1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base 'DBIx::Class::Storage';
10 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
13 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
17 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
18 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts _conn_pid
19 _conn_tid transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit _driver_determined savepoints/
22 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
23 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
24 my @storage_options = qw/
25 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
26 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
28 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
31 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
32 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
34 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/sql_maker_class/);
35 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLAHacks');
40 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
44 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
46 $schema->storage->debug(1);
47 $schema->dbh_do("DROP TABLE authors");
49 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
50 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser(DateTime->now)
55 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
56 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
57 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
64 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
66 $new->transaction_depth(0);
67 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
68 $new->{savepoints} = [];
69 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
77 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
78 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
80 The argument list may contain:
86 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
87 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
88 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
89 recognized by DBIx::Class:
91 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
95 A single code reference which returns a connected
96 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
97 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
100 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
104 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
107 $connect_info_args = [{
115 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
116 following config (L<Config::General> style):
121 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
130 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
131 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
132 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
133 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
134 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
135 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
137 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
139 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
140 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
141 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
142 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a seperate hashref
143 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
145 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
146 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
147 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
154 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
155 the database. Its value may contain:
161 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
163 =item an array reference
165 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
166 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
168 =item a code reference
170 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
171 array reference, its return value is ignored.
175 =item on_disconnect_do
177 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
178 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
180 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
183 =item on_connect_call
185 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
186 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
188 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
192 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
194 Its values may contain:
200 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
202 =item a code reference
204 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
206 =item an array reference
208 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
210 =item an array of arrays
212 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
213 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
217 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
223 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
224 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
232 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
236 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
237 attributes hashref and bind values.
239 =item a code reference
241 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
248 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
249 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
250 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
252 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
253 implementation details.
257 =item on_disconnect_call
259 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
260 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
262 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
263 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
265 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
268 =item disable_sth_caching
270 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
271 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
275 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
276 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
277 driver alone. See also L<SQL::Abstract::Limit>.
281 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
282 you use this you will want to specify L</name_sep> as well.
284 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
285 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
286 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
288 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
289 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
293 This only needs to be used in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
294 specify the charecter that seperates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
295 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
297 The consequences of not supplying this value is that L<SQL::Abstract>
298 will assume DBIx::Class' uses of aliases to be complete column
299 names. The output will look like I<"me.name"> when it should actually
304 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
305 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
306 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
307 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
309 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
310 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
311 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
312 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
314 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
315 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
316 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
320 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
321 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
322 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
326 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
327 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
331 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
332 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
334 # Simple SQLite connection
335 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
338 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
340 # A bit more complicated
347 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
351 # Equivalent to the previous example
357 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
361 # Same, but with hashref as argument
362 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
365 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
367 password => 'my_pg_password',
374 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
377 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
381 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
382 disable_sth_caching => 1,
392 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
394 return $self->_connect_info if !$info_arg;
396 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
397 $self->_connect_info([@args]); # copy for _connect_info
400 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
403 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
404 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
407 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
408 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
410 for (qw/password user dsn/) {
411 unshift @args, delete $attrs{$_};
414 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
416 % { $args[3] || {} },
417 % { $args[4] || {} },
419 @args = @args[0,1,2];
422 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
423 # the new set of options
424 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
425 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
428 for my $storage_opt (@storage_options, 'cursor_class') { # @storage_options is declared at the top of the module
429 if(my $value = delete $attrs{$storage_opt}) {
430 $self->$storage_opt($value);
433 for my $sql_maker_opt (qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/) {
434 if(my $opt_val = delete $attrs{$sql_maker_opt}) {
435 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $opt_val;
440 %attrs = () if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE'); # _connect() never looks past $args[0] in this case
442 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args, keys %attrs ? \%attrs : ()]);
443 $self->_connect_info;
448 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
452 =head2 on_disconnect_do
454 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
458 sub _parse_connect_do {
459 my ($self, $type) = @_;
461 my $val = $self->$type;
462 return () if not defined $val;
467 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
468 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
470 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
471 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
473 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
481 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
483 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
484 connection management.
