1 package DBIx::Class::Schema;
6 use DBIx::Class::Exception;
7 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
8 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;
13 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
15 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('class_mappings' => {});
16 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('source_registrations' => {});
17 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage_type' => '::DBI');
18 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage');
19 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('exception_action');
20 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('stacktrace' => $ENV{DBIC_TRACE} || 0);
21 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('default_resultset_attributes' => {});
25 DBIx::Class::Schema - composable schemas
29 package Library::Schema;
30 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
32 # load Library::Schema::CD, Library::Schema::Book, Library::Schema::DVD
33 __PACKAGE__->load_classes(qw/CD Book DVD/);
35 package Library::Schema::CD;
36 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
37 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/PK::Auto Core/); # for example
38 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
40 # Elsewhere in your code:
41 my $schema1 = Library::Schema->connect(
48 my $schema2 = Library::Schema->connect($coderef_returning_dbh);
50 # fetch objects using Library::Schema::DVD
51 my $resultset = $schema1->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );
52 my @dvd_objects = $schema2->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );
56 Creates database classes based on a schema. This is the recommended way to
57 use L<DBIx::Class> and allows you to use more than one concurrent connection
60 NB: If you're used to L<Class::DBI> it's worth reading the L</SYNOPSIS>
61 carefully, as DBIx::Class does things a little differently. Note in
62 particular which module inherits off which.
70 =item Arguments: $moniker, $component_class
74 Registers a class which isa DBIx::Class::ResultSourceProxy. Equivalent to
77 $schema->register_source($moniker, $component_class->result_source_instance);
82 my ($self, $moniker, $to_register) = @_;
83 $self->register_source($moniker => $to_register->result_source_instance);
86 =head2 register_source
90 =item Arguments: $moniker, $result_source
94 Registers the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> in the schema with the given
102 $self->_register_source(@_);
105 =head2 register_extra_source
109 =item Arguments: $moniker, $result_source
113 As L</register_source> but should be used if the result class already
114 has a source and you want to register an extra one.
118 sub register_extra_source {
121 $self->_register_source(@_, { extra => 1 });
124 sub _register_source {
125 my ($self, $moniker, $source, $params) = @_;
127 %$source = %{ $source->new( { %$source, source_name => $moniker }) };
129 my %reg = %{$self->source_registrations};
130 $reg{$moniker} = $source;
131 $self->source_registrations(\%reg);
133 $source->schema($self);
134 weaken($source->{schema}) if ref($self);
135 return if ($params->{extra});
137 if ($source->result_class) {
138 my %map = %{$self->class_mappings};
139 if (exists $map{$source->result_class}) {
140 warn $source->result_class . ' already has a source, use register_extra_source for additional sources';
142 $map{$source->result_class} = $moniker;
143 $self->class_mappings(\%map);
147 sub _unregister_source {
148 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
149 my %reg = %{$self->source_registrations};
151 my $source = delete $reg{$moniker};
152 $self->source_registrations(\%reg);
153 if ($source->result_class) {
154 my %map = %{$self->class_mappings};
155 delete $map{$source->result_class};
156 $self->class_mappings(\%map);
164 =item Arguments: $moniker
166 =item Return Value: $classname
170 Retrieves the result class name for the given moniker. For example:
172 my $class = $schema->class('CD');
177 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
178 return $self->source($moniker)->result_class;
185 =item Arguments: $moniker
187 =item Return Value: $result_source
191 my $source = $schema->source('Book');
193 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> object for the registered moniker.
198 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
199 my $sreg = $self->source_registrations;
200 return $sreg->{$moniker} if exists $sreg->{$moniker};
202 # if we got here, they probably passed a full class name
203 my $mapped = $self->class_mappings->{$moniker};
204 $self->throw_exception("Can't find source for ${moniker}")
205 unless $mapped && exists $sreg->{$mapped};
206 return $sreg->{$mapped};
213 =item Return Value: @source_monikers
217 Returns the source monikers of all source registrations on this schema.
220 my @source_monikers = $schema->sources;
224 sub sources { return keys %{shift->source_registrations}; }
228 my $storage = $schema->storage;
230 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::Storage> object for this Schema.
236 =item Arguments: $moniker
238 =item Return Value: $result_set
242 my $rs = $schema->resultset('DVD');
244 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> object for the registered moniker.
249 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
250 return $self->source($moniker)->resultset;
257 =item Arguments: @classes?, { $namespace => [ @classes ] }+
261 With no arguments, this method uses L<Module::Find> to find all classes under
262 the schema's namespace. Otherwise, this method loads the classes you specify
263 (using L<use>), and registers them (using L</"register_class">).
265 It is possible to comment out classes with a leading C<#>, but note that perl
266 will think it's a mistake (trying to use a comment in a qw list), so you'll
267 need to add C<no warnings 'qw';> before your load_classes call.
271 My::Schema->load_classes(); # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist,
272 # etc. (anything under the My::Schema namespace)
274 # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist, Other::Namespace::Producer but
275 # not Other::Namespace::LinerNotes nor My::Schema::Track
276 My::Schema->load_classes(qw/ CD Artist #Track /, {
277 Other::Namespace => [qw/ Producer #LinerNotes /],
283 my ($class, @params) = @_;
288 foreach my $param (@params) {
289 if (ref $param eq 'ARRAY') {
290 # filter out commented entries
291 my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @$param;
293 push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, @modules);
295 elsif (ref $param eq 'HASH') {
296 # more than one namespace possible
297 for my $comp ( keys %$param ) {
298 # filter out commented entries
299 my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @{$param->{$comp}};
301 push (@{$comps_for{$comp}}, @modules);
305 # filter out commented entries
306 push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, $param) if $param !~ /^#/;
310 my @comp = map { substr $_, length "${class}::" }
311 Module::Find::findallmod($class);
312 $comps_for{$class} = \@comp;
317 no warnings qw/redefine/;
318 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
319 foreach my $prefix (keys %comps_for) {
320 foreach my $comp (@{$comps_for{$prefix}||[]}) {
321 my $comp_class = "${prefix}::${comp}";
322 { # try to untaint module name. mods where this fails
323 # are left alone so we don't have to change the old behavior
324 no locale; # localized \w doesn't untaint expression
325 if ( $comp_class =~ m/^( (?:\w+::)* \w+ )$/x ) {
329 $class->ensure_class_loaded($comp_class);
331 $comp = $comp_class->source_name || $comp;
333 push(@to_register, [ $comp, $comp_class ]);
337 Class::C3->reinitialize;
339 foreach my $to (@to_register) {
340 $class->register_class(@$to);
341 # if $class->can('result_source_instance');
345 =head2 load_namespaces
349 =item Arguments: %options?
353 This is an alternative to L</load_classes> above which assumes an alternative
354 layout for automatic class loading. It assumes that all result
355 classes are underneath a sub-namespace of the schema called C<Result>, any
356 corresponding ResultSet classes are underneath a sub-namespace of the schema
359 Both of the sub-namespaces are configurable if you don't like the defaults,
360 via the options C<result_namespace> and C<resultset_namespace>.
362 If (and only if) you specify the option C<default_resultset_class>, any found
363 Result classes for which we do not find a corresponding
364 ResultSet class will have their C<resultset_class> set to
365 C<default_resultset_class>.
367 C<load_namespaces> takes care of calling C<resultset_class> for you where
368 neccessary if you didn't do it for yourself.
370 All of the namespace and classname options to this method are relative to
371 the schema classname by default. To specify a fully-qualified name, prefix
372 it with a literal C<+>.
376 # load My::Schema::Result::CD, My::Schema::Result::Artist,
377 # My::Schema::ResultSet::CD, etc...
378 My::Schema->load_namespaces;
380 # Override everything to use ugly names.
381 # In this example, if there is a My::Schema::Res::Foo, but no matching
382 # My::Schema::RSets::Foo, then Foo will have its
383 # resultset_class set to My::Schema::RSetBase
384 My::Schema->load_namespaces(
385 result_namespace => 'Res',
386 resultset_namespace => 'RSets',
387 default_resultset_class => 'RSetBase',
390 # Put things in other namespaces
391 My::Schema->load_namespaces(
392 result_namespace => '+Some::Place::Results',
393 resultset_namespace => '+Another::Place::RSets',
396 If you'd like to use multiple namespaces of each type, simply use an arrayref
397 of namespaces for that option. In the case that the same result
398 (or resultset) class exists in multiple namespaces, the latter entries in
399 your list of namespaces will override earlier ones.
401 My::Schema->load_namespaces(
402 # My::Schema::Results_C::Foo takes precedence over My::Schema::Results_B::Foo :
403 result_namespace => [ 'Results_A', 'Results_B', 'Results_C' ],
404 resultset_namespace => [ '+Some::Place::RSets', 'RSets' ],
409 # Pre-pends our classname to the given relative classname or
410 # class namespace, unless there is a '+' prefix, which will
412 sub _expand_relative_name {
413 my ($class, $name) = @_;
415 $name = $class . '::' . $name if ! ($name =~ s/^\+//);
419 # returns a hash of $shortname => $fullname for every package
420 # found in the given namespaces ($shortname is with the $fullname's
421 # namespace stripped off)
422 sub _map_namespaces {
423 my ($class, @namespaces) = @_;
426 foreach my $namespace (@namespaces) {
429 map { (substr($_, length "${namespace}::"), $_) }
430 Module::Find::findallmod($namespace)
437 sub load_namespaces {
438 my ($class, %args) = @_;
440 my $result_namespace = delete $args{result_namespace} || 'Result';
441 my $resultset_namespace = delete $args{resultset_namespace} || 'ResultSet';
442 my $default_resultset_class = delete $args{default_resultset_class};
444 $class->throw_exception('load_namespaces: unknown option(s): '
445 . join(q{,}, map { qq{'$_'} } keys %args))
446 if scalar keys %args;
448 $default_resultset_class
449 = $class->_expand_relative_name($default_resultset_class);
451 for my $arg ($result_namespace, $resultset_namespace) {
452 $arg = [ $arg ] if !ref($arg) && $arg;
454 $class->throw_exception('load_namespaces: namespace arguments must be '
455 . 'a simple string or an arrayref')
456 if ref($arg) ne 'ARRAY';
458 $_ = $class->_expand_relative_name($_) for (@$arg);
461 my %results = $class->_map_namespaces(@$result_namespace);
462 my %resultsets = $class->_map_namespaces(@$resultset_namespace);
466 no warnings 'redefine';
467 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
468 use warnings 'redefine';
470 foreach my $result (keys %results) {
471 my $result_class = $results{$result};
472 $class->ensure_class_loaded($result_class);
473 $result_class->source_name($result) unless $result_class->source_name;
475 my $rs_class = delete $resultsets{$result};
476 my $rs_set = $result_class->resultset_class;
477 if($rs_set && $rs_set ne 'DBIx::Class::ResultSet') {
478 if($rs_class && $rs_class ne $rs_set) {
479 warn "We found ResultSet class '$rs_class' for '$result', but it seems "
480 . "that you had already set '$result' to use '$rs_set' