1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
4 use base 'DBIx::Class::Storage';
8 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
10 use SQL::Abstract::Limit;
11 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
13 use Scalar::Util qw/blessed weaken/;
15 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
16 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts
17 _conn_pid _conn_tid transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit savepoints/
20 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
21 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
22 my @storage_options = qw/
23 on_connect_do on_disconnect_do disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
25 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
28 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
29 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
31 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/sql_maker_class/);
32 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIC::SQL::Abstract');
36 package # Hide from PAUSE
37 DBIC::SQL::Abstract; # Would merge upstream, but nate doesn't reply :(
39 use base qw/SQL::Abstract::Limit/;
41 # This prevents the caching of $dbh in S::A::L, I believe
43 my $self = shift->SUPER::new(@_);
45 # If limit_dialect is a ref (like a $dbh), go ahead and replace
46 # it with what it resolves to:
47 $self->{limit_dialect} = $self->_find_syntax($self->{limit_dialect})
48 if ref $self->{limit_dialect};
53 # While we're at it, this should make LIMIT queries more efficient,
54 # without digging into things too deeply
55 use Scalar::Util 'blessed';
57 my ($self, $syntax) = @_;
58 my $dbhname = blessed($syntax) ? $syntax->{Driver}{Name} : $syntax;
59 if(ref($self) && $dbhname && $dbhname eq 'DB2') {
60 return 'RowNumberOver';
63 $self->{_cached_syntax} ||= $self->SUPER::_find_syntax($syntax);
67 my ($self, $table, $fields, $where, $order, @rest) = @_;
68 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
69 local $self->{rownum_hack_count} = 1
70 if (defined $rest[0] && $self->{limit_dialect} eq 'RowNum');
71 @rest = (-1) unless defined $rest[0];
72 die "LIMIT 0 Does Not Compute" if $rest[0] == 0;
73 # and anyway, SQL::Abstract::Limit will cause a barf if we don't first
74 local $self->{having_bind} = [];
75 my ($sql, @ret) = $self->SUPER::select(
76 $table, $self->_recurse_fields($fields), $where, $order, @rest
81 $self->{for} eq 'update' ? ' FOR UPDATE' :
82 $self->{for} eq 'shared' ? ' FOR SHARE' :
87 return wantarray ? ($sql, @ret, @{$self->{having_bind}}) : $sql;
93 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
94 $self->SUPER::insert($table, @_);
100 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
101 $self->SUPER::update($table, @_);
107 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
108 $self->SUPER::delete($table, @_);
114 return $_[1].$self->_order_by($_[2]);
116 return $self->SUPER::_emulate_limit(@_);
120 sub _recurse_fields {
121 my ($self, $fields, $params) = @_;
122 my $ref = ref $fields;
123 return $self->_quote($fields) unless $ref;
124 return $$fields if $ref eq 'SCALAR';
126 if ($ref eq 'ARRAY') {
127 return join(', ', map {
128 $self->_recurse_fields($_)
129 .(exists $self->{rownum_hack_count} && !($params && $params->{no_rownum_hack})
130 ? ' AS col'.$self->{rownum_hack_count}++
133 } elsif ($ref eq 'HASH') {
134 foreach my $func (keys %$fields) {
135 return $self->_sqlcase($func)
136 .'( '.$self->_recurse_fields($fields->{$func}).' )';
145 if (ref $_[0] eq 'HASH') {
146 if (defined $_[0]->{group_by}) {
147 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' group by ')
148 .$self->_recurse_fields($_[0]->{group_by}, { no_rownum_hack => 1 });
150 if (defined $_[0]->{having}) {
152 ($frag, @extra) = $self->_recurse_where($_[0]->{having});
153 push(@{$self->{having_bind}}, @extra);
154 $ret .= $self->_sqlcase(' having ').$frag;
156 if (defined $_[0]->{order_by}) {
157 $ret .= $self->_order_by($_[0]->{order_by});
159 } elsif (ref $_[0] eq 'SCALAR') {
160 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ').${ $_[0] };
161 } elsif (ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' && @{$_[0]}) {
162 my @order = @{+shift};
163 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ')
165 my $r = $self->_order_by($_, @_);
166 $r =~ s/^ ?ORDER BY //i;
170 $ret = $self->SUPER::_order_by(@_);
175 sub _order_directions {
176 my ($self, $order) = @_;
177 $order = $order->{order_by} if ref $order eq 'HASH';
178 return $self->SUPER::_order_directions($order);
182 my ($self, $from) = @_;
183 if (ref $from eq 'ARRAY') {
184 return $self->_recurse_from(@$from);
185 } elsif (ref $from eq 'HASH') {
186 return $self->_make_as($from);
188 return $from; # would love to quote here but _table ends up getting called
189 # twice during an ->select without a limit clause due to
190 # the way S::A::Limit->select works. should maybe consider
191 # bypassing this and doing S::A::select($self, ...) in
192 # our select method above. meantime, quoting shims have
193 # been added to select/insert/update/delete here
