1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Storage::DBIHacks DBIx::Class::Storage/;
10 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class|^Try::Tiny/;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
13 use Scalar::Util qw/refaddr weaken reftype blessed/;
14 use List::Util qw/first/;
15 use Data::Dumper::Concise 'Dumper';
16 use Sub::Name 'subname';
18 use File::Path 'make_path';
23 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
24 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
26 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/sql_maker_class sql_limit_dialect/);
27 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLMaker');
29 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => qw/
30 _connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbic_connect_attributes _driver_determined
31 _dbh _dbh_details _conn_pid _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts
32 transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit savepoints
35 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
36 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
37 my @storage_options = qw/
38 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
39 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
41 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
44 # capability definitions, using a 2-tiered accessor system
47 # A driver/user may define _use_X, which blindly without any checks says:
48 # "(do not) use this capability", (use_dbms_capability is an "inherited"
51 # If _use_X is undef, _supports_X is then queried. This is a "simple" style
52 # accessor, which in turn calls _determine_supports_X, and stores the return
53 # in a special slot on the storage object, which is wiped every time a $dbh
54 # reconnection takes place (it is not guaranteed that upon reconnection we
55 # will get the same rdbms version). _determine_supports_X does not need to
56 # exist on a driver, as we ->can for it before calling.
58 my @capabilities = (qw/
60 insert_returning_bound
65 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( dbms_capability => map { "_supports_$_" } @capabilities );
66 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( use_dbms_capability => map { "_use_$_" } (@capabilities ) );
68 # on by default, not strictly a capability (pending rewrite)
69 __PACKAGE__->_use_join_optimizer (1);
70 sub _determine_supports_join_optimizer { 1 };
72 # Each of these methods need _determine_driver called before itself
73 # in order to function reliably. This is a purely DRY optimization
75 # get_(use)_dbms_capability need to be called on the correct Storage
76 # class, as _use_X may be hardcoded class-wide, and _supports_X calls
77 # _determine_supports_X which obv. needs a correct driver as well
78 my @rdbms_specific_methods = qw/
92 get_use_dbms_capability
99 for my $meth (@rdbms_specific_methods) {
101 my $orig = __PACKAGE__->can ($meth)
102 or die "$meth is not a ::Storage::DBI method!";
105 no warnings qw/redefine/;
106 *{__PACKAGE__ ."::$meth"} = subname $meth => sub {
107 if (not $_[0]->_driver_determined and not $_[0]->{_in_determine_driver}) {
108 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
110 # This for some reason crashes and burns on perl 5.8.1
111 # IFF the method ends up throwing an exception
112 #goto $_[0]->can ($meth);
114 my $cref = $_[0]->can ($meth);
124 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
128 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
130 $schema->storage->debug(1);
132 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
134 my ($storage, $dbh, @args) = @_;
135 $dbh->do("DROP TABLE authors");
140 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
141 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser->format_datetime(DateTime->now)
146 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
147 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
148 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
155 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
157 $new->transaction_depth(0);
158 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
159 $new->_dbh_details({});
160 $new->{savepoints} = [];
161 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
162 $new->{_dbh_gen} = 0;
164 # read below to see what this does
165 $new->_arm_global_destructor;
170 # This is hack to work around perl shooting stuff in random
171 # order on exit(). If we do not walk the remaining storage
172 # objects in an END block, there is a *small but real* chance
173 # of a fork()ed child to kill the parent's shared DBI handle,
174 # *before perl reaches the DESTROY in this package*
175 # Yes, it is ugly and effective.
176 # Additionally this registry is used by the CLONE method to
177 # make sure no handles are shared between threads
179 my %seek_and_destroy;
181 sub _arm_global_destructor {
183 my $key = refaddr ($self);
184 $seek_and_destroy{$key} = $self;
185 weaken ($seek_and_destroy{$key});
189 local $?; # just in case the DBI destructor changes it somehow
191 # destroy just the object if not native to this process/thread
192 $_->_verify_pid for (grep
194 values %seek_and_destroy
199 # As per DBI's recommendation, DBIC disconnects all handles as
200 # soon as possible (DBIC will reconnect only on demand from within
202 for (values %seek_and_destroy) {
204 $_->{_dbh_gen}++; # so that existing cursors will drop as well
213 # some databases spew warnings on implicit disconnect
214 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
217 # this op is necessary, since the very last perl runtime statement
218 # triggers a global destruction shootout, and the $SIG localization
219 # may very well be destroyed before perl actually gets to do the
224 # handle pid changes correctly - do not destroy parent's connection
228 my $pid = $self->_conn_pid;
229 if( defined $pid and $pid != $$ and my $dbh = $self->_dbh ) {
230 $dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
240 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
241 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
243 The argument list may contain:
249 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
250 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
251 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
252 recognized by DBIx::Class:
254 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
258 A single code reference which returns a connected
259 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
260 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
263 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
267 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
270 $connect_info_args = [{
278 $connect_info_args = [{
279 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect (...) },
284 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
285 following config (L<Config::General> style):
290 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
297 The C<dsn>/C<user>/C<password> combination can be substituted by the
298 C<dbh_maker> key whose value is a coderef that returns a connected
299 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
303 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
304 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
305 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
306 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
307 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
308 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
310 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
312 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
313 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
314 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
315 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a separate hashref
316 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
318 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
319 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
320 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
327 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
328 the database. Its value may contain:
334 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
336 =item an array reference
338 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
339 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
341 =item a code reference
343 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
344 array reference, its return value is ignored.
