1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
4 use base 'DBIx::Class::Storage';
9 use SQL::Abstract::Limit;
10 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
11 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
13 use Scalar::Util 'blessed';
15 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
16 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts
17 _conn_pid _conn_tid disable_sth_caching cursor on_connect_do
23 package DBIC::SQL::Abstract; # Would merge upstream, but nate doesn't reply :(
25 use base qw/SQL::Abstract::Limit/;
27 # This prevents the caching of $dbh in S::A::L, I believe
29 my $self = shift->SUPER::new(@_);
31 # If limit_dialect is a ref (like a $dbh), go ahead and replace
32 # it with what it resolves to:
33 $self->{limit_dialect} = $self->_find_syntax($self->{limit_dialect})
34 if ref $self->{limit_dialect};
40 my ($self, $sql, $order, $rows, $offset ) = @_;
43 my $last = $rows + $offset;
44 my ( $order_by ) = $self->_order_by( $order );
49 SELECT Q1.*, ROW_NUMBER() OVER( ) AS ROW_NUM FROM (
54 WHERE ROW_NUM BETWEEN $offset AND $last
60 # While we're at it, this should make LIMIT queries more efficient,
61 # without digging into things too deeply
62 use Scalar::Util 'blessed';
64 my ($self, $syntax) = @_;
65 my $dbhname = blessed($syntax) ? $syntax->{Driver}{Name} : $syntax;
66 if(ref($self) && $dbhname && $dbhname eq 'DB2') {
67 return 'RowNumberOver';
70 $self->{_cached_syntax} ||= $self->SUPER::_find_syntax($syntax);
74 my ($self, $table, $fields, $where, $order, @rest) = @_;
75 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
76 local $self->{rownum_hack_count} = 1
77 if (defined $rest[0] && $self->{limit_dialect} eq 'RowNum');
78 @rest = (-1) unless defined $rest[0];
79 die "LIMIT 0 Does Not Compute" if $rest[0] == 0;
80 # and anyway, SQL::Abstract::Limit will cause a barf if we don't first
81 local $self->{having_bind} = [];
82 my ($sql, @ret) = $self->SUPER::select(
83 $table, $self->_recurse_fields($fields), $where, $order, @rest
85 return wantarray ? ($sql, @ret, @{$self->{having_bind}}) : $sql;
91 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
92 $self->SUPER::insert($table, @_);
98 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
99 $self->SUPER::update($table, @_);
105 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
106 $self->SUPER::delete($table, @_);
112 return $_[1].$self->_order_by($_[2]);
114 return $self->SUPER::_emulate_limit(@_);
118 sub _recurse_fields {
119 my ($self, $fields) = @_;
120 my $ref = ref $fields;
121 return $self->_quote($fields) unless $ref;
122 return $$fields if $ref eq 'SCALAR';
124 if ($ref eq 'ARRAY') {
125 return join(', ', map {
126 $self->_recurse_fields($_)
127 .(exists $self->{rownum_hack_count}
128 ? ' AS col'.$self->{rownum_hack_count}++
131 } elsif ($ref eq 'HASH') {
132 foreach my $func (keys %$fields) {
133 return $self->_sqlcase($func)
134 .'( '.$self->_recurse_fields($fields->{$func}).' )';
143 if (ref $_[0] eq 'HASH') {
144 if (defined $_[0]->{group_by}) {
145 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' group by ')
146 .$self->_recurse_fields($_[0]->{group_by});
148 if (defined $_[0]->{having}) {
150 ($frag, @extra) = $self->_recurse_where($_[0]->{having});
151 push(@{$self->{having_bind}}, @extra);
152 $ret .= $self->_sqlcase(' having ').$frag;
154 if (defined $_[0]->{order_by}) {
155 $ret .= $self->_order_by($_[0]->{order_by});
157 } elsif (ref $_[0] eq 'SCALAR') {
158 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ').${ $_[0] };
159 } elsif (ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' && @{$_[0]}) {
160 my @order = @{+shift};
161 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ')
163 my $r = $self->_order_by($_, @_);
164 $r =~ s/^ ?ORDER BY //i;
168 $ret = $self->SUPER::_order_by(@_);
173 sub _order_directions {
174 my ($self, $order) = @_;
175 $order = $order->{order_by} if ref $order eq 'HASH';
176 return $self->SUPER::_order_directions($order);
180 my ($self, $from) = @_;
181 if (ref $from eq 'ARRAY') {
182 return $self->_recurse_from(@$from);
183 } elsif (ref $from eq 'HASH') {
184 return $self->_make_as($from);
186 return $from; # would love to quote here but _table ends up getting called
