1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
4 use base 'DBIx::Class::Storage';
8 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
10 use SQL::Abstract::Limit;
11 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
13 use Scalar::Util qw/blessed weaken/;
15 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
16 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts
17 _conn_pid _conn_tid transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit savepoints/
20 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
21 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
22 my @storage_options = qw/
23 on_connect_do on_disconnect_do disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
25 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
28 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
29 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
31 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/sql_maker_class/);
32 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIC::SQL::Abstract');
36 package # Hide from PAUSE
37 DBIC::SQL::Abstract; # Would merge upstream, but nate doesn't reply :(
39 use base qw/SQL::Abstract::Limit/;
41 # This prevents the caching of $dbh in S::A::L, I believe
43 my $self = shift->SUPER::new(@_);
45 # If limit_dialect is a ref (like a $dbh), go ahead and replace
46 # it with what it resolves to:
47 $self->{limit_dialect} = $self->_find_syntax($self->{limit_dialect})
48 if ref $self->{limit_dialect};
53 # DB2 is the only remaining DB using this. Even though we are not sure if
54 # RowNumberOver is still needed here (should be part of SQLA) leave the
57 my ($self, $sql, $order, $rows, $offset ) = @_;
60 my $last = $rows + $offset;
61 my ( $order_by ) = $self->_order_by( $order );
66 SELECT Q1.*, ROW_NUMBER() OVER( ) AS ROW_NUM FROM (
71 WHERE ROW_NUM BETWEEN $offset AND $last
79 # While we're at it, this should make LIMIT queries more efficient,
80 # without digging into things too deeply
81 use Scalar::Util 'blessed';
83 my ($self, $syntax) = @_;
85 # DB2 is the only remaining DB using this. Even though we are not sure if
86 # RowNumberOver is still needed here (should be part of SQLA) leave the
88 my $dbhname = blessed($syntax) ? $syntax->{Driver}{Name} : $syntax;
89 if(ref($self) && $dbhname && $dbhname eq 'DB2') {
90 return 'RowNumberOver';
93 $self->{_cached_syntax} ||= $self->SUPER::_find_syntax($syntax);
97 my ($self, $table, $fields, $where, $order, @rest) = @_;
98 if (ref $table eq 'SCALAR') {
101 elsif (not ref $table) {
102 $table = $self->_quote($table);
104 local $self->{rownum_hack_count} = 1
105 if (defined $rest[0] && $self->{limit_dialect} eq 'RowNum');
106 @rest = (-1) unless defined $rest[0];
107 die "LIMIT 0 Does Not Compute" if $rest[0] == 0;
108 # and anyway, SQL::Abstract::Limit will cause a barf if we don't first
109 local $self->{having_bind} = [];
110 my ($sql, @ret) = $self->SUPER::select(
111 $table, $self->_recurse_fields($fields), $where, $order, @rest
116 $self->{for} eq 'update' ? ' FOR UPDATE' :
117 $self->{for} eq 'shared' ? ' FOR SHARE' :
122 return wantarray ? ($sql, @ret, @{$self->{having_bind}}) : $sql;
128 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
129 $self->SUPER::insert($table, @_);
135 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
136 $self->SUPER::update($table, @_);
142 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
143 $self->SUPER::delete($table, @_);
149 return $_[1].$self->_order_by($_[2]);
151 return $self->SUPER::_emulate_limit(@_);
155 sub _recurse_fields {
156 my ($self, $fields, $params) = @_;
157 my $ref = ref $fields;
158 return $self->_quote($fields) unless $ref;
159 return $$fields if $ref eq 'SCALAR';
161 if ($ref eq 'ARRAY') {
162 return join(', ', map {
163 $self->_recurse_fields($_)
164 .(exists $self->{rownum_hack_count} && !($params && $params->{no_rownum_hack})
165 ? ' AS col'.$self->{rownum_hack_count}++
168 } elsif ($ref eq 'HASH') {
169 foreach my $func (keys %$fields) {
170 return $self->_sqlcase($func)
171 .'( '.$self->_recurse_fields($fields->{$func}).' )';
180 if (ref $_[0] eq 'HASH') {
181 if (defined $_[0]->{group_by}) {
182 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' group by ')
183 .$self->_recurse_fields($_[0]->{group_by}, { no_rownum_hack => 1 });
185 if (defined $_[0]->{having}) {
187 ($frag, @extra) = $self->_recurse_where($_[0]->{having});
188 push(@{$self->{having_bind}}, @extra);
189 $ret .= $self->_sqlcase(' having ').$frag;
191 if (defined $_[0]->{order_by}) {
192 $ret .= $self->_order_by($_[0]->{order_by});
194 if (grep { $_ =~ /^-(desc|asc)/i } keys %{$_[0]}) {
195 return $self->SUPER::_order_by($_[0]);
197 } elsif (ref $_[0] eq 'SCALAR') {
198 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ').${ $_[0] };
199 } elsif (ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' && @{$_[0]}) {
200 my @order = @{+shift};
201 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ')
203 my $r = $self->_order_by($_, @_);
204 $r =~ s/^ ?ORDER BY //i;
208 $ret = $self->SUPER::_order_by(@_);
213 sub _order_directions {
214 my ($self, $order) = @_;
215 $order = $order->{order_by} if ref $order eq 'HASH';
216 return $self->SUPER::_order_directions($order);
220 my ($self, $from) = @_;
221 if (ref $from eq 'ARRAY') {
222 return $self->_recurse_from(@$from);
223 } elsif (ref $from eq 'HASH') {
224 return $self->_make_as($from);
226 return $from; # would love to quote here but _table ends up getting called
