1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Storage::DBIHacks DBIx::Class::Storage/;
10 use DBIx::Class::Carp;
11 use Scalar::Util qw/refaddr weaken reftype blessed/;
12 use List::Util qw/first/;
13 use Context::Preserve 'preserve_context';
15 use SQL::Abstract qw(is_plain_value is_literal_value);
16 use DBIx::Class::_Util qw(
17 quote_sub perlstring serialize dump_value
19 detected_reinvoked_destructor scope_guard
24 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
25 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
27 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/
28 sql_limit_dialect sql_quote_char sql_name_sep
31 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('component_class' => qw/sql_maker_class datetime_parser_type/);
33 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLMaker');
34 __PACKAGE__->datetime_parser_type('DateTime::Format::MySQL'); # historic default
36 __PACKAGE__->sql_name_sep('.');
38 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => qw/
39 _connect_info _dbic_connect_attributes _driver_determined
40 _dbh _dbh_details _conn_pid _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts _dbh_autocommit
41 _perform_autoinc_retrieval _autoinc_supplied_for_op
44 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
45 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
46 my @storage_options = qw/
47 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
48 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
50 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
53 # capability definitions, using a 2-tiered accessor system
56 # A driver/user may define _use_X, which blindly without any checks says:
57 # "(do not) use this capability", (use_dbms_capability is an "inherited"
60 # If _use_X is undef, _supports_X is then queried. This is a "simple" style
61 # accessor, which in turn calls _determine_supports_X, and stores the return
62 # in a special slot on the storage object, which is wiped every time a $dbh
63 # reconnection takes place (it is not guaranteed that upon reconnection we
64 # will get the same rdbms version). _determine_supports_X does not need to
65 # exist on a driver, as we ->can for it before calling.
67 my @capabilities = (qw/
69 insert_returning_bound
78 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( dbms_capability => map { "_supports_$_" } @capabilities );
79 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( use_dbms_capability => map { "_use_$_" } (@capabilities ) );
81 # on by default, not strictly a capability (pending rewrite)
82 __PACKAGE__->_use_join_optimizer (1);
83 sub _determine_supports_join_optimizer { 1 };
85 # Each of these methods need _determine_driver called before itself
86 # in order to function reliably. We also need to separate accessors
87 # from plain old method calls, since an accessor called as a setter
88 # does *not* need the driver determination loop fired (and in fact
89 # can produce hard to find bugs, like e.g. losing on_connect_*
90 # semantics on fresh connections)
92 # The construct below is simply a parameterized around()
93 my $storage_accessor_idx = { map { $_ => 1 } qw(
100 for my $meth (keys %$storage_accessor_idx, qw(
101 deployment_statements
103 build_datetime_parser
115 with_deferred_fk_checks
117 get_use_dbms_capability
124 my $orig = __PACKAGE__->can ($meth)
125 or die "$meth is not a ::Storage::DBI method!";
127 my $possibly_a_setter = $storage_accessor_idx->{$meth} ? 1 : 0;
130 __PACKAGE__ ."::$meth", sprintf( <<'EOC', $possibly_a_setter, perlstring $meth ), { '$orig' => \$orig };
133 # if this is an actual *setter* - just set it, no need to connect
134 # and determine the driver
137 # only fire when invoked on an instance, a valid class-based invocation
138 # would e.g. be setting a default for an inherited accessor
141 ! $_[0]->{_driver_determined}
143 ! $_[0]->{_in_determine_driver}
145 # Only try to determine stuff if we have *something* that either is or can
146 # provide a DSN. Allows for bare $schema's generated with a plain ->connect()
147 # to still be marginally useful
148 $_[0]->_dbi_connect_info->[0]
150 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
152 # work around http://rt.perl.org/rt3/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=35878
153 goto $_[0]->can(%2$s) unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_GOTO;
155 my $cref = $_[0]->can(%2$s);
165 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
169 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
171 $schema->storage->debug(1);
173 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
175 my ($storage, $dbh, @args) = @_;
176 $dbh->do("DROP TABLE authors");
181 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
182 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser->format_datetime(DateTime->now)
187 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
188 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
189 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
196 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
198 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
199 $new->_dbh_details({});
200 $new->{_in_do_block} = 0;
202 # read below to see what this does
203 $new->_arm_global_destructor;
208 # This is hack to work around perl shooting stuff in random
209 # order on exit(). If we do not walk the remaining storage
210 # objects in an END block, there is a *small but real* chance
211 # of a fork()ed child to kill the parent's shared DBI handle,
212 # *before perl reaches the DESTROY in this package*
213 # Yes, it is ugly and effective.
214 # Additionally this registry is used by the CLONE method to
215 # make sure no handles are shared between threads
217 my %seek_and_destroy;
219 sub _arm_global_destructor {
221 # quick "garbage collection" pass - prevents the registry
222 # from slowly growing with a bunch of undef-valued keys
223 defined $seek_and_destroy{$_} or delete $seek_and_destroy{$_}
224 for keys %seek_and_destroy;
227 $seek_and_destroy{ refaddr($_[0]) } = $_[0]
230 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
231 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
232 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
239 ! DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK
241 my @instances = grep { defined $_ } values %seek_and_destroy
243 local $?; # just in case the DBI destructor changes it somehow
245 # disarm the handle if not native to this process (see comment on top)
246 $_->_verify_pid for @instances;
249 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
250 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
251 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
256 # As per DBI's recommendation, DBIC disconnects all handles as
257 # soon as possible (DBIC will reconnect only on demand from within
259 my @instances = grep { defined $_ } values %seek_and_destroy;
260 %seek_and_destroy = ();
266 # properly renumber existing refs
267 $_->_arm_global_destructor
270 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
271 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
272 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
278 return if &detected_reinvoked_destructor;
280 $_[0]->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
282 # some databases spew warnings on implicit disconnect
283 return unless defined $_[0]->_dbh;
285 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
287 # not calling ->disconnect here - we are being destroyed - nothing to reset
289 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
290 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
291 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
295 # handle pid changes correctly - do not destroy parent's connection
298 my $pid = $_[0]->_conn_pid;
300 if( defined $pid and $pid != $$ and my $dbh = $_[0]->_dbh ) {
301 $dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
306 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
307 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
308 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
314 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
315 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
317 The argument list may contain:
323 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
324 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
325 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
326 recognized by DBIx::Class:
328 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
332 A single code reference which returns a connected
333 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
334 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
337 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
341 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
344 $connect_info_args = [{
352 $connect_info_args = [{
353 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect (...) },
358 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
359 following config (L<Config::General> style):
364 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
371 The C<dsn>/C<user>/C<password> combination can be substituted by the
372 C<dbh_maker> key whose value is a coderef that returns a connected
373 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
377 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
378 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
379 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
380 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
381 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
382 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
384 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
386 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES COMMON TO ALL HANDLES>
387 L<connection|DBI/Database Handle Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
388 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
389 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a separate hashref
390 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
392 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
393 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
394 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
401 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
402 the database. Its value may contain:
408 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
410 =item an array reference
412 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
413 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
415 =item a code reference
417 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
418 array reference, its return value is ignored.
422 =item on_disconnect_do
424 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
425 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
427 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
430 =item on_connect_call
432 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
433 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
435 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
439 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
441 Its values may contain:
447 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
449 =item a code reference
451 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
453 =item an array reference
455 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
457 =item an array of arrays
459 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
460 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
464 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
470 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
471 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
479 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
483 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
484 attributes hashref and bind values.
486 =item a code reference
488 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
495 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
496 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
497 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
499 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
500 implementation details.
504 =item on_disconnect_call
506 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
507 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
509 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
510 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
512 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
515 =item disable_sth_caching
517 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
518 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
522 Sets a specific SQL::Abstract::Limit-style limit dialect, overriding the
523 default L</sql_limit_dialect> setting of the storage (if any). For a list
524 of available limit dialects see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
528 When true automatically sets L</quote_char> and L</name_sep> to the characters
529 appropriate for your particular RDBMS. This option is preferred over specifying
530 L</quote_char> directly.
534 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names.
536 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
537 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
538 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
540 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
541 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
545 This parameter is only useful in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
546 specify the character that separates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
547 each other. If unspecified it defaults to the most commonly used C<.>.
551 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
552 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
553 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
554 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
556 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
557 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
558 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
559 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
561 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
562 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
563 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
567 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
568 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
569 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
573 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
574 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
578 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
579 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
581 # Simple SQLite connection
582 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
585 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
587 # Connect via subref in hashref
589 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect(...) },
590 on_connect_do => 'alter session ...',
593 # A bit more complicated
600 { quote_char => q{"} },
604 # Equivalent to the previous example
610 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
614 # Same, but with hashref as argument
615 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
618 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
620 password => 'my_pg_password',
627 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
630 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
634 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
635 disable_sth_caching => 1,
645 my ($self, $info) = @_;
647 return $self->_connect_info if !$info;
649 $self->_connect_info($info); # copy for _connect_info
651 $info = $self->_normalize_connect_info($info)
652 if ref $info eq 'ARRAY';
655 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
656 %{ $info->{attributes} || {} },
659 my @args = @{ $info->{arguments} };
661 if (keys %attrs and ref $args[0] ne 'CODE') {
663 'You provided explicit AutoCommit => 0 in your connection_info. '
664 . 'This is almost universally a bad idea (see the footnotes of '
665 . 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI for more info). If you still want to '
666 . 'do this you can set $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK} to disable '
668 ) if ! $attrs{AutoCommit} and ! $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK};
670 push @args, \%attrs if keys %attrs;
673 # this is the authoritative "always an arrayref" thing fed to DBI->connect
674 # OR a single-element coderef-based $dbh factory
675 $self->_dbi_connect_info(\@args);
677 # extract the individual storage options
678 for my $storage_opt (keys %{ $info->{storage_options} }) {
679 my $value = $info->{storage_options}{$storage_opt};
681 $self->$storage_opt($value);
684 # Extract the individual sqlmaker options
686 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
687 # the new set of options
688 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
689 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
691 for my $sql_maker_opt (keys %{ $info->{sql_maker_options} }) {
692 my $value = $info->{sql_maker_options}{$sql_maker_opt};
694 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $value;
698 # save attributes in a separate accessor so they are always
699 # introspectable, even in case of a CODE $dbhmaker
700 $self->_dbic_connect_attributes (\%attrs);
702 return $self->_connect_info;
705 sub _dbi_connect_info {
708 return $self->{_dbi_connect_info} = $_[0]
711 my $conninfo = $self->{_dbi_connect_info} || [];
713 # last ditch effort to grab a DSN
714 if ( ! defined $conninfo->[0] and $ENV{DBI_DSN} ) {
715 my @new_conninfo = @$conninfo;
716 $new_conninfo[0] = $ENV{DBI_DSN};
717 $conninfo = \@new_conninfo;
724 sub _normalize_connect_info {
725 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
728 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
730 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
733 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
734 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
737 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
738 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
740 if (my $code = delete $attrs{dbh_maker}) {
743 my @ignored = grep { delete $attrs{$_} } (qw/dsn user password/);
746 'Attribute(s) %s in connect_info were ignored, as they can not be applied '
747 . "to the result of 'dbh_maker'",
749 join (', ', map { "'$_'" } (@ignored) ),
754 @args = delete @attrs{qw/dsn user password/};
757 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
759 % { $args[3] || {} },
760 % { $args[4] || {} },
762 @args = @args[0,1,2];
765 $info{arguments} = \@args;
767 my @storage_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
768 @storage_options, 'cursor_class';
770 @{ $info{storage_options} }{@storage_opts} =
771 delete @attrs{@storage_opts} if @storage_opts;
773 my @sql_maker_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
774 qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep quote_names/;
776 @{ $info{sql_maker_options} }{@sql_maker_opts} =
777 delete @attrs{@sql_maker_opts} if @sql_maker_opts;
779 $info{attributes} = \%attrs if %attrs;
784 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes () {
789 ShowErrorStatement => 1,
795 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
799 =head2 on_disconnect_do
801 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
805 sub _parse_connect_do {
806 my ($self, $type) = @_;
808 my $val = $self->$type;
809 return () if not defined $val;
814 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
815 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
817 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
818 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
820 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
828 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
830 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
831 connection management.
833 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
834 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
835 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
837 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
838 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
840 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
841 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
842 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
846 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
848 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
849 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
850 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
859 my $run_target = shift; # either a coderef or a method name
861 # short circuit when we know there is no need for a runner
863 # FIXME - assumption may be wrong
864 # the rationale for the txn_depth check is that if this block is a part
865 # of a larger transaction, everything up to that point is screwed anyway
866 return $self->$run_target($self->_get_dbh, @_)
867 if $self->{_in_do_block} or $self->transaction_depth;
869 # take a ref instead of a copy, to preserve @_ aliasing
870 # semantics within the coderef, but only if needed
871 # (pseudoforking doesn't like this trick much)
872 my $args = @_ ? \@_ : [];
874 DBIx::Class::Storage::BlockRunner->new(
877 retry_handler => sub {
878 $_[0]->failed_attempt_count == 1
880 ! $_[0]->storage->connected
883 $self->$run_target ($self->_get_dbh, @$args )
888 $_[0]->_get_dbh; # connects or reconnects on pid change, necessary to grab correct txn_depth
889 shift->next::method(@_);
894 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
895 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
902 # this physical disconnect below might very well throw
903 # in order to unambiguously reset the state - do the cleanup in guard
905 my $g = scope_guard {
907 defined( $self->_dbh )
908 and dbic_internal_try { $self->_dbh->disconnect };
911 $self->_dbh_details({});
912 $self->transaction_depth(undef);
913 $self->_dbh_autocommit(undef);
914 $self->savepoints([]);
916 # FIXME - this needs reenabling with the proper "no reset on same DSN" check
917 #$self->_sql_maker(undef); # this may also end up being different
922 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for (
923 ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () ),
924 $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do')
927 # stops the "implicit rollback on disconnect" warning
928 $self->_exec_txn_rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
931 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
932 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
933 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
937 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
941 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
943 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
947 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
948 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
952 # Storage subclasses should override this
953 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
954 #my ($self, $sub) = @_;
962 =item Arguments: none
964 =item Return Value: 1|0
968 Verifies that the current database handle is active and ready to execute
969 an SQL statement (e.g. the connection did not get stale, server is still
970 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
975 return 0 unless $_[0]->_seems_connected;
978 local $_[0]->_dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
983 sub _seems_connected {
984 $_[0]->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
988 $_[0]->_dbh->FETCH('Active')
992 # explicitly reset all state
998 ($_[0]->_dbh || return 0)->ping;
1001 sub ensure_connected {
1002 $_[0]->connected || ( $_[0]->_populate_dbh && 1 );
1007 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
1008 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
1009 necessary performing a reconnection before returning. Keep in mind that this
1010 is very B<expensive> on some database engines. Consider using L</dbh_do>
1016 # maybe save a ping call
1018 ? ( $_[0]->ensure_connected and $_[0]->_dbh )
1019 : $_[0]->_populate_dbh
1023 # this is the internal "get dbh or connect (don't check)" method
1025 $_[0]->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
1026 $_[0]->_dbh || $_[0]->_populate_dbh;
1029 # *DELIBERATELY* not a setter (for the time being)
1030 # Too intertwined with everything else for any kind of sanity
1034 $self->throw_exception('sql_maker() is not a setter method') if @_;
1036 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
1037 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
1039 my %opts = %{$self->_sql_maker_opts||{}};
1041 $opts{limit_dialect}
1043 $self->sql_limit_dialect
1046 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1048 "Your storage class ($s_class) does not set sql_limit_dialect and you "
1049 . 'have not supplied an explicit limit_dialect in your connection_info. '
1050 . 'DBIC will attempt to use the GenericSubQ dialect, which works on most '
1051 . 'databases but can be (and often is) painfully slow. '
1052 . "Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class'"
1053 ) if $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0];
1059 my ($quote_char, $name_sep);
1061 if ($opts{quote_names}) {
1062 $quote_char = (delete $opts{quote_char}) || $self->sql_quote_char || do {
1063 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1065 "You requested 'quote_names' but your storage class ($s_class) does "
1066 . 'not explicitly define a default sql_quote_char and you have not '
1067 . 'supplied a quote_char as part of your connection_info. DBIC will '
1068 .q{default to the ANSI SQL standard quote '"', which works most of }
1069 . "the time. Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class'."
1075 $name_sep = (delete $opts{name_sep}) || $self->sql_name_sep;
1078 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new(
1079 bindtype=>'columns',
1080 array_datatypes => 1,
1081 limit_dialect => $dialect,
1082 ($quote_char ? (quote_char => $quote_char) : ()),
1083 name_sep => ($name_sep || '.'),
1087 return $self->_sql_maker;
1090 # nothing to do by default
1096 # reset internal states
1097 # also in case ->connected failed we might get sent here
1100 $_[0]->_dbh($_[0]->_connect);
1102 $_[0]->_conn_pid($$) unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK; # on win32 these are in fact threads
1104 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
1106 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
1107 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
1108 $_[0]->transaction_depth( $_[0]->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1 );
1110 $_[0]->_run_connection_actions unless $_[0]->{_in_determine_driver};
1115 sub _run_connection_actions {
1117 $_[0]->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for (
1118 ( $_[0]->on_connect_call || () ),
1119 $_[0]->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do'),
1125 sub set_use_dbms_capability {
1126 $_[0]->set_inherited ($_[1], $_[2]);
1129 sub get_use_dbms_capability {
1130 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1132 my $use = $self->get_inherited ($capname);
1135 : do { $capname =~ s/^_use_/_supports_/; $self->get_dbms_capability ($capname) }
1139 sub set_dbms_capability {
1140 $_[0]->_dbh_details->{capability}{$_[1]} = $_[2];
1143 sub get_dbms_capability {
1144 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1146 my $cap = $self->_dbh_details->{capability}{$capname};
1148 unless (defined $cap) {
1149 if (my $meth = $self->can ("_determine$capname")) {
1150 $cap = $self->$meth ? 1 : 0;
1156 $self->set_dbms_capability ($capname, $cap);
1165 # FIXME - ideally this needs to be an ||= assignment, and the final
1166 # assignment at the end of this do{} should be gone entirely. However
1167 # this confuses CXSA: https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=103296
1168 $self->_dbh_details->{info} || do {
1170 # this guarantees that problematic conninfo won't be hidden
1171 # by the try{} below
1172 $self->ensure_connected;
1176 my $server_version = dbic_internal_try {
1177 $self->_get_server_version
1179 # driver determination *may* use this codepath
1180 # in which case we must rethrow
1181 $self->throw_exception($_) if $self->{_in_determine_driver};
1183 # $server_version on failure
1187 if (defined $server_version) {
1188 $info->{dbms_version} = $server_version;
1190 my ($numeric_version) = $server_version =~ /^([\d\.]+)/;
1191 my @verparts = split (/\./, $numeric_version);
1197 # consider only up to 3 version parts, iff not more than 3 digits
1199 while (@verparts && @use_parts < 3) {
1200 my $p = shift @verparts;
1202 push @use_parts, $p;
1204 push @use_parts, 0 while @use_parts < 3;
1206 $info->{normalized_dbms_version} = sprintf "%d.%03d%03d", @use_parts;
1210 $self->_dbh_details->{info} = $info;
1214 sub _get_server_version {
1215 shift->_dbh_get_info('SQL_DBMS_VER');
1219 my ($self, $info) = @_;
1221 if ($info =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1222 require DBI::Const::GetInfoType;
1223 $info = $DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType{$info};
1224 $self->throw_exception("Info type '$_[1]' not provided by DBI::Const::GetInfoType")
1225 unless defined $info;
1228 $self->_get_dbh->get_info($info);
1231 sub _describe_connection {
1232 require DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn;
1238 $drv = $self->_extract_driver_from_connect_info;
1239 $self->ensure_connected;
1242 $drv = "DBD::$drv" if $drv;
1245 DBIC_DSN => $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0],
1246 DBI_VER => DBI->VERSION,
1247 DBIC_VER => DBIx::Class->VERSION,
1248 DBIC_DRIVER => ref $self,
1251 DBD_VER => dbic_internal_try { $drv->VERSION },
1255 # try to grab data even if we never managed to connect
1256 # will cover us in cases of an oddly broken half-connect
1258 #keys %DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType,
1260 SQL_CURSOR_COMMIT_BEHAVIOR
1261 SQL_CURSOR_ROLLBACK_BEHAVIOR
1262 SQL_CURSOR_SENSITIVITY
1263 SQL_DATA_SOURCE_NAME
1266 SQL_DEFAULT_TXN_ISOLATION
1271 SQL_EXPRESSIONS_IN_ORDERBY
1274 SQL_IDENTIFIER_QUOTE_CHAR
1275 SQL_MAX_CATALOG_NAME_LEN
1276 SQL_MAX_COLUMN_NAME_LEN
1277 SQL_MAX_IDENTIFIER_LEN
1278 SQL_MAX_TABLE_NAME_LEN
1279 SQL_MULTIPLE_ACTIVE_TXN
1280 SQL_MULT_RESULT_SETS
1281 SQL_NEED_LONG_DATA_LEN
1282 SQL_NON_NULLABLE_COLUMNS
1284 SQL_QUALIFIER_NAME_SEPARATOR
1285 SQL_QUOTED_IDENTIFIER_CASE
1287 SQL_TXN_ISOLATION_OPTION
1290 # some drivers barf on things they do not know about instead
1291 # of returning undef
1292 my $v = dbic_internal_try { $self->_dbh_get_info($inf) };
1293 next unless defined $v;
1295 #my $key = sprintf( '%s(%s)', $inf, $DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType{$inf} );
1296 my $expl = DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn::Explain($inf, $v);
1297 $res->{$inf} = DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn::Format($inf, $v) . ( $expl ? " ($expl)" : '' );
1303 sub _determine_driver {
1306 if ((not $self->_driver_determined) && (not $self->{_in_determine_driver})) {
1307 my $started_connected = 0;
1308 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1;
1310 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
1312 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
1313 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1314 $started_connected = 1;
1317 $driver = $self->_extract_driver_from_connect_info;
1321 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
1322 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
1323 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3');
1324 bless $self, $storage_class;
1328 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1329 'This version of DBIC does not yet seem to supply a driver for '
1330 . "your particular RDBMS and/or connection method ('$driver')."
1335 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1336 'Unable to extract a driver name from connect info - this '
1337 . 'should not have happened.'
1342 $self->_driver_determined(1);
1344 Class::C3->reinitialize() if DBIx::Class::_ENV_::OLD_MRO;
1346 if ($self->can('source_bind_attributes')) {
1347 $self->throw_exception(
1348 "Your storage subclass @{[ ref $self ]} provides (or inherits) the method "
1349 . 'source_bind_attributes() for which support has been removed as of Jan 2013. '
1350 . 'If you are not sure how to proceed please contact the development team via '
1351 . DBIx::Class::_ENV_::HELP_URL
1355 $self->_init; # run driver-specific initializations
1357 $self->_run_connection_actions
1358 if !$started_connected && defined $self->_dbh;
1362 sub _extract_driver_from_connect_info {
1367 # if connect_info is a CODEREF, we have no choice but to connect
1369 ref $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0]
1371 reftype $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1373 $self->_populate_dbh;
1374 $drv = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1377 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
1378 # force a connection later in _rebless to determine version
1379 # (dsn may not be supplied at all if all we do is make a mock-schema)
1380 ($drv) = ($self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] || '') =~ /^dbi:([^:]+):/i;
1381 $drv ||= $ENV{DBI_DRIVER};
1387 sub _determine_connector_driver {
1388 my ($self, $conn) = @_;
1390 my $dbtype = $self->_get_rdbms_name;
1393 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1394 'Unable to retrieve RDBMS type (SQL_DBMS_NAME) of the engine behind your '
1395 . "$conn connector - this should not have happened."
1400 $dbtype =~ s/\W/_/gi;
1402 my $subclass = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${conn}::${dbtype}";
1403 return if $self->isa($subclass);
1405 if ($self->load_optional_class($subclass)) {
1406 bless $self, $subclass;
1410 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1411 'This version of DBIC does not yet seem to supply a driver for '
1412 . "your particular RDBMS and/or connection method ('$conn/$dbtype')."
1417 sub _get_rdbms_name { shift->_dbh_get_info('SQL_DBMS_NAME') }
1419 sub _warn_undetermined_driver {
1420 my ($self, $msg) = @_;
1422 carp_once ($msg . ' While we will attempt to continue anyway, the results '
1423 . 'are likely to be underwhelming. Please upgrade DBIC, and if this message '
1424 . "does not go away, file a bugreport including the following info:\n"
1425 . dump_value $self->_describe_connection
1429 sub _do_connection_actions {
1430 my ($self, $method_prefix, $call, @args) = @_;
1433 if (not ref($call)) {
1434 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
1435 $self->$method(@args);
1437 elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
1438 $self->$call(@args);
1440 elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
1441 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
1442 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
1445 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
1449 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
1453 if ( $method_prefix =~ /^connect/ ) {
1454 # this is an on_connect cycle - we can't just throw while leaving
1455 # a handle in an undefined state in our storage object
1456 # kill it with fire and rethrow
1458 $self->disconnect; # the $dbh is gone, but we still need to reset the rest
1459 $self->throw_exception( $_[0] );
1462 carp "Disconnect action failed: $_[0]";
1469 sub connect_call_do_sql {
1471 $self->_do_query(@_);
1474 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
1476 $self->_do_query(@_);
1479 =head2 connect_call_datetime_setup
1481 A no-op stub method, provided so that one can always safely supply the
1482 L<connection option|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
1484 on_connect_call => 'datetime_setup'
1486 This way one does not need to know in advance whether the underlying
1487 storage requires any sort of hand-holding when dealing with calendar
1492 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
1495 my ($self, $action) = @_;
1497 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
1498 $action = $action->($self);
1499 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
1502 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
1503 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
1504 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
1505 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
1506 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
1507 my $sql = shift @do_args;
1508 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
1509 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
1512 $_[0]->_query_start($sql, \@bind);
1513 $_[1]->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
1514 $_[0]->_query_end($sql, \@bind);
1524 my $info = $self->_dbi_connect_info;
1526 $self->throw_exception("You did not provide any connection_info")
1527 unless defined $info->[0];
1529 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
1531 local $DBI::connect_via = 'connect' if $INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL};
1533 # this odd anonymous coderef dereference is in fact really
1534 # necessary to avoid the unwanted effect described in perl5
1537 # in addition the coderef itself can't reside inside the try{} block below
1538 # as it somehow triggers a leak under perl -d
1539 my $dbh_error_handler_installer = sub {
1540 weaken (my $weak_self = $_[0]);
1542 # the coderef is blessed so we can distinguish it from externally
1543 # supplied handles (which must be preserved)
1544 $_[1]->{HandleError} = bless sub {
1546 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1549 # the handler may be invoked by something totally out of
1551 DBIx::Class::Exception->throw("DBI Exception (unhandled by DBIC, ::Schema GCed): $_[0]");
1553 }, '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1557 if(ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE') {
1558 $dbh = $info->[0]->();
1562 $dbh = DBI->connect(@$info);
1565 die $DBI::errstr unless $dbh;
1567 die sprintf ("%s fresh DBI handle with a *false* 'Active' attribute. "
1568 . 'This handle is disconnected as far as DBIC is concerned, and we can '
1570 ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1571 ? "Connection coderef $info->[0] returned a"
1572 : 'DBI->connect($schema->storage->connect_info) resulted in a'
1573 ) unless $dbh->FETCH('Active');
1575 # sanity checks unless asked otherwise
1576 unless ($self->unsafe) {
1578 $self->throw_exception(
1579 'Refusing clobbering of {HandleError} installed on externally supplied '
1580 ."DBI handle $dbh. Either remove the handler or use the 'unsafe' attribute."
1581 ) if $dbh->{HandleError} and ref $dbh->{HandleError} ne '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1583 # Default via _default_dbi_connect_attributes is 1, hence it was an explicit
1584 # request, or an external handle. Complain and set anyway
1585 unless ($dbh->{RaiseError}) {
1586 carp( ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1588 ? "The 'RaiseError' of the externally supplied DBI handle is set to false. "
1589 ."DBIx::Class will toggle it back to true, unless the 'unsafe' connect "
1590 .'attribute has been supplied'
1592 : 'RaiseError => 0 supplied in your connection_info, without an explicit '
1593 .'unsafe => 1. Toggling RaiseError back to true'
1596 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1599 $dbh_error_handler_installer->($self, $dbh);
1603 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: $_")
1606 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1611 # this means we have not yet connected and do not know the AC status
1612 # (e.g. coderef $dbh), need a full-fledged connection check
1613 if (! defined $_[0]->_dbh_autocommit) {
1614 $_[0]->ensure_connected;
1616 # Otherwise simply connect or re-connect on pid changes
1621 shift->next::method(@_);
1624 sub _exec_txn_begin {
1627 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for him, otherwise we need to
1628 # ensure that the $dbh is healthy on BEGIN.
1629 # We do this via ->dbh_do instead of ->dbh, so that the ->dbh "ping"
1630 # will be replaced by a failure of begin_work itself (which will be
1631 # then retried on reconnect)
1632 if ($self->{_in_do_block}) {
1633 $self->_dbh->begin_work;
1635 $self->dbh_do(sub { $_[1]->begin_work });
1642 $self->throw_exception("Unable to txn_commit() on a disconnected storage")
1643 unless $self->_seems_connected;
1645 # esoteric case for folks using external $dbh handles
1646 if (! $self->transaction_depth and ! $self->_dbh->FETCH('AutoCommit') ) {
1647 carp "Storage transaction_depth 0 does not match "
1648 ."false AutoCommit of $self->{_dbh}, attempting COMMIT anyway";
1649 $self->transaction_depth(1);
1652 $self->next::method(@_);
1654 # if AutoCommit is disabled txn_depth never goes to 0
1655 # as a new txn is started immediately on commit
1656 $self->transaction_depth(1) if (
1657 !$self->transaction_depth
1659 defined $self->_dbh_autocommit
1661 ! $self->_dbh_autocommit
1665 sub _exec_txn_commit {
1666 shift->_dbh->commit;
1672 # do a minimal connectivity check due to weird shit like
1673 # https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=62370
1674 $self->throw_exception("lost connection to storage")
1675 unless $self->_seems_connected;
1677 # esoteric case for folks using external $dbh handles
1678 if (! $self->transaction_depth and ! $self->_dbh->FETCH('AutoCommit') ) {
1679 carp "Storage transaction_depth 0 does not match "
1680 ."false AutoCommit of $self->{_dbh}, attempting ROLLBACK anyway";
1681 $self->transaction_depth(1);
1684 $self->next::method(@_);
1686 # if AutoCommit is disabled txn_depth never goes to 0
1687 # as a new txn is started immediately on commit
1688 $self->transaction_depth(1) if (
1689 !$self->transaction_depth
1691 defined $self->_dbh_autocommit
1693 ! $self->_dbh_autocommit
1697 sub _exec_txn_rollback {
1698 shift->_dbh->rollback;
1701 # generate the DBI-specific stubs, which then fallback to ::Storage proper
1702 quote_sub __PACKAGE__ . "::$_" => sprintf (<<'EOS', $_) for qw(svp_begin svp_release svp_rollback);
1703 $_[0]->throw_exception('Unable to %s() on a disconnected storage')
1704 unless $_[0]->_seems_connected;
1705 shift->next::method(@_);
1708 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1709 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1710 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1711 sub _prep_for_execute {
1712 #my ($self, $op, $ident, $args) = @_;
1713 return shift->_gen_sql_bind(@_)
1717 my ($self, $op, $ident, $args) = @_;
1719 my ($colinfos, $from);
1720 if ( blessed($ident) ) {
1721 $from = $ident->from;
1722 $colinfos = $ident->columns_info;
1726 ($sql, @$bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op( ($from || $ident), @$args );
1728 $bind = $self->_resolve_bindattrs(
1729 $ident, [ @{$args->[2]{bind}||[]}, @$bind ], $colinfos
1733 ! $ENV{DBIC_DT_SEARCH_OK}
1742 $_->[1]->isa('DateTime')
1745 carp_unique 'DateTime objects passed to search() are not supported '
1746 . 'properly (InflateColumn::DateTime formats and settings are not '
1747 . 'respected.) See ".. format a DateTime object for searching?" in '
1748 . 'DBIx::Class::Manual::FAQ. To disable this warning for good '
1749 . 'set $ENV{DBIC_DT_SEARCH_OK} to true'
1752 return( $sql, $bind );
1755 sub _resolve_bindattrs {
1756 my ($self, $ident, $bind, $colinfos) = @_;
1758 my $resolve_bindinfo = sub {
1759 #my $infohash = shift;
1761 $colinfos ||= { %{ $self->_resolve_column_info($ident) } };
1764 if (my $col = $_[0]->{dbic_colname}) {
1765 $ret = { %{$_[0]} };
1767 $ret->{sqlt_datatype} ||= $colinfos->{$col}{data_type}
1768 if $colinfos->{$col}{data_type};
1770 $ret->{sqlt_size} ||= $colinfos->{$col}{size}
1771 if $colinfos->{$col}{size};
1778 ( ref $_ ne 'ARRAY' or @$_ != 2 ) ? [ {}, $_ ]
1779 : ( ! defined $_->[0] ) ? [ {}, $_->[1] ]
1780 : (ref $_->[0] eq 'HASH') ? [(
1783 exists $_->[0]{dbd_attrs}
1785 $_->[0]{sqlt_datatype}
1787 : $resolve_bindinfo->($_->[0])
1790 : (ref $_->[0] eq 'SCALAR') ? [ { sqlt_datatype => ${$_->[0]} }, $_->[1] ]
1791 : [ $resolve_bindinfo->(
1792 { dbic_colname => $_->[0] }
1797 sub _format_for_trace {
1798 #my ($self, $bind) = @_;
1800 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1801 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ \%attrs, 3 ] )
1803 ### ( "'1'", "'3'" )
1806 defined( $_ && $_->[1] )
1813 my ( $self, $sql, $bind ) = @_;
1815 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, $self->_format_for_trace($bind) )
1820 my ( $self, $sql, $bind ) = @_;
1822 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, $self->_format_for_trace($bind) )
1826 sub _dbi_attrs_for_bind {
1827 #my ($self, $ident, $bind) = @_;
1831 exists $_->{dbd_attrs} ? $_->{dbd_attrs}
1833 : ! $_->{sqlt_datatype} ? undef
1837 # cache the result in the dbh_details hash, as it (usually) can not change
1838 # unless we connect to something else
1839 # FIXME: for the time being Oracle is an exception, pending a rewrite of
1841 my $cache = $_[0]->_dbh_details->{_datatype_map_cache} ||= {};
1843 $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}} = $_[0]->bind_attribute_by_data_type($_->{sqlt_datatype})
1844 if ! exists $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}};
1846 $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}};
1848 } } map { $_->[0] } @{$_[2]} ];
1852 my ($self, $op, $ident, @args) = @_;
1854 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $ident, \@args);
1856 # not even a PID check - we do not care about the state of the _dbh.
