1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Storage::DBIHacks DBIx::Class::Storage/;
10 use DBIx::Class::Carp;
11 use Scalar::Util qw/refaddr weaken reftype blessed/;
12 use List::Util qw/first/;
13 use Sub::Name 'subname';
14 use Context::Preserve 'preserve_context';
17 use Data::Compare (); # no imports!!! guard against insane architecture
20 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
21 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
23 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/
24 sql_limit_dialect sql_quote_char sql_name_sep
27 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('component_class' => qw/sql_maker_class datetime_parser_type/);
29 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLMaker');
30 __PACKAGE__->datetime_parser_type('DateTime::Format::MySQL'); # historic default
32 __PACKAGE__->sql_name_sep('.');
34 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => qw/
35 _connect_info _dbic_connect_attributes _driver_determined
36 _dbh _dbh_details _conn_pid _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts _dbh_autocommit
37 _perform_autoinc_retrieval _autoinc_supplied_for_op
40 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
41 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
42 my @storage_options = qw/
43 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
44 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
46 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
49 # capability definitions, using a 2-tiered accessor system
52 # A driver/user may define _use_X, which blindly without any checks says:
53 # "(do not) use this capability", (use_dbms_capability is an "inherited"
56 # If _use_X is undef, _supports_X is then queried. This is a "simple" style
57 # accessor, which in turn calls _determine_supports_X, and stores the return
58 # in a special slot on the storage object, which is wiped every time a $dbh
59 # reconnection takes place (it is not guaranteed that upon reconnection we
60 # will get the same rdbms version). _determine_supports_X does not need to
61 # exist on a driver, as we ->can for it before calling.
63 my @capabilities = (qw/
65 insert_returning_bound
74 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( dbms_capability => map { "_supports_$_" } @capabilities );
75 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( use_dbms_capability => map { "_use_$_" } (@capabilities ) );
77 # on by default, not strictly a capability (pending rewrite)
78 __PACKAGE__->_use_join_optimizer (1);
79 sub _determine_supports_join_optimizer { 1 };
81 # Each of these methods need _determine_driver called before itself
82 # in order to function reliably. We also need to separate accessors
83 # from plain old method calls, since an accessor called as a setter
84 # does *not* need the driver determination loop fired (and in fact
85 # can produce hard to find bugs, like e.g. losing on_connect_*
86 # semantics on fresh connections)
88 # The construct below is simply a parameterized around()
89 my $storage_accessor_idx = { map { $_ => 1 } qw(
96 for my $meth (keys %$storage_accessor_idx, qw(
110 with_deferred_fk_checks
112 get_use_dbms_capability
119 my $orig = __PACKAGE__->can ($meth)
120 or die "$meth is not a ::Storage::DBI method!";
123 no warnings 'redefine';
124 *{__PACKAGE__ ."::$meth"} = subname $meth => sub {
126 # only fire when invoked on an instance, a valid class-based invocation
127 # would e.g. be setting a default for an inherited accessor
130 ! $_[0]->{_driver_determined}
132 ! $_[0]->{_in_determine_driver}
134 # if this is a known *setter* - just set it, no need to connect
135 # and determine the driver
136 ! ( $storage_accessor_idx->{$meth} and @_ > 1 )
138 # Only try to determine stuff if we have *something* that either is or can
139 # provide a DSN. Allows for bare $schema's generated with a plain ->connect()
140 # to still be marginally useful
141 $_[0]->_dbi_connect_info->[0]
143 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
145 # This for some reason crashes and burns on perl 5.8.1
146 # IFF the method ends up throwing an exception
147 #goto $_[0]->can ($meth);
149 my $cref = $_[0]->can ($meth);
159 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
163 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
165 $schema->storage->debug(1);
167 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
169 my ($storage, $dbh, @args) = @_;
170 $dbh->do("DROP TABLE authors");
175 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
176 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser->format_datetime(DateTime->now)
181 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
182 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
183 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
190 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
192 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
193 $new->_dbh_details({});
194 $new->{_in_do_block} = 0;
196 # read below to see what this does
197 $new->_arm_global_destructor;
202 # This is hack to work around perl shooting stuff in random
203 # order on exit(). If we do not walk the remaining storage
204 # objects in an END block, there is a *small but real* chance
205 # of a fork()ed child to kill the parent's shared DBI handle,
206 # *before perl reaches the DESTROY in this package*
207 # Yes, it is ugly and effective.
208 # Additionally this registry is used by the CLONE method to
209 # make sure no handles are shared between threads
211 my %seek_and_destroy;
213 sub _arm_global_destructor {
215 # quick "garbage collection" pass - prevents the registry
216 # from slowly growing with a bunch of undef-valued keys
217 defined $seek_and_destroy{$_} or delete $seek_and_destroy{$_}
218 for keys %seek_and_destroy;
221 $seek_and_destroy{ refaddr($_[0]) } = $_[0]
226 local $?; # just in case the DBI destructor changes it somehow
228 # destroy just the object if not native to this process
229 $_->_verify_pid for (grep
231 values %seek_and_destroy
236 # As per DBI's recommendation, DBIC disconnects all handles as
237 # soon as possible (DBIC will reconnect only on demand from within
239 my @instances = grep { defined $_ } values %seek_and_destroy;
240 %seek_and_destroy = ();
245 $_->transaction_depth(0);
248 # properly renumber existing refs
249 $_->_arm_global_destructor
257 # some databases spew warnings on implicit disconnect
258 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
259 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
262 # this op is necessary, since the very last perl runtime statement
263 # triggers a global destruction shootout, and the $SIG localization
264 # may very well be destroyed before perl actually gets to do the
269 # handle pid changes correctly - do not destroy parent's connection
273 my $pid = $self->_conn_pid;
274 if( defined $pid and $pid != $$ and my $dbh = $self->_dbh ) {
275 $dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
277 $self->transaction_depth(0);
278 $self->savepoints([]);
286 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
287 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
289 The argument list may contain:
295 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
296 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
297 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
298 recognized by DBIx::Class:
300 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
304 A single code reference which returns a connected
305 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
306 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
309 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
313 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
316 $connect_info_args = [{
324 $connect_info_args = [{
325 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect (...) },
330 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
331 following config (L<Config::General> style):
336 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
343 The C<dsn>/C<user>/C<password> combination can be substituted by the
344 C<dbh_maker> key whose value is a coderef that returns a connected
345 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
349 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
350 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
351 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
352 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
353 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
354 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
356 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
358 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES COMMON TO ALL HANDLES>
359 L<connection|DBI/Database Handle Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
360 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
361 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a separate hashref
362 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
364 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
365 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
366 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
373 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
374 the database. Its value may contain:
380 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
382 =item an array reference
384 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
385 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
387 =item a code reference
389 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
390 array reference, its return value is ignored.
394 =item on_disconnect_do
396 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
397 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
399 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
402 =item on_connect_call
404 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
405 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
407 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
411 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
413 Its values may contain:
419 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
421 =item a code reference
423 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
425 =item an array reference
427 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
429 =item an array of arrays
431 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
432 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
436 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
442 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
443 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
451 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
455 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
456 attributes hashref and bind values.
458 =item a code reference
460 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
467 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
468 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
469 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
471 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
472 implementation details.
476 =item on_disconnect_call
478 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
479 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
481 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
482 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
484 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
487 =item disable_sth_caching
489 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
490 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
494 Sets a specific SQL::Abstract::Limit-style limit dialect, overriding the
495 default L</sql_limit_dialect> setting of the storage (if any). For a list
496 of available limit dialects see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
500 When true automatically sets L</quote_char> and L</name_sep> to the characters
501 appropriate for your particular RDBMS. This option is preferred over specifying
502 L</quote_char> directly.
506 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names.
508 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
509 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
510 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
512 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
513 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
517 This parameter is only useful in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
518 specify the character that separates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
519 each other. If unspecified it defaults to the most commonly used C<.>.