227 # twice during an ->select without a limit clause due to
228 # the way S::A::Limit->select works. should maybe consider
229 # bypassing this and doing S::A::select($self, ...) in
230 # our select method above. meantime, quoting shims have
231 # been added to select/insert/update/delete here
236 my ($self, $from, @join) = @_;
238 push(@sqlf, $self->_make_as($from));
239 foreach my $j (@join) {
242 # check whether a join type exists
243 my $join_clause = '';
244 my $to_jt = ref($to) eq 'ARRAY' ? $to->[0] : $to;
245 if (ref($to_jt) eq 'HASH' and exists($to_jt->{-join_type})) {
246 $join_clause = ' '.uc($to_jt->{-join_type}).' JOIN ';
248 $join_clause = ' JOIN ';
250 push(@sqlf, $join_clause);
252 if (ref $to eq 'ARRAY') {
253 push(@sqlf, '(', $self->_recurse_from(@$to), ')');
255 push(@sqlf, $self->_make_as($to));
257 push(@sqlf, ' ON ', $self->_join_condition($on));
259 return join('', @sqlf);
263 my ($self, $from) = @_;
264 return join(' ', map { (ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' ? $$_ : $self->_quote($_)) }
265 reverse each %{$self->_skip_options($from)});
269 my ($self, $hash) = @_;
271 $clean_hash->{$_} = $hash->{$_}
272 for grep {!/^-/} keys %$hash;
276 sub _join_condition {
277 my ($self, $cond) = @_;
278 if (ref $cond eq 'HASH') {
283 # XXX no throw_exception() in this package and croak() fails with strange results
284 Carp::croak(ref($v) . qq{ reference arguments are not supported in JOINS - try using \"..." instead'})
285 if ref($v) ne 'SCALAR';
289 my $x = '= '.$self->_quote($v); $j{$_} = \$x;
292 return scalar($self->_recurse_where(\%j));
293 } elsif (ref $cond eq 'ARRAY') {
294 return join(' OR ', map { $self->_join_condition($_) } @$cond);
296 die "Can't handle this yet!";
301 my ($self, $label) = @_;
302 return '' unless defined $label;
303 return "*" if $label eq '*';
304 return $label unless $self->{quote_char};
305 if(ref $self->{quote_char} eq "ARRAY"){
306 return $self->{quote_char}->[0] . $label . $self->{quote_char}->[1]
307 if !defined $self->{name_sep};
308 my $sep = $self->{name_sep};
309 return join($self->{name_sep},
310 map { $self->{quote_char}->[0] . $_ . $self->{quote_char}->[1] }
311 split(/\Q$sep\E/,$label));
313 return $self->SUPER::_quote($label);
318 $self->{limit_dialect} = shift if @_;
319 return $self->{limit_dialect};
324 $self->{quote_char} = shift if @_;
325 return $self->{quote_char};
330 $self->{name_sep} = shift if @_;
331 return $self->{name_sep};
334 } # End of BEGIN block
338 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
342 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
344 $schema->storage->debug(1);
345 $schema->dbh_do("DROP TABLE authors");
347 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
348 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser(DateTime->now)
353 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
354 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
355 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
362 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
364 $new->transaction_depth(0);
365 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
366 $new->{savepoints} = [];
367 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
368 $new->{_dbh_gen} = 0;
375 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
376 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
378 The argument list may contain:
384 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
385 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
386 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
387 recognized by DBIx::Class:
389 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
393 A single code reference which returns a connected
394 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
395 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
398 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
402 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
405 $connect_info_args = [{
413 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
414 following config (L<Config::General> style):
419 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
428 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
429 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
430 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
431 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
432 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
433 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
435 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
437 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
438 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
439 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
440 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a seperate hashref
441 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
443 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
444 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
445 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
452 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
453 the database. Its value may contain:
457 =item an array reference
459 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
460 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
462 =item a code reference
464 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
465 array reference, its return value is ignored.