348 =item on_disconnect_do
350 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
351 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
353 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
356 =item on_connect_call
358 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
359 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
361 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
365 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
367 Its values may contain:
373 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
375 =item a code reference
377 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
379 =item an array reference
381 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
383 =item an array of arrays
385 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
386 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
390 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
396 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
397 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
405 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
409 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
410 attributes hashref and bind values.
412 =item a code reference
414 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
421 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
422 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
423 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
425 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
426 implementation details.
430 =item on_disconnect_call
432 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
433 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
435 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
436 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
438 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
441 =item disable_sth_caching
443 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
444 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
448 Sets a specific SQL::Abstract::Limit-style limit dialect, overriding the
449 default L</sql_limit_dialect> setting of the storage (if any). For a list
450 of available limit dialects see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
454 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names.
456 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
457 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
458 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
460 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
461 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
465 This parameter is only useful in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
466 specify the character that separates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
467 each other. If unspecified it defaults to the most commonly used C<.>.
471 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
472 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
473 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
474 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
476 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
477 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
478 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
479 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
481 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
482 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
483 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
487 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
488 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
489 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
493 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
494 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
498 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
499 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
501 # Simple SQLite connection
502 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
505 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
507 # Connect via subref in hashref
509 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect(...) },
510 on_connect_do => 'alter session ...',
513 # A bit more complicated
520 { quote_char => q{"} },
524 # Equivalent to the previous example
530 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
534 # Same, but with hashref as argument
535 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
538 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
540 password => 'my_pg_password',
547 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
550 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
554 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
555 disable_sth_caching => 1,
565 my ($self, $info) = @_;
567 return $self->_connect_info if !$info;
569 $self->_connect_info($info); # copy for _connect_info
571 $info = $self->_normalize_connect_info($info)
572 if ref $info eq 'ARRAY';
574 for my $storage_opt (keys %{ $info->{storage_options} }) {
575 my $value = $info->{storage_options}{$storage_opt};
577 $self->$storage_opt($value);
580 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
581 # the new set of options
582 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
583 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
585 for my $sql_maker_opt (keys %{ $info->{sql_maker_options} }) {
586 my $value = $info->{sql_maker_options}{$sql_maker_opt};
588 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $value;
592 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
593 %{ $info->{attributes} || {} },
596 my @args = @{ $info->{arguments} };
598 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args,
599 %attrs && !(ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') ? \%attrs : ()]);
602 # save attributes them in a separate accessor so they are always
603 # introspectable, even in case of a CODE $dbhmaker
604 $self->_dbic_connect_attributes (\%attrs);
606 return $self->_connect_info;
609 sub _normalize_connect_info {
610 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
613 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
615 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
618 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
619 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
622 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
623 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
625 if (my $code = delete $attrs{dbh_maker}) {
628 my @ignored = grep { delete $attrs{$_} } (qw/dsn user password/);
631 'Attribute(s) %s in connect_info were ignored, as they can not be applied '
632 . "to the result of 'dbh_maker'",
634 join (', ', map { "'$_'" } (@ignored) ),
639 @args = delete @attrs{qw/dsn user password/};
642 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
644 % { $args[3] || {} },
645 % { $args[4] || {} },
647 @args = @args[0,1,2];
650 $info{arguments} = \@args;
652 my @storage_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
653 @storage_options, 'cursor_class';
655 @{ $info{storage_options} }{@storage_opts} =
656 delete @attrs{@storage_opts} if @storage_opts;
658 my @sql_maker_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
659 qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/;
661 @{ $info{sql_maker_options} }{@sql_maker_opts} =
662 delete @attrs{@sql_maker_opts} if @sql_maker_opts;
664 $info{attributes} = \%attrs if %attrs;
669 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes {
679 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
683 =head2 on_disconnect_do
685 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
689 sub _parse_connect_do {
690 my ($self, $type) = @_;
692 my $val = $self->$type;
693 return () if not defined $val;
698 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
699 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
701 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
702 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
704 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
712 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
714 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
715 connection management.
717 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
718 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
719 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
721 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
722 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
724 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
725 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
726 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
730 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
732 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
733 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
734 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
745 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
747 return $self->$code($dbh, @_)
748 if ( $self->{_in_dbh_do} || $self->{transaction_depth} );
750 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
752 # take a ref instead of a copy, to preserve coderef @_ aliasing semantics
755 $self->$code ($dbh, @$args);
757 $self->throw_exception($_) if $self->connected;
759 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
760 # exception fall right through this time
761 carp "Retrying $code after catching disconnected exception: $_"
762 if $ENV{DBIC_DBIRETRY_DEBUG};
764 $self->_populate_dbh;
765 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @$args);
769 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
770 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
771 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
776 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
777 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
779 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
782 my $want = wantarray;
788 # take a ref instead of a copy, to preserve coderef @_ aliasing semantics
793 my $txn_start_depth = $self->transaction_depth;
795 @result = $coderef->(@$args);
797 elsif(defined $want) {
798 $result[0] = $coderef->(@$args);
804 my $delta_txn = $txn_start_depth - $self->transaction_depth;
805 if ($delta_txn == 0) {
808 elsif ($delta_txn != 1) {
809 # an off-by-one would mean we fired a rollback
810 carp "Unexpected reduction of transaction depth by $delta_txn after execution of $coderef";
816 if(! defined $exception) { return wantarray ? @result : $result[0] }
818 if($self->transaction_depth > 1 || $tried++ || $self->connected) {
819 my $rollback_exception;
820 try { $self->txn_rollback } catch { $rollback_exception = shift };
821 if(defined $rollback_exception) {
822 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
823 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
824 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
826 $self->throw_exception(
827 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
828 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
831 $self->throw_exception($exception)
834 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
836 carp "Retrying $coderef after catching disconnected exception: $exception"
837 if $ENV{DBIC_TXNRETRY_DEBUG};
838 $self->_populate_dbh;
844 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
845 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
855 push @actions, ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () );
856 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do');
858 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
860 $self->_dbh_rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
862 %{ $self->_dbh->{CachedKids} } = ();
863 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
869 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
873 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
875 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
879 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
880 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
884 # Storage subclasses should override this
885 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
886 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
894 =item Arguments: none
896 =item Return Value: 1|0
900 Verifies that the current database handle is active and ready to execute
901 an SQL statement (e.g. the connection did not get stale, server is still
902 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
908 return 0 unless $self->_seems_connected;
911 local $self->_dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
916 sub _seems_connected {
921 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
924 return $dbh->FETCH('Active');
930 my $dbh = $self->_dbh or return 0;
935 sub ensure_connected {
938 unless ($self->connected) {
939 $self->_populate_dbh;
945 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
946 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
947 necessary performing a reconnection before returning. Keep in mind that this
948 is very B<expensive> on some database engines. Consider using L</dbh_do>
956 if (not $self->_dbh) {
957 $self->_populate_dbh;
959 $self->ensure_connected;
964 # this is the internal "get dbh or connect (don't check)" method
968 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
974 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
975 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
976 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($sql_maker_class);
978 my %opts = %{$self->_sql_maker_opts||{}};
982 $self->sql_limit_dialect
985 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
987 "Your storage class ($s_class) does not set sql_limit_dialect and you "
988 . 'have not supplied an explicit limit_dialect in your connection_info. '
989 . 'DBIC will attempt to use the GenericSubQ dialect, which works on most '
990 . 'databases but can be (and often is) painfully slow.'
997 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new(
999 array_datatypes => 1,
1000 limit_dialect => $dialect,
1005 return $self->_sql_maker;
1008 # nothing to do by default
1015 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
1016 $self->_dbh(undef); # in case ->connected failed we might get sent here
1017 $self->_dbh_details({}); # reset everything we know
1019 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
1021 $self->_conn_pid($$) if $^O ne 'MSWin32'; # on win32 these are in fact threads
1023 $self->_determine_driver;
1025 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
1026 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
1027 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1029 $self->_run_connection_actions unless $self->{_in_determine_driver};
1032 sub _run_connection_actions {
1036 push @actions, ( $self->on_connect_call || () );
1037 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do');
1039 $self->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
1044 sub set_use_dbms_capability {
1045 $_[0]->set_inherited ($_[1], $_[2]);
1048 sub get_use_dbms_capability {
1049 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1051 my $use = $self->get_inherited ($capname);
1054 : do { $capname =~ s/^_use_/_supports_/; $self->get_dbms_capability ($capname) }
1058 sub set_dbms_capability {
1059 $_[0]->_dbh_details->{capability}{$_[1]} = $_[2];
1062 sub get_dbms_capability {
1063 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1065 my $cap = $self->_dbh_details->{capability}{$capname};
1067 unless (defined $cap) {
1068 if (my $meth = $self->can ("_determine$capname")) {
1069 $cap = $self->$meth ? 1 : 0;
1075 $self->set_dbms_capability ($capname, $cap);
1085 unless ($info = $self->_dbh_details->{info}) {
1089 my $server_version = try { $self->_get_server_version };
1091 if (defined $server_version) {
1092 $info->{dbms_version} = $server_version;
1094 my ($numeric_version) = $server_version =~ /^([\d\.]+)/;
1095 my @verparts = split (/\./, $numeric_version);
1101 # consider only up to 3 version parts, iff not more than 3 digits
1103 while (@verparts && @use_parts < 3) {
1104 my $p = shift @verparts;
1106 push @use_parts, $p;
1108 push @use_parts, 0 while @use_parts < 3;
1110 $info->{normalized_dbms_version} = sprintf "%d.%03d%03d", @use_parts;
1114 $self->_dbh_details->{info} = $info;
1120 sub _get_server_version {
1121 shift->_get_dbh->get_info(18);
1124 sub _determine_driver {
1127 if ((not $self->_driver_determined) && (not $self->{_in_determine_driver})) {
1128 my $started_connected = 0;
1129 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1;
1131 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
1133 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
1134 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1135 $started_connected = 1;
1137 # if connect_info is a CODEREF, we have no choice but to connect
1138 if (ref $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] &&
1139 reftype $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] eq 'CODE') {
1140 $self->_populate_dbh;
1141 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1144 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
1145 # force a connection in _rebless to determine version
1146 # (dsn may not be supplied at all if all we do is make a mock-schema)
1147 my $dsn = $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] || $ENV{DBI_DSN} || '';
1148 ($driver) = $dsn =~ /dbi:([^:]+):/i;
1149 $driver ||= $ENV{DBI_DRIVER};
1154 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
1155 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
1156 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3');
1157 bless $self, $storage_class;
1163 $self->_driver_determined(1);
1165 $self->_init; # run driver-specific initializations
1167 $self->_run_connection_actions
1168 if !$started_connected && defined $self->_dbh;
1172 sub _do_connection_actions {
1174 my $method_prefix = shift;
1177 if (not ref($call)) {
1178 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
1180 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
1182 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
1183 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
1184 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
1186 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
1189 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
1195 sub connect_call_do_sql {
1197 $self->_do_query(@_);
1200 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