198 my ($self, $from, @join) = @_;
200 push(@sqlf, $self->_make_as($from));
201 foreach my $j (@join) {
204 # check whether a join type exists
205 my $join_clause = '';
206 my $to_jt = ref($to) eq 'ARRAY' ? $to->[0] : $to;
207 if (ref($to_jt) eq 'HASH' and exists($to_jt->{-join_type})) {
208 $join_clause = ' '.uc($to_jt->{-join_type}).' JOIN ';
210 $join_clause = ' JOIN ';
212 push(@sqlf, $join_clause);
214 if (ref $to eq 'ARRAY') {
215 push(@sqlf, '(', $self->_recurse_from(@$to), ')');
217 push(@sqlf, $self->_make_as($to));
219 push(@sqlf, ' ON (', $self->_join_condition($on), ')');
221 return join('', @sqlf);
225 my ($self, $from) = @_;
226 return join(' ', map { (ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' ? $$_ : $self->_quote($_)) }
227 reverse each %{$self->_skip_options($from)});
231 my ($self, $hash) = @_;
233 $clean_hash->{$_} = $hash->{$_}
234 for grep {!/^-/} keys %$hash;
238 sub _join_condition {
239 my ($self, $cond) = @_;
240 if (ref $cond eq 'HASH') {
245 # XXX no throw_exception() in this package and croak() fails with strange results
246 Carp::croak(ref($v) . qq{ reference arguments are not supported in JOINS - try using \"..." instead'})
247 if ref($v) ne 'SCALAR';
251 my $x = '= '.$self->_quote($v); $j{$_} = \$x;
254 return scalar($self->_recurse_where(\%j));
255 } elsif (ref $cond eq 'ARRAY') {
256 return join(' OR ', map { $self->_join_condition($_) } @$cond);
258 die "Can't handle this yet!";
263 my ($self, $label) = @_;
264 return '' unless defined $label;
265 return "*" if $label eq '*';
266 return $label unless $self->{quote_char};
267 if(ref $self->{quote_char} eq "ARRAY"){
268 return $self->{quote_char}->[0] . $label . $self->{quote_char}->[1]
269 if !defined $self->{name_sep};
270 my $sep = $self->{name_sep};
271 return join($self->{name_sep},
272 map { $self->{quote_char}->[0] . $_ . $self->{quote_char}->[1] }
273 split(/\Q$sep\E/,$label));
275 return $self->SUPER::_quote($label);
280 $self->{limit_dialect} = shift if @_;
281 return $self->{limit_dialect};
286 $self->{quote_char} = shift if @_;
287 return $self->{quote_char};
292 $self->{name_sep} = shift if @_;
293 return $self->{name_sep};
296 } # End of BEGIN block
300 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
304 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
306 $schema->storage->debug(1);
307 $schema->dbh_do("DROP TABLE authors");
309 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
310 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser(DateTime->now)
315 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
316 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
317 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
324 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
326 $new->transaction_depth(0);
327 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
328 $new->{savepoints} = [];
329 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
330 $new->{_dbh_gen} = 0;
337 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
338 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
340 The argument list may contain:
346 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
347 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
348 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
349 recognized by DBIx::Class:
351 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
355 A single code reference which returns a connected
356 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
357 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
360 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
364 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
367 $connect_info_args = [{
375 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
376 following config (L<Config::General> style):
381 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
390 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
391 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
392 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
393 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
394 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
395 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
397 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
399 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
400 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
401 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
402 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a seperate hashref
403 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
405 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
406 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
407 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
414 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
415 the database. Its value may contain:
419 =item an array reference
421 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
422 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
424 =item a code reference
426 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
427 array reference, its return value is ignored.