1857 # All we need is to get the appropriate drivers loaded if they aren't
1858 # already so that the assumption in ad7c50fc26e holds
1859 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
1861 $self->dbh_do( _dbh_execute => # retry over disconnects
1864 $self->_dbi_attrs_for_bind($ident, $bind),
1869 my ($self, $dbh, $sql, $bind, $bind_attrs) = @_;
1871 $self->_query_start( $sql, $bind );
1873 my $sth = $self->_bind_sth_params(
1874 $self->_prepare_sth($dbh, $sql),
1879 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1880 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1881 $self->throw_exception(
1882 $sth->errstr || $sth->err || 'Unknown error: execute() returned false, but error flags were not set...'
1885 $self->_query_end( $sql, $bind );
1887 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1891 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1893 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1894 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1895 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1896 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1898 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1899 # but apparently that's not true :(
1900 $self->throw_exception(
1903 sprintf( "\$dbh->prepare() of '%s' through %s failed *silently* without "
1904 .'an exception and/or setting $dbh->errstr',
1906 ? substr($sql, 0, 20) . '...'
1909 'DBD::' . $dbh->{Driver}{Name},
1916 sub _bind_sth_params {
1917 my ($self, $sth, $bind, $bind_attrs) = @_;
1919 for my $i (0 .. $#$bind) {
1920 if (ref $bind->[$i][1] eq 'SCALAR') { # any scalarrefs are assumed to be bind_inouts
1921 $sth->bind_param_inout(
1922 $i + 1, # bind params counts are 1-based
1924 $bind->[$i][0]{dbd_size} || $self->_max_column_bytesize($bind->[$i][0]), # size
1929 # FIXME SUBOPTIMAL - DBI needs fixing to always stringify regardless of DBD
1930 my $v = ( length ref $bind->[$i][1] and is_plain_value $bind->[$i][1] )
1937 # The temp-var is CRUCIAL - DO NOT REMOVE IT, breaks older DBD::SQLite RT#79576
1947 sub _prefetch_autovalues {
1948 my ($self, $source, $colinfo, $to_insert) = @_;
1951 for my $col (keys %$colinfo) {
1953 $colinfo->{$col}{auto_nextval}
1956 ! exists $to_insert->{$col}
1958 is_literal_value($to_insert->{$col})
1961 $values{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1963 ( $colinfo->{$col}{sequence} ||=
1964 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->_get_dbh, $source, $col)
1974 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1976 my $col_infos = $source->columns_info;
1978 my $prefetched_values = $self->_prefetch_autovalues($source, $col_infos, $to_insert);
1980 # fuse the values, but keep a separate list of prefetched_values so that
1981 # they can be fused once again with the final return
1982 $to_insert = { %$to_insert, %$prefetched_values };
1984 # FIXME - we seem to assume undef values as non-supplied. This is wrong.
1985 # Investigate what does it take to s/defined/exists/
1986 my %pcols = map { $_ => 1 } $source->primary_columns;
1987 my (%retrieve_cols, $autoinc_supplied, $retrieve_autoinc_col);
1988 for my $col ($source->columns) {
1989 if ($col_infos->{$col}{is_auto_increment}) {
1990 $autoinc_supplied ||= 1 if defined $to_insert->{$col};
1991 $retrieve_autoinc_col ||= $col unless $autoinc_supplied;
1994 # nothing to retrieve when explicit values are supplied
1996 defined $to_insert->{$col} and ! is_literal_value($to_insert->{$col})
1999 # the 'scalar keys' is a trick to preserve the ->columns declaration order
2000 $retrieve_cols{$col} = scalar keys %retrieve_cols if (
2003 $col_infos->{$col}{retrieve_on_insert}
2007 local $self->{_autoinc_supplied_for_op} = $autoinc_supplied;
2008 local $self->{_perform_autoinc_retrieval} = $retrieve_autoinc_col;
2010 my ($sqla_opts, @ir_container);
2011 if (%retrieve_cols and $self->_use_insert_returning) {
2012 $sqla_opts->{returning_container} = \@ir_container
2013 if $self->_use_insert_returning_bound;
2015 $sqla_opts->{returning} = [
2016 sort { $retrieve_cols{$a} <=> $retrieve_cols{$b} } keys %retrieve_cols
2020 my ($rv, $sth) = $self->_execute('insert', $source, $to_insert, $sqla_opts);
2022 my %returned_cols = %$to_insert;
2023 if (my $retlist = $sqla_opts->{returning}) { # if IR is supported - we will get everything in one set
2025 unless( @ir_container ) {
2028 # FIXME - need to investigate why Caelum silenced this in 4d4dc518
2029 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
2031 @ir_container = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2035 # Evict the $sth from the cache in case we got here, since the finish()
2036 # is crucial, at least on older Firebirds, possibly on other engines too
2038 # It would be too complex to make this a proper subclass override,
2039 # and besides we already take the try{} penalty, adding a catch that
2040 # triggers infrequently is a no-brainer
2042 if( my $kids = $self->_dbh->{CachedKids} ) {
2043 $kids->{$_} == $sth and delete $kids->{$_}
2049 @returned_cols{@$retlist} = @ir_container if @ir_container;
2052 # pull in PK if needed and then everything else
2053 if (my @missing_pri = grep { $pcols{$_} } keys %retrieve_cols) {
2055 $self->throw_exception( "Missing primary key but Storage doesn't support last_insert_id" )
2056 unless $self->can('last_insert_id');
2058 my @pri_values = $self->last_insert_id($source, @missing_pri);
2060 $self->throw_exception( "Can't get last insert id" )
2061 unless (@pri_values == @missing_pri);
2063 @returned_cols{@missing_pri} = @pri_values;
2064 delete @retrieve_cols{@missing_pri};
2067 # if there is more left to pull
2068 if (%retrieve_cols) {
2069 $self->throw_exception(
2070 'Unable to retrieve additional columns without a Primary Key on ' . $source->source_name
2073 my @left_to_fetch = sort { $retrieve_cols{$a} <=> $retrieve_cols{$b} } keys %retrieve_cols;
2075 my $cur = DBIx::Class::ResultSet->new($source, {
2076 where => { map { $_ => $returned_cols{$_} } (keys %pcols) },
2077 select => \@left_to_fetch,
2080 @returned_cols{@left_to_fetch} = $cur->next;
2082 $self->throw_exception('Duplicate row returned for PK-search after fresh insert')
2083 if scalar $cur->next;
2087 return { %$prefetched_values, %returned_cols };
2092 'insert_bulk() should have never been exposed as a public method and '
2093 . 'calling it is depecated as of Aug 2014. If you believe having a genuine '
2094 . 'use for this method please contact the development team via '
2095 . DBIx::Class::_ENV_::HELP_URL
2098 return '0E0' unless @{$_[3]||[]};
2100 shift->_insert_bulk(@_);
2104 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
2106 $self->throw_exception('Calling _insert_bulk without a dataset to process makes no sense')
2107 unless @{$data||[]};
2109 my $colinfos = $source->columns_info($cols);
2111 local $self->{_autoinc_supplied_for_op} =
2112 (grep { $_->{is_auto_increment} } values %$colinfos)
2117 # get a slice type index based on first row of data
2118 # a "column" in this context may refer to more than one bind value
2119 # e.g. \[ '?, ?', [...], [...] ]
2121 # construct the value type index - a description of values types for every
2122 # per-column slice of $data:
2124 # nonexistent - nonbind literal
2126 # [] of bindattrs - resolved attribute(s) of bind(s) passed via literal+bind \[] combo
2128 # also construct the column hash to pass to the SQL generator. For plain
2129 # (non literal) values - convert the members of the first row into a
2130 # literal+bind combo, with extra positional info in the bind attr hashref.