1202 $self->_do_query(@_);
1205 # override in db-specific backend when necessary
1206 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
1209 my ($self, $action) = @_;
1211 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
1212 $action = $action->($self);
1213 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
1216 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
1217 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
1218 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
1219 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
1220 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
1221 my $sql = shift @do_args;
1222 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
1223 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
1225 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
1226 $self->_get_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
1227 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
1234 my ($self, @info) = @_;
1236 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
1239 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
1241 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
1242 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
1243 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
1247 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
1248 $dbh = $info[0]->();
1251 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
1258 unless ($self->unsafe) {
1260 # this odd anonymous coderef dereference is in fact really
1261 # necessary to avoid the unwanted effect described in perl5
1264 my $weak_self = $_[0];
1267 $_[1]->{HandleError} = sub {
1269 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1272 # the handler may be invoked by something totally out of
1274 croak ("DBI Exception (unhandled by DBIC, ::Schema GCed): $_[0]");
1279 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
1280 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1281 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1285 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: $_")
1288 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
1291 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1296 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1298 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
1299 unless defined $name;
1301 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1302 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1304 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1305 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
1307 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
1309 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
1311 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
1315 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1317 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1318 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1320 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1321 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
1323 if (defined $name) {
1324 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
1325 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1327 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1328 # the stack up to date.
1331 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
1333 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1336 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
1338 return $self->_svp_release($name);
1342 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1344 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1345 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1347 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1348 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
1350 if (defined $name) {
1351 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
1352 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1353 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
1356 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1357 # the stack up to date.
1358 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1359 last if($s eq $name);
1361 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
1362 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
1363 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
1365 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
1366 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
1369 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
1371 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
1374 sub _svp_generate_name {
1376 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
1382 # this means we have not yet connected and do not know the AC status
1383 # (e.g. coderef $dbh)
1384 if (! defined $self->_dbh_autocommit) {
1385 $self->ensure_connected;
1387 # otherwise re-connect on pid changes, so
1388 # that the txn_depth is adjusted properly
1389 # the lightweight _get_dbh is good enoug here
1390 # (only superficial handle check, no pings)
1395 if($self->transaction_depth == 0) {
1396 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
1398 $self->_dbh_begin_work;
1400 elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1403 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1406 sub _dbh_begin_work {
1409 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for him, otherwise we need to
1410 # ensure that the $dbh is healthy on BEGIN.
1411 # We do this via ->dbh_do instead of ->dbh, so that the ->dbh "ping"
1412 # will be replaced by a failure of begin_work itself (which will be
1413 # then retried on reconnect)
1414 if ($self->{_in_dbh_do}) {
1415 $self->_dbh->begin_work;
1417 $self->dbh_do(sub { $_[1]->begin_work });
1423 if (! $self->_dbh) {
1424 $self->throw_exception('cannot COMMIT on a disconnected handle');
1426 elsif ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1427 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1430 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1431 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1433 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1434 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1436 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1438 elsif (! $self->_dbh->FETCH('AutoCommit') ) {
1440 carp "Storage transaction_depth $self->{transaction_depth} does not match "
1441 ."false AutoCommit of $self->{_dbh}, attempting COMMIT anyway";
1443 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1446 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1447 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1450 $self->throw_exception( 'Refusing to commit without a started transaction' );
1456 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1457 or $self->throw_exception('cannot COMMIT on a disconnected handle');
1463 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1465 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1466 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1468 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1469 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1470 $self->_dbh_rollback;
1472 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1473 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1474 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1475 $self->svp_rollback;
1480 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1484 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1486 if ($_ !~ /$exception_class/) {
1487 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1488 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1491 $self->throw_exception($_)
1497 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1498 or $self->throw_exception('cannot ROLLBACK on a disconnected handle');
1502 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1503 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1504 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1505 sub _prep_for_execute {
1506 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1508 if( blessed $ident && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1509 $ident = $ident->from();
1512 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1515 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1517 return ($sql, \@bind);
1521 sub _fix_bind_params {
1522 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1524 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1525 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1527 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1530 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1531 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1538 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1540 if ( $self->debug ) {
1541 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1543 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1548 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1550 if ( $self->debug ) {
1551 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1552 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1557 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1559 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1561 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1563 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1565 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1567 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1568 my $attributes = {};
1569 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1571 if ($bind_attributes) {
1572 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1573 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1576 foreach my $data (@data) {
1577 my $ref = ref $data;
1579 if ($ref and overload::Method($data, '""') ) {
1582 elsif ($ref eq 'SCALAR') { # any scalarrefs are assumed to be bind_inouts
1583 $sth->bind_param_inout(
1584 $placeholder_index++,
1586 $self->_max_column_bytesize($ident, $column_name),
1592 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index++, $data, $attributes);
1596 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1597 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1598 $self->throw_exception(
1599 $sth->errstr || $sth->err || 'Unknown error: execute() returned false, but error flags were not set...'