486 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
487 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
488 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
490 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
491 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
493 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
494 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
495 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
499 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
501 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
502 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
503 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
514 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
516 return $self->$code($dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
517 || $self->{transaction_depth};
519 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
522 my $want_array = wantarray;
525 $self->_verify_pid if $dbh;
527 $self->_populate_dbh;
532 @result = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
534 elsif(defined $want_array) {
535 $result[0] = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
538 $self->$code($dbh, @_);
543 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
545 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
547 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
548 # exception fall right through this time
549 $self->_populate_dbh;
550 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @_);
553 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
554 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
555 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
560 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
561 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
563 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
565 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
568 my $want_array = wantarray;
573 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
574 $self->_populate_dbh if !$self->_dbh;
578 @result = $coderef->(@_);
580 elsif(defined $want_array) {
581 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
590 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
592 if($tried++ > 0 || $self->connected) {
593 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
594 my $rollback_exception = $@;
595 if($rollback_exception) {
596 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
597 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
598 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
600 $self->throw_exception(
601 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
602 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
605 $self->throw_exception($exception)
608 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
610 $self->_populate_dbh;
616 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
617 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
624 if( $self->connected ) {
627 push @actions, ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () );
628 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do');
630 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
632 $self->_dbh->rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
633 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
639 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
643 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
645 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
649 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
650 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
654 # Storage subclasses should override this
655 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
656 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
664 if(my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
665 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
672 return 0 if !$self->_dbh;
674 return ($dbh->FETCH('Active') && $self->_ping);
683 my $dbh = $self->_dbh or return 0;
688 # handle pid changes correctly
689 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
693 return if defined $self->_conn_pid && $self->_conn_pid == $$;
695 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
702 sub ensure_connected {
705 unless ($self->connected) {
706 $self->_populate_dbh;
712 Returns the dbh - a data base handle of class L<DBI>.
719 $self->ensure_connected;
723 sub _sql_maker_args {
726 return ( bindtype=>'columns', array_datatypes => 1, limit_dialect => $self->dbh, %{$self->_sql_maker_opts} );
731 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
732 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
733 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($sql_maker_class);
734 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
736 return $self->_sql_maker;
743 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
744 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
746 $self->_conn_pid($$);
747 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
749 $self->_determine_driver;
751 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
752 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
753 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
757 push @actions, ( $self->on_connect_call || () );
758 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do');
760 $self->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
763 sub _determine_driver {
766 if (not $self->_driver_determined) {
767 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
770 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
771 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
773 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
774 # force a connection in _rebless to determine version
775 ($driver) = $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] =~ /dbi:([^:]+):/i;
778 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
779 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
780 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3');
781 bless $self, $storage_class;
786 $self->_driver_determined(1);
790 sub _do_connection_actions {
792 my $method_prefix = shift;
795 if (not ref($call)) {
796 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
798 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
800 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
801 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
802 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
804 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
807 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
813 sub connect_call_do_sql {
815 $self->_do_query(@_);
818 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
820 $self->_do_query(@_);
823 # override in db-specific backend when necessary
824 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
827 my ($self, $action) = @_;
829 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
830 $action = $action->($self);
831 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
834 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
835 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
836 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
837 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
838 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
839 my $sql = shift @do_args;
840 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
841 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
843 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
844 $self->_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
845 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
852 my ($self, @info) = @_;
854 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
857 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
859 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
860 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
861 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
865 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
869 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
872 if($dbh && !$self->unsafe) {
873 my $weak_self = $self;
874 Scalar::Util::weaken($weak_self);
875 $dbh->{HandleError} = sub {
877 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
880 croak ("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
883 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
884 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
885 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
889 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
891 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
894 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
900 my ($self, $name) = @_;
902 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
903 unless defined $name;
905 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
906 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
908 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
909 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
911 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
913 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
915 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
919 my ($self, $name) = @_;
921 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
922 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
924 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
925 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
928 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
929 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
931 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
932 # the stack up to date.