2131 # This will allow us to match the order properly, and is so contrived
2132 # because a user-supplied literal/bind (or something else specific to a
2133 # resultsource and/or storage driver) can inject extra binds along the
2134 # way, so one can't rely on "shift positions" ordering at all. Also we
2135 # can't just hand SQLA a set of some known "values" (e.g. hashrefs that
2136 # can be later matched up by address), because we want to supply a real
2137 # value on which perhaps e.g. datatype checks will be performed
2138 my ($proto_data, $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx);
2139 for my $col_idx (0..$#$cols) {
2140 my $colname = $cols->[$col_idx];
2141 if (ref $data->[0][$col_idx] eq 'SCALAR') {
2142 # no bind value at all - no type
2144 $proto_data->{$colname} = $data->[0][$col_idx];
2146 elsif (ref $data->[0][$col_idx] eq 'REF' and ref ${$data->[0][$col_idx]} eq 'ARRAY' ) {
2147 # repack, so we don't end up mangling the original \[]
2148 my ($sql, @bind) = @${$data->[0][$col_idx]};
2150 # normalization of user supplied stuff
2151 my $resolved_bind = $self->_resolve_bindattrs(
2152 $source, \@bind, $colinfos,
2155 # store value-less (attrs only) bind info - we will be comparing all
2156 # supplied binds against this for sanity
2157 $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx} = serialize [ map { $_->[0] } @$resolved_bind ];
2159 $proto_data->{$colname} = \[ $sql, map { [
2160 # inject slice order to use for $proto_bind construction
2161 { %{$resolved_bind->[$_][0]}, _bind_data_slice_idx => $col_idx, _literal_bind_subindex => $_+1 }
2163 $resolved_bind->[$_][1]
2168 $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx} = undef;
2170 $proto_data->{$colname} = \[ '?', [
2171 { dbic_colname => $colname, _bind_data_slice_idx => $col_idx }
2173 $data->[0][$col_idx]
2178 my ($sql, $proto_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute (
2184 if (! @$proto_bind and keys %$serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx) {
2185 # if the bindlist is empty and we had some dynamic binds, this means the
2186 # storage ate them away (e.g. the NoBindVars component) and interpolated
2187 # them directly into the SQL. This obviously can't be good for multi-inserts
2188 $self->throw_exception('Unable to invoke fast-path insert without storage placeholder support');
2192 # FIXME - devise a flag "no babysitting" or somesuch to shut this off
2194 # use an error reporting closure for convenience (less to pass)
2195 my $bad_slice_report_cref = sub {
2196 my ($msg, $r_idx, $c_idx) = @_;
2197 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for column '%s' in populate slice:\n%s",
2201 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 5;
2203 map { $cols->[$_] =>
2211 for my $col_idx (0..$#$cols) {
2212 my $reference_val = $data->[0][$col_idx];
2214 for my $row_idx (1..$#$data) { # we are comparing against what we got from [0] above, hence start from 1
2215 my $val = $data->[$row_idx][$col_idx];
2217 if (! exists $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx}) { # literal no binds
2218 if (ref $val ne 'SCALAR') {
2219 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2220 "Incorrect value (expecting SCALAR-ref \\'$$reference_val')",
2225 elsif ($$val ne $$reference_val) {
2226 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2227 "Inconsistent literal SQL value (expecting \\'$$reference_val')",
2233 elsif (! defined $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx} ) { # regular non-literal value
2234 if (is_literal_value($val)) {
2235 $bad_slice_report_cref->("Literal SQL found where a plain bind value is expected", $row_idx, $col_idx);
2238 else { # binds from a \[], compare type and attrs
2239 if (ref $val ne 'REF' or ref $$val ne 'ARRAY') {
2240 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2241 "Incorrect value (expecting ARRAYREF-ref \\['${$reference_val}->[0]', ... ])",
2246 # start drilling down and bail out early on identical refs
2248 $reference_val != $val
2250 $$reference_val != $$val
2252 if (${$val}->[0] ne ${$reference_val}->[0]) {
2253 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2254 "Inconsistent literal/bind SQL (expecting \\['${$reference_val}->[0]', ... ])",
2259 # need to check the bind attrs - a bind will happen only once for
2260 # the entire dataset, so any changes further down will be ignored.
2262 $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx}
2267 @{$self->_resolve_bindattrs(
2268 $source, [ @{$$val}[1 .. $#$$val] ], $colinfos,
2272 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2273 'Differing bind attributes on literal/bind values not supported',
2283 # neither _dbh_execute_for_fetch, nor _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds
2284 # are atomic (even if execute_for_fetch is a single call). Thus a safety
2286 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
2288 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$proto_bind ? [[ {} => '__BULK_INSERT__' ]] : () );
2289 my $sth = $self->_prepare_sth($self->_dbh, $sql);
2292 # proto bind contains the information on which pieces of $data to pull
2293 # $cols is passed in only for prettier error-reporting
2294 $self->_dbh_execute_for_fetch( $source, $sth, $proto_bind, $cols, $data );
2297 # bind_param_array doesn't work if there are no binds
2298 $self->_dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds( $sth, scalar @$data );
2302 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$proto_bind ? [[ {} => '__BULK_INSERT__' ]] : () );
2306 return wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$proto_bind) : $rv;
2309 # execute_for_fetch is capable of returning data just fine (it means it
2310 # can be used for INSERT...RETURNING and UPDATE...RETURNING. Since this
2311 # is the void-populate fast-path we will just ignore this altogether
2312 # for the time being.
2313 sub _dbh_execute_for_fetch {
2314 my ($self, $source, $sth, $proto_bind, $cols, $data) = @_;
2316 # If we have any bind attributes to take care of, we will bind the
2317 # proto-bind data (which will never be used by execute_for_fetch)
2318 # However since column bindtypes are "sticky", this is sufficient
2319 # to get the DBD to apply the bindtype to all values later on
2320 my $bind_attrs = $self->_dbi_attrs_for_bind($source, $proto_bind);
2322 for my $i (0 .. $#$proto_bind) {
2324 $i+1, # DBI bind indexes are 1-based
2325 $proto_bind->[$i][1],
2327 ) if defined $bind_attrs->[$i];
2330 # At this point $data slots named in the _bind_data_slice_idx of
2331 # each piece of $proto_bind are either \[]s or plain values to be
2332 # passed in. Construct the dispensing coderef. *NOTE* the order
2333 # of $data will differ from this of the ?s in the SQL (due to
2334 # alphabetical ordering by colname). We actually do want to
2335 # preserve this behavior so that prepare_cached has a better
2336 # chance of matching on unrelated calls
2338 my $fetch_row_idx = -1; # saner loop this way
2339 my $fetch_tuple = sub {
2340 return undef if ++$fetch_row_idx > $#$data;
2343 my $v = ! defined $_->{_literal_bind_subindex}
2345 ? $data->[ $fetch_row_idx ]->[ $_->{_bind_data_slice_idx} ]
2347 # There are no attributes to resolve here - we already did everything
2348 # when we constructed proto_bind. However we still want to sanity-check
2349 # what the user supplied, so pass stuff through to the resolver *anyway*
2350 : $self->_resolve_bindattrs (
2351 undef, # a fake rsrc
2352 [ ${ $data->[ $fetch_row_idx ]->[ $_->{_bind_data_slice_idx} ]}->[ $_->{_literal_bind_subindex} ] ],
2353 {}, # a fake column_info bag
2357 # FIXME SUBOPTIMAL - DBI needs fixing to always stringify regardless of DBD
2358 # For the time being forcibly stringify whatever is stringifiable
2361 ( !length ref $v or ! ($vref = is_plain_value $v) ) ? $v
2362 : defined blessed( $$vref ) ? "$$vref"
2365 } map { $_->[0] } @$proto_bind ];
2368 my $tuple_status = [];
2371 $rv = $sth->execute_for_fetch(
2380 # Not all DBDs are create equal. Some throw on error, some return
2381 # an undef $rv, and some set $sth->err - try whatever we can
2382 $err = ($sth->errstr || 'UNKNOWN ERROR ($sth->errstr is unset)') if (
2385 ( !defined $rv or $sth->err )
2388 # Statement must finish even if there was an exception.
2393 $err = shift unless defined $err
2398 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
2400 $self->throw_exception("Unexpected populate error: $err")
2401 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
2403 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "execute_for_fetch() aborted with '%s' at populate slice:\n%s",
2404 ($tuple_status->[$i][1] || $err),
2405 dump_value { map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols) },
2412 sub _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds {
2413 my ($self, $sth, $count) = @_;
2417 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2418 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2419 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2421 $sth->execute foreach 1..$count;
2427 # Make sure statement is finished even if there was an exception.