431 =item on_disconnect_do
433 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
434 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
436 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
439 =item disable_sth_caching
441 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
442 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
446 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
447 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
448 driver alone. See also L<SQL::Abstract::Limit>.
452 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
453 you use this you will want to specify L</name_sep> as well.
455 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
456 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
457 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
459 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
460 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
464 This only needs to be used in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
465 specify the charecter that seperates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
466 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
468 The consequences of not supplying this value is that L<SQL::Abstract>
469 will assume DBIx::Class' uses of aliases to be complete column
470 names. The output will look like I<"me.name"> when it should actually
475 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
476 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
477 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
478 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
480 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
481 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
482 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
483 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
485 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
486 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
487 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
491 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
492 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
493 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
497 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
498 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
502 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
503 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
505 # Simple SQLite connection
506 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
509 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
511 # A bit more complicated
518 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
522 # Equivalent to the previous example
528 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
532 # Same, but with hashref as argument
533 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
536 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
538 password => 'my_pg_password',
545 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
548 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
552 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
553 disable_sth_caching => 1,
563 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
565 return $self->_connect_info if !$info_arg;
567 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
568 $self->_connect_info([@args]); # copy for _connect_info
571 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
574 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
575 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
578 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
579 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
581 for (qw/password user dsn/) {
582 unshift @args, delete $attrs{$_};
585 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
587 % { $args[3] || {} },
588 % { $args[4] || {} },
590 @args = @args[0,1,2];
593 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
594 # the new set of options
595 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
596 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
599 for my $storage_opt (@storage_options, 'cursor_class') { # @storage_options is declared at the top of the module
600 if(my $value = delete $attrs{$storage_opt}) {
601 $self->$storage_opt($value);
604 for my $sql_maker_opt (qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/) {
605 if(my $opt_val = delete $attrs{$sql_maker_opt}) {
606 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $opt_val;
611 %attrs = () if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE'); # _connect() never looks past $args[0] in this case
613 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args, keys %attrs ? \%attrs : ()]);
614 $self->_connect_info;
619 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
624 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
626 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
627 connection management.
629 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
630 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
631 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
633 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
634 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
636 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
637 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
638 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
642 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
644 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
645 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
646 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
657 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
659 return $self->$code($dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
660 || $self->{transaction_depth};
662 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
665 my $want_array = wantarray;
668 $self->_verify_pid if $dbh;
670 $self->_populate_dbh;
675 @result = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
677 elsif(defined $want_array) {
678 $result[0] = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
681 $self->$code($dbh, @_);
686 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
688 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
690 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
691 # exception fall right through this time
692 $self->_populate_dbh;
693 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @_);
696 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
697 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
698 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
703 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
704 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
706 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
708 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
711 my $want_array = wantarray;
716 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
717 $self->_populate_dbh if !$self->_dbh;
721 @result = $coderef->(@_);
723 elsif(defined $want_array) {
724 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
733 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
735 if($tried++ > 0 || $self->connected) {
736 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
737 my $rollback_exception = $@;
738 if($rollback_exception) {
739 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
740 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
741 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
743 $self->throw_exception(
744 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
745 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
748 $self->throw_exception($exception)
751 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
753 $self->_populate_dbh;
759 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
760 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
767 if( $self->connected ) {
768 my $connection_do = $self->on_disconnect_do;
769 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if ref($connection_do);
771 $self->_dbh->rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
772 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
778 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
782 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
784 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
788 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
789 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
793 # Storage subclasses should override this
794 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
795 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
803 if(my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
804 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
811 return 0 if !$self->_dbh;
813 return ($dbh->FETCH('Active') && $dbh->ping);
819 # handle pid changes correctly
820 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
824 return if defined $self->_conn_pid && $self->_conn_pid == $$;
826 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
833 sub ensure_connected {
836 unless ($self->connected) {
837 $self->_populate_dbh;