469 =item on_disconnect_do
471 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
472 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
474 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
477 =item disable_sth_caching
479 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
480 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
484 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
485 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
486 driver alone. See also L<SQL::Abstract::Limit>.
490 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
491 you use this you will want to specify L</name_sep> as well.
493 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
494 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
495 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
497 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
498 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
502 This only needs to be used in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
503 specify the charecter that seperates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
504 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
506 The consequences of not supplying this value is that L<SQL::Abstract>
507 will assume DBIx::Class' uses of aliases to be complete column
508 names. The output will look like I<"me.name"> when it should actually
513 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
514 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
515 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
516 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
518 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
519 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
520 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
521 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
523 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
524 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
525 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
529 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
530 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
531 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
535 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
536 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
540 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
541 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
543 # Simple SQLite connection
544 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
547 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
549 # A bit more complicated
556 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
560 # Equivalent to the previous example
566 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
570 # Same, but with hashref as argument
571 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
574 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
576 password => 'my_pg_password',
583 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
586 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
590 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
591 disable_sth_caching => 1,
601 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
603 return $self->_connect_info if !$info_arg;
605 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
606 $self->_connect_info([@args]); # copy for _connect_info
609 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
612 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
613 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
616 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
617 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
619 for (qw/password user dsn/) {
620 unshift @args, delete $attrs{$_};
623 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
625 % { $args[3] || {} },
626 % { $args[4] || {} },
628 @args = @args[0,1,2];
631 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
632 # the new set of options
633 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
634 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
637 for my $storage_opt (@storage_options, 'cursor_class') { # @storage_options is declared at the top of the module
638 if(my $value = delete $attrs{$storage_opt}) {
639 $self->$storage_opt($value);
642 for my $sql_maker_opt (qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/) {
643 if(my $opt_val = delete $attrs{$sql_maker_opt}) {
644 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $opt_val;
649 %attrs = () if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE'); # _connect() never looks past $args[0] in this case
651 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args, keys %attrs ? \%attrs : ()]);
652 $self->_connect_info;
657 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
662 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
664 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
665 connection management.
667 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
668 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
669 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
671 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
672 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
674 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
675 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
676 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
680 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
682 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
683 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
684 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
695 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
697 return $self->$code($dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
698 || $self->{transaction_depth};
700 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
703 my $want_array = wantarray;
706 $self->_verify_pid if $dbh;
708 $self->_populate_dbh;
713 @result = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
715 elsif(defined $want_array) {
716 $result[0] = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
719 $self->$code($dbh, @_);
724 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
726 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
728 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
729 # exception fall right through this time
730 $self->_populate_dbh;
731 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @_);
734 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
735 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
736 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
741 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
742 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
744 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
746 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
749 my $want_array = wantarray;
754 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
755 $self->_populate_dbh if !$self->_dbh;
759 @result = $coderef->(@_);
761 elsif(defined $want_array) {
762 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
771 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
773 if($tried++ > 0 || $self->connected) {
774 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
775 my $rollback_exception = $@;
776 if($rollback_exception) {
777 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
778 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
779 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
781 $self->throw_exception(
782 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
783 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
786 $self->throw_exception($exception)
789 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
791 $self->_populate_dbh;
797 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
798 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
805 if( $self->connected ) {
806 my $connection_do = $self->on_disconnect_do;
807 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if ref($connection_do);
809 $self->_dbh->rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
810 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
816 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
820 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
822 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
826 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
827 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
831 # Storage subclasses should override this
832 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
833 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
841 if(my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
842 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
849 return 0 if !$self->_dbh;
851 return ($dbh->FETCH('Active') && $dbh->ping);
857 # handle pid changes correctly
858 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
862 return if defined $self->_conn_pid && $self->_conn_pid == $$;
864 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
871 sub ensure_connected {
874 unless ($self->connected) {
875 $self->_populate_dbh;