1602 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1604 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1609 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_); # retry over disconnects
1612 sub _prefetch_autovalues {
1613 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1615 my $colinfo = $source->columns_info;
1618 for my $col (keys %$colinfo) {
1620 $colinfo->{$col}{auto_nextval}
1623 ! exists $to_insert->{$col}
1625 ref $to_insert->{$col} eq 'SCALAR'
1628 $values{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1630 ( $colinfo->{$col}{sequence} ||=
1631 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->_get_dbh, $source, $col)
1641 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1643 my $prefetched_values = $self->_prefetch_autovalues($source, $to_insert);
1646 $to_insert = { %$to_insert, %$prefetched_values };
1648 # list of primary keys we try to fetch from the database
1649 # both not-exsists and scalarrefs are considered
1651 for ($source->primary_columns) {
1652 $fetch_pks{$_} = scalar keys %fetch_pks # so we can preserve order for prettyness
1653 if ! exists $to_insert->{$_} or ref $to_insert->{$_} eq 'SCALAR';
1656 my ($sqla_opts, @ir_container);
1657 if ($self->_use_insert_returning) {
1659 # retain order as declared in the resultsource
1660 for (sort { $fetch_pks{$a} <=> $fetch_pks{$b} } keys %fetch_pks ) {
1661 push @{$sqla_opts->{returning}}, $_;
1662 $sqla_opts->{returning_container} = \@ir_container
1663 if $self->_use_insert_returning_bound;
1667 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1669 my ($rv, $sth) = $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert, $sqla_opts);
1673 if (my $retlist = $sqla_opts->{returning}) {
1674 @ir_container = try {
1675 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
1676 my @r = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1679 } unless @ir_container;
1681 @returned_cols{@$retlist} = @ir_container if @ir_container;
1684 return { %$prefetched_values, %returned_cols };
1688 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1689 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1690 ## only prepped once.
1692 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1695 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1697 for my $i (0..$#$cols) {
1698 my $first_val = $data->[0][$i];
1699 next unless ref $first_val eq 'SCALAR';
1701 $colvalues{ $cols->[$i] } = $first_val;
1704 # check for bad data and stringify stringifiable objects
1705 my $bad_slice = sub {
1706 my ($msg, $col_idx, $slice_idx) = @_;
1707 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for column '%s' in populate slice:\n%s",
1711 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 1; # don't dump objects, if any
1713 map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$slice_idx][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols)
1719 for my $datum_idx (0..$#$data) {
1720 my $datum = $data->[$datum_idx];
1722 for my $col_idx (0..$#$cols) {
1723 my $val = $datum->[$col_idx];
1724 my $sqla_bind = $colvalues{ $cols->[$col_idx] };
1725 my $is_literal_sql = (ref $sqla_bind) eq 'SCALAR';
1727 if ($is_literal_sql) {
1729 $bad_slice->('bind found where literal SQL expected', $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1731 elsif ((my $reftype = ref $val) ne 'SCALAR') {
1732 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where literal SQL expected",
1733 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1735 elsif ($$val ne $$sqla_bind){
1736 $bad_slice->("inconsistent literal SQL value, expecting: '$$sqla_bind'",
1737 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1740 elsif (my $reftype = ref $val) {
1742 if (overload::Method($val, '""')) {
1743 $datum->[$col_idx] = "".$val;
1746 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where bind expected",
1747 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1753 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute (
1754 'insert', undef, $source, [\%colvalues]
1758 # if the bindlist is empty - make sure all "values" are in fact
1759 # literal scalarrefs. If not the case this means the storage ate
1760 # them away (e.g. the NoBindVars component) and interpolated them
1761 # directly into the SQL. This obviosly can't be good for multi-inserts
1763 $self->throw_exception('Cannot insert_bulk without support for placeholders')
1764 if first { ref $_ ne 'SCALAR' } values %colvalues;
1767 # neither _execute_array, nor _execute_inserts_with_no_binds are
1768 # atomic (even if _execute _array is a single call). Thus a safety
1770 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1772 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind ? [ dummy => '__BULK_INSERT__' ] : () );
1773 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1776 #@bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1777 $self->_execute_array( $source, $sth, $bind, $cols, $data );
1780 # bind_param_array doesn't work if there are no binds
1781 $self->_dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds( $sth, scalar @$data );
1785 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind ? [ dummy => '__BULK_INSERT__' ] : () );
1789 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1792 sub _execute_array {
1793 my ($self, $source, $sth, $bind, $cols, $data, @extra) = @_;
1795 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1796 my $tuple_status = [];
1798 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1799 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1801 ## Bind the values and execute
1802 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1804 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1806 my $attributes = {};
1807 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1809 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1810 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1811 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1814 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1816 $sth->bind_param_array(
1819 (%$attributes ? $attributes : ()),
1821 $placeholder_index++;
1826 $rv = $self->_dbh_execute_array($sth, $tuple_status, @extra);
1832 # Not all DBDs are create equal. Some throw on error, some return
1833 # an undef $rv, and some set $sth->err - try whatever we can
1834 $err = ($sth->errstr || 'UNKNOWN ERROR ($sth->errstr is unset)') if (
1837 ( !defined $rv or $sth->err )
1840 # Statement must finish even if there was an exception.