187 # twice during an ->select without a limit clause due to
188 # the way S::A::Limit->select works. should maybe consider
189 # bypassing this and doing S::A::select($self, ...) in
190 # our select method above. meantime, quoting shims have
191 # been added to select/insert/update/delete here
196 my ($self, $from, @join) = @_;
198 push(@sqlf, $self->_make_as($from));
199 foreach my $j (@join) {
202 # check whether a join type exists
203 my $join_clause = '';
204 my $to_jt = ref($to) eq 'ARRAY' ? $to->[0] : $to;
205 if (ref($to_jt) eq 'HASH' and exists($to_jt->{-join_type})) {
206 $join_clause = ' '.uc($to_jt->{-join_type}).' JOIN ';
208 $join_clause = ' JOIN ';
210 push(@sqlf, $join_clause);
212 if (ref $to eq 'ARRAY') {
213 push(@sqlf, '(', $self->_recurse_from(@$to), ')');
215 push(@sqlf, $self->_make_as($to));
217 push(@sqlf, ' ON ', $self->_join_condition($on));
219 return join('', @sqlf);
223 my ($self, $from) = @_;
224 return join(' ', map { (ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' ? $$_ : $self->_quote($_)) }
225 reverse each %{$self->_skip_options($from)});
229 my ($self, $hash) = @_;
231 $clean_hash->{$_} = $hash->{$_}
232 for grep {!/^-/} keys %$hash;
236 sub _join_condition {
237 my ($self, $cond) = @_;
238 if (ref $cond eq 'HASH') {
243 # XXX no throw_exception() in this package and croak() fails with strange results
244 Carp::croak(ref($v) . qq{ reference arguments are not supported in JOINS - try using \"..." instead'})
245 if ref($v) ne 'SCALAR';
249 my $x = '= '.$self->_quote($v); $j{$_} = \$x;
252 return scalar($self->_recurse_where(\%j));
253 } elsif (ref $cond eq 'ARRAY') {
254 return join(' OR ', map { $self->_join_condition($_) } @$cond);
256 die "Can't handle this yet!";
261 my ($self, $label) = @_;
262 return '' unless defined $label;
263 return "*" if $label eq '*';
264 return $label unless $self->{quote_char};
265 if(ref $self->{quote_char} eq "ARRAY"){
266 return $self->{quote_char}->[0] . $label . $self->{quote_char}->[1]
267 if !defined $self->{name_sep};
268 my $sep = $self->{name_sep};
269 return join($self->{name_sep},
270 map { $self->{quote_char}->[0] . $_ . $self->{quote_char}->[1] }
271 split(/\Q$sep\E/,$label));
273 return $self->SUPER::_quote($label);
278 $self->{limit_dialect} = shift if @_;
279 return $self->{limit_dialect};
284 $self->{quote_char} = shift if @_;
285 return $self->{quote_char};
290 $self->{name_sep} = shift if @_;
291 return $self->{name_sep};
294 } # End of BEGIN block
298 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
304 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
305 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
306 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
313 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
315 $new->cursor("DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor");
316 $new->transaction_depth(0);
317 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
318 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
319 $new->{_dbh_gen} = 0;
326 The arguments of C<connect_info> are always a single array reference.
328 This is normally accessed via L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
329 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before calling
330 C<connect_info> here.
332 The arrayref can either contain the same set of arguments one would
333 normally pass to L<DBI/connect>, or a lone code reference which returns
334 a connected database handle. Please note that the L<DBI> docs
335 recommend that you always explicitly set C<AutoCommit> to either
336 C<0> or C<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further recommends that it be set
337 to C<1>, and that you perform transactions via our L</txn_do>
338 method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it to C<1> if you do not do explicitly
339 set it to zero. This is the default for most DBDs. See below for more
342 In either case, if the final argument in your connect_info happens
343 to be a hashref, C<connect_info> will look there for several
344 connection-specific options:
350 This can be set to an arrayref of literal sql statements, which will
351 be executed immediately after making the connection to the database
352 every time we [re-]connect.
