1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
4 use base 'DBIx::Class::Storage';
8 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
10 use SQL::Abstract::Limit;
11 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
13 use Scalar::Util qw/blessed weaken/;
15 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
16 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts
17 _conn_pid _conn_tid transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit savepoints/
20 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
21 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
22 my @storage_options = qw/
23 on_connect_do on_disconnect_do disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
25 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
28 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
29 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
31 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/sql_maker_class/);
32 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIC::SQL::Abstract');
36 package # Hide from PAUSE
37 DBIC::SQL::Abstract; # Would merge upstream, but nate doesn't reply :(
39 use base qw/SQL::Abstract::Limit/;
41 # This prevents the caching of $dbh in S::A::L, I believe
43 my $self = shift->SUPER::new(@_);
45 # If limit_dialect is a ref (like a $dbh), go ahead and replace
46 # it with what it resolves to:
47 $self->{limit_dialect} = $self->_find_syntax($self->{limit_dialect})
48 if ref $self->{limit_dialect};
53 # DB2 is the only remaining DB using this. Even though we are not sure if
54 # RowNumberOver is still needed here (should be part of SQLA) leave the
57 my ($self, $sql, $order, $rows, $offset ) = @_;
60 my $last = $rows + $offset;
61 my ( $order_by ) = $self->_order_by( $order );
66 SELECT Q1.*, ROW_NUMBER() OVER( ) AS ROW_NUM FROM (
71 WHERE ROW_NUM BETWEEN $offset AND $last
79 # While we're at it, this should make LIMIT queries more efficient,
80 # without digging into things too deeply
81 use Scalar::Util 'blessed';
83 my ($self, $syntax) = @_;
85 # DB2 is the only remaining DB using this. Even though we are not sure if
86 # RowNumberOver is still needed here (should be part of SQLA) leave the
88 my $dbhname = blessed($syntax) ? $syntax->{Driver}{Name} : $syntax;
89 if(ref($self) && $dbhname && $dbhname eq 'DB2') {
90 return 'RowNumberOver';
93 $self->{_cached_syntax} ||= $self->SUPER::_find_syntax($syntax);
97 my ($self, $table, $fields, $where, $order, @rest) = @_;
98 if (ref $table eq 'SCALAR') {
101 elsif (not ref $table) {
102 $table = $self->_quote($table);
104 local $self->{rownum_hack_count} = 1
105 if (defined $rest[0] && $self->{limit_dialect} eq 'RowNum');
106 @rest = (-1) unless defined $rest[0];
107 die "LIMIT 0 Does Not Compute" if $rest[0] == 0;
108 # and anyway, SQL::Abstract::Limit will cause a barf if we don't first
109 local $self->{having_bind} = [];
110 my ($sql, @ret) = $self->SUPER::select(
111 $table, $self->_recurse_fields($fields), $where, $order, @rest
116 $self->{for} eq 'update' ? ' FOR UPDATE' :
117 $self->{for} eq 'shared' ? ' FOR SHARE' :
122 return wantarray ? ($sql, @ret, @{$self->{having_bind}}) : $sql;
128 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
129 $self->SUPER::insert($table, @_);
135 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
136 $self->SUPER::update($table, @_);
142 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
143 $self->SUPER::delete($table, @_);
149 return $_[1].$self->_order_by($_[2]);
151 return $self->SUPER::_emulate_limit(@_);
155 sub _recurse_fields {
156 my ($self, $fields, $params) = @_;
157 my $ref = ref $fields;
158 return $self->_quote($fields) unless $ref;
159 return $$fields if $ref eq 'SCALAR';
161 if ($ref eq 'ARRAY') {
162 return join(', ', map {
163 $self->_recurse_fields($_)
164 .(exists $self->{rownum_hack_count} && !($params && $params->{no_rownum_hack})
165 ? ' AS col'.$self->{rownum_hack_count}++
168 } elsif ($ref eq 'HASH') {
169 foreach my $func (keys %$fields) {
170 return $self->_sqlcase($func)
171 .'( '.$self->_recurse_fields($fields->{$func}).' )';
174 # Is the second check absolutely necessary?
175 elsif ( $ref eq 'REF' and ref($$fields) eq 'ARRAY' ) {
176 return $self->_bind_to_sql( $fields );
179 Carp::croak($ref . qq{ unexpected in _recurse_fields()})
187 if (ref $_[0] eq 'HASH') {
188 if (defined $_[0]->{group_by}) {
189 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' group by ')
190 .$self->_recurse_fields($_[0]->{group_by}, { no_rownum_hack => 1 });
192 if (defined $_[0]->{having}) {
194 ($frag, @extra) = $self->_recurse_where($_[0]->{having});
195 push(@{$self->{having_bind}}, @extra);
196 $ret .= $self->_sqlcase(' having ').$frag;
198 if (defined $_[0]->{order_by}) {
199 $ret .= $self->_order_by($_[0]->{order_by});
201 if (grep { $_ =~ /^-(desc|asc)/i } keys %{$_[0]}) {
202 return $self->SUPER::_order_by($_[0]);
204 } elsif (ref $_[0] eq 'SCALAR') {
205 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ').${ $_[0] };
206 } elsif (ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' && @{$_[0]}) {
207 my @order = @{+shift};
208 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ')
210 my $r = $self->_order_by($_, @_);
211 $r =~ s/^ ?ORDER BY //i;
215 $ret = $self->SUPER::_order_by(@_);
220 sub _order_directions {
221 my ($self, $order) = @_;
222 $order = $order->{order_by} if ref $order eq 'HASH';
223 return $self->SUPER::_order_directions($order);
227 my ($self, $from) = @_;
228 if (ref $from eq 'ARRAY') {
229 return $self->_recurse_from(@$from);
230 } elsif (ref $from eq 'HASH') {
231 return $self->_make_as($from);
233 return $from; # would love to quote here but _table ends up getting called
234 # twice during an ->select without a limit clause due to
235 # the way S::A::Limit->select works. should maybe consider
236 # bypassing this and doing S::A::select($self, ...) in
237 # our select method above. meantime, quoting shims have
238 # been added to select/insert/update/delete here
243 my ($self, $from, @join) = @_;
245 push(@sqlf, $self->_make_as($from));
246 foreach my $j (@join) {
249 # check whether a join type exists
250 my $join_clause = '';
251 my $to_jt = ref($to) eq 'ARRAY' ? $to->[0] : $to;
252 if (ref($to_jt) eq 'HASH' and exists($to_jt->{-join_type})) {
253 $join_clause = ' '.uc($to_jt->{-join_type}).' JOIN ';
255 $join_clause = ' JOIN ';
257 push(@sqlf, $join_clause);
259 if (ref $to eq 'ARRAY') {
260 push(@sqlf, '(', $self->_recurse_from(@$to), ')');
262 push(@sqlf, $self->_make_as($to));
264 push(@sqlf, ' ON ', $self->_join_condition($on));
266 return join('', @sqlf);
272 my $sql = shift @$$arr;
273 $sql =~ s/\?/$self->_quote((shift @$$arr)->[1])/eg;
278 my ($self, $from) = @_;
279 return join(' ', map { (ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' ? $$_
280 : ref $_ eq 'REF' ? $self->_bind_to_sql($_)
282 } reverse each %{$self->_skip_options($from)});
286 my ($self, $hash) = @_;
288 $clean_hash->{$_} = $hash->{$_}
289 for grep {!/^-/} keys %$hash;
293 sub _join_condition {
294 my ($self, $cond) = @_;
295 if (ref $cond eq 'HASH') {
300 # XXX no throw_exception() in this package and croak() fails with strange results
301 Carp::croak(ref($v) . qq{ reference arguments are not supported in JOINS - try using \"..." instead'})
302 if ref($v) ne 'SCALAR';
306 my $x = '= '.$self->_quote($v); $j{$_} = \$x;
309 return scalar($self->_recurse_where(\%j));
310 } elsif (ref $cond eq 'ARRAY') {
311 return join(' OR ', map { $self->_join_condition($_) } @$cond);
313 die "Can't handle this yet!";
318 my ($self, $label) = @_;
319 return '' unless defined $label;
320 return "*" if $label eq '*';
321 return $label unless $self->{quote_char};
322 if(ref $self->{quote_char} eq "ARRAY"){
323 return $self->{quote_char}->[0] . $label . $self->{quote_char}->[1]
324 if !defined $self->{name_sep};
325 my $sep = $self->{name_sep};
326 return join($self->{name_sep},
327 map { $self->{quote_char}->[0] . $_ . $self->{quote_char}->[1] }
328 split(/\Q$sep\E/,$label));
330 return $self->SUPER::_quote($label);
335 $self->{limit_dialect} = shift if @_;
336 return $self->{limit_dialect};
341 $self->{quote_char} = shift if @_;
342 return $self->{quote_char};
347 $self->{name_sep} = shift if @_;
348 return $self->{name_sep};
351 } # End of BEGIN block
355 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
359 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
361 $schema->storage->debug(1);
362 $schema->dbh_do("DROP TABLE authors");
364 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
365 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser(DateTime->now)
370 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
371 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
372 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
379 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
381 $new->transaction_depth(0);
382 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
383 $new->{savepoints} = [];
384 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
385 $new->{_dbh_gen} = 0;
392 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
393 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
395 The argument list may contain:
401 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
402 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
403 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
404 recognized by DBIx::Class:
406 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
410 A single code reference which returns a connected
411 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
412 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
415 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
419 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
422 $connect_info_args = [{
430 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
431 following config (L<Config::General> style):
436 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
445 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
446 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
447 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
448 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
449 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
450 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
452 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
454 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
455 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
456 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
457 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a seperate hashref
458 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
460 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
461 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
462 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
469 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
470 the database. Its value may contain:
474 =item an array reference
476 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
477 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
479 =item a code reference
481 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
482 array reference, its return value is ignored.