523 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
524 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
525 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
526 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
528 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
529 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
530 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
531 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
533 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
534 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
535 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
539 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
540 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
541 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
545 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
546 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
550 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
551 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
553 # Simple SQLite connection
554 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
557 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
559 # Connect via subref in hashref
561 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect(...) },
562 on_connect_do => 'alter session ...',
565 # A bit more complicated
572 { quote_char => q{"} },
576 # Equivalent to the previous example
582 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
586 # Same, but with hashref as argument
587 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
590 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
592 password => 'my_pg_password',
599 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
602 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
606 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
607 disable_sth_caching => 1,
617 my ($self, $info) = @_;
619 return $self->_connect_info if !$info;
621 $self->_connect_info($info); # copy for _connect_info
623 $info = $self->_normalize_connect_info($info)
624 if ref $info eq 'ARRAY';
627 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
628 %{ $info->{attributes} || {} },
631 my @args = @{ $info->{arguments} };
633 if (keys %attrs and ref $args[0] ne 'CODE') {
635 'You provided explicit AutoCommit => 0 in your connection_info. '
636 . 'This is almost universally a bad idea (see the footnotes of '
637 . 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI for more info). If you still want to '
638 . 'do this you can set $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK} to disable '
640 ) if ! $attrs{AutoCommit} and ! $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK};
642 push @args, \%attrs if keys %attrs;
645 # this is the authoritative "always an arrayref" thing fed to DBI->connect
646 # OR a single-element coderef-based $dbh factory
647 $self->_dbi_connect_info(\@args);
649 # extract the individual storage options
650 for my $storage_opt (keys %{ $info->{storage_options} }) {
651 my $value = $info->{storage_options}{$storage_opt};
653 $self->$storage_opt($value);
656 # Extract the individual sqlmaker options
658 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
659 # the new set of options
660 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
661 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
663 for my $sql_maker_opt (keys %{ $info->{sql_maker_options} }) {
664 my $value = $info->{sql_maker_options}{$sql_maker_opt};
666 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $value;
670 # save attributes in a separate accessor so they are always
671 # introspectable, even in case of a CODE $dbhmaker
672 $self->_dbic_connect_attributes (\%attrs);
674 return $self->_connect_info;
677 sub _dbi_connect_info {
680 return $self->{_dbi_connect_info} = $_[0]
683 my $conninfo = $self->{_dbi_connect_info} || [];
685 # last ditch effort to grab a DSN
686 if ( ! defined $conninfo->[0] and $ENV{DBI_DSN} ) {
687 my @new_conninfo = @$conninfo;
688 $new_conninfo[0] = $ENV{DBI_DSN};
689 $conninfo = \@new_conninfo;
696 sub _normalize_connect_info {
697 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
700 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
702 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
705 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
706 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
709 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
710 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
712 if (my $code = delete $attrs{dbh_maker}) {
715 my @ignored = grep { delete $attrs{$_} } (qw/dsn user password/);
718 'Attribute(s) %s in connect_info were ignored, as they can not be applied '
719 . "to the result of 'dbh_maker'",
721 join (', ', map { "'$_'" } (@ignored) ),
726 @args = delete @attrs{qw/dsn user password/};
729 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
731 % { $args[3] || {} },
732 % { $args[4] || {} },
734 @args = @args[0,1,2];
737 $info{arguments} = \@args;
739 my @storage_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
740 @storage_options, 'cursor_class';
742 @{ $info{storage_options} }{@storage_opts} =
743 delete @attrs{@storage_opts} if @storage_opts;
745 my @sql_maker_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
746 qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep quote_names/;
748 @{ $info{sql_maker_options} }{@sql_maker_opts} =
749 delete @attrs{@sql_maker_opts} if @sql_maker_opts;
751 $info{attributes} = \%attrs if %attrs;
756 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes () {
761 ShowErrorStatement => 1,
767 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
771 =head2 on_disconnect_do
773 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
777 sub _parse_connect_do {
778 my ($self, $type) = @_;
780 my $val = $self->$type;
781 return () if not defined $val;
786 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
787 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
789 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
790 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
792 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
800 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
802 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
803 connection management.
805 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
806 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
807 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
809 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
810 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
812 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
813 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
814 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
818 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
820 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
821 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
822 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
831 my $run_target = shift; # either a coderef or a method name
833 # short circuit when we know there is no need for a runner
835 # FIXME - assumption may be wrong
836 # the rationale for the txn_depth check is that if this block is a part
837 # of a larger transaction, everything up to that point is screwed anyway
838 return $self->$run_target($self->_get_dbh, @_)
839 if $self->{_in_do_block} or $self->transaction_depth;
841 # take a ref instead of a copy, to preserve @_ aliasing
842 # semantics within the coderef, but only if needed
843 # (pseudoforking doesn't like this trick much)
844 my $args = @_ ? \@_ : [];
846 DBIx::Class::Storage::BlockRunner->new(
849 retry_handler => sub {
850 $_[0]->failed_attempt_count == 1
852 ! $_[0]->storage->connected
855 $self->$run_target ($self->_get_dbh, @$args )
860 $_[0]->_get_dbh; # connects or reconnects on pid change, necessary to grab correct txn_depth
861 shift->next::method(@_);
866 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
867 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
877 push @actions, ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () );
878 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do');
880 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
882 # stops the "implicit rollback on disconnect" warning
883 $self->_exec_txn_rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
885 %{ $self->_dbh->{CachedKids} } = ();
886 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
891 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
895 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
897 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
901 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
902 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
906 # Storage subclasses should override this
907 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
908 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
916 =item Arguments: none
918 =item Return Value: 1|0
922 Verifies that the current database handle is active and ready to execute
923 an SQL statement (e.g. the connection did not get stale, server is still
924 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
930 return 0 unless $self->_seems_connected;
933 local $self->_dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
938 sub _seems_connected {
941 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
943 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
946 return $dbh->FETCH('Active');
952 my $dbh = $self->_dbh or return 0;
957 sub ensure_connected {
960 unless ($self->connected) {
961 $self->_populate_dbh;
967 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
968 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
969 necessary performing a reconnection before returning. Keep in mind that this
970 is very B<expensive> on some database engines. Consider using L</dbh_do>
978 if (not $self->_dbh) {
979 $self->_populate_dbh;
981 $self->ensure_connected;
986 # this is the internal "get dbh or connect (don't check)" method
989 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
990 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
994 # *DELIBERATELY* not a setter (for the time being)
995 # Too intertwined with everything else for any kind of sanity
999 $self->throw_exception('sql_maker() is not a setter method') if @_;
1001 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
1002 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
1004 my %opts = %{$self->_sql_maker_opts||{}};
1006 $opts{limit_dialect}
1008 $self->sql_limit_dialect
1011 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1013 "Your storage class ($s_class) does not set sql_limit_dialect and you "
1014 . 'have not supplied an explicit limit_dialect in your connection_info. '
1015 . 'DBIC will attempt to use the GenericSubQ dialect, which works on most '
1016 . 'databases but can be (and often is) painfully slow. '
1017 . "Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class'"
1018 ) if $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0];
1024 my ($quote_char, $name_sep);
1026 if ($opts{quote_names}) {
1027 $quote_char = (delete $opts{quote_char}) || $self->sql_quote_char || do {
1028 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1030 "You requested 'quote_names' but your storage class ($s_class) does "
1031 . 'not explicitly define a default sql_quote_char and you have not '
1032 . 'supplied a quote_char as part of your connection_info. DBIC will '
1033 .q{default to the ANSI SQL standard quote '"', which works most of }
1034 . "the time. Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class'."
1040 $name_sep = (delete $opts{name_sep}) || $self->sql_name_sep;
1043 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new(
1044 bindtype=>'columns',
1045 array_datatypes => 1,
1046 limit_dialect => $dialect,
1047 ($quote_char ? (quote_char => $quote_char) : ()),
1048 name_sep => ($name_sep || '.'),
1052 return $self->_sql_maker;
1055 # nothing to do by default
1062 $self->_dbh(undef); # in case ->connected failed we might get sent here
1063 $self->_dbh_details({}); # reset everything we know
1064 $self->_sql_maker(undef); # this may also end up being different
1066 $self->_dbh($self->_connect);
1068 $self->_conn_pid($$) unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK; # on win32 these are in fact threads
1070 $self->_determine_driver;
1072 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
1073 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
1074 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1076 $self->_run_connection_actions unless $self->{_in_determine_driver};
1079 sub _run_connection_actions {
1083 push @actions, ( $self->on_connect_call || () );
1084 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do');
1086 $self->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
1091 sub set_use_dbms_capability {
1092 $_[0]->set_inherited ($_[1], $_[2]);
1095 sub get_use_dbms_capability {
1096 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1098 my $use = $self->get_inherited ($capname);
1101 : do { $capname =~ s/^_use_/_supports_/; $self->get_dbms_capability ($capname) }
1105 sub set_dbms_capability {
1106 $_[0]->_dbh_details->{capability}{$_[1]} = $_[2];
1109 sub get_dbms_capability {
1110 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1112 my $cap = $self->_dbh_details->{capability}{$capname};
1114 unless (defined $cap) {
1115 if (my $meth = $self->can ("_determine$capname")) {
1116 $cap = $self->$meth ? 1 : 0;
1122 $self->set_dbms_capability ($capname, $cap);
1132 unless ($info = $self->_dbh_details->{info}) {
1136 my $server_version = try {
1137 $self->_get_server_version
1139 # driver determination *may* use this codepath
1140 # in which case we must rethrow
1141 $self->throw_exception($_) if $self->{_in_determine_driver};
1143 # $server_version on failure
1147 if (defined $server_version) {
1148 $info->{dbms_version} = $server_version;
1150 my ($numeric_version) = $server_version =~ /^([\d\.]+)/;
1151 my @verparts = split (/\./, $numeric_version);
1157 # consider only up to 3 version parts, iff not more than 3 digits
1159 while (@verparts && @use_parts < 3) {
1160 my $p = shift @verparts;
1162 push @use_parts, $p;
1164 push @use_parts, 0 while @use_parts < 3;
1166 $info->{normalized_dbms_version} = sprintf "%d.%03d%03d", @use_parts;
1170 $self->_dbh_details->{info} = $info;
1176 sub _get_server_version {
1177 shift->_dbh_get_info('SQL_DBMS_VER');
1181 my ($self, $info) = @_;
1183 if ($info =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1184 require DBI::Const::GetInfoType;
1185 $info = $DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType{$info};
1186 $self->throw_exception("Info type '$_[1]' not provided by DBI::Const::GetInfoType")
1187 unless defined $info;
1190 $self->_get_dbh->get_info($info);
1193 sub _describe_connection {
1194 require DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn;
1200 $drv = $self->_extract_driver_from_connect_info;
1201 $self->ensure_connected;
1204 $drv = "DBD::$drv" if $drv;
1207 DBIC_DSN => $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0],
1208 DBI_VER => DBI->VERSION,
1209 DBIC_VER => DBIx::Class->VERSION,
1210 DBIC_DRIVER => ref $self,
1213 DBD_VER => try { $drv->VERSION },
1217 # try to grab data even if we never managed to connect
1218 # will cover us in cases of an oddly broken half-connect
1220 #keys %DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType,
1222 SQL_CURSOR_COMMIT_BEHAVIOR
1223 SQL_CURSOR_ROLLBACK_BEHAVIOR
1224 SQL_CURSOR_SENSITIVITY
1225 SQL_DATA_SOURCE_NAME
1228 SQL_DEFAULT_TXN_ISOLATION
1233 SQL_EXPRESSIONS_IN_ORDERBY
1236 SQL_IDENTIFIER_QUOTE_CHAR
1237 SQL_MAX_CATALOG_NAME_LEN
1238 SQL_MAX_COLUMN_NAME_LEN
1239 SQL_MAX_IDENTIFIER_LEN
1240 SQL_MAX_TABLE_NAME_LEN
1241 SQL_MULTIPLE_ACTIVE_TXN
1242 SQL_MULT_RESULT_SETS
1243 SQL_NEED_LONG_DATA_LEN
1244 SQL_NON_NULLABLE_COLUMNS
1246 SQL_QUALIFIER_NAME_SEPARATOR
1247 SQL_QUOTED_IDENTIFIER_CASE
1249 SQL_TXN_ISOLATION_OPTION
1252 # some drivers barf on things they do not know about instead
1253 # of returning undef
1254 my $v = try { $self->_dbh_get_info($inf) };
1255 next unless defined $v;
1257 #my $key = sprintf( '%s(%s)', $inf, $DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType{$inf} );
1258 my $expl = DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn::Explain($inf, $v);
1259 $res->{$inf} = DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn::Format($inf, $v) . ( $expl ? " ($expl)" : '' );
1265 sub _determine_driver {
1268 if ((not $self->_driver_determined) && (not $self->{_in_determine_driver})) {
1269 my $started_connected = 0;
1270 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1;
1272 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
1274 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
1275 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1276 $started_connected = 1;
1279 $driver = $self->_extract_driver_from_connect_info;
1283 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
1284 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
1285 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3');
1286 bless $self, $storage_class;
1290 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1291 'This version of DBIC does not yet seem to supply a driver for '
1292 . "your particular RDBMS and/or connection method ('$driver')."
1297 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1298 'Unable to extract a driver name from connect info - this '
1299 . 'should not have happened.'
1304 $self->_driver_determined(1);
1306 Class::C3->reinitialize() if DBIx::Class::_ENV_::OLD_MRO;
1308 if ($self->can('source_bind_attributes')) {
1309 $self->throw_exception(
1310 "Your storage subclass @{[ ref $self ]} provides (or inherits) the method "
1311 . 'source_bind_attributes() for which support has been removed as of Jan 2013. '
1312 . 'If you are not sure how to proceed please contact the development team via '
1313 . 'http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBIx-Class/lib/DBIx/Class.pm#GETTING_HELP/SUPPORT'
1317 $self->_init; # run driver-specific initializations
1319 $self->_run_connection_actions
1320 if !$started_connected && defined $self->_dbh;
1324 sub _extract_driver_from_connect_info {
1329 # if connect_info is a CODEREF, we have no choice but to connect
1331 ref $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0]
1333 reftype $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1335 $self->_populate_dbh;
1336 $drv = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1339 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
1340 # force a connection later in _rebless to determine version
1341 # (dsn may not be supplied at all if all we do is make a mock-schema)
1342 ($drv) = ($self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] || '') =~ /^dbi:([^:]+):/i;
1343 $drv ||= $ENV{DBI_DRIVER};
1349 sub _determine_connector_driver {
1350 my ($self, $conn) = @_;
1352 my $dbtype = $self->_dbh_get_info('SQL_DBMS_NAME');
1355 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1356 'Unable to retrieve RDBMS type (SQL_DBMS_NAME) of the engine behind your '
1357 . "$conn connector - this should not have happened."
1362 $dbtype =~ s/\W/_/gi;
1364 my $subclass = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${conn}::${dbtype}";
1365 return if $self->isa($subclass);
1367 if ($self->load_optional_class($subclass)) {
1368 bless $self, $subclass;
1372 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1373 'This version of DBIC does not yet seem to supply a driver for '
1374 . "your particular RDBMS and/or connection method ('$conn/$dbtype')."
1379 sub _warn_undetermined_driver {
1380 my ($self, $msg) = @_;
1382 require Data::Dumper::Concise;
1384 carp_once ($msg . ' While we will attempt to continue anyway, the results '
1385 . 'are likely to be underwhelming. Please upgrade DBIC, and if this message '
1386 . "does not go away, file a bugreport including the following info:\n"
1387 . Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper($self->_describe_connection)
1391 sub _do_connection_actions {
1393 my $method_prefix = shift;
1396 if (not ref($call)) {
1397 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
1399 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
1401 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
1402 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
1403 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
1405 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
1408 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
1414 sub connect_call_do_sql {
1416 $self->_do_query(@_);
1419 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
1421 $self->_do_query(@_);
1424 # override in db-specific backend when necessary
1425 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
1428 my ($self, $action) = @_;
1430 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
1431 $action = $action->($self);
1432 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
1435 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
1436 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
1437 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
1438 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
1439 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
1440 my $sql = shift @do_args;
1441 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
1442 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
1445 $_[0]->_query_start($sql, \@bind);
1446 $_[1]->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
1447 $_[0]->_query_end($sql, \@bind);
1457 my $info = $self->_dbi_connect_info;
1459 $self->throw_exception("You did not provide any connection_info")
1460 unless defined $info->[0];
1462 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
1464 local $DBI::connect_via = 'connect' if $INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL};
1466 # this odd anonymous coderef dereference is in fact really
1467 # necessary to avoid the unwanted effect described in perl5
1470 # in addition the coderef itself can't reside inside the try{} block below
1471 # as it somehow triggers a leak under perl -d
1472 my $dbh_error_handler_installer = sub {
1473 weaken (my $weak_self = $_[0]);
1475 # the coderef is blessed so we can distinguish it from externally
1476 # supplied handles (which must be preserved)
1477 $_[1]->{HandleError} = bless sub {
1479 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1482 # the handler may be invoked by something totally out of
1484 DBIx::Class::Exception->throw("DBI Exception (unhandled by DBIC, ::Schema GCed): $_[0]");
1486 }, '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1490 if(ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE') {
1491 $dbh = $info->[0]->();
1495 $dbh = DBI->connect(@$info);
1498 die $DBI::errstr unless $dbh;
1500 die sprintf ("%s fresh DBI handle with a *false* 'Active' attribute. "
1501 . 'This handle is disconnected as far as DBIC is concerned, and we can '
1503 ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1504 ? "Connection coderef $info->[0] returned a"
1505 : 'DBI->connect($schema->storage->connect_info) resulted in a'
1506 ) unless $dbh->FETCH('Active');
1508 # sanity checks unless asked otherwise
1509 unless ($self->unsafe) {
1511 $self->throw_exception(
1512 'Refusing clobbering of {HandleError} installed on externally supplied '
1513 ."DBI handle $dbh. Either remove the handler or use the 'unsafe' attribute."
1514 ) if $dbh->{HandleError} and ref $dbh->{HandleError} ne '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1516 # Default via _default_dbi_connect_attributes is 1, hence it was an explicit
1517 # request, or an external handle. Complain and set anyway
1518 unless ($dbh->{RaiseError}) {
1519 carp( ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1521 ? "The 'RaiseError' of the externally supplied DBI handle is set to false. "
1522 ."DBIx::Class will toggle it back to true, unless the 'unsafe' connect "
1523 .'attribute has been supplied'
1525 : 'RaiseError => 0 supplied in your connection_info, without an explicit '
1526 .'unsafe => 1. Toggling RaiseError back to true'
1529 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1532 $dbh_error_handler_installer->($self, $dbh);
1536 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: $_")
1539 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1546 # this means we have not yet connected and do not know the AC status
1547 # (e.g. coderef $dbh), need a full-fledged connection check
1548 if (! defined $self->_dbh_autocommit) {
1549 $self->ensure_connected;
1551 # Otherwise simply connect or re-connect on pid changes
1556 $self->next::method(@_);
1559 sub _exec_txn_begin {
1562 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for him, otherwise we need to
1563 # ensure that the $dbh is healthy on BEGIN.
1564 # We do this via ->dbh_do instead of ->dbh, so that the ->dbh "ping"
1565 # will be replaced by a failure of begin_work itself (which will be
1566 # then retried on reconnect)
1567 if ($self->{_in_do_block}) {
1568 $self->_dbh->begin_work;
1570 $self->dbh_do(sub { $_[1]->begin_work });
1577 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
1578 $self->throw_exception("Unable to txn_commit() on a disconnected storage")
1581 # esoteric case for folks using external $dbh handles
1582 if (! $self->transaction_depth and ! $self->_dbh->FETCH('AutoCommit') ) {
1583 carp "Storage transaction_depth 0 does not match "
1584 ."false AutoCommit of $self->{_dbh}, attempting COMMIT anyway";
1585 $self->transaction_depth(1);
1588 $self->next::method(@_);
1590 # if AutoCommit is disabled txn_depth never goes to 0
1591 # as a new txn is started immediately on commit
1592 $self->transaction_depth(1) if (
1593 !$self->transaction_depth
1595 defined $self->_dbh_autocommit
1597 ! $self->_dbh_autocommit
1601 sub _exec_txn_commit {
1602 shift->_dbh->commit;
1608 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
1609 $self->throw_exception("Unable to txn_rollback() on a disconnected storage")
1612 # esoteric case for folks using external $dbh handles
1613 if (! $self->transaction_depth and ! $self->_dbh->FETCH('AutoCommit') ) {
1614 carp "Storage transaction_depth 0 does not match "
1615 ."false AutoCommit of $self->{_dbh}, attempting ROLLBACK anyway";
1616 $self->transaction_depth(1);
1619 $self->next::method(@_);
1621 # if AutoCommit is disabled txn_depth never goes to 0
1622 # as a new txn is started immediately on commit
1623 $self->transaction_depth(1) if (
1624 !$self->transaction_depth
1626 defined $self->_dbh_autocommit
1628 ! $self->_dbh_autocommit
1632 sub _exec_txn_rollback {
1633 shift->_dbh->rollback;
1636 # generate some identical methods
1637 for my $meth (qw/svp_begin svp_release svp_rollback/) {
1639 *{__PACKAGE__ ."::$meth"} = subname $meth => sub {
1641 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
1642 $self->throw_exception("Unable to $meth() on a disconnected storage")
1644 $self->next::method(@_);
1648 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1649 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1650 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1651 sub _prep_for_execute {
1652 #my ($self, $op, $ident, $args) = @_;
1653 return shift->_gen_sql_bind(@_)
1657 my ($self, $op, $ident, $args) = @_;
1659 my ($colinfos, $from);
1660 if ( blessed($ident) ) {
1661 $from = $ident->from;
1662 $colinfos = $ident->columns_info;
1666 ($sql, @$bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op( ($from || $ident), @$args );
1668 $bind = $self->_resolve_bindattrs(
1669 $ident, [ @{$args->[2]{bind}||[]}, @$bind ], $colinfos
1673 ! $ENV{DBIC_DT_SEARCH_OK}
1682 $_->[1]->isa('DateTime')
1685 carp_unique 'DateTime objects passed to search() are not supported '
1686 . 'properly (InflateColumn::DateTime formats and settings are not '
1687 . 'respected.) See "Formatting DateTime objects in queries" in '
1688 . 'DBIx::Class::Manual::Cookbook. To disable this warning for good '
1689 . 'set $ENV{DBIC_DT_SEARCH_OK} to true'
1692 return( $sql, $bind );
1695 sub _resolve_bindattrs {
1696 my ($self, $ident, $bind, $colinfos) = @_;
1700 my $resolve_bindinfo = sub {
1701 #my $infohash = shift;
1703 %$colinfos = %{ $self->_resolve_column_info($ident) }
1704 unless keys %$colinfos;
1707 if (my $col = $_[0]->{dbic_colname}) {
1708 $ret = { %{$_[0]} };
1710 $ret->{sqlt_datatype} ||= $colinfos->{$col}{data_type}
1711 if $colinfos->{$col}{data_type};
1713 $ret->{sqlt_size} ||= $colinfos->{$col}{size}
1714 if $colinfos->{$col}{size};
1722 ( ref $_ ne 'ARRAY' or @$_ != 2 ) ? [ {}, $_ ]
1723 : ( ! defined $_->[0] ) ? [ {}, $_->[1] ]
1724 : (ref $_->[0] eq 'HASH') ? [ (exists $_->[0]{dbd_attrs} or $_->[0]{sqlt_datatype})
1726 : $resolve_bindinfo->($_->[0])
1728 : (ref $_->[0] eq 'SCALAR') ? [ { sqlt_datatype => ${$_->[0]} }, $_->[1] ]
1729 : [ $resolve_bindinfo->(
1730 { dbic_colname => $_->[0] }
1735 ! exists $resolved->[0]{dbd_attrs}
1737 ! $resolved->[0]{sqlt_datatype}
1739 length ref $resolved->[1]
1741 ! overload::Method($resolved->[1], '""')
1743 require Data::Dumper;
1744 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 1;
1745 local $Data::Dumper::Terse = 1;
1746 local $Data::Dumper::Useqq = 1;
1747 local $Data::Dumper::Indent = 0;
1748 local $Data::Dumper::Pad = ' ';
1749 $self->throw_exception(
1750 'You must supply a datatype/bindtype (see DBIx::Class::ResultSet/DBIC BIND VALUES) '
1751 . 'for non-scalar value '. Data::Dumper::Dumper ($resolved->[1])
1760 sub _format_for_trace {
1761 #my ($self, $bind) = @_;
1763 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1764 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ \%attrs, 3 ] )
1766 ### ( "'1'", "'3'" )
1769 defined( $_ && $_->[1] )
1776 my ( $self, $sql, $bind ) = @_;
1778 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, $self->_format_for_trace($bind) )
1783 my ( $self, $sql, $bind ) = @_;
1785 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, $self->_format_for_trace($bind) )
1789 sub _dbi_attrs_for_bind {
1790 my ($self, $ident, $bind) = @_;
1794 for (map { $_->[0] } @$bind) {
1796 if (exists $_->{dbd_attrs}) {
1799 elsif($_->{sqlt_datatype}) {
1800 # cache the result in the dbh_details hash, as it can not change unless
1801 # we connect to something else
1802 my $cache = $self->_dbh_details->{_datatype_map_cache} ||= {};
1803 if (not exists $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}}) {
1804 $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($_->{sqlt_datatype}) || undef;
1806 $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}};
1809 undef; # always push something at this position
1818 my ($self, $op, $ident, @args) = @_;
1820 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $ident, \@args);
1822 # not even a PID check - we do not care about the state of the _dbh.
1823 # All we need is to get the appropriate drivers loaded if they aren't
1824 # already so that the assumption in ad7c50fc26e holds
1825 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
1827 $self->dbh_do( _dbh_execute => # retry over disconnects
1830 $self->_dbi_attrs_for_bind($ident, $bind),
1835 my ($self, $dbh, $sql, $bind, $bind_attrs) = @_;
1837 $self->_query_start( $sql, $bind );
1839 my $sth = $self->_bind_sth_params(
1840 $self->_prepare_sth($dbh, $sql),
1845 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1846 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1847 $self->throw_exception(
1848 $sth->errstr || $sth->err || 'Unknown error: execute() returned false, but error flags were not set...'
1851 $self->_query_end( $sql, $bind );
1853 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1857 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1859 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1860 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1861 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1862 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1864 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1865 # but apparently that's not true :(
1866 $self->throw_exception(
1869 sprintf( "\$dbh->prepare() of '%s' through %s failed *silently* without "
1870 .'an exception and/or setting $dbh->errstr',
1872 ? substr($sql, 0, 20) . '...'
1875 'DBD::' . $dbh->{Driver}{Name},
1882 sub _bind_sth_params {
1883 my ($self, $sth, $bind, $bind_attrs) = @_;
1885 for my $i (0 .. $#$bind) {
1886 if (ref $bind->[$i][1] eq 'SCALAR') { # any scalarrefs are assumed to be bind_inouts
1887 $sth->bind_param_inout(
1888 $i + 1, # bind params counts are 1-based
1890 $bind->[$i][0]{dbd_size} || $self->_max_column_bytesize($bind->[$i][0]), # size
1895 # FIXME SUBOPTIMAL - most likely this is not necessary at all
1896 # confirm with dbi-dev whether explicit stringification is needed
1897 my $v = ( length ref $bind->[$i][1] and overload::Method($bind->[$i][1], '""') )
1912 sub _prefetch_autovalues {
1913 my ($self, $source, $colinfo, $to_insert) = @_;
1916 for my $col (keys %$colinfo) {
1918 $colinfo->{$col}{auto_nextval}
1921 ! exists $to_insert->{$col}
1923 ref $to_insert->{$col} eq 'SCALAR'
1925 (ref $to_insert->{$col} eq 'REF' and ref ${$to_insert->{$col}} eq 'ARRAY')
1928 $values{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1930 ( $colinfo->{$col}{sequence} ||=
1931 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->_get_dbh, $source, $col)
1941 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1943 my $col_infos = $source->columns_info;
1945 my $prefetched_values = $self->_prefetch_autovalues($source, $col_infos, $to_insert);
1947 # fuse the values, but keep a separate list of prefetched_values so that
1948 # they can be fused once again with the final return
1949 $to_insert = { %$to_insert, %$prefetched_values };
1951 # FIXME - we seem to assume undef values as non-supplied. This is wrong.
1952 # Investigate what does it take to s/defined/exists/
1953 my %pcols = map { $_ => 1 } $source->primary_columns;
1954 my (%retrieve_cols, $autoinc_supplied, $retrieve_autoinc_col);
1955 for my $col ($source->columns) {
1956 if ($col_infos->{$col}{is_auto_increment}) {
1957 $autoinc_supplied ||= 1 if defined $to_insert->{$col};
1958 $retrieve_autoinc_col ||= $col unless $autoinc_supplied;
1961 # nothing to retrieve when explicit values are supplied
1962 next if (defined $to_insert->{$col} and ! (
1963 ref $to_insert->{$col} eq 'SCALAR'
1965 (ref $to_insert->{$col} eq 'REF' and ref ${$to_insert->{$col}} eq 'ARRAY')
1968 # the 'scalar keys' is a trick to preserve the ->columns declaration order
1969 $retrieve_cols{$col} = scalar keys %retrieve_cols if (
1972 $col_infos->{$col}{retrieve_on_insert}
1976 local $self->{_autoinc_supplied_for_op} = $autoinc_supplied;
1977 local $self->{_perform_autoinc_retrieval} = $retrieve_autoinc_col;
1979 my ($sqla_opts, @ir_container);
1980 if (%retrieve_cols and $self->_use_insert_returning) {
1981 $sqla_opts->{returning_container} = \@ir_container
1982 if $self->_use_insert_returning_bound;
1984 $sqla_opts->{returning} = [
1985 sort { $retrieve_cols{$a} <=> $retrieve_cols{$b} } keys %retrieve_cols
1989 my ($rv, $sth) = $self->_execute('insert', $source, $to_insert, $sqla_opts);
1991 my %returned_cols = %$to_insert;
1992 if (my $retlist = $sqla_opts->{returning}) { # if IR is supported - we will get everything in one set
1993 @ir_container = try {
1994 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
1995 my @r = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1998 } unless @ir_container;
2000 @returned_cols{@$retlist} = @ir_container if @ir_container;
2003 # pull in PK if needed and then everything else
2004 if (my @missing_pri = grep { $pcols{$_} } keys %retrieve_cols) {
2006 $self->throw_exception( "Missing primary key but Storage doesn't support last_insert_id" )
2007 unless $self->can('last_insert_id');
2009 my @pri_values = $self->last_insert_id($source, @missing_pri);
2011 $self->throw_exception( "Can't get last insert id" )
2012 unless (@pri_values == @missing_pri);
2014 @returned_cols{@missing_pri} = @pri_values;
2015 delete @retrieve_cols{@missing_pri};
2018 # if there is more left to pull
2019 if (%retrieve_cols) {
2020 $self->throw_exception(
2021 'Unable to retrieve additional columns without a Primary Key on ' . $source->source_name
2024 my @left_to_fetch = sort { $retrieve_cols{$a} <=> $retrieve_cols{$b} } keys %retrieve_cols;
2026 my $cur = DBIx::Class::ResultSet->new($source, {
2027 where => { map { $_ => $returned_cols{$_} } (keys %pcols) },
2028 select => \@left_to_fetch,
2031 @returned_cols{@left_to_fetch} = $cur->next;
2033 $self->throw_exception('Duplicate row returned for PK-search after fresh insert')
2034 if scalar $cur->next;
2038 return { %$prefetched_values, %returned_cols };
2042 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
2044 my @col_range = (0..$#$cols);
2046 # FIXME SUBOPTIMAL - most likely this is not necessary at all
2047 # confirm with dbi-dev whether explicit stringification is needed
2049 # forcibly stringify whatever is stringifiable
2050 # ResultSet::populate() hands us a copy - safe to mangle
2051 for my $r (0 .. $#$data) {
2052 for my $c (0 .. $#{$data->[$r]}) {
2053 $data->[$r][$c] = "$data->[$r][$c]"
2054 if ( length ref $data->[$r][$c] and overload::Method($data->[$r][$c], '""') );
2058 my $colinfos = $source->columns_info($cols);
2060 local $self->{_autoinc_supplied_for_op} =
2061 (first { $_->{is_auto_increment} } values %$colinfos)
2066 # get a slice type index based on first row of data
2067 # a "column" in this context may refer to more than one bind value
2068 # e.g. \[ '?, ?', [...], [...] ]
2070 # construct the value type index - a description of values types for every
2071 # per-column slice of $data:
2073 # nonexistent - nonbind literal
2075 # [] of bindattrs - resolved attribute(s) of bind(s) passed via literal+bind \[] combo
2077 # also construct the column hash to pass to the SQL generator. For plain
2078 # (non literal) values - convert the members of the first row into a
2079 # literal+bind combo, with extra positional info in the bind attr hashref.