354 =item disable_sth_caching
356 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
357 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
361 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
362 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
367 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
368 you use this you will want to specify L<name_sep> as well.
370 quote_char expects either a single character, in which case is it is placed
371 on either side of the table/column, or an arrayref of length 2 in which case the
372 table/column name is placed between the elements.
374 For example under MySQL you'd use C<quote_char =E<gt> '`'>, and user SQL Server you'd
375 use C<quote_char =E<gt> [qw/[ ]/]>.
379 This only needs to be used in conjunction with L<quote_char>, and is used to
380 specify the charecter that seperates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
381 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
385 These options can be mixed in with your other L<DBI> connection attributes,
386 or placed in a seperate hashref after all other normal L<DBI> connection
389 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
390 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
391 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
393 Important note: DBIC expects the returned database handle provided by
394 a subref argument to have RaiseError set on it. If it doesn't, things
395 might not work very well, YMMV. If you don't use a subref, DBIC will
396 force this setting for you anyways. Setting HandleError to anything
397 other than simple exception object wrapper might cause problems too.
399 Another Important Note:
401 DBIC can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
402 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<AutoCommit => 1>
403 combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
405 If you set C<AutoCommit => 0> in your connect info, then you are always
406 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
407 like to manage that manually. A lot of DBIC's magic protections
408 go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
409 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
410 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
411 cases if you choose the C<AutoCommit => 0> path, just as you would
416 # Simple SQLite connection
417 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
420 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
422 # A bit more complicated
429 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
433 # Equivalent to the previous example
439 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
443 # Subref + DBIC-specific connection options
446 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
450 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
451 disable_sth_caching => 1,
459 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
461 return $self->_connect_info if !$info_arg;
463 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
464 # the new set of options
465 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
466 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
467 $self->_connect_info([@$info_arg]); # copy for _connect_info
469 my $dbi_info = [@$info_arg]; # copy for _dbi_connect_info
471 my $last_info = $dbi_info->[-1];
472 if(ref $last_info eq 'HASH') {
473 for my $storage_opt (qw/on_connect_do disable_sth_caching/) {
474 if(my $value = delete $last_info->{$storage_opt}) {
475 $self->$storage_opt($value);
478 for my $sql_maker_opt (qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/) {
479 if(my $opt_val = delete $last_info->{$sql_maker_opt}) {
480 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $opt_val;
484 # Get rid of any trailing empty hashref
485 pop(@$dbi_info) if !keys %$last_info;
487 $self->_dbi_connect_info($dbi_info);
489 $self->_connect_info;
494 This method is deprecated in favor of setting via L</connect_info>.
498 Arguments: $subref, @extra_coderef_args?
500 Execute the given subref using the new exception-based connection management.
502 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
503 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
504 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
506 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
507 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
509 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
510 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
511 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
515 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
517 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
518 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
519 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
530 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
531 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
533 return $coderef->($self, $self->_dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
534 || $self->{transaction_depth};
536 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
539 my $want_array = wantarray;
542 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
543 $self->_populate_dbh if !$self->_dbh;
545 @result = $coderef->($self, $self->_dbh, @_);
547 elsif(defined $want_array) {
548 $result[0] = $coderef->($self, $self->_dbh, @_);
551 $coderef->($self, $self->_dbh, @_);
556 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
558 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
560 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
561 # exception fall right through this time
562 $self->_populate_dbh;
563 $coderef->($self, $self->_dbh, @_);
566 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
567 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
568 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
573 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
574 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
576 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
579 my $want_array = wantarray;
584 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
585 $self->_populate_dbh if !$self->_dbh;
589 @result = $coderef->(@_);
591 elsif(defined $want_array) {
592 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
601 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
603 if($tried++ > 0 || $self->connected) {
604 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
605 my $rollback_exception = $@;
606 if($rollback_exception) {
607 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
608 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
609 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
611 $self->throw_exception(
612 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
613 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
616 $self->throw_exception($exception)
619 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
621 $self->_populate_dbh;
627 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
628 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
635 if( $self->connected ) {
636 $self->_dbh->rollback unless $self->_dbh->{AutoCommit};
637 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
646 if(my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
647 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
655 return ($dbh->FETCH('Active') && $dbh->ping);
661 # handle pid changes correctly
662 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
666 return if $self->_conn_pid == $$;
668 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
675 sub ensure_connected {
678 unless ($self->connected) {
679 $self->_populate_dbh;