935 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
937 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
940 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
942 return $self->_svp_release($name);
946 my ($self, $name) = @_;
948 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
949 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
951 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
952 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
955 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
956 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
957 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
960 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
961 # the stack up to date.
962 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
963 last if($s eq $name);
965 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
966 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
967 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
969 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
970 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
973 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
975 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
978 sub _svp_generate_name {
981 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
986 $self->ensure_connected();
987 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
988 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
990 # this isn't ->_dbh-> because
991 # we should reconnect on begin_work
992 # for AutoCommit users
993 $self->dbh->begin_work;
994 } elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
997 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1002 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1003 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1004 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1007 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1008 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1010 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1011 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1013 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1019 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1021 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1022 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1024 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1025 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1028 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1029 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1030 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1031 $self->svp_rollback;
1036 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1041 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1042 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
1043 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1044 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1045 $self->throw_exception($error);
1049 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1050 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1051 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1052 sub _prep_for_execute {
1053 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1055 if( Scalar::Util::blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1056 $ident = $ident->from();
1059 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1062 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1064 return ($sql, \@bind);
1068 sub _fix_bind_params {
1069 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1071 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1072 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1074 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1077 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1078 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1085 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1087 if ( $self->debug ) {
1088 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1090 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1095 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1097 if ( $self->debug ) {
1098 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1099 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1104 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1106 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1108 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1110 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1112 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1114 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1115 my $attributes = {};
1116 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1118 if ($bind_attributes) {
1119 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1120 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1123 foreach my $data (@data) {
1124 my $ref = ref $data;
1125 $data = $ref && $ref ne 'ARRAY' ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args (except arrayrefs)
1127 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
1128 $placeholder_index++;
1132 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1133 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1134 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1136 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1138 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1143 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_)
1147 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1149 # redispatch to insert method of storage we reblessed into, if necessary
1150 if (not $self->_driver_determined) {
1151 $self->_determine_driver;
1152 goto $self->can('insert');
1155 my $ident = $source->from;
1156 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1158 my $updated_cols = {};
1160 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1161 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1162 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1164 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1165 $updated_cols->{$col} = $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch( 'nextval', $col_info->{sequence} || $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->dbh, $source) );
1170 $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert);
1172 return $updated_cols;
1175 ## Still not quite perfect, and EXPERIMENTAL
1176 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1177 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1178 ## only prepped once.
1180 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1182 my $table = $source->from;
1183 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1184 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->insert($table, \%colvalues);
1186 $self->_query_start( $sql, @bind );
1187 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1189 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1191 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1192 my $tuple_status = [];
1194 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1195 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1197 ## Bind the values and execute
1198 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1200 foreach my $bound (@bind) {
1202 my $attributes = {};
1203 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1205 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1206 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1207 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1210 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1212 $sth->bind_param_array( $placeholder_index, [@data], $attributes );
1213 $placeholder_index++;
1215 my $rv = eval { $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status}) };
1218 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
1220 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr || "Unexpected populate error: $err")
1221 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
1223 require Data::Dumper;
1224 local $Data::Dumper::Terse = 1;
1225 local $Data::Dumper::Indent = 1;
1226 local $Data::Dumper::Useqq = 1;
1227 local $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys = 0;
1229 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for populate slice:\n%s",
1230 $tuple_status->[$i][1],
1231 Data::Dumper::Dumper(
1232 { map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols) }
1236 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1238 $self->_query_end( $sql, @bind );
1239 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1243 my $self = shift @_;
1244 my $source = shift @_;
1245 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1247 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, @_);
1252 my $self = shift @_;
1253 my $source = shift @_;
1255 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1257 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @_);
1260 # We were sent here because the $rs contains a complex search
1261 # which will require a subquery to select the correct rows
1262 # (i.e. joined or limited resultsets)
1264 # Genarating a single PK column subquery is trivial and supported
1265 # by all RDBMS. However if we have a multicolumn PK, things get ugly.