2080 # This will allow us to match the order properly, and is so contrived
2081 # because a user-supplied literal/bind (or something else specific to a
2082 # resultsource and/or storage driver) can inject extra binds along the
2083 # way, so one can't rely on "shift positions" ordering at all. Also we
2084 # can't just hand SQLA a set of some known "values" (e.g. hashrefs that
2085 # can be later matched up by address), because we want to supply a real
2086 # value on which perhaps e.g. datatype checks will be performed
2087 my ($proto_data, $value_type_by_col_idx);
2088 for my $i (@col_range) {
2089 my $colname = $cols->[$i];
2090 if (ref $data->[0][$i] eq 'SCALAR') {
2091 # no bind value at all - no type
2093 $proto_data->{$colname} = $data->[0][$i];
2095 elsif (ref $data->[0][$i] eq 'REF' and ref ${$data->[0][$i]} eq 'ARRAY' ) {
2096 # repack, so we don't end up mangling the original \[]
2097 my ($sql, @bind) = @${$data->[0][$i]};
2099 # normalization of user supplied stuff
2100 my $resolved_bind = $self->_resolve_bindattrs(
2101 $source, \@bind, $colinfos,
2104 # store value-less (attrs only) bind info - we will be comparing all
2105 # supplied binds against this for sanity
2106 $value_type_by_col_idx->{$i} = [ map { $_->[0] } @$resolved_bind ];
2108 $proto_data->{$colname} = \[ $sql, map { [
2109 # inject slice order to use for $proto_bind construction
2110 { %{$resolved_bind->[$_][0]}, _bind_data_slice_idx => $i, _literal_bind_subindex => $_+1 }
2112 $resolved_bind->[$_][1]
2117 $value_type_by_col_idx->{$i} = undef;
2119 $proto_data->{$colname} = \[ '?', [
2120 { dbic_colname => $colname, _bind_data_slice_idx => $i }
2127 my ($sql, $proto_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute (
2133 if (! @$proto_bind and keys %$value_type_by_col_idx) {
2134 # if the bindlist is empty and we had some dynamic binds, this means the
2135 # storage ate them away (e.g. the NoBindVars component) and interpolated
2136 # them directly into the SQL. This obviously can't be good for multi-inserts
2137 $self->throw_exception('Cannot insert_bulk without support for placeholders');
2141 # FIXME - devise a flag "no babysitting" or somesuch to shut this off
2143 # use an error reporting closure for convenience (less to pass)
2144 my $bad_slice_report_cref = sub {
2145 my ($msg, $r_idx, $c_idx) = @_;
2146 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for column '%s' in populate slice:\n%s",
2150 require Data::Dumper::Concise;
2151 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 5;
2152 Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper ({
2153 map { $cols->[$_] =>
2161 for my $col_idx (@col_range) {
2162 my $reference_val = $data->[0][$col_idx];
2164 for my $row_idx (1..$#$data) { # we are comparing against what we got from [0] above, hence start from 1
2165 my $val = $data->[$row_idx][$col_idx];
2167 if (! exists $value_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx}) { # literal no binds
2168 if (ref $val ne 'SCALAR') {
2169 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2170 "Incorrect value (expecting SCALAR-ref \\'$$reference_val')",
2175 elsif ($$val ne $$reference_val) {
2176 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2177 "Inconsistent literal SQL value (expecting \\'$$reference_val')",
2183 elsif (! defined $value_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx} ) { # regular non-literal value
2184 if (ref $val eq 'SCALAR' or (ref $val eq 'REF' and ref $$val eq 'ARRAY') ) {
2185 $bad_slice_report_cref->("Literal SQL found where a plain bind value is expected", $row_idx, $col_idx);
2188 else { # binds from a \[], compare type and attrs
2189 if (ref $val ne 'REF' or ref $$val ne 'ARRAY') {
2190 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2191 "Incorrect value (expecting ARRAYREF-ref \\['${$reference_val}->[0]', ... ])",
2196 # start drilling down and bail out early on identical refs
2198 $reference_val != $val
2200 $$reference_val != $$val
2202 if (${$val}->[0] ne ${$reference_val}->[0]) {
2203 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2204 "Inconsistent literal/bind SQL (expecting \\['${$reference_val}->[0]', ... ])",
2209 # need to check the bind attrs - a bind will happen only once for
2210 # the entire dataset, so any changes further down will be ignored.
2211 elsif (! Data::Compare::Compare(
2212 $value_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx},
2216 @{$self->_resolve_bindattrs(
2217 $source, [ @{$$val}[1 .. $#$$val] ], $colinfos,
2221 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2222 'Differing bind attributes on literal/bind values not supported',
2232 # neither _dbh_execute_for_fetch, nor _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds
2233 # are atomic (even if execute_for_fetch is a single call). Thus a safety
2235 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
2237 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$proto_bind ? [[undef => '__BULK_INSERT__' ]] : () );
2238 my $sth = $self->_prepare_sth($self->_dbh, $sql);
2241 # proto bind contains the information on which pieces of $data to pull
2242 # $cols is passed in only for prettier error-reporting
2243 $self->_dbh_execute_for_fetch( $source, $sth, $proto_bind, $cols, $data );
2246 # bind_param_array doesn't work if there are no binds
2247 $self->_dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds( $sth, scalar @$data );
2251 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$proto_bind ? [[ undef => '__BULK_INSERT__' ]] : () );
2255 return wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$proto_bind) : $rv;
2258 # execute_for_fetch is capable of returning data just fine (it means it
2259 # can be used for INSERT...RETURNING and UPDATE...RETURNING. Since this
2260 # is the void-populate fast-path we will just ignore this altogether
2261 # for the time being.
2262 sub _dbh_execute_for_fetch {
2263 my ($self, $source, $sth, $proto_bind, $cols, $data) = @_;
2265 my @idx_range = ( 0 .. $#$proto_bind );
2267 # If we have any bind attributes to take care of, we will bind the
2268 # proto-bind data (which will never be used by execute_for_fetch)
2269 # However since column bindtypes are "sticky", this is sufficient
2270 # to get the DBD to apply the bindtype to all values later on
2272 my $bind_attrs = $self->_dbi_attrs_for_bind($source, $proto_bind);
2274 for my $i (@idx_range) {
2276 $i+1, # DBI bind indexes are 1-based
2277 $proto_bind->[$i][1],
2279 ) if defined $bind_attrs->[$i];
2282 # At this point $data slots named in the _bind_data_slice_idx of
2283 # each piece of $proto_bind are either \[]s or plain values to be
2284 # passed in. Construct the dispensing coderef. *NOTE* the order
2285 # of $data will differ from this of the ?s in the SQL (due to
2286 # alphabetical ordering by colname). We actually do want to
2287 # preserve this behavior so that prepare_cached has a better
2288 # chance of matching on unrelated calls
2290 my $fetch_row_idx = -1; # saner loop this way
2291 my $fetch_tuple = sub {
2292 return undef if ++$fetch_row_idx > $#$data;
2294 return [ map { defined $_->{_literal_bind_subindex}
2295 ? ${ $data->[ $fetch_row_idx ]->[ $_->{_bind_data_slice_idx} ]}
2296 ->[ $_->{_literal_bind_subindex} ]
2298 : $data->[ $fetch_row_idx ]->[ $_->{_bind_data_slice_idx} ]
2299 } map { $_->[0] } @$proto_bind];
2302 my $tuple_status = [];
2305 $rv = $sth->execute_for_fetch(
2314 # Not all DBDs are create equal. Some throw on error, some return
2315 # an undef $rv, and some set $sth->err - try whatever we can
2316 $err = ($sth->errstr || 'UNKNOWN ERROR ($sth->errstr is unset)') if (
2319 ( !defined $rv or $sth->err )
2322 # Statement must finish even if there was an exception.