2432 $err = shift unless defined $err;
2435 $self->throw_exception($err) if defined $err;
2441 #my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
2442 shift->_execute('update', @_);
2447 #my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
2448 shift->_execute('delete', @_);
2453 $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
2456 sub _select_args_to_query {
2459 $self->throw_exception(
2460 "Unable to generate limited query representation with 'software_limit' enabled"
2461 ) if ($_[3]->{software_limit} and ($_[3]->{offset} or $_[3]->{rows}) );
2463 # my ($op, $ident, $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset)
2464 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
2465 my ($op, $ident, @args) =
2466 $self->_select_args(@_);
2468 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_gen_sql_bind($op, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset ]);
2469 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_gen_sql_bind($op, $ident, \@args);
2471 # reuse the bind arrayref
2472 unshift @{$bind}, "($sql)";
2477 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $orig_attrs) = @_;
2479 # FIXME - that kind of caching would be nice to have
2480 # however currently we *may* pass the same $orig_attrs
2481 # with different ident/select/where
2482 # the whole interface needs to be rethought, since it
2483 # was centered around the flawed SQLA API. We can do
2484 # soooooo much better now. But that is also another
2487 # 'select', $orig_attrs->{!args_as_stored_at_the_end_of_this_method!}
2488 #) if $orig_attrs->{!args_as_stored_at_the_end_of_this_method!};
2490 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
2499 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
2500 $attrs->{rows} ||= $sql_maker->__max_int
2501 if $attrs->{offset};
2503 # see if we will need to tear the prefetch apart to satisfy group_by == select
2504 # this is *extremely tricky* to get right, I am still not sure I did
2506 my ($prefetch_needs_subquery, @limit_args);
2508 if ( $attrs->{_grouped_by_distinct} and $attrs->{collapse} ) {
2509 # we already know there is a valid group_by (we made it) and we know it is
2510 # intended to be based *only* on non-multi stuff
2511 # short circuit the group_by parsing below
2512 $prefetch_needs_subquery = 1;
2515 # The rationale is that even if we do *not* have collapse, we still
2516 # need to wrap the core grouped select/group_by in a subquery
2517 # so that databases that care about group_by/select equivalence
2518 # are happy (this includes MySQL in strict_mode)
2519 # If any of the other joined tables are referenced in the group_by
2520 # however - the user is on their own
2521 ( $prefetch_needs_subquery or ! $attrs->{_simple_passthrough_construction} )
2525 @{$attrs->{group_by}}
2527 my $grp_aliases = dbic_internal_try { # internal_try{} because $attrs->{from} may be unreadable
2528 $self->_resolve_aliastypes_from_select_args({ from => $attrs->{from}, group_by => $attrs->{group_by} })
2531 # no aliases other than our own in group_by
2532 # if there are - do not allow subquery even if limit is present
2533 $prefetch_needs_subquery = ! scalar grep { $_ ne $attrs->{alias} } keys %{ $grp_aliases->{grouping} || {} };
2535 elsif ( $attrs->{rows} && $attrs->{collapse} ) {
2536 # active collapse with a limit - that one is a no-brainer unless
2537 # overruled by a group_by above
2538 $prefetch_needs_subquery = 1;
2541 if ($prefetch_needs_subquery) {
2542 $attrs = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($attrs);
2544 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
2546 $attrs->{rows} || (),
2547 $attrs->{offset} || (),
2551 # try to simplify the joinmap further (prune unreferenced type-single joins)
2553 ! $prefetch_needs_subquery # already pruned
2557 reftype $attrs->{from} eq 'ARRAY'
2559 @{$attrs->{from}} != 1
2561 ($attrs->{from}, $attrs->{_aliastypes}) = $self->_prune_unused_joins ($attrs);
2564 # FIXME this is a gross, inefficient, largely incorrect and fragile hack
2565 # during the result inflation stage we *need* to know what was the aliastype
2566 # map as sqla saw it when the final pieces of SQL were being assembled
2567 # Originally we simply carried around the entirety of $attrs, but this
2568 # resulted in resultsets that are being reused growing continuously, as
2569 # the hash in question grew deeper and deeper.
2570 # Instead hand-pick what to take with us here (we actually don't need much
2571 # at this point just the map itself)
2572 $orig_attrs->{_last_sqlmaker_alias_map} = $attrs->{_aliastypes};
2575 # my $alias2source = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
2577 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $attrs->{where}
2578 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
2579 # expect a result object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
2580 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
2582 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
2583 # invoked, and that's just bad...
2586 return ( 'select', @{$attrs}{qw(from select where)}, $attrs, @limit_args );
2589 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
2590 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
2591 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
2592 # sense as a performance optimization
2594 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
2595 return { count => '*' };
2602 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
2606 Handle a SQL select statement.
2612 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
2613 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
2618 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
2619 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2620 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
2621 if(@row && @nextrow) {
2622 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
2624 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
2629 =head2 sql_limit_dialect
2631 This is an accessor for the default SQL limit dialect used by a particular
2632 storage driver. Can be overridden by supplying an explicit L</limit_dialect>
2633 to L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>. For a list of available limit dialects
2634 see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
2638 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
2639 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
2643 if (! DBIx::Class::_ENV_::STRESSTEST_COLUMN_INFO_UNAWARE_STORAGE and $dbh->can('column_info')) {
2645 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
2646 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
2648 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
2650 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
2651 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
2652 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
2653 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
2654 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
2655 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
2657 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
2663 return \%result if keys %result;
2666 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
2669 ### The acrobatics with lc names is necessary to support both the legacy
2670 ### API that used NAME_lc exclusively, *AND* at the same time work properly
2671 ### with column names differing in cas eonly (thanks pg!)
2673 my ($columns, $seen_lcs);
2675 ++$seen_lcs->{lc($_)} and $columns->{$_} = {
2676 idx => scalar keys %$columns,
2679 } for @{$sth->{NAME}};
2681 $seen_lcs->{$_->{lc_name}} == 1
2683 $_->{name} = $_->{lc_name}
2684 for values %$columns;
2686 for ( values %$columns ) {
2688 data_type => $sth->{TYPE}->[$_->{idx}],
2689 size => $sth->{PRECISION}->[$_->{idx}],
2690 is_nullable => $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$_->{idx}] ? 1 : 0,
2693 if ($inf->{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
2694 @{$inf}{qw( data_type size)} = ($1, $2);
2697 $result{$_->{name}} = $inf;
2702 if ($dbh->can('type_info')) {
2703 for my $inf (values %result) {
2704 next if ! defined $inf->{data_type};
2706 $inf->{data_type} = (
2709 $dbh->type_info( $inf->{data_type} )
2720 # FIXME - this may be an artifact of the DBD::Pg implmentation alone
2721 # needs more testing in the future...
2722 $inf->{size} -= 4 if (
2723 ( $inf->{size}||0 > 4 )
2725 $inf->{data_type} =~ qr/^text$/i
2734 sub columns_info_for {
2735 my ($self, $table) = @_;
2736 $self->_dbh_columns_info_for ($self->_get_dbh, $table);
2739 =head2 last_insert_id
2741 Return the row id of the last insert.
2745 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
2746 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
2748 my $id = dbic_internal_try { $dbh->last_insert_id (undef, undef, $source->name, $col) };
2750 return $id if defined $id;
2752 my $class = ref $self;
2753 $self->throw_exception ("No storage specific _dbh_last_insert_id() method implemented in $class, and the generic DBI::last_insert_id() failed");
2756 sub last_insert_id {
2758 $self->_dbh_last_insert_id ($self->_dbh, @_);
2761 =head2 _native_data_type
2765 =item Arguments: $type_name
2769 This API is B<EXPERIMENTAL>, will almost definitely change in the future, and
2770 currently only used by L<::AutoCast|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::AutoCast> and
2771 L<::Sybase::ASE|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Sybase::ASE>.
2773 The default implementation returns C<undef>, implement in your Storage driver if
2774 you need this functionality.
2776 Should map types from other databases to the native RDBMS type, for example
2777 C<VARCHAR2> to C<VARCHAR>.
2779 Types with modifiers should map to the underlying data type. For example,
2780 C<INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT> should become C<INTEGER>.
2782 Composite types should map to the container type, for example
2783 C<ENUM(foo,bar,baz)> becomes C<ENUM>.
2787 sub _native_data_type {
2788 #my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2792 # Check if placeholders are supported at all
2793 sub _determine_supports_placeholders {
2795 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2797 # some drivers provide a $dbh attribute (e.g. Sybase and $dbh->{syb_dynamic_supported})
2798 # but it is inaccurate more often than not
2799 ( dbic_internal_try {
2800 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2801 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2802 $dbh->do('select ?', {}, 1);
2810 # Check if placeholders bound to non-string types throw exceptions
2812 sub _determine_supports_typeless_placeholders {
2814 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2816 ( dbic_internal_try {
2817 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2818 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2819 # this specifically tests a bind that is NOT a string
2820 $dbh->do('select 1 where 1 = ?', {}, 1);
2830 Returns the database driver name.
2835 shift->_get_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
2838 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2840 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2841 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2842 let the database planner just handle it.