1266 # Look at _multipk_update_delete()
1267 sub _subq_update_delete {
1269 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1271 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1273 # we already check this, but double check naively just in case. Should be removed soon
1274 my $sel = $rs->_resolved_attrs->{select};
1275 $sel = [ $sel ] unless ref $sel eq 'ARRAY';
1276 my @pcols = $rsrc->primary_columns;
1277 if (@$sel != @pcols) {
1278 $self->throw_exception (
1279 'Subquery update/delete can not be called on resultsets selecting a'
1280 .' number of columns different than the number of primary keys'
1287 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1288 { $pcols[0] => { -in => $rs->as_query } },
1293 return $self->_multipk_update_delete (@_);
1297 # ANSI SQL does not provide a reliable way to perform a multicol-PK
1298 # resultset update/delete involving subqueries. So by default resort
1299 # to simple (and inefficient) delete_all style per-row opearations,
1300 # while allowing specific storages to override this with a faster
1303 sub _multipk_update_delete {
1304 return shift->_per_row_update_delete (@_);
1307 # This is the default loop used to delete/update rows for multi PK
1308 # resultsets, and used by mysql exclusively (because it can't do anything
1311 # We do not use $row->$op style queries, because resultset update/delete
1312 # is not expected to cascade (this is what delete_all/update_all is for).
1314 # There should be no race conditions as the entire operation is rolled
1317 sub _per_row_update_delete {
1319 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1321 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1322 my @pcols = $rsrc->primary_columns;
1324 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1326 # emulate the return value of $sth->execute for non-selects
1327 my $row_cnt = '0E0';
1329 my $subrs_cur = $rs->cursor;
1330 while (my @pks = $subrs_cur->next) {
1333 for my $i (0.. $#pcols) {
1334 $cond->{$pcols[$i]} = $pks[$i];
1339 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1354 # localization is neccessary as
1355 # 1) there is no infrastructure to pass this around before SQLA2
1356 # 2) _select_args sets it and _prep_for_execute consumes it
1357 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1358 local $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs};
1360 return $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
1363 sub _select_args_to_query {
1366 # localization is neccessary as
1367 # 1) there is no infrastructure to pass this around before SQLA2
1368 # 2) _select_args sets it and _prep_for_execute consumes it
1369 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1370 local $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs};
1372 # my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $cond, $order, $rows, $offset)
1373 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
1374 my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, @args) =
1375 $self->_select_args(@_);
1377 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $order, $rows, $offset ]);
1378 my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, \@args);
1379 $prepared_bind ||= [];
1382 ? ($sql, $prepared_bind, $bind_attrs)
1383 : \[ "($sql)", @$prepared_bind ]
1388 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $attrs) = @_;
1390 my ($alias2source, $rs_alias) = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
1392 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1393 $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs} = {
1399 ? ( _source_handle => $alias2source->{$rs_alias}->handle )
1404 # calculate bind_attrs before possible $ident mangling
1405 my $bind_attrs = {};
1406 for my $alias (keys %$alias2source) {
1407 my $bindtypes = $self->source_bind_attributes ($alias2source->{$alias}) || {};
1408 for my $col (keys %$bindtypes) {
1410 my $fqcn = join ('.', $alias, $col);
1411 $bind_attrs->{$fqcn} = $bindtypes->{$col} if $bindtypes->{$col};
1413 # so that unqualified searches can be bound too
1414 $bind_attrs->{$col} = $bind_attrs->{$fqcn} if $alias eq $rs_alias;
1420 $attrs->{software_limit}
1422 $sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ"
1424 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1427 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1428 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1430 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
1431 $attrs->{rows} = 2**48 if not defined $attrs->{rows} and defined $attrs->{offset};
1436 # see if we need to tear the prefetch apart (either limited has_many or grouped prefetch)
1437 # otherwise delegate the limiting to the storage, unless software limit was requested
1439 ( $attrs->{rows} && keys %{$attrs->{collapse}} )
1441 ( $attrs->{group_by} && @{$attrs->{group_by}} &&
1442 $attrs->{prefetch_select} && @{$attrs->{prefetch_select}} )
1444 ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs)
1445 = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
1447 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
1448 push @limit, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1452 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $where
1453 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
1454 # expect a row object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
1455 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
1457 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
1458 # invoked, and that's just bad...