881 Returns the dbh - a data base handle of class L<DBI>.
888 $self->ensure_connected;
892 sub _sql_maker_args {
895 return ( bindtype=>'columns', array_datatypes => 1, limit_dialect => $self->dbh, %{$self->_sql_maker_opts} );
900 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
901 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
902 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
904 return $self->_sql_maker;
911 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
912 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
914 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
915 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
916 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
918 if(ref $self eq 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI') {
919 my $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
920 if ($self->load_optional_class("DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}")) {
921 bless $self, "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
926 $self->_conn_pid($$);
927 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
929 my $connection_do = $self->on_connect_do;
930 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if ref($connection_do);
933 sub _do_connection_actions {
935 my $connection_do = shift;
937 if (ref $connection_do eq 'ARRAY') {
938 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$connection_do;
940 elsif (ref $connection_do eq 'CODE') {
941 $connection_do->($self);
948 my ($self, $action) = @_;
950 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
951 $action = $action->($self);
952 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
955 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
956 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
957 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
958 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
959 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
960 my $sql = shift @do_args;
961 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
962 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
964 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
965 $self->_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
966 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
973 my ($self, @info) = @_;
975 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
978 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
980 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
981 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
982 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
986 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
990 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
993 if($dbh && !$self->unsafe) {
994 my $weak_self = $self;
996 $dbh->{HandleError} = sub {
998 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1001 croak ("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1004 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
1005 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1006 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1010 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
1012 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
1015 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1021 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1023 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
1024 unless defined $name;
1026 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1027 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1029 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1030 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
1032 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
1034 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
1036 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
1040 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1042 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1043 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1045 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1046 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
1048 if (defined $name) {
1049 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
1050 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1052 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1053 # the stack up to date.
1056 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
1058 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1061 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
1063 return $self->_svp_release($name);
1067 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1069 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1070 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1072 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1073 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
1075 if (defined $name) {
1076 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
1077 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1078 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
1081 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1082 # the stack up to date.
1083 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1084 last if($s eq $name);
1086 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
1087 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
1088 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
1090 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
1091 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
1094 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
1096 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
1099 sub _svp_generate_name {
1102 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
1107 $self->ensure_connected();
1108 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
1109 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
1111 # this isn't ->_dbh-> because
1112 # we should reconnect on begin_work
1113 # for AutoCommit users
1114 $self->dbh->begin_work;
1115 } elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1118 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1123 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1124 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1125 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1128 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1129 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1131 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1132 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1134 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1140 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1142 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1143 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1145 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1146 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1149 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1150 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1151 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1152 $self->svp_rollback;
1157 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1162 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1163 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
1164 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1165 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1166 $self->throw_exception($error);
1170 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1171 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1172 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1173 sub _prep_for_execute {
1174 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1176 if( blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1177 $ident = $ident->from();
1180 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1183 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1185 return ($sql, \@bind);
1188 sub _fix_bind_params {
1189 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1191 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1192 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1194 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1197 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1198 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1205 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1207 if ( $self->debug ) {
1208 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1210 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1215 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1217 if ( $self->debug ) {
1218 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1219 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1224 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1226 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1228 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1230 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1232 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1234 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1235 my $attributes = {};
1236 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1238 if ($bind_attributes) {
1239 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1240 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1243 foreach my $data (@data) {
1244 my $ref = ref $data;
1245 $data = $ref && $ref ne 'ARRAY' ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args (except arrayrefs)
1247 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
1248 $placeholder_index++;
1252 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1253 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1254 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1256 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1258 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1263 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_)
1267 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1269 my $ident = $source->from;
1270 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1272 $self->ensure_connected;
1273 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1274 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1275 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1277 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1278 $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch( 'nextval', $col_info->{sequence} || $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->dbh, $source) );
1283 $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert);
1288 ## Still not quite perfect, and EXPERIMENTAL
1289 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1290 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1291 ## only prepped once.
1293 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1295 my $table = $source->from;
1296 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1297 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->insert($table, \%colvalues);
1299 $self->_query_start( $sql, @bind );
1300 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1302 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1304 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1306 my $tuple_status = [];
1309 ##print STDERR Dumper( $data, $sql, [@bind] );
1313 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1314 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1316 ## Bind the values and execute
1317 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1319 foreach my $bound (@bind) {
1321 my $attributes = {};
1322 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1324 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1325 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1326 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1329 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1331 $sth->bind_param_array( $placeholder_index, [@data], $attributes );
1332 $placeholder_index++;
1334 my $rv = $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1335 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1337 $self->_query_end( $sql, @bind );
1338 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1342 my $self = shift @_;
1343 my $source = shift @_;
1344 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1346 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, @_);
1351 my $self = shift @_;
1352 my $source = shift @_;
1354 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## If ever it's needed...
1356 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @_);
1361 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1362 local $sql_maker->{for};
1363 return $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
1367 my ($self, $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1368 my $order = $attrs->{order_by};
1370 if (ref $condition eq 'SCALAR') {
1371 my $unwrap = ${$condition};
1372 if ($unwrap =~ s/ORDER BY (.*)$//i) {
1374 $condition = \$unwrap;
1378 my $for = delete $attrs->{for};
1379 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1380 $sql_maker->{for} = $for;
1382 if (exists $attrs->{group_by} || $attrs->{having}) {
1384 group_by => $attrs->{group_by},
1385 having => $attrs->{having},
1386 ($order ? (order_by => $order) : ())
1389 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## Future support
1390 my @args = ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $condition, $order);
1391 if ($attrs->{software_limit} ||
1392 $self->sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ") {
1393 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1395 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1396 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1398 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
1399 $attrs->{rows} = 2**48 if not defined $attrs->{rows} and defined $attrs->{offset};
1400 push @args, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1406 sub source_bind_attributes {
1407 my ($self, $source) = @_;
1409 my $bind_attributes;
1410 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
1412 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
1413 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
1417 return $bind_attributes;
1424 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
1428 Handle a SQL select statement.
1434 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1435 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
1440 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
1441 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1442 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
1443 if(@row && @nextrow) {
1444 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
1446 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
1455 =item Arguments: $sql
1459 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
1464 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1466 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1467 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1468 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1469 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1471 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1472 # but apparently that's not true :(
1473 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
1479 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
1480 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql);
1483 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
1484 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
1486 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
1489 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
1490 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
1492 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
1494 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
1495 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
1496 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
1497 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
1498 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
1499 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
1501 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
1504 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
1508 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
1510 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
1511 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
1513 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
1514 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
1515 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
1517 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
1518 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
1519 $column_info{size} = $2;
1522 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
1526 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
1527 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
1528 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
1530 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
1531 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
1532 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
1533 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
1540 sub columns_info_for {
1541 my ($self, $table) = @_;
1542 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_columns_info_for', $table);
1545 =head2 last_insert_id
1547 Return the row id of the last insert.
1551 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
1552 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
1553 # XXX This is a SQLite-ism as a default... is there a DBI-generic way?
1554 $dbh->func('last_insert_rowid');
1557 sub last_insert_id {
1559 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_last_insert_id', @_);
1564 Returns the database driver name.
1568 sub sqlt_type { shift->dbh->{Driver}->{Name} }
1570 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
1572 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
1573 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
1574 let the database planner just handle it.
1576 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
1580 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
1584 =head2 create_ddl_dir
1588 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
1592 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
1593 database types, in the given directory.
1595 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
1597 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
1599 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
1600 hashref like the following
1602 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
1606 sub create_ddl_dir {
1607 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
1609 if(!$dir || !-d $dir) {
1610 warn "No directory given, using ./\n";
1613 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
1614 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
1616 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
1617 $version ||= $schema_version;
1620 add_drop_table => 1,
1621 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
1622 ignore_index_names => 1,
1626 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't create a ddl file without SQL::Translator 0.09003: '}
1627 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1628 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1630 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
1632 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
1633 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema }) or die $sqlt->error;
1635 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
1637 $sqlt = $self->configure_sqlt($sqlt, $db);
1638 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
1639 $sqlt->producer($db);
1642 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
1643 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
1644 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
1645 warn "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
1649 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
1651 warn("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
1654 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
1655 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
1658 print $file $output;
1661 next unless ($preversion);
1663 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
1665 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
1666 if(!-e $prefilename) {
1667 warn("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
1671 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
1673 warn("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
1679 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1682 $t->parser( $db ) or die $t->error;
1683 $t = $self->configure_sqlt($t, $db);
1684 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename ) or die $t->error;
1685 $source_schema = $t->schema;
1686 unless ( $source_schema->name ) {
1687 $source_schema->name( $prefilename );
1691 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
1692 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
1693 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
1694 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
1696 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
1697 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1700 $t->parser( $db ) or die $t->error;
1701 $t = $self->configure_sqlt($t, $db);
1702 my $out = $t->translate( $filename ) or die $t->error;
1703 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
1704 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
1705 unless $dest_schema->name;
1708 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
1712 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
1713 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
1721 sub configure_sqlt() {
1724 my $db = shift || $self->sqlt_type;
1725 if ($db eq 'PostgreSQL') {
1726 $tr->quote_table_names(0);
1727 $tr->quote_field_names(0);
1732 =head2 deployment_statements
1736 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
1740 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
1741 The database driver name is given by C<$type>, though the value from
1742 L</sqlt_type> is used if it is not specified.
1744 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
1745 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
1746 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
1748 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
1749 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
1751 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
1755 sub deployment_statements {
1756 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
1757 # Need to be connected to get the correct sqlt_type
1758 $self->ensure_connected() unless $type;
1759 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
1760 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
1762 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $dir, $version);
1766 open($file, "<$filename")
1767 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
1770 return join('', @rows);
1773 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't deploy without SQL::Translator 0.09003: '}
1774 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1775 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1777 require SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class;
1778 eval qq{use SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}};
1779 $self->throw_exception($@) if $@;
1781 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
1783 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
1784 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
1786 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(%$sqltargs);
1787 SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class::parse( $tr, $schema );
1788 return "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}"->can('produce')->($tr);
1792 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
1795 return if($line =~ /^--/);
1797 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
1798 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
1799 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
1800 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
1801 $self->_query_start($line);
1803 $self->dbh->do($line); # shouldn't be using ->dbh ?
1806 warn qq{$@ (running "${line}")};
1808 $self->_query_end($line);
1810 my @statements = $self->deployment_statements($schema, $type, undef, $dir, { no_comments => 1, %{ $sqltargs || {} } } );
1811 if (@statements > 1) {
1812 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
1813 $deploy->( $statement );
1816 elsif (@statements == 1) {
1817 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
1823 =head2 datetime_parser
1825 Returns the datetime parser class
1829 sub datetime_parser {
1831 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
1832 $self->ensure_connected;
1833 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
1837 =head2 datetime_parser_type
1839 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
1840 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
1844 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
1846 =head2 build_datetime_parser
1848 See L</datetime_parser>
1852 sub build_datetime_parser {
1854 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
1856 $self->throw_exception("Couldn't load ${type}: $@") if $@;
1861 my $_check_sqlt_version; # private
1862 my $_check_sqlt_message; # private
1863 sub _check_sqlt_version {
1864 return $_check_sqlt_version if defined $_check_sqlt_version;
1865 eval 'use SQL::Translator "0.09003"';
1866 $_check_sqlt_message = $@ || '';
1867 $_check_sqlt_version = !$@;
1870 sub _check_sqlt_message {
1871 _check_sqlt_version if !defined $_check_sqlt_message;
1872 $_check_sqlt_message;
1876 =head2 is_replicating
1878 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
1879 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
1880 returned by databases that don't support replication.
1884 sub is_replicating {
1889 =head2 lag_behind_master
1891 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
1892 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
1893 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
1897 sub lag_behind_master {
1903 return if !$self->_dbh;
1912 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
1914 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
1915 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
1916 combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
1918 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
1919 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
1920 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
1921 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
1922 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
1923 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
1924 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
1930 The module defines a set of methods within the DBIC::SQL::Abstract
1931 namespace. These build on L<SQL::Abstract::Limit> to provide the
1932 SQL query functions.
1934 The following methods are extended:-
1948 See L</connect_info> for details.
1952 See L</connect_info> for details.
1956 See L</connect_info> for details.
1962 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
1964 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
1968 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.