685 Returns the dbh - a data base handle of class L<DBI>.
692 $self->ensure_connected;
696 sub _sql_maker_args {
699 return ( bindtype=>'columns', limit_dialect => $self->dbh, %{$self->_sql_maker_opts} );
704 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
705 $self->_sql_maker(new DBIC::SQL::Abstract( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
707 return $self->_sql_maker;
712 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
713 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
715 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
716 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
717 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh->{AutoCommit} ? 0 : 1;
719 if(ref $self eq 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI') {
720 my $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
721 if ($self->load_optional_class("DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}")) {
722 bless $self, "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
723 $self->_rebless() if $self->can('_rebless');
727 # if on-connect sql statements are given execute them
728 foreach my $sql_statement (@{$self->on_connect_do || []}) {
729 $self->debugobj->query_start($sql_statement) if $self->debug();
730 $self->_dbh->do($sql_statement);
731 $self->debugobj->query_end($sql_statement) if $self->debug();
734 $self->_conn_pid($$);
735 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
739 my ($self, @info) = @_;
741 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
744 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
746 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
747 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
748 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
752 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
756 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
757 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
758 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
759 $dbh->{PrintWarn} = 0;
763 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
765 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
774 if($self->{transaction_depth}++ == 0) {
775 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
777 # this isn't ->_dbh-> because
778 # we should reconnect on begin_work
779 # for AutoCommit users
780 $self->dbh->begin_work;
786 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
787 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
788 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
791 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
792 if $dbh->{AutoCommit};
794 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
795 $self->{transaction_depth}--
801 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
804 $autocommit = $dbh->{AutoCommit};
805 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
806 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
809 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
812 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
813 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
816 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
821 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
822 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
823 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
824 $self->{transaction_depth} = $autocommit ? 0 : 1;
825 $self->throw_exception($error);
829 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
830 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
831 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
832 sub _prep_for_execute {
833 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
835 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
837 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
840 return ($sql, \@bind);
844 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
846 if( blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
847 $ident = $ident->from();
850 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
854 map { defined ($_ && $_->[1]) ? qq{'$_->[1]'} : q{'NULL'} } @$bind;
855 $self->debugobj->query_start($sql, @debug_bind);
858 my $sth = eval { $self->sth($sql,$op) };
859 $self->throw_exception("no sth generated via sql ($@): $sql") if $@;
862 my $placeholder_index = 1;
864 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
866 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
868 if ($bind_attributes) {
869 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
870 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
873 foreach my $data (@data) {
874 $data = ref $data ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args
876 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
877 $placeholder_index++;
883 $self->throw_exception("Error executing '$sql': " . ($@ || $sth->errstr))
888 map { defined ($_ && $_->[1]) ? qq{'$_->[1]'} : q{'NULL'} } @$bind;
889 $self->debugobj->query_end($sql, @debug_bind);
891 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
895 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
897 my $ident = $source->from;
898 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
900 eval { $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert) };
901 $self->throw_exception(
902 "Couldn't insert ".join(', ',
903 map "$_ => $to_insert->{$_}", keys %$to_insert
904 )." into ${ident}: $@"
910 ## Still not quite perfect, and EXPERIMENTAL
911 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
912 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
913 ## only prepped once.
915 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
917 my $table = $source->from;
918 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
919 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->insert($table, \%colvalues);
922 my @debug_bind = map { defined $_->[1] ? qq{$_->[1]} : q{'NULL'} } @bind;
923 $self->debugobj->query_start($sql, @debug_bind);
925 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
927 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
931 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
933 my $tuple_status = [];
936 ##print STDERR Dumper( $data, $sql, [@bind] );
942 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
943 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
945 ## Bind the values and execute
948 my $placeholder_index = 1;
950 foreach my $bound (@bind) {
953 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
955 if( $bind_attributes ) {
956 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
957 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
960 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
962 $sth->bind_param_array( $placeholder_index, [@data], $attributes );
963 $placeholder_index++;
965 $sth->execute_array( {ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status} );
969 if ($@ || !defined $rv) {
971 foreach my $tuple (@$tuple_status) {
972 $errors .= "\n" . $tuple->[1] if(ref $tuple);
974 $self->throw_exception("Error executing '$sql': ".($@ || $errors));
977 $self->throw_exception("'$sql' did not generate a statement.");
980 my @debug_bind = map { defined $_ ? qq{`$_'} : q{`NULL'} } @bind;
981 $self->debugobj->query_end($sql, @debug_bind);
983 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
988 my $source = shift @_;
989 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
991 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, @_);
997 my $source = shift @_;
999 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## If ever it's needed...