486 =item on_disconnect_do
488 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
489 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
491 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
494 =item disable_sth_caching
496 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
497 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
501 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
502 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
503 driver alone. See also L<SQL::Abstract::Limit>.
507 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
508 you use this you will want to specify L</name_sep> as well.
510 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
511 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
512 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
514 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
515 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
519 This only needs to be used in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
520 specify the charecter that seperates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
521 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
523 The consequences of not supplying this value is that L<SQL::Abstract>
524 will assume DBIx::Class' uses of aliases to be complete column
525 names. The output will look like I<"me.name"> when it should actually
530 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
531 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
532 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
533 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
535 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
536 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
537 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
538 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
540 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
541 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
542 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
546 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
547 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
548 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
552 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
553 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
557 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
558 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
560 # Simple SQLite connection
561 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
564 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
566 # A bit more complicated
573 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
577 # Equivalent to the previous example
583 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
587 # Same, but with hashref as argument
588 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
591 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
593 password => 'my_pg_password',
600 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
603 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
607 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
608 disable_sth_caching => 1,
618 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
620 return $self->_connect_info if !$info_arg;
622 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
623 $self->_connect_info([@args]); # copy for _connect_info
626 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
629 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
630 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
633 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
634 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
636 for (qw/password user dsn/) {
637 unshift @args, delete $attrs{$_};
640 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
642 % { $args[3] || {} },
643 % { $args[4] || {} },
645 @args = @args[0,1,2];
648 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
649 # the new set of options
650 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
651 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
654 for my $storage_opt (@storage_options, 'cursor_class') { # @storage_options is declared at the top of the module
655 if(my $value = delete $attrs{$storage_opt}) {
656 $self->$storage_opt($value);
659 for my $sql_maker_opt (qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/) {
660 if(my $opt_val = delete $attrs{$sql_maker_opt}) {
661 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $opt_val;
666 %attrs = () if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE'); # _connect() never looks past $args[0] in this case
668 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args, keys %attrs ? \%attrs : ()]);
669 $self->_connect_info;
674 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
679 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
681 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
682 connection management.
684 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
685 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
686 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
688 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
689 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
691 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
692 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
693 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
697 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
699 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
700 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
701 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
712 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
714 return $self->$code($dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
715 || $self->{transaction_depth};
717 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
720 my $want_array = wantarray;
723 $self->_verify_pid if $dbh;
725 $self->_populate_dbh;
730 @result = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
732 elsif(defined $want_array) {
733 $result[0] = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
736 $self->$code($dbh, @_);
741 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
743 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
745 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
746 # exception fall right through this time
747 $self->_populate_dbh;
748 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @_);
751 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
752 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
753 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
758 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
759 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
761 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
763 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
766 my $want_array = wantarray;
771 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
772 $self->_populate_dbh if !$self->_dbh;
776 @result = $coderef->(@_);
778 elsif(defined $want_array) {
779 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
788 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
790 if($tried++ > 0 || $self->connected) {
791 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
792 my $rollback_exception = $@;
793 if($rollback_exception) {
794 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
795 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
796 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
798 $self->throw_exception(
799 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
800 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
803 $self->throw_exception($exception)
806 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
808 $self->_populate_dbh;
814 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
815 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
822 if( $self->connected ) {
823 my $connection_do = $self->on_disconnect_do;
824 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if ref($connection_do);
826 $self->_dbh->rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
827 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
833 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
837 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
839 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
843 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
844 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
848 # Storage subclasses should override this
849 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
850 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
858 if(my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
859 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
866 return 0 if !$self->_dbh;
868 return ($dbh->FETCH('Active') && $dbh->ping);
874 # handle pid changes correctly
875 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
879 return if defined $self->_conn_pid && $self->_conn_pid == $$;
881 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
888 sub ensure_connected {
891 unless ($self->connected) {
892 $self->_populate_dbh;
898 Returns the dbh - a data base handle of class L<DBI>.
905 $self->ensure_connected;
909 sub _sql_maker_args {
912 return ( bindtype=>'columns', array_datatypes => 1, limit_dialect => $self->dbh, %{$self->_sql_maker_opts} );
917 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
918 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
919 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
921 return $self->_sql_maker;
928 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
929 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
931 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
932 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
933 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
935 if(ref $self eq 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI') {
936 my $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
937 if ($self->load_optional_class("DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}")) {
938 bless $self, "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
943 $self->_conn_pid($$);
944 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
946 my $connection_do = $self->on_connect_do;
947 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if ref($connection_do);
950 sub _do_connection_actions {
952 my $connection_do = shift;
954 if (ref $connection_do eq 'ARRAY') {
955 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$connection_do;
957 elsif (ref $connection_do eq 'CODE') {
958 $connection_do->($self);
965 my ($self, $action) = @_;
967 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
968 $action = $action->($self);
969 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
972 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
973 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
974 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
975 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
976 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
977 my $sql = shift @do_args;
978 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
979 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
981 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
982 $self->_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
983 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
990 my ($self, @info) = @_;
992 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
995 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
997 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
998 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
999 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
1003 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
1007 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
1010 if($dbh && !$self->unsafe) {
1011 my $weak_self = $self;
1013 $dbh->{HandleError} = sub {
1015 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1018 croak ("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1021 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
1022 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1023 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1027 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
1029 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
1032 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1038 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1040 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
1041 unless defined $name;
1043 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1044 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1046 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1047 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
1049 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
1051 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
1053 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
1057 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1059 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1060 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1062 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1063 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
1065 if (defined $name) {
1066 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
1067 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1069 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1070 # the stack up to date.
1073 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
1075 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1078 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
1080 return $self->_svp_release($name);
1084 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1086 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1087 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1089 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1090 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
1092 if (defined $name) {
1093 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
1094 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1095 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
1098 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1099 # the stack up to date.
1100 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1101 last if($s eq $name);
1103 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
1104 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
1105 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
1107 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
1108 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
1111 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
1113 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
1116 sub _svp_generate_name {
1119 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
1124 $self->ensure_connected();
1125 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
1126 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
1128 # this isn't ->_dbh-> because
1129 # we should reconnect on begin_work
1130 # for AutoCommit users
1131 $self->dbh->begin_work;
1132 } elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1135 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1140 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1141 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1142 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1145 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1146 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1148 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1149 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1151 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1157 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1159 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1160 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1162 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1163 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1166 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1167 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1168 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1169 $self->svp_rollback;
1174 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1179 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1180 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
1181 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1182 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1183 $self->throw_exception($error);
1187 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1188 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1189 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1190 sub _prep_for_execute {
1191 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1193 if( blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1194 $ident = $ident->from();
1197 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1200 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1202 return ($sql, \@bind);
1205 sub _fix_bind_params {
1206 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1208 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1209 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1211 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1214 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1215 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1222 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1224 if ( $self->debug ) {
1225 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1227 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1232 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1234 if ( $self->debug ) {
1235 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1236 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1241 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1243 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1245 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1247 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1249 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1251 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1252 my $attributes = {};
1253 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1255 if ($bind_attributes) {
1256 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1257 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1260 foreach my $data (@data) {
1261 my $ref = ref $data;
1262 $data = $ref && $ref ne 'ARRAY' ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args (except arrayrefs)
1264 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
1265 $placeholder_index++;
1269 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1270 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1271 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1273 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1275 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1280 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_)
1284 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1286 my $ident = $source->from;
1287 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1289 $self->ensure_connected;
1290 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1291 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1292 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1294 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1295 $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch( 'nextval', $col_info->{sequence} || $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->dbh, $source) );
1300 $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert);
1305 ## Still not quite perfect, and EXPERIMENTAL
1306 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1307 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1308 ## only prepped once.