843 Returns the dbh - a data base handle of class L<DBI>.
850 $self->ensure_connected;
854 sub _sql_maker_args {
857 return ( bindtype=>'columns', limit_dialect => $self->dbh, %{$self->_sql_maker_opts} );
862 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
863 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
864 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
866 return $self->_sql_maker;
873 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
874 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
876 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
877 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
878 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
880 if(ref $self eq 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI') {
881 my $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
882 if ($self->load_optional_class("DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}")) {
883 bless $self, "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
888 my $connection_do = $self->on_connect_do;
889 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if ref($connection_do);
891 $self->_conn_pid($$);
892 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
895 sub _do_connection_actions {
897 my $connection_do = shift;
899 if (ref $connection_do eq 'ARRAY') {
900 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$connection_do;
902 elsif (ref $connection_do eq 'CODE') {
910 my ($self, $action) = @_;
912 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
913 $action = $action->($self);
914 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
917 my @to_run = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
918 $self->_query_start(@to_run);
919 $self->_dbh->do(@to_run);
920 $self->_query_end(@to_run);
927 my ($self, @info) = @_;
929 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
932 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
934 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
935 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
936 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
940 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
944 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
947 if($dbh && !$self->unsafe) {
948 my $weak_self = $self;
950 $dbh->{HandleError} = sub {
952 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
955 croak ("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
958 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
959 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
960 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
964 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
966 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
969 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
975 my ($self, $name) = @_;
977 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
978 unless defined $name;
980 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
981 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
983 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
984 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
986 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
988 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
990 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
994 my ($self, $name) = @_;
996 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
997 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
999 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1000 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
1002 if (defined $name) {
1003 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
1004 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1006 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1007 # the stack up to date.
1010 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
1012 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1015 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
1017 return $self->_svp_release($name);
1021 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1023 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1024 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1026 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1027 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
1029 if (defined $name) {
1030 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
1031 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1032 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
1035 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1036 # the stack up to date.
1037 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1038 last if($s eq $name);
1040 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
1041 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
1042 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
1044 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
1045 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
1048 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
1050 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
1053 sub _svp_generate_name {
1056 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
1061 $self->ensure_connected();
1062 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
1063 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
1065 # this isn't ->_dbh-> because
1066 # we should reconnect on begin_work
1067 # for AutoCommit users
1068 $self->dbh->begin_work;
1069 } elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1072 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1077 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1078 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1079 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1082 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1083 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1085 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1086 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1088 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1094 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1096 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1097 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1099 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1100 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1103 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1104 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1105 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1106 $self->svp_rollback;
1111 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1116 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1117 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
1118 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1119 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1120 $self->throw_exception($error);
1124 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1125 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1126 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1127 sub _prep_for_execute {
1128 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1130 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1132 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1135 return ($sql, \@bind);
1138 sub _fix_bind_params {
1139 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1141 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1142 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1144 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1147 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1148 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1155 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1157 if ( $self->debug ) {
1158 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1160 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1165 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1167 if ( $self->debug ) {
1168 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1169 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1174 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1176 if( blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1177 $ident = $ident->from();
1180 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1182 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1184 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1186 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1188 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1189 my $attributes = {};
1190 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1192 if ($bind_attributes) {
1193 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1194 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1197 foreach my $data (@data) {
1198 $data = ref $data ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args
1200 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
1201 $placeholder_index++;
1205 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1206 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1207 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1209 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1211 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1216 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_)
1220 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1222 my $ident = $source->from;
1223 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1225 $self->ensure_connected;
1226 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1227 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1228 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1230 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1231 $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch( 'nextval', $col_info->{sequence} || $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->dbh, $source) );
1236 $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert);
1241 ## Still not quite perfect, and EXPERIMENTAL
1242 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1243 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1244 ## only prepped once.