2327 $err = shift unless defined $err
2332 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
2334 $self->throw_exception("Unexpected populate error: $err")
2335 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
2337 require Data::Dumper::Concise;
2338 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "execute_for_fetch() aborted with '%s' at populate slice:\n%s",
2339 ($tuple_status->[$i][1] || $err),
2340 Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper( { map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols) } ),
2347 sub _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds {
2348 my ($self, $sth, $count) = @_;
2352 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2353 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2354 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2356 $sth->execute foreach 1..$count;
2362 # Make sure statement is finished even if there was an exception.
2367 $err = shift unless defined $err;
2370 $self->throw_exception($err) if defined $err;
2376 #my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
2377 shift->_execute('update', @_);
2382 #my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
2383 shift->_execute('delete', @_);
2388 $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
2391 sub _select_args_to_query {
2394 $self->throw_exception(
2395 "Unable to generate limited query representation with 'software_limit' enabled"
2396 ) if ($_[3]->{software_limit} and ($_[3]->{offset} or $_[3]->{rows}) );
2398 # my ($op, $ident, $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset)
2399 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
2400 my ($op, $ident, @args) =
2401 $self->_select_args(@_);
2403 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_gen_sql_bind($op, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset ]);
2404 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_gen_sql_bind($op, $ident, \@args);
2406 # reuse the bind arrayref
2407 unshift @{$bind}, "($sql)";
2412 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $orig_attrs) = @_;
2414 # FIXME - that kind of caching would be nice to have
2415 # however currently we *may* pass the same $orig_attrs
2416 # with different ident/select/where
2417 # the whole interface needs to be rethought, since it
2418 # was centered around the flawed SQLA API. We can do
2419 # soooooo much better now. But that is also another
2422 # 'select', $orig_attrs->{!args_as_stored_at_the_end_of_this_method!}
2423 #) if $orig_attrs->{!args_as_stored_at_the_end_of_this_method!};
2425 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
2426 my $alias2source = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
2434 # limit dialects use this stuff
2435 # yes, some CDBICompat crap does not supply an {alias} >.<
2436 ( $orig_attrs->{alias} and $alias2source->{$orig_attrs->{alias}} )
2437 ? ( _rsroot_rsrc => $alias2source->{$orig_attrs->{alias}} )
2442 # Sanity check the attributes (SQLMaker does it too, but
2443 # in case of a software_limit we'll never reach there)
2444 if (defined $attrs->{offset}) {
2445 $self->throw_exception('A supplied offset attribute must be a non-negative integer')
2446 if ( $attrs->{offset} =~ /\D/ or $attrs->{offset} < 0 );
2449 if (defined $attrs->{rows}) {
2450 $self->throw_exception("The rows attribute must be a positive integer if present")
2451 if ( $attrs->{rows} =~ /\D/ or $attrs->{rows} <= 0 );
2453 elsif ($attrs->{offset}) {
2454 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
2455 $attrs->{rows} = $sql_maker->__max_int;
2458 # see if we will need to tear the prefetch apart to satisfy group_by == select
2459 # this is *extremely tricky* to get right, I am still not sure I did
2461 my ($prefetch_needs_subquery, @limit_args);
2463 if ( $attrs->{_grouped_by_distinct} and $attrs->{collapse} ) {
2464 # we already know there is a valid group_by (we made it) and we know it is
2465 # intended to be based *only* on non-multi stuff
2466 # short circuit the group_by parsing below
2467 $prefetch_needs_subquery = 1;
2470 # The rationale is that even if we do *not* have collapse, we still
2471 # need to wrap the core grouped select/group_by in a subquery
2472 # so that databases that care about group_by/select equivalence
2473 # are happy (this includes MySQL in strict_mode)
2474 # If any of the other joined tables are referenced in the group_by
2475 # however - the user is on their own
2476 ( $prefetch_needs_subquery or $attrs->{_related_results_construction} )
2480 @{$attrs->{group_by}}
2482 my $grp_aliases = try { # try{} because $attrs->{from} may be unreadable
2483 $self->_resolve_aliastypes_from_select_args({ from => $attrs->{from}, group_by => $attrs->{group_by} })
2486 # no aliases other than our own in group_by
2487 # if there are - do not allow subquery even if limit is present
2488 $prefetch_needs_subquery = ! scalar grep { $_ ne $attrs->{alias} } keys %{ $grp_aliases->{grouping} || {} };
2490 elsif ( $attrs->{rows} && $attrs->{collapse} ) {
2491 # active collapse with a limit - that one is a no-brainer unless
2492 # overruled by a group_by above
2493 $prefetch_needs_subquery = 1;
2496 if ($prefetch_needs_subquery) {
2497 $attrs = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($attrs);
2499 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
2501 $attrs->{rows} || (),
2502 $attrs->{offset} || (),
2506 # try to simplify the joinmap further (prune unreferenced type-single joins)
2508 ! $prefetch_needs_subquery # already pruned
2512 reftype $attrs->{from} eq 'ARRAY'
2514 @{$attrs->{from}} != 1
2516 ($attrs->{from}, $attrs->{_aliastypes}) = $self->_prune_unused_joins ($attrs);
2519 # FIXME this is a gross, inefficient, largely incorrect and fragile hack
2520 # during the result inflation stage we *need* to know what was the aliastype
2521 # map as sqla saw it when the final pieces of SQL were being assembled
2522 # Originally we simply carried around the entirety of $attrs, but this
2523 # resulted in resultsets that are being reused growing continuously, as
2524 # the hash in question grew deeper and deeper.
2525 # Instead hand-pick what to take with us here (we actually don't need much
2526 # at this point just the map itself)
2527 $orig_attrs->{_last_sqlmaker_alias_map} = $attrs->{_aliastypes};
2530 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $attrs->{where}
2531 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
2532 # expect a result object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
2533 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
2535 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
2536 # invoked, and that's just bad...
2539 return ( 'select', @{$attrs}{qw(from select where)}, $attrs, @limit_args );
2542 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
2543 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
2544 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
2545 # sense as a performance optimization
2547 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
2548 return { count => '*' };
2555 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
2559 Handle a SQL select statement.
2565 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
2566 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
2571 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
2572 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2573 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
2574 if(@row && @nextrow) {
2575 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
2577 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
2582 =head2 sql_limit_dialect
2584 This is an accessor for the default SQL limit dialect used by a particular
2585 storage driver. Can be overridden by supplying an explicit L</limit_dialect>
2586 to L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>. For a list of available limit dialects
2587 see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
2591 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
2592 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
2594 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
2598 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
2599 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
2601 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
2603 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
2604 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
2605 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
2606 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
2607 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
2608 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
2610 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
2615 return \%result if !$caught && scalar keys %result;
2619 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
2621 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
2622 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
2624 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
2625 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
2626 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
2628 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
2629 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
2630 $column_info{size} = $2;
2633 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
2637 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
2638 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
2639 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
2641 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
2642 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
2643 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
2644 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
2651 sub columns_info_for {
2652 my ($self, $table) = @_;
2653 $self->_dbh_columns_info_for ($self->_get_dbh, $table);
2656 =head2 last_insert_id
2658 Return the row id of the last insert.
2662 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
2663 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
2665 my $id = try { $dbh->last_insert_id (undef, undef, $source->name, $col) };
2667 return $id if defined $id;
2669 my $class = ref $self;
2670 $self->throw_exception ("No storage specific _dbh_last_insert_id() method implemented in $class, and the generic DBI::last_insert_id() failed");
2673 sub last_insert_id {
2675 $self->_dbh_last_insert_id ($self->_dbh, @_);
2678 =head2 _native_data_type
2682 =item Arguments: $type_name
2686 This API is B<EXPERIMENTAL>, will almost definitely change in the future, and
2687 currently only used by L<::AutoCast|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::AutoCast> and
2688 L<::Sybase::ASE|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Sybase::ASE>.
2690 The default implementation returns C<undef>, implement in your Storage driver if
2691 you need this functionality.
