152 =head2 relname_to_table_alias
3156 =item Arguments: $relname, $join_count
3158 =item Return Value: $alias
3162 L<DBIx::Class> uses L<DBIx::Class::Relationship> names as table aliases in
3165 This hook is to allow specific L<DBIx::Class::Storage> drivers to change the
3166 way these aliases are named.
3168 The default behavior is C<< "$relname_$join_count" if $join_count > 1 >>,
3169 otherwise C<"$relname">.
3173 sub relname_to_table_alias {
3174 my ($self, $relname, $join_count) = @_;
3176 my $alias = ($join_count && $join_count > 1 ?
3177 join('_', $relname, $join_count) : $relname);
3182 # The size in bytes to use for DBI's ->bind_param_inout, this is the generic
3183 # version and it may be necessary to amend or override it for a specific storage
3184 # if such binds are necessary.
3185 sub _max_column_bytesize {
3186 my ($self, $attr) = @_;
3190 if ($attr->{sqlt_datatype}) {
3191 my $data_type = lc($attr->{sqlt_datatype});
3193 if ($attr->{sqlt_size}) {
3195 # String/sized-binary types
3196 if ($data_type =~ /^(?:
3197 l? (?:var)? char(?:acter)? (?:\s*varying)?
3199 (?:var)? binary (?:\s*varying)?
3204 $max_size = $attr->{sqlt_size};
3206 # Other charset/unicode types, assume scale of 4
3207 elsif ($data_type =~ /^(?:
3208 national \s* character (?:\s*varying)?
3217 $max_size = $attr->{sqlt_size} * 4;
3221 if (!$max_size and !$self->_is_lob_type($data_type)) {
3222 $max_size = 100 # for all other (numeric?) datatypes
3226 $max_size || $self->_dbic_connect_attributes->{LongReadLen} || $self->_get_dbh->{LongReadLen} || 8000;
3229 # Determine if a data_type is some type of BLOB
3231 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3232 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /lob|bfile|text|image|bytea|memo/i
3233 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:raw|bit\s*varying|varbit|binary
3234 |varchar|character\s*varying|nvarchar
3235 |national\s*character\s*varying))?\z/xi);
3238 sub _is_binary_lob_type {
3239 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3240 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /blob|bfile|image|bytea/i
3241 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:raw|bit\s*varying|varbit|binary))?\z/xi);
3244 sub _is_text_lob_type {
3245 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3246 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /^(?:clob|memo)\z/i
3247 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:varchar|character\s*varying|nvarchar
3248 |national\s*character\s*varying))\z/xi);
3251 # Determine if a data_type is some type of a binary type
3252 sub _is_binary_type {
3253 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3254 $data_type && ($self->_is_binary_lob_type($data_type)
3255 || $data_type =~ /(?:var)?(?:binary|bit|graphic)(?:\s*varying)?/i);
3262 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
3264 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
3265 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
3266 (the default) combined with L<txn_do|DBIx::Class::Storage/txn_do> for
3267 transaction support.
3269 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
3270 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
3271 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
3272 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
3273 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
3274 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
3275 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
3279 =head1 AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS
3281 See L<AUTHOR|DBIx::Class/AUTHOR> and L<CONTRIBUTORS|DBIx::Class/CONTRIBUTORS> in DBIx::Class
3285 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.