1845 $err = shift unless defined $err
1850 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
1852 $self->throw_exception("Unexpected populate error: $err")
1853 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
1855 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for populate slice:\n%s",
1856 ($tuple_status->[$i][1] || $err),
1857 Dumper { map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols) },
1864 sub _dbh_execute_array {
1865 my ($self, $sth, $tuple_status, @extra) = @_;
1867 return $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1870 sub _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds {
1871 my ($self, $sth, $count) = @_;
1875 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
1876 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1877 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1879 $sth->execute foreach 1..$count;
1885 # Make sure statement is finished even if there was an exception.
1890 $err = shift unless defined $err;
1893 $self->throw_exception($err) if defined $err;
1899 my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
1901 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1903 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @args);
1908 my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
1910 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1912 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @args);
1915 # We were sent here because the $rs contains a complex search
1916 # which will require a subquery to select the correct rows
1917 # (i.e. joined or limited resultsets, or non-introspectable conditions)
1919 # Generating a single PK column subquery is trivial and supported
1920 # by all RDBMS. However if we have a multicolumn PK, things get ugly.
1921 # Look at _multipk_update_delete()
1922 sub _subq_update_delete {
1924 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1926 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1928 # quick check if we got a sane rs on our hands
1929 my @pcols = $rsrc->_pri_cols;
1931 my $sel = $rs->_resolved_attrs->{select};
1932 $sel = [ $sel ] unless ref $sel eq 'ARRAY';
1935 join ("\x00", map { join '.', $rs->{attrs}{alias}, $_ } sort @pcols)
1937 join ("\x00", sort @$sel )
1939 $self->throw_exception (
1940 '_subq_update_delete can not be called on resultsets selecting columns other than the primary keys'
1947 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1948 { $pcols[0] => { -in => $rs->as_query } },
1953 return $self->_multipk_update_delete (@_);
1957 # ANSI SQL does not provide a reliable way to perform a multicol-PK
1958 # resultset update/delete involving subqueries. So by default resort
1959 # to simple (and inefficient) delete_all style per-row opearations,
1960 # while allowing specific storages to override this with a faster
1963 sub _multipk_update_delete {
1964 return shift->_per_row_update_delete (@_);
1967 # This is the default loop used to delete/update rows for multi PK
1968 # resultsets, and used by mysql exclusively (because it can't do anything
1971 # We do not use $row->$op style queries, because resultset update/delete
1972 # is not expected to cascade (this is what delete_all/update_all is for).
1974 # There should be no race conditions as the entire operation is rolled
1977 sub _per_row_update_delete {
1979 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1981 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1982 my @pcols = $rsrc->_pri_cols;
1984 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1986 # emulate the return value of $sth->execute for non-selects
1987 my $row_cnt = '0E0';
1989 my $subrs_cur = $rs->cursor;
1990 my @all_pk = $subrs_cur->all;
1991 for my $pks ( @all_pk) {
1994 for my $i (0.. $#pcols) {
1995 $cond->{$pcols[$i]} = $pks->[$i];
2000 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
2014 $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
2017 sub _select_args_to_query {
2020 # my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset)
2021 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
2022 my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, @args) =
2023 $self->_select_args(@_);
2025 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset ]);
2026 my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, \@args);
2027 $prepared_bind ||= [];
2030 ? ($sql, $prepared_bind, $bind_attrs)
2031 : \[ "($sql)", @$prepared_bind ]
2036 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $attrs) = @_;
2038 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
2039 my ($alias2source, $rs_alias) = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
2046 $rs_alias && $alias2source->{$rs_alias}
2047 ? ( _rsroot_rsrc => $alias2source->{$rs_alias} )
2052 # calculate bind_attrs before possible $ident mangling
2053 my $bind_attrs = {};
2054 for my $alias (keys %$alias2source) {
2055 my $bindtypes = $self->source_bind_attributes ($alias2source->{$alias}) || {};
2056 for my $col (keys %$bindtypes) {
2058 my $fqcn = join ('.', $alias, $col);
2059 $bind_attrs->{$fqcn} = $bindtypes->{$col} if $bindtypes->{$col};
2061 # Unqialified column names are nice, but at the same time can be
2062 # rather ambiguous. What we do here is basically go along with
2063 # the loop, adding an unqualified column slot to $bind_attrs,
2064 # alongside the fully qualified name. As soon as we encounter
2065 # another column by that name (which would imply another table)
2066 # we unset the unqualified slot and never add any info to it
2067 # to avoid erroneous type binding. If this happens the users
2068 # only choice will be to fully qualify his column name
2070 if (exists $bind_attrs->{$col}) {
2071 $bind_attrs->{$col} = {};
2074 $bind_attrs->{$col} = $bind_attrs->{$fqcn};
2079 # Sanity check the attributes (SQLMaker does it too, but
2080 # in case of a software_limit we'll never reach there)
2081 if (defined $attrs->{offset}) {
2082 $self->throw_exception('A supplied offset attribute must be a non-negative integer')
2083 if ( $attrs->{offset} =~ /\D/ or $attrs->{offset} < 0 );
2085 $attrs->{offset} ||= 0;
2087 if (defined $attrs->{rows}) {
2088 $self->throw_exception("The rows attribute must be a positive integer if present")
2089 if ( $attrs->{rows} =~ /\D/ or $attrs->{rows} <= 0 );
2091 elsif ($attrs->{offset}) {
2092 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
2093 $attrs->{rows} = $sql_maker->__max_int;
2098 # see if we need to tear the prefetch apart otherwise delegate the limiting to the
2099 # storage, unless software limit was requested
2102 ( $attrs->{rows} && keys %{$attrs->{collapse}} )
2104 # grouped prefetch (to satisfy group_by == select)
2105 ( $attrs->{group_by}
2107 @{$attrs->{group_by}}
2109 $attrs->{_prefetch_selector_range}
2112 ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs)
2113 = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
2115 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
2116 push @limit, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
2119 # try to simplify the joinmap further (prune unreferenced type-single joins)
2120 $ident = $self->_prune_unused_joins ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
2123 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $where
2124 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
2125 # expect a row object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
2126 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
2128 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
2129 # invoked, and that's just bad...