2844 This method is always called after the driver has been determined and a DBI
2845 connection has been established. Therefore you can refer to C<DBI::$constant>
2846 and/or C<DBD::$driver::$constant> directly, without worrying about loading
2847 the correct modules.
2851 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2855 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2857 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2858 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2859 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2860 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2861 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2865 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2866 #my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2868 return 0 unless $_[1];
2871 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2876 =head2 create_ddl_dir
2880 =item Arguments: $schema, \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2884 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2885 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2886 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2888 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2889 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2890 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2891 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2893 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2894 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2895 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2896 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2898 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2899 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2900 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2901 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_identifiers>.
2903 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2907 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2909 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2911 =item directory - './'
2913 =item preversion - <none>
2917 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2919 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2921 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2922 hashref like the following
2924 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2927 WARNING: You are strongly advised to check all SQL files created, before applying
2932 sub create_ddl_dir {
2933 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
2935 require DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies;
2936 if (my $missing = DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy')) {
2937 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without $missing");
2941 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
2945 mkdir_p( $dir ) unless -d $dir;
2948 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
2949 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
2951 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2952 $version ||= $schema_version;
2955 add_drop_table => 1,
2956 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
2957 ignore_index_names => 1,
2958 quote_identifiers => $self->sql_maker->_quoting_enabled,
2962 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
2964 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
2965 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
2966 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
2968 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
2970 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
2971 $sqlt->producer($db);
2974 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
2975 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
2976 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
2977 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
2981 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
2983 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
2986 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
2987 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
2990 print $file $output;
2993 next unless ($preversion);
2995 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
2997 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
2998 if(!-e $prefilename) {
2999 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
3003 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
3005 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
3011 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
3016 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
3018 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
3019 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
3021 $source_schema = $t->schema;
3023 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
3024 unless ( $source_schema->name );
3027 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
3028 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
3029 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
3030 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
3032 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
3033 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
3038 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
3040 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
3041 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
3043 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
3045 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
3046 unless $dest_schema->name;
3050 # FIXME - this is a terrible workaround for
3051 # https://github.com/dbsrgits/sql-translator/commit/2d23c1e
3052 # Fixing it in this sloppy manner so that we don't hve to
3053 # lockstep an SQLT release as well. Needs to be removed at
3054 # some point, and SQLT dep bumped
3055 local $SQL::Translator::Producer::SQLite::NO_QUOTES
3056 if $SQL::Translator::Producer::SQLite::NO_QUOTES;
3058 SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
3064 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
3065 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
3073 =head2 deployment_statements
3077 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
3081 Returns the statements used by L<DBIx::Class::Storage/deploy>
3082 and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
3084 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
3085 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
3087 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
3088 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
3089 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
3091 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
3092 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
3094 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
3098 sub deployment_statements {
3099 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
3100 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
3101 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
3103 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
3106 # FIXME replace this block when a proper sane sql parser is available
3108 open($file, "<$filename")
3109 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
3112 return join('', @rows);
3115 require DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies;
3116 if (my $missing = DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') ) {
3117 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without a pregenerated 'ddl_dir' directory or $missing");
3120 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicity allow at top level
3122 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
3123 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
3125 $sqltargs->{quote_identifiers} = $self->sql_maker->_quoting_enabled
3126 unless exists $sqltargs->{quote_identifiers};
3128 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(
3129 producer => "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}",
3131 parser => 'SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class',
3135 return preserve_context {
3138 $self->throw_exception( 'Unable to produce deployment statements: ' . $tr->error)
3139 unless defined $_[0];
3143 # FIXME deploy() currently does not accurately report sql errors
3144 # Will always return true while errors are warned
3146 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
3150 return if($line =~ /^--/);
3151 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
3152 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
3153 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
3154 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
3155 $self->_query_start($line);
3157 # do a dbh_do cycle here, as we need some error checking in
3158 # place (even though we will ignore errors)
3159 $self->dbh_do (sub { $_[1]->do($line) });
3161 carp qq{$_ (running "${line}")};
3163 $self->_query_end($line);
3165 my @statements = $schema->deployment_statements($type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
3166 if (@statements > 1) {
3167 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
3168 $deploy->( $statement );
3171 elsif (@statements == 1) {
3172 # split on single line comments and end of statements
3173 foreach my $line ( split(/\s*--.*\n|;\n/, $statements[0])) {
3179 =head2 datetime_parser
3181 Returns the datetime parser class
3185 sub datetime_parser {
3187 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
3188 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
3192 =head2 datetime_parser_type
3194 Defines the datetime parser class - currently defaults to L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
3196 =head2 build_datetime_parser
3198 See L</datetime_parser>
3202 sub build_datetime_parser {
3204 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
3209 =head2 is_replicating
3211 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
3212 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
3213 returned by databases that don't support replication.
3217 sub is_replicating {
3222 =head2 lag_behind_master
3224 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
3225 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
3226 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
3230 sub lag_behind_master {
3234 =head2 relname_to_table_alias
3238 =item Arguments: $relname, $join_count
3240 =item Return Value: $alias
3244 L<DBIx::Class> uses L<DBIx::Class::Relationship> names as table aliases in
3247 This hook is to allow specific L<DBIx::Class::Storage> drivers to change the
3248 way these aliases are named.
3250 The default behavior is C<< "$relname_$join_count" if $join_count > 1 >>,
3251 otherwise C<"$relname">.
3255 sub relname_to_table_alias {
3256 my ($self, $relname, $join_count) = @_;
3258 my $alias = ($join_count && $join_count > 1 ?
3259 join('_', $relname, $join_count) : $relname);
3264 # The size in bytes to use for DBI's ->bind_param_inout, this is the generic
3265 # version and it may be necessary to amend or override it for a specific storage
3266 # if such binds are necessary.
3267 sub _max_column_bytesize {
3268 my ($self, $attr) = @_;
3272 if ($attr->{sqlt_datatype}) {
3273 my $data_type = lc($attr->{sqlt_datatype});
3275 if ($attr->{sqlt_size}) {
3277 # String/sized-binary types
3278 if ($data_type =~ /^(?:
3279 l? (?:var)? char(?:acter)? (?:\s*varying)?
3281 (?:var)? binary (?:\s*varying)?
3286 $max_size = $attr->{sqlt_size};
3288 # Other charset/unicode types, assume scale of 4
3289 elsif ($data_type =~ /^(?:
3290 national \s* character (?:\s*varying)?
3299 $max_size = $attr->{sqlt_size} * 4;
3303 if (!$max_size and !$self->_is_lob_type($data_type)) {
3304 $max_size = 100 # for all other (numeric?) datatypes
3308 $max_size || $self->_dbic_connect_attributes->{LongReadLen} || $self->_get_dbh->{LongReadLen} || 8000;
3311 # Determine if a data_type is some type of BLOB
3313 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3314 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /lob|bfile|text|image|bytea|memo/i
3315 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:raw|bit\s*varying|varbit|binary
3316 |varchar|character\s*varying|nvarchar
3317 |national\s*character\s*varying))?\z/xi);
3320 sub _is_binary_lob_type {
3321 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3322 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /blob|bfile|image|bytea/i
3323 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:raw|bit\s*varying|varbit|binary))?\z/xi);
3326 sub _is_text_lob_type {
3327 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3328 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /^(?:clob|memo)\z/i
3329 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:varchar|character\s*varying|nvarchar
3330 |national\s*character\s*varying))\z/xi);
3333 # Determine if a data_type is some type of a binary type
3334 sub _is_binary_type {
3335 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3336 $data_type && ($self->_is_binary_lob_type($data_type)
3337 || $data_type =~ /(?:var)?(?:binary|bit|graphic)(?:\s*varying)?/i);
3344 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
3346 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
3347 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
3348 (the default) combined with L<txn_do|DBIx::Class::Storage/txn_do> for
3349 transaction support.
3351 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
3352 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
3353 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
3354 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
3355 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
3356 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
3357 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
3360 =head1 FURTHER QUESTIONS?
3362 Check the list of L<additional DBIC resources|DBIx::Class/GETTING HELP/SUPPORT>.
3364 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
3366 This module is free software L<copyright|DBIx::Class/COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE>
3367 by the L<DBIx::Class (DBIC) authors|DBIx::Class/AUTHORS>. You can
3368 redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the
3369 L<DBIx::Class library|DBIx::Class/COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE>.