1462 { $attrs->{$_} ? ( $_ => $attrs->{$_} ) : () }
1463 (qw/order_by group_by having/ )
1466 return ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $where, $order, @limit);
1470 # This is the code producing joined subqueries like:
1471 # SELECT me.*, other.* FROM ( SELECT me.* FROM ... ) JOIN other ON ...
1473 sub _adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch {
1474 my ($self, $from, $select, $where, $attrs) = @_;
1476 $self->throw_exception ('Complex prefetches are not supported on resultsets with a custom from attribute')
1477 if (ref $from ne 'ARRAY');
1479 # copies for mangling
1481 $select = [ @$select ];
1482 $attrs = { %$attrs };
1484 # separate attributes
1485 my $sub_attrs = { %$attrs };
1486 delete $attrs->{$_} for qw/where bind rows offset group_by having/;
1487 delete $sub_attrs->{$_} for qw/for collapse prefetch_select _collapse_order_by select as/;
1489 my $alias = $attrs->{alias};
1490 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1492 # create subquery select list - consider only stuff *not* brought in by the prefetch
1493 my $sub_select = [];
1494 for my $i (0 .. @{$attrs->{select}} - @{$attrs->{prefetch_select}} - 1) {
1495 my $sel = $attrs->{select}[$i];
1497 # alias any functions to the dbic-side 'as' label
1498 # adjust the outer select accordingly
1499 if (ref $sel eq 'HASH' && !$sel->{-select}) {
1500 $sel = { -select => $sel, -as => $attrs->{as}[$i] };
1501 $select->[$i] = join ('.', $attrs->{alias}, ($attrs->{as}[$i] || "select_$i") );
1504 push @$sub_select, $sel;
1507 # bring over all non-collapse-induced order_by into the inner query (if any)
1508 # the outer one will have to keep them all
1509 delete $sub_attrs->{order_by};
1510 if (my $ord_cnt = @{$attrs->{order_by}} - @{$attrs->{_collapse_order_by}} ) {
1511 $sub_attrs->{order_by} = [
1512 @{$attrs->{order_by}}[ 0 .. $ord_cnt - 1]
1517 my $join_root = shift @$from;
1518 my @outer_from = @$from;
1521 my %join_info = map { $_->[0]{-alias} => $_->[0] } (@$from);
1523 # in complex search_related chains $alias may *not* be 'me'
1524 # so always include it in the inner join, and also shift away
1525 # from the outer stack, so that the two datasets actually do
1527 if ($join_root->{-alias} ne $alias) {
1528 $inner_joins{$alias} = 1;
1530 while (@outer_from && $outer_from[0][0]{-alias} ne $alias) {
1533 if (! @outer_from) {
1534 $self->throw_exception ("Unable to find '$alias' in the {from} stack, something is wrong");
1537 shift @outer_from; # the new subquery will represent this alias, so get rid of it
1541 # decide which parts of the join will remain on the inside
1543 # this is not a very viable optimisation, but it was written
1544 # before I realised this, so might as well remain. We can throw
1545 # away _any_ branches of the join tree that are:
1546 # 1) not mentioned in the condition/order
1547 # 2) left-join leaves (or left-join leaf chains)
1548 # Most of the join conditions will not satisfy this, but for real
1549 # complex queries some might, and we might make some RDBMS happy.