1246 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1248 my $table = $source->from;
1249 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1250 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->insert($table, \%colvalues);
1252 $self->_query_start( $sql, @bind );
1253 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1255 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1257 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1259 my $tuple_status = [];
1262 ##print STDERR Dumper( $data, $sql, [@bind] );
1266 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1267 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1269 ## Bind the values and execute
1270 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1272 foreach my $bound (@bind) {
1274 my $attributes = {};
1275 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1277 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1278 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1279 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1282 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1284 $sth->bind_param_array( $placeholder_index, [@data], $attributes );
1285 $placeholder_index++;
1287 my $rv = $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1288 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1290 $self->_query_end( $sql, @bind );
1291 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1295 my $self = shift @_;
1296 my $source = shift @_;
1297 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1299 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, @_);
1304 my $self = shift @_;
1305 my $source = shift @_;
1307 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## If ever it's needed...
1309 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @_);
1313 my ($self, $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1314 my $order = $attrs->{order_by};
1316 if (ref $condition eq 'SCALAR') {
1317 my $unwrap = ${$condition};
1318 if ($unwrap =~ s/ORDER BY (.*)$//i) {
1320 $condition = \$unwrap;
1324 my $for = delete $attrs->{for};
1325 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1326 local $sql_maker->{for} = $for;
1328 if (exists $attrs->{group_by} || $attrs->{having}) {
1330 group_by => $attrs->{group_by},
1331 having => $attrs->{having},
1332 ($order ? (order_by => $order) : ())
1335 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## Future support
1336 my @args = ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $condition, $order);
1337 if ($attrs->{software_limit} ||
1338 $self->sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ") {
1339 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1341 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1342 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1344 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
1345 $attrs->{rows} = 2**48 if not defined $attrs->{rows} and defined $attrs->{offset};
1346 push @args, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1349 return $self->_execute(@args);
1352 sub source_bind_attributes {
1353 my ($self, $source) = @_;
1355 my $bind_attributes;
1356 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
1358 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
1359 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
1363 return $bind_attributes;
1370 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
1374 Handle a SQL select statement.
1380 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1381 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
1386 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
1387 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1388 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
1389 if(@row && @nextrow) {
1390 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
1392 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
1401 =item Arguments: $sql
1405 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
1410 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1412 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1413 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1414 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1415 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1417 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1418 # but apparently that's not true :(
1419 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
1425 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
1426 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql);
1429 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
1430 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
1432 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
1435 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
1436 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
1438 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
1440 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
1441 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
1442 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
1443 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
1444 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
1445 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
1447 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
1450 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
1454 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
1456 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
1457 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
1459 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
1460 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
1461 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
1463 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
1464 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
1465 $column_info{size} = $2;
1468 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
1472 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
1473 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
1474 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
1476 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
1477 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
1478 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
1479 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
1486 sub columns_info_for {
1487 my ($self, $table) = @_;
1488 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_columns_info_for', $table);
1491 =head2 last_insert_id
1493 Return the row id of the last insert.
1497 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
1498 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
1499 # XXX This is a SQLite-ism as a default... is there a DBI-generic way?
1500 $dbh->func('last_insert_rowid');
1503 sub last_insert_id {
1505 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_last_insert_id', @_);
1510 Returns the database driver name.
1514 sub sqlt_type { shift->dbh->{Driver}->{Name} }
1516 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
1518 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
1519 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
1520 let the database planner just handle it.
1522 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
1526 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
1530 =head2 create_ddl_dir
1534 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
1538 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
1539 database types, in the given directory.