1310 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1312 my $table = $source->from;
1313 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1314 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->insert($table, \%colvalues);
1316 $self->_query_start( $sql, @bind );
1317 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1319 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1321 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1323 my $tuple_status = [];
1326 ##print STDERR Dumper( $data, $sql, [@bind] );
1330 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1331 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1333 ## Bind the values and execute
1334 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1336 foreach my $bound (@bind) {
1338 my $attributes = {};
1339 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1341 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1342 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1343 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1346 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1348 $sth->bind_param_array( $placeholder_index, [@data], $attributes );
1349 $placeholder_index++;
1351 my $rv = $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1352 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1354 $self->_query_end( $sql, @bind );
1355 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1359 my $self = shift @_;
1360 my $source = shift @_;
1361 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1363 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, @_);
1368 my $self = shift @_;
1369 my $source = shift @_;
1371 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## If ever it's needed...
1373 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @_);
1378 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1379 local $sql_maker->{for};
1380 return $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
1384 my ($self, $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1385 my $order = $attrs->{order_by};
1387 if (ref $condition eq 'SCALAR') {
1388 my $unwrap = ${$condition};
1389 if ($unwrap =~ s/ORDER BY (.*)$//i) {
1391 $condition = \$unwrap;
1395 my $for = delete $attrs->{for};
1396 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1397 $sql_maker->{for} = $for;
1399 if (exists $attrs->{group_by} || $attrs->{having}) {
1401 group_by => $attrs->{group_by},
1402 having => $attrs->{having},
1403 ($order ? (order_by => $order) : ())
1406 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## Future support
1407 my @args = ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $condition, $order);
1408 if ($attrs->{software_limit} ||
1409 $self->sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ") {
1410 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1412 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1413 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1415 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
1416 $attrs->{rows} = 2**48 if not defined $attrs->{rows} and defined $attrs->{offset};
1417 push @args, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1422 sub source_bind_attributes {
1423 my ($self, $source) = @_;
1425 my $bind_attributes;
1426 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
1428 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
1429 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
1433 return $bind_attributes;
1440 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
1444 Handle a SQL select statement.
1450 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1451 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
1456 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
1457 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1458 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
1459 if(@row && @nextrow) {
1460 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
1462 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
1471 =item Arguments: $sql
1475 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
1480 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1482 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1483 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1484 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1485 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1487 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1488 # but apparently that's not true :(
1489 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
1495 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
1496 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql);
1499 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
1500 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
1502 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
1505 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
1506 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
1508 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
1510 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
1511 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
1512 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
1513 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
1514 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
1515 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
1517 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
1520 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
1524 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
1526 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
1527 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
1529 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
1530 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
1531 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
1533 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
1534 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
1535 $column_info{size} = $2;
1538 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
1542 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
1543 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
1544 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
1546 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
1547 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
1548 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
1549 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
1556 sub columns_info_for {
1557 my ($self, $table) = @_;
1558 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_columns_info_for', $table);
1561 =head2 last_insert_id
1563 Return the row id of the last insert.
1567 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
1568 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
1569 # XXX This is a SQLite-ism as a default... is there a DBI-generic way?
1570 $dbh->func('last_insert_rowid');
1573 sub last_insert_id {
1575 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_last_insert_id', @_);
1580 Returns the database driver name.
1584 sub sqlt_type { shift->dbh->{Driver}->{Name} }
1586 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
1588 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
1589 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
1590 let the database planner just handle it.
1592 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
1596 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
1600 =head2 create_ddl_dir
1604 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
1608 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
1609 database types, in the given directory.