1552 # since we do not have introspectable SQLA, we fall back to ugly
1553 # scanning of raw SQL for WHERE, and for pieces of ORDER BY
1554 # in order to determine what goes into %inner_joins
1555 # It may not be very efficient, but it's a reasonable stop-gap
1557 # produce stuff unquoted, so it can be scanned
1558 local $sql_maker->{quote_char};
1559 my $sep = $self->_sql_maker_opts->{name_sep} || '.';
1563 { ref $_ ? $_->[0] : $_ }
1564 $sql_maker->_order_by_chunks ($sub_attrs->{order_by})
1567 my $where_sql = $sql_maker->where ($where);
1568 my $select_sql = $sql_maker->_recurse_fields ($sub_select);
1571 for my $alias (keys %join_info) {
1573 # any table alias found on a column name in where or order_by
1574 # gets included in %inner_joins
1575 # Also any parent joins that are needed to reach this particular alias
1576 for my $piece ($select_sql, $where_sql, @order_by ) {
1577 if ($piece =~ /\b $alias $sep/x) {
1578 $inner_joins{$alias} = 1;
1584 # scan for non-leaf/non-left joins and mark as needed
1585 # also mark all ancestor joins that are needed to reach this particular alias
1586 # (e.g. join => { cds => 'tracks' } - tracks will bring cds too )
1588 # traverse by the size of the -join_path i.e. reverse depth first
1589 for my $alias (sort { @{$join_info{$b}{-join_path}} <=> @{$join_info{$a}{-join_path}} } (keys %join_info) ) {
1591 my $j = $join_info{$alias};
1592 $inner_joins{$alias} = 1 if (! $j->{-join_type} || ($j->{-join_type} !~ /^left$/i) );
1594 if ($inner_joins{$alias}) {
1595 $inner_joins{$_} = 1 for (@{$j->{-join_path}});
1599 # construct the inner $from for the subquery
1600 my $inner_from = [ $join_root ];
1601 for my $j (@$from) {
1602 push @$inner_from, $j if $inner_joins{$j->[0]{-alias}};
1605 # if a multi-type join was needed in the subquery ("multi" is indicated by
1606 # presence in {collapse}) - add a group_by to simulate the collapse in the subq
1607 for my $alias (keys %inner_joins) {
1609 # the dot comes from some weirdness in collapse
1610 # remove after the rewrite
1611 if ($attrs->{collapse}{".$alias"}) {
1612 $sub_attrs->{group_by} ||= $sub_select;
1617 # generate the subquery
1618 my $subq = $self->_select_args_to_query (
1625 # put it in the new {from}
1626 unshift @outer_from, {
1628 -source_handle => $join_root->{-source_handle},
1632 # This is totally horrific - the $where ends up in both the inner and outer query
1633 # Unfortunately not much can be done until SQLA2 introspection arrives, and even
1634 # then if where conditions apply to the *right* side of the prefetch, you may have
1635 # to both filter the inner select (e.g. to apply a limit) and then have to re-filter
1636 # the outer select to exclude joins you didin't want in the first place
1638 # OTOH it can be seen as a plus: <ash> (notes that this query would make a DBA cry ;)
1639 return (\@outer_from, $select, $where, $attrs);
1642 sub _resolve_ident_sources {
1643 my ($self, $ident) = @_;
1645 my $alias2source = {};
1648 # the reason this is so contrived is that $ident may be a {from}
1649 # structure, specifying multiple tables to join
1650 if ( Scalar::Util::blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1651 # this is compat mode for insert/update/delete which do not deal with aliases
1652 $alias2source->{me} = $ident;
1655 elsif (ref $ident eq 'ARRAY') {
1659 if (ref $_ eq 'HASH') {
1661 $rs_alias = $tabinfo->{-alias};
1663 if (ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' and ref $_->[0] eq 'HASH') {
1667 $alias2source->{$tabinfo->{-alias}} = $tabinfo->{-source_handle}->resolve
1668 if ($tabinfo->{-source_handle});
1672 return ($alias2source, $rs_alias);
1675 # Takes $ident, \@column_names
1677 # returns { $column_name => \%column_info, ... }
1678 # also note: this adds -result_source => $rsrc to the column info
1681 # my $col_sources = $self->_resolve_column_info($ident, [map $_->[0], @{$bind}]);
1682 sub _resolve_column_info {
1683 my ($self, $ident, $colnames) = @_;
1684 my ($alias2src, $root_alias) = $self->_resolve_ident_sources($ident);
1686 my $sep = $self->_sql_maker_opts->{name_sep} || '.';
1689 my (%return, %converted);
1691 if (not $colnames) {
1694 my $source = $alias2src->{$alias};
1695 map "${alias}${sep}$_", $source->columns
1696 } keys %$alias2src ];
1698 # also add unqualified columns for 'me' table
1699 push @$colnames, $alias2src->{$root_alias}->columns;
1702 foreach my $col (@$colnames) {
1703 my ($alias, $colname) = $col =~ m/^ (?: ([^$sep]+) $sep)? (.+) $/x;
1705 # deal with unqualified cols - we assume the main alias for all
1706 # unqualified ones, ugly but can't think of anything better right now
1707 $alias ||= $root_alias;
1709 my $rsrc = $alias2src->{$alias};
1710 $return{$col} = $rsrc && { %{$rsrc->column_info($colname)}, -result_source => $rsrc };
1715 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
1716 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
1717 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
1718 # sense as a performance optimization
1720 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
1721 return { count => '*' };
1724 # Returns a SELECT which will end up in the subselect
1725 # There may or may not be a group_by, as the subquery
1726 # might have been called to accomodate a limit
1728 # Most databases would be happy with whatever ends up
1729 # here, but some choke in various ways.
1731 sub _subq_count_select {
1732 my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
1733 return $rs_attrs->{group_by} if $rs_attrs->{group_by};
1735 my @pcols = map { join '.', $rs_attrs->{alias}, $_ } ($source->primary_columns);
1736 return @pcols ? \@pcols : [ 1 ];
1740 sub source_bind_attributes {
1741 my ($self, $source) = @_;
1743 my $bind_attributes;
1744 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
1746 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
1747 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
1751 return $bind_attributes;
1758 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
1762 Handle a SQL select statement.
1768 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1769 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
1774 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