1001 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @_);
1005 my ($self, $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1006 my $order = $attrs->{order_by};
1007 if (ref $condition eq 'SCALAR') {
1008 $order = $1 if $$condition =~ s/ORDER BY (.*)$//i;
1010 if (exists $attrs->{group_by} || $attrs->{having}) {
1012 group_by => $attrs->{group_by},
1013 having => $attrs->{having},
1014 ($order ? (order_by => $order) : ())
1017 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## Future support
1018 my @args = ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $condition, $order);
1019 if ($attrs->{software_limit} ||
1020 $self->sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ") {
1021 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1023 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1024 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1025 push @args, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1027 return $self->_execute(@args);
1030 sub source_bind_attributes {
1031 my ($self, $source) = @_;
1033 my $bind_attributes;
1034 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
1036 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
1037 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
1041 return $bind_attributes;
1048 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
1052 Handle a SQL select statement.
1058 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1059 return $self->cursor->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
1064 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
1065 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1066 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
1075 =item Arguments: $sql
1079 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
1084 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1086 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1087 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1088 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1089 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1091 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1092 # but apparently that's not true :(
1093 die $dbh->errstr if !$sth;
1099 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
1100 $self->dbh_do($self->can('_dbh_sth'), $sql);
1103 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
1104 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
1106 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
1109 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
1110 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
1112 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
1114 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
1115 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
1116 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
1117 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
1118 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
1119 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
1121 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
1124 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
1128 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
1130 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
1131 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
1133 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
1134 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
1135 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
1137 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
1138 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
1139 $column_info{size} = $2;
1142 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
1146 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
1147 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
1148 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
1150 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
1151 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
1152 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
1153 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
1160 sub columns_info_for {
1161 my ($self, $table) = @_;
1162 $self->dbh_do($self->can('_dbh_columns_info_for'), $table);
1165 =head2 last_insert_id
1167 Return the row id of the last insert.
1171 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
1172 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
1173 # XXX This is a SQLite-ism as a default... is there a DBI-generic way?
1174 $dbh->func('last_insert_rowid');
1177 sub last_insert_id {
1179 $self->dbh_do($self->can('_dbh_last_insert_id'), @_);
1184 Returns the database driver name.
1188 sub sqlt_type { shift->dbh->{Driver}->{Name} }
1190 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
1192 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind attribute for
1193 $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) or nothing if we will let the database planner
1196 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
1200 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
1204 =head2 create_ddl_dir (EXPERIMENTAL)
1208 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, $sqlt_args
1212 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
1213 database types, in the given directory.
1215 Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly
1216 across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships.
1222 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
1224 if(!$dir || !-d $dir)
1226 warn "No directory given, using ./\n";
1229 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
1230 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
1231 $version ||= $schema->VERSION || '1.x';
1232 $sqltargs = { ( add_drop_table => 1 ), %{$sqltargs || {}} };
1234 eval "use SQL::Translator";
1235 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without SQL::Translator: $@") if $@;
1237 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new({
1239 add_drop_table => 1,
1241 foreach my $db (@$databases)
1244 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
1245 # $sqlt->parser_args({'DBIx::Class' => $schema);
1246 $sqlt = $self->configure_sqlt($sqlt, $db);
1247 $sqlt->data($schema);
1248 $sqlt->producer($db);
1251 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $dir, $version);
1254 warn("$filename already exists, skipping $db");
1258 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
1261 warn("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
1264 if(!open($file, ">$filename"))
1266 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
1269 print $file $output;
1274 eval "use SQL::Translator::Diff";
1277 warn("Can't diff versions without SQL::Translator::Diff: $@");
1281 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $dir, $preversion);
1282 # print "Previous version $prefilename\n";
1283 if(!-e $prefilename)
1285 warn("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
1288 #### We need to reparse the SQLite file we just wrote, so that
1289 ## Diff doesnt get all confoosed, and Diff is *very* confused.