1611 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
1613 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
1615 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
1616 hashref like the following
1618 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
1622 sub create_ddl_dir {
1623 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
1625 if(!$dir || !-d $dir) {
1626 warn "No directory given, using ./\n";
1629 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
1630 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
1632 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
1633 $version ||= $schema_version;
1636 add_drop_table => 1,
1637 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
1638 ignore_index_names => 1,
1642 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't create a ddl file without SQL::Translator 0.09003: '}
1643 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1644 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1646 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
1648 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
1649 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema }) or die $sqlt->error;
1651 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
1653 $sqlt = $self->configure_sqlt($sqlt, $db);
1654 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
1655 $sqlt->producer($db);
1658 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
1659 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
1660 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
1661 warn "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
1665 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
1667 warn("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
1670 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
1671 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
1674 print $file $output;
1677 next unless ($preversion);
1679 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
1681 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
1682 if(!-e $prefilename) {
1683 warn("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
1687 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
1689 warn("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
1695 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1698 $t->parser( $db ) or die $t->error;
1699 $t = $self->configure_sqlt($t, $db);
1700 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename ) or die $t->error;
1701 $source_schema = $t->schema;
1702 unless ( $source_schema->name ) {
1703 $source_schema->name( $prefilename );
1707 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
1708 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
1709 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
1710 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
1712 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
1713 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1716 $t->parser( $db ) or die $t->error;
1717 $t = $self->configure_sqlt($t, $db);
1718 my $out = $t->translate( $filename ) or die $t->error;
1719 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
1720 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
1721 unless $dest_schema->name;
1724 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
1728 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
1729 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
1737 sub configure_sqlt() {
1740 my $db = shift || $self->sqlt_type;
1741 if ($db eq 'PostgreSQL') {
1742 $tr->quote_table_names(0);
1743 $tr->quote_field_names(0);
1748 =head2 deployment_statements
1752 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
1756 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
1757 The database driver name is given by C<$type>, though the value from
1758 L</sqlt_type> is used if it is not specified.
1760 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
1761 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
1762 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
1764 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
1765 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
1767 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
1771 sub deployment_statements {
1772 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
1773 # Need to be connected to get the correct sqlt_type
1774 $self->ensure_connected() unless $type;
1775 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
1776 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
1778 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $dir, $version);
1782 open($file, "<$filename")
1783 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
1786 return join('', @rows);
1789 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't deploy without SQL::Translator 0.09003: '}
1790 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1791 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1793 require SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class;
1794 eval qq{use SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}};
1795 $self->throw_exception($@) if $@;
1797 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
1799 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
1800 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
1802 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(%$sqltargs);
1803 SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class::parse( $tr, $schema );
1804 return "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}"->can('produce')->($tr);
1808 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
1811 return if($line =~ /^--/);
1813 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
1814 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
1815 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
1816 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
1817 $self->_query_start($line);
1819 $self->dbh->do($line); # shouldn't be using ->dbh ?
1822 warn qq{$@ (running "${line}")};
1824 $self->_query_end($line);
1826 my @statements = $self->deployment_statements($schema, $type, undef, $dir, { no_comments => 1, %{ $sqltargs || {} } } );
1827 if (@statements > 1) {
1828 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
1829 $deploy->( $statement );
1832 elsif (@statements == 1) {
1833 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
1839 =head2 datetime_parser
1841 Returns the datetime parser class
1845 sub datetime_parser {
1847 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
1848 $self->ensure_connected;
1849 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
1853 =head2 datetime_parser_type
1855 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
1856 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
1860 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
1862 =head2 build_datetime_parser
1864 See L</datetime_parser>
1868 sub build_datetime_parser {
1870 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
1872 $self->throw_exception("Couldn't load ${type}: $@") if $@;
1877 my $_check_sqlt_version; # private
1878 my $_check_sqlt_message; # private
1879 sub _check_sqlt_version {
1880 return $_check_sqlt_version if defined $_check_sqlt_version;
1881 eval 'use SQL::Translator "0.09003"';
1882 $_check_sqlt_message = $@ || '';
1883 $_check_sqlt_version = !$@;
1886 sub _check_sqlt_message {
1887 _check_sqlt_version if !defined $_check_sqlt_message;
1888 $_check_sqlt_message;
1892 =head2 is_replicating
1894 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
1895 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
1896 returned by databases that don't support replication.
1900 sub is_replicating {
1905 =head2 lag_behind_master
1907 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
1908 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
1909 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
1913 sub lag_behind_master {
1919 return if !$self->_dbh;
1928 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
1930 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
1931 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
1932 combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
1934 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
1935 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
1936 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
1937 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
1938 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
1939 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
1940 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
1946 The module defines a set of methods within the DBIC::SQL::Abstract
1947 namespace. These build on L<SQL::Abstract::Limit> to provide the
1948 SQL query functions.
1950 The following methods are extended:-
1964 See L</connect_info> for details.
1968 See L</connect_info> for details.
1972 See L</connect_info> for details.
1978 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
1980 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
1984 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.