2132 return ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $where, $attrs, @limit);
2135 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
2136 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
2137 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
2138 # sense as a performance optimization
2140 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
2141 return { count => '*' };
2145 sub source_bind_attributes {
2146 my ($self, $source) = @_;
2148 my $bind_attributes;
2150 my $colinfo = $source->columns_info;
2152 for my $col (keys %$colinfo) {
2153 if (my $dt = $colinfo->{$col}{data_type} ) {
2154 $bind_attributes->{$col} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($dt)
2158 return $bind_attributes;
2165 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
2169 Handle a SQL select statement.
2175 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
2176 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
2181 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
2182 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2183 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
2184 if(@row && @nextrow) {
2185 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
2187 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
2192 =head2 sql_limit_dialect
2194 This is an accessor for the default SQL limit dialect used by a particular
2195 storage driver. Can be overriden by supplying an explicit L</limit_dialect>
2196 to L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>. For a list of available limit dialects
2197 see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
2203 =item Arguments: $sql
2207 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
2212 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
2214 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
2215 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
2216 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
2217 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
2219 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
2220 # but apparently that's not true :(
2221 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
2227 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
2228 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql); # retry over disconnects
2231 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
2232 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
2234 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
2238 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
2239 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
2241 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
2243 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
2244 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
2245 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
2246 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
2247 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
2248 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
2250 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
2255 return \%result if !$caught && scalar keys %result;
2259 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
2261 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
2262 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
2264 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
2265 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
2266 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
2268 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
2269 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
2270 $column_info{size} = $2;
2273 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
2277 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
2278 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
2279 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
2281 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
2282 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
2283 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
2284 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
2291 sub columns_info_for {
2292 my ($self, $table) = @_;
2293 $self->_dbh_columns_info_for ($self->_get_dbh, $table);
2296 =head2 last_insert_id
2298 Return the row id of the last insert.
2302 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
2303 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
2305 my $id = try { $dbh->last_insert_id (undef, undef, $source->name, $col) };
2307 return $id if defined $id;
2309 my $class = ref $self;
2310 $self->throw_exception ("No storage specific _dbh_last_insert_id() method implemented in $class, and the generic DBI::last_insert_id() failed");
2313 sub last_insert_id {
2315 $self->_dbh_last_insert_id ($self->_dbh, @_);
2318 =head2 _native_data_type
2322 =item Arguments: $type_name
2326 This API is B<EXPERIMENTAL>, will almost definitely change in the future, and
2327 currently only used by L<::AutoCast|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::AutoCast> and
2328 L<::Sybase::ASE|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Sybase::ASE>.
2330 The default implementation returns C<undef>, implement in your Storage driver if
2331 you need this functionality.
2333 Should map types from other databases to the native RDBMS type, for example
2334 C<VARCHAR2> to C<VARCHAR>.
2336 Types with modifiers should map to the underlying data type. For example,
2337 C<INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT> should become C<INTEGER>.
2339 Composite types should map to the container type, for example
2340 C<ENUM(foo,bar,baz)> becomes C<ENUM>.
2344 sub _native_data_type {
2345 #my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2349 # Check if placeholders are supported at all
2350 sub _determine_supports_placeholders {
2352 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2354 # some drivers provide a $dbh attribute (e.g. Sybase and $dbh->{syb_dynamic_supported})
2355 # but it is inaccurate more often than not
2357 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2358 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2359 $dbh->do('select ?', {}, 1);
2367 # Check if placeholders bound to non-string types throw exceptions
2369 sub _determine_supports_typeless_placeholders {
2371 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2374 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2375 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2376 # this specifically tests a bind that is NOT a string
2377 $dbh->do('select 1 where 1 = ?', {}, 1);
2387 Returns the database driver name.
2392 shift->_get_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
2395 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2397 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2398 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2399 let the database planner just handle it.
2401 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
2405 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2409 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2411 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2412 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2413 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2414 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2415 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2419 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2420 my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2422 return 0 unless $dt;
2424 return $dt =~ /^ (?:
2425 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2430 =head2 create_ddl_dir
2434 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2438 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2439 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2440 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2442 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2443 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2444 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2445 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2447 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2448 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2449 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2450 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2452 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2453 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2454 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2455 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_table_names> and