1541 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
1543 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
1545 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
1546 hashref like the following
1548 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
1552 sub create_ddl_dir {
1553 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
1555 if(!$dir || !-d $dir) {
1556 warn "No directory given, using ./\n";
1559 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
1560 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
1562 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
1563 $version ||= $schema_version;
1566 add_drop_table => 1,
1567 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
1568 ignore_index_names => 1,
1572 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't create a ddl file without SQL::Translator 0.09: '}
1573 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1574 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1576 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
1578 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
1579 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema }) or die $sqlt->error;
1581 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
1583 $sqlt = $self->configure_sqlt($sqlt, $db);
1584 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
1585 $sqlt->producer($db);
1588 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
1589 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
1590 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
1591 warn "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
1595 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
1597 warn("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
1600 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
1601 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
1604 print $file $output;
1607 next unless ($preversion);
1609 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
1611 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
1612 if(!-e $prefilename) {
1613 warn("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
1617 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
1619 warn("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
1625 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1628 $t->parser( $db ) or die $t->error;
1629 $t = $self->configure_sqlt($t, $db);
1630 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename ) or die $t->error;
1631 $source_schema = $t->schema;
1632 unless ( $source_schema->name ) {
1633 $source_schema->name( $prefilename );
1637 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
1638 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
1639 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
1640 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
1642 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
1643 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1646 $t->parser( $db ) or die $t->error;
1647 $t = $self->configure_sqlt($t, $db);
1648 my $out = $t->translate( $filename ) or die $t->error;
1649 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
1650 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
1651 unless $dest_schema->name;
1654 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
1658 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
1659 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
1667 sub configure_sqlt() {
1670 my $db = shift || $self->sqlt_type;
1671 if ($db eq 'PostgreSQL') {
1672 $tr->quote_table_names(0);
1673 $tr->quote_field_names(0);
1678 =head2 deployment_statements
1682 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
1686 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
1687 The database driver name is given by C<$type>, though the value from
1688 L</sqlt_type> is used if it is not specified.
1690 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
1691 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
1692 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
1694 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
1695 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
1697 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
1701 sub deployment_statements {
1702 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
1703 # Need to be connected to get the correct sqlt_type
1704 $self->ensure_connected() unless $type;
1705 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
1706 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
1708 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $dir, $version);
1712 open($file, "<$filename")
1713 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
1716 return join('', @rows);
1719 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't deploy without SQL::Translator 0.09: '}
1720 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1721 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1723 require SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class;
1724 eval qq{use SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}};
1725 $self->throw_exception($@) if $@;
1727 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
1729 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
1730 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
1732 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(%$sqltargs);
1733 SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class::parse( $tr, $schema );
1734 return "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}"->can('produce')->($tr);
1738 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
1739 foreach my $statement ( $self->deployment_statements($schema, $type, undef, $dir, { no_comments => 1, %{ $sqltargs || {} } } ) ) {
1740 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statement)) {
1741 next if($line =~ /^--/);
1743 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
1744 next if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
1745 next if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
1746 next if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
1747 $self->_query_start($line);
1749 $self->dbh->do($line); # shouldn't be using ->dbh ?
1752 warn qq{$@ (running "${line}")};
1754 $self->_query_end($line);
1759 =head2 datetime_parser
1761 Returns the datetime parser class
1765 sub datetime_parser {
1767 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
1768 $self->ensure_connected;
1769 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
1773 =head2 datetime_parser_type
1775 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
1776 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
1780 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
1782 =head2 build_datetime_parser
1784 See L</datetime_parser>
1788 sub build_datetime_parser {
1790 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
1792 $self->throw_exception("Couldn't load ${type}: $@") if $@;
1797 my $_check_sqlt_version; # private
1798 my $_check_sqlt_message; # private
1799 sub _check_sqlt_version {
1800 return $_check_sqlt_version if defined $_check_sqlt_version;
1801 eval 'use SQL::Translator "0.09"';
1802 $_check_sqlt_message = $@ || '';
1803 $_check_sqlt_version = !$@;
1806 sub _check_sqlt_message {
1807 _check_sqlt_version if !defined $_check_sqlt_message;
1808 $_check_sqlt_message;
1812 =head2 is_replicating
1814 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
1815 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
1816 returned by databases that don't support replication.
1820 sub is_replicating {
1825 =head2 lag_behind_master
1827 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
1828 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
1829 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
1833 sub lag_behind_master {
1839 return if !$self->_dbh;
1848 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
1850 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
1851 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
1852 combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
1854 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
1855 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
1856 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
1857 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
1858 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
1859 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
1860 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
1866 The module defines a set of methods within the DBIC::SQL::Abstract
1867 namespace. These build on L<SQL::Abstract::Limit> to provide the
1868 SQL query functions.
1870 The following methods are extended:-
1884 See L</connect_info> for details.
1888 See L</connect_info> for details.
1892 See L</connect_info> for details.
1898 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
1900 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
1904 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.