2693 Should map types from other databases to the native RDBMS type, for example
2694 C<VARCHAR2> to C<VARCHAR>.
2696 Types with modifiers should map to the underlying data type. For example,
2697 C<INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT> should become C<INTEGER>.
2699 Composite types should map to the container type, for example
2700 C<ENUM(foo,bar,baz)> becomes C<ENUM>.
2704 sub _native_data_type {
2705 #my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2709 # Check if placeholders are supported at all
2710 sub _determine_supports_placeholders {
2712 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2714 # some drivers provide a $dbh attribute (e.g. Sybase and $dbh->{syb_dynamic_supported})
2715 # but it is inaccurate more often than not
2717 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2718 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2719 $dbh->do('select ?', {}, 1);
2727 # Check if placeholders bound to non-string types throw exceptions
2729 sub _determine_supports_typeless_placeholders {
2731 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2734 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2735 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2736 # this specifically tests a bind that is NOT a string
2737 $dbh->do('select 1 where 1 = ?', {}, 1);
2747 Returns the database driver name.
2752 shift->_get_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
2755 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2757 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2758 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2759 let the database planner just handle it.
2761 This method is always called after the driver has been determined and a DBI
2762 connection has been established. Therefore you can refer to C<DBI::$constant>
2763 and/or C<DBD::$driver::$constant> directly, without worrying about loading
2764 the correct modules.
2768 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2772 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2774 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2775 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2776 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2777 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2778 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2782 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2783 #my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2785 return 0 unless $_[1];
2788 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2793 =head2 create_ddl_dir
2797 =item Arguments: $schema, \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2801 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2802 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2803 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2805 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2806 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2807 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2808 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2810 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2811 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2812 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2813 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2815 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2816 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2817 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2818 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_identifiers>.
2820 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2824 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2826 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2828 =item directory - './'
2830 =item preversion - <none>
2834 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2836 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2838 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2839 hashref like the following
2841 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2844 WARNING: You are strongly advised to check all SQL files created, before applying
2849 sub create_ddl_dir {
2850 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
2853 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
2858 (require File::Path and File::Path::mkpath (["$dir"])) # mkpath does not like objects (i.e. Path::Class::Dir)
2860 $self->throw_exception(
2861 "Failed to create '$dir': " . ($! || $@ || 'error unknown')
2865 $self->throw_exception ("Directory '$dir' does not exist\n") unless(-d $dir);
2867 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
2868 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
2870 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2871 $version ||= $schema_version;
2874 add_drop_table => 1,
2875 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
2876 ignore_index_names => 1,
2880 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy')) {
2881 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
2884 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
2886 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
2887 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
2888 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
2890 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
2892 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
2893 $sqlt->producer($db);
2896 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
2897 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
2898 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
2899 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
2903 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
2905 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
2908 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
2909 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
2912 print $file $output;
2915 next unless ($preversion);
2917 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
2919 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
2920 if(!-e $prefilename) {
2921 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
2925 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
2927 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
2933 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2938 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2940 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
2941 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2943 $source_schema = $t->schema;
2945 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
2946 unless ( $source_schema->name );
2949 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
2950 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
2951 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
2952 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
2954 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
2955 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2960 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2962 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
2963 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2965 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
2967 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
2968 unless $dest_schema->name;
2971 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
2975 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
2976 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
2984 =head2 deployment_statements
2988 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
2992 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
2994 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
2995 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
2997 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
2998 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
2999 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
3001 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
3002 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
3004 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
3008 sub deployment_statements {
3009 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
3010 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
3011 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
3013 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
3016 # FIXME replace this block when a proper sane sql parser is available
3018 open($file, "<$filename")
3019 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
3022 return join('', @rows);
3025 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy') ) {
3026 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without a ddl_dir or " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
3029 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicity allow at top level
3031 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
3032 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
3034 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(
3035 producer => "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}",
3037 parser => 'SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class',
3041 return preserve_context {
3044 $self->throw_exception( 'Unable to produce deployment statements: ' . $tr->error)
3045 unless defined $_[0];
3049 # FIXME deploy() currently does not accurately report sql errors
3050 # Will always return true while errors are warned
3052 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
3056 return if($line =~ /^--/);
3057 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
3058 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
3059 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
3060 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
3061 $self->_query_start($line);
3063 # do a dbh_do cycle here, as we need some error checking in
3064 # place (even though we will ignore errors)
3065 $self->dbh_do (sub { $_[1]->do($line) });
3067 carp qq{$_ (running "${line}")};
3069 $self->_query_end($line);
3071 my @statements = $schema->deployment_statements($type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
3072 if (@statements > 1) {
3073 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
3074 $deploy->( $statement );
3077 elsif (@statements == 1) {
3078 # split on single line comments and end of statements
3079 foreach my $line ( split(/\s*--.*\n|;\n/, $statements[0])) {
3085 =head2 datetime_parser
3087 Returns the datetime parser class
3091 sub datetime_parser {
3093 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
3094 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
3098 =head2 datetime_parser_type
3100 Defines the datetime parser class - currently defaults to L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
3102 =head2 build_datetime_parser
3104 See L</datetime_parser>
3108 sub build_datetime_parser {
3110 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
3115 =head2 is_replicating
3117 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
3118 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
3119 returned by databases that don't support replication.
3123 sub is_replicating {
3128 =head2 lag_behind_master
3130 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
3131 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
3132 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
3136 sub lag_behind_master {
3140 =head2 relname_to_table_alias
3144 =item Arguments: $relname, $join_count
3146 =item Return Value: $alias
3150 L<DBIx::Class> uses L<DBIx::Class::Relationship> names as table aliases in
3153 This hook is to allow specific L<DBIx::Class::Storage> drivers to change the
3154 way these aliases are named.
3156 The default behavior is C<< "$relname_$join_count" if $join_count > 1 >>,
3157 otherwise C<"$relname">.
3161 sub relname_to_table_alias {
3162 my ($self, $relname, $join_count) = @_;
3164 my $alias = ($join_count && $join_count > 1 ?
3165 join('_', $relname, $join_count) : $relname);
3170 # The size in bytes to use for DBI's ->bind_param_inout, this is the generic
3171 # version and it may be necessary to amend or override it for a specific storage
3172 # if such binds are necessary.
3173 sub _max_column_bytesize {
3174 my ($self, $attr) = @_;
3178 if ($attr->{sqlt_datatype}) {
3179 my $data_type = lc($attr->{sqlt_datatype});
3181 if ($attr->{sqlt_size}) {
3183 # String/sized-binary types
3184 if ($data_type =~ /^(?:
3185 l? (?:var)? char(?:acter)? (?:\s*varying)?
3187 (?:var)? binary (?:\s*varying)?
3192 $max_size = $attr->{sqlt_size};
3194 # Other charset/unicode types, assume scale of 4
3195 elsif ($data_type =~ /^(?:
3196 national \s* character (?:\s*varying)?
3205 $max_size = $attr->{sqlt_size} * 4;
3209 if (!$max_size and !$self->_is_lob_type($data_type)) {
3210 $max_size = 100 # for all other (numeric?) datatypes
3214 $max_size || $self->_dbic_connect_attributes->{LongReadLen} || $self->_get_dbh->{LongReadLen} || 8000;
3217 # Determine if a data_type is some type of BLOB
3219 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3220 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /lob|bfile|text|image|bytea|memo/i
3221 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:raw|bit\s*varying|varbit|binary
3222 |varchar|character\s*varying|nvarchar
3223 |national\s*character\s*varying))?\z/xi);
3226 sub _is_binary_lob_type {
3227 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3228 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /blob|bfile|image|bytea/i
3229 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:raw|bit\s*varying|varbit|binary))?\z/xi);
3232 sub _is_text_lob_type {
3233 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3234 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /^(?:clob|memo)\z/i
3235 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:varchar|character\s*varying|nvarchar
3236 |national\s*character\s*varying))\z/xi);
3239 # Determine if a data_type is some type of a binary type
3240 sub _is_binary_type {
3241 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3242 $data_type && ($self->_is_binary_lob_type($data_type)
3243 || $data_type =~ /(?:var)?(?:binary|bit|graphic)(?:\s*varying)?/i);
3250 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
3252 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
3253 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
3254 (the default) combined with L<txn_do|DBIx::Class::Storage/txn_do> for
3255 transaction support.
3257 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
3258 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
3259 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
3260 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
3261 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
3262 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
3263 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
3267 =head1 AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS
3269 See L<AUTHOR|DBIx::Class/AUTHOR> and L<CONTRIBUTORS|DBIx::Class/CONTRIBUTORS> in DBIx::Class
3273 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.