2456 C<quote_field_names>.
2458 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2462 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2464 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2466 =item directory - './'
2468 =item preversion - <none>
2472 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2474 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2476 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2477 hashref like the following
2479 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2482 WARNING: You are strongly advised to check all SQL files created, before applying
2487 sub create_ddl_dir {
2488 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
2491 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
2496 make_path ("$dir") # make_path does not like objects (i.e. Path::Class::Dir)
2498 $self->throw_exception(
2499 "Failed to create '$dir': " . ($! || $@ || 'error unknow')
2503 $self->throw_exception ("Directory '$dir' does not exist\n") unless(-d $dir);
2505 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
2506 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
2508 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2509 $version ||= $schema_version;
2512 add_drop_table => 1,
2513 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
2514 ignore_index_names => 1,
2518 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy')) {
2519 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
2522 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
2524 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
2525 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
2526 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
2528 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
2530 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
2531 $sqlt->producer($db);
2534 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
2535 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
2536 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
2537 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
2541 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
2543 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
2546 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
2547 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
2550 print $file $output;
2553 next unless ($preversion);
2555 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
2557 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
2558 if(!-e $prefilename) {
2559 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
2563 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
2565 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
2571 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2576 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2578 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
2579 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2581 $source_schema = $t->schema;
2583 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
2584 unless ( $source_schema->name );
2587 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
2588 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
2589 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
2590 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
2592 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
2593 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2598 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2600 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
2601 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2603 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
2605 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
2606 unless $dest_schema->name;
2609 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
2613 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
2614 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
2622 =head2 deployment_statements
2626 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
2630 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
2632 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
2633 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
2635 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
2636 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
2637 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
2639 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
2640 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
2642 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
2646 sub deployment_statements {
2647 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
2648 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
2649 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2651 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
2655 open($file, "<$filename")
2656 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
2659 return join('', @rows);
2662 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy') ) {
2663 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without a ddl_dir or " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
2666 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
2668 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
2669 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
2671 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(
2672 producer => "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}",
2674 parser => 'SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class',
2680 @ret = $tr->translate;
2683 $ret[0] = $tr->translate;
2686 $self->throw_exception( 'Unable to produce deployment statements: ' . $tr->error)
2687 unless (@ret && defined $ret[0]);
2689 return wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
2693 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
2696 return if($line =~ /^--/);
2698 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
2699 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
2700 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
2701 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
2702 $self->_query_start($line);
2704 # do a dbh_do cycle here, as we need some error checking in
2705 # place (even though we will ignore errors)
2706 $self->dbh_do (sub { $_[1]->do($line) });
2708 carp qq{$_ (running "${line}")};
2710 $self->_query_end($line);
2712 my @statements = $schema->deployment_statements($type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
2713 if (@statements > 1) {
2714 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
2715 $deploy->( $statement );
2718 elsif (@statements == 1) {
2719 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
2725 =head2 datetime_parser
2727 Returns the datetime parser class
2731 sub datetime_parser {
2733 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
2734 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
2738 =head2 datetime_parser_type
2740 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
2741 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
2745 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
2747 =head2 build_datetime_parser
2749 See L</datetime_parser>
2753 sub build_datetime_parser {
2755 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
2756 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($type);
2761 =head2 is_replicating
2763 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
2764 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
2765 returned by databases that don't support replication.
2769 sub is_replicating {
2774 =head2 lag_behind_master
2776 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
2777 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
2778 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
2782 sub lag_behind_master {
2786 =head2 relname_to_table_alias
2790 =item Arguments: $relname, $join_count
2794 L<DBIx::Class> uses L<DBIx::Class::Relationship> names as table aliases in
2797 This hook is to allow specific L<DBIx::Class::Storage> drivers to change the
2798 way these aliases are named.
2800 The default behavior is C<< "$relname_$join_count" if $join_count > 1 >>,
2801 otherwise C<"$relname">.
2805 sub relname_to_table_alias {
2806 my ($self, $relname, $join_count) = @_;
2808 my $alias = ($join_count && $join_count > 1 ?
2809 join('_', $relname, $join_count) : $relname);
2814 # The size in bytes to use for DBI's ->bind_param_inout, this is the generic
2815 # version and it may be necessary to amend or override it for a specific storage
2816 # if such binds are necessary.
2817 sub _max_column_bytesize {
2818 my ($self, $source, $col) = @_;
2820 my $inf = $source->column_info($col);
2821 return $inf->{_max_bytesize} ||= do {
2825 if (my $data_type = $inf->{data_type}) {
2826 $data_type = lc($data_type);
2828 # String/sized-binary types
2829 if ($data_type =~ /^(?:l?(?:var)?char(?:acter)?(?:\s*varying)?
2830 |(?:var)?binary(?:\s*varying)?|raw)\b/x
2832 $max_size = $inf->{size};
2834 # Other charset/unicode types, assume scale of 4
2835 elsif ($data_type =~ /^(?:national\s*character(?:\s*varying)?|nchar
2839 $max_size = $inf->{size} * 4 if $inf->{size};
2842 elsif ($self->_is_lob_type($data_type)) {
2843 # default to longreadlen
2846 $max_size = 100; # for all other (numeric?) datatypes
2850 $max_size ||= $self->_get_dbh->{LongReadLen} || 8000;
2854 # Determine if a data_type is some type of BLOB
2856 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2857 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /(?:lob|bfile|text|image|bytea|memo)/i
2858 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s*(?:raw|bit\s*varying|varbit|binary
2859 |varchar|character\s*varying|nvarchar
2860 |national\s*character\s*varying))?$/xi);
2867 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
2869 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
2870 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
2871 (the default) combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
2873 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
2874 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
2875 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
2876 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
2877 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
2878 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
2879 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
2885 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2887 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2891 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.