1775 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1776 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
1777 if(@row && @nextrow) {
1778 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
1780 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
1789 =item Arguments: $sql
1793 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
1798 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1800 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1801 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1802 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1803 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1805 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1806 # but apparently that's not true :(
1807 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
1813 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
1814 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql);
1817 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
1818 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
1820 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
1823 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
1824 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
1826 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
1828 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
1829 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
1830 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
1831 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
1832 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
1833 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
1835 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
1838 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
1842 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
1844 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
1845 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
1847 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
1848 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
1849 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
1851 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
1852 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
1853 $column_info{size} = $2;
1856 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
1860 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
1861 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
1862 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
1864 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
1865 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
1866 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
1867 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
1874 sub columns_info_for {
1875 my ($self, $table) = @_;
1876 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_columns_info_for', $table);
1879 =head2 last_insert_id
1881 Return the row id of the last insert.
1885 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
1886 # All Storage's need to register their own _dbh_last_insert_id
1887 # the old SQLite-based method was highly inappropriate
1890 my $class = ref $self;
1891 $self->throw_exception (<<EOE);
1893 No _dbh_last_insert_id() method found in $class.
1894 Since the method of obtaining the autoincrement id of the last insert
1895 operation varies greatly between different databases, this method must be
1896 individually implemented for every storage class.
1900 sub last_insert_id {
1902 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_last_insert_id', @_);
1907 Returns the database driver name.
1911 sub sqlt_type { shift->dbh->{Driver}->{Name} }
1913 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
1915 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
1916 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
1917 let the database planner just handle it.
1919 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
1923 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
1927 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
1929 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
1930 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
1931 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
1932 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
1933 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
1937 sub is_datatype_numeric {
1938 my ($self, $dt) = @_;
1940 return 0 unless $dt;
1942 return $dt =~ /^ (?:
1943 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
1948 =head2 create_ddl_dir (EXPERIMENTAL)
1952 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
1956 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
1957 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
1958 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
1960 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
1961 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
1962 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
1963 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
1965 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
1966 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
1967 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
1968 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
1970 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
1971 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
1972 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
1973 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_table_names> and
1974 C<quote_field_names>.
1976 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
1980 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
1982 =item version - $schema->schema_version
1984 =item directory - './'
1986 =item preversion - <none>
1990 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
1992 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
1994 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
1995 hashref like the following
1997 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2000 Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly
2001 across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships.