1290 ## FIXME: rip Diff to pieces!
1291 # my $target_schema = $sqlt->schema;
1292 # unless ( $target_schema->name ) {
1293 # $target_schema->name( $filename );
1296 push @input, {file => $prefilename, parser => $db};
1297 push @input, {file => $filename, parser => $db};
1298 my ( $source_schema, $source_db, $target_schema, $target_db ) = map {
1299 my $file = $_->{'file'};
1300 my $parser = $_->{'parser'};
1302 my $t = SQL::Translator->new;
1305 $t->parser( $parser ) or die $t->error;
1306 my $out = $t->translate( $file ) or die $t->error;
1307 my $schema = $t->schema;
1308 unless ( $schema->name ) {
1309 $schema->name( $file );
1314 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
1315 $target_schema, $db,
1318 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $dir, $version, $preversion);
1319 print STDERR "Diff: $difffile: $db, $dir, $version, $preversion \n";
1322 warn("$difffile already exists, skipping");
1325 if(!open $file, ">$difffile")
1327 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
1336 sub configure_sqlt() {
1339 my $db = shift || $self->sqlt_type;
1340 if ($db eq 'PostgreSQL') {
1341 $tr->quote_table_names(0);
1342 $tr->quote_field_names(0);
1347 =head2 deployment_statements
1351 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
1355 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
1356 The database driver name is given by C<$type>, though the value from
1357 L</sqlt_type> is used if it is not specified.
1359 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
1360 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
1361 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
1363 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
1364 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
1366 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
1370 sub deployment_statements {
1371 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
1372 # Need to be connected to get the correct sqlt_type
1373 $self->ensure_connected() unless $type;
1374 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
1375 $version ||= $schema->VERSION || '1.x';
1377 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $dir, $version);
1381 open($file, "<$filename")
1382 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
1385 return join('', @rows);
1388 eval "use SQL::Translator";
1391 eval "use SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class;";
1392 $self->throw_exception($@) if $@;
1393 eval "use SQL::Translator::Producer::${type};";
1394 $self->throw_exception($@) if $@;
1396 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
1398 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
1399 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
1401 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(%$sqltargs);
1402 SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class::parse( $tr, $schema );
1403 return "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}"->can('produce')->($tr);
1406 $self->throw_exception("No SQL::Translator, and no Schema file found, aborting deploy");
1412 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
1413 foreach my $statement ( $self->deployment_statements($schema, $type, undef, $dir, { no_comments => 1, %{ $sqltargs || {} } } ) ) {
1414 for ( split(";\n", $statement)) {
1415 next if($_ =~ /^--/);
1417 # next if($_ =~ /^DROP/m);
1418 next if($_ =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
1419 next if($_ =~ /^COMMIT/m);
1420 next if $_ =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
1421 $self->debugobj->query_start($_) if $self->debug;
1422 $self->dbh->do($_); # shouldn't be using ->dbh ?
1423 $self->debugobj->query_end($_) if $self->debug;
1428 =head2 datetime_parser
1430 Returns the datetime parser class
1434 sub datetime_parser {
1436 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
1439 =head2 datetime_parser_type
1441 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
1442 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
1446 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
1448 =head2 build_datetime_parser
1450 See L</datetime_parser>
1454 sub build_datetime_parser {
1456 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
1458 $self->throw_exception("Couldn't load ${type}: $@") if $@;
1464 return if !$self->_dbh;
1473 The module defines a set of methods within the DBIC::SQL::Abstract
1474 namespace. These build on L<SQL::Abstract::Limit> to provide the
1475 SQL query functions.
1477 The following methods are extended:-
1491 See L</connect_info> for details.
1492 For setting, this method is deprecated in favor of L</connect_info>.
1496 See L</connect_info> for details.
1497 For setting, this method is deprecated in favor of L</connect_info>.
1501 See L</connect_info> for details.
1502 For setting, this method is deprecated in favor of L</connect_info>.
1508 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
1510 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
1514 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.