2003 WARNING: Please check all SQL files created, before applying them.
2007 sub create_ddl_dir {
2008 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
2010 if(!$dir || !-d $dir) {
2011 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
2014 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
2015 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
2017 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2018 $version ||= $schema_version;
2021 add_drop_table => 1,
2022 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
2023 ignore_index_names => 1,
2027 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't create a ddl file without SQL::Translator 0.09003: '}
2028 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
2029 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
2031 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
2033 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
2034 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
2035 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
2037 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
2039 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
2040 $sqlt->producer($db);
2043 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
2044 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
2045 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
2046 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
2050 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
2052 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
2055 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
2056 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
2059 print $file $output;
2062 next unless ($preversion);
2064 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
2066 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
2067 if(!-e $prefilename) {
2068 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
2072 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
2074 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
2080 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2085 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2087 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
2088 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2090 $source_schema = $t->schema;
2092 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
2093 unless ( $source_schema->name );
2096 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
2097 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
2098 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
2099 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
2101 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
2102 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2107 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2109 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
2110 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2112 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
2114 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
2115 unless $dest_schema->name;
2118 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
2122 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
2123 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
2131 =head2 deployment_statements
2135 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
2139 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
2141 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
2142 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
2144 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
2145 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
2146 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
2148 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
2149 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
2151 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
2155 sub deployment_statements {
2156 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
2157 # Need to be connected to get the correct sqlt_type
2158 $self->ensure_connected() unless $type;
2159 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
2160 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2162 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
2166 open($file, "<$filename")
2167 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
2170 return join('', @rows);
2173 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't deploy without SQL::Translator 0.09003: '}
2174 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
2175 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
2177 require SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class;
2178 eval qq{use SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}};
2179 $self->throw_exception($@) if $@;
2181 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
2183 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
2184 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
2186 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(%$sqltargs);
2187 SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class::parse( $tr, $schema );
2188 return "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}"->can('produce')->($tr);
2192 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
2195 return if($line =~ /^--/);
2197 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
2198 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
2199 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
2200 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
2201 $self->_query_start($line);
2203 $self->dbh->do($line); # shouldn't be using ->dbh ?
2206 carp qq{$@ (running "${line}")};
2208 $self->_query_end($line);
2210 my @statements = $self->deployment_statements($schema, $type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
2211 if (@statements > 1) {
2212 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
2213 $deploy->( $statement );
2216 elsif (@statements == 1) {
2217 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
2223 =head2 datetime_parser
2225 Returns the datetime parser class
2229 sub datetime_parser {
2231 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
2232 $self->ensure_connected;
2233 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
2237 =head2 datetime_parser_type
2239 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
2240 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
2244 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
2246 =head2 build_datetime_parser
2248 See L</datetime_parser>
2252 sub build_datetime_parser {
2254 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
2256 $self->throw_exception("Couldn't load ${type}: $@") if $@;
2261 my $_check_sqlt_version; # private
2262 my $_check_sqlt_message; # private
2263 sub _check_sqlt_version {
2264 return $_check_sqlt_version if defined $_check_sqlt_version;
2265 eval 'use SQL::Translator "0.09003"';
2266 $_check_sqlt_message = $@ || '';
2267 $_check_sqlt_version = !$@;
2270 sub _check_sqlt_message {
2271 _check_sqlt_version if !defined $_check_sqlt_message;
2272 $_check_sqlt_message;
2276 =head2 is_replicating
2278 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
2279 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
2280 returned by databases that don't support replication.
2284 sub is_replicating {
2289 =head2 lag_behind_master
2291 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
2292 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
2293 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
2297 sub lag_behind_master {
2303 return if !$self->_dbh;
2312 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
2314 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
2315 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
2316 combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
2318 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
2319 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
2320 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
2321 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
2322 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
2323 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
2324 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
2331 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2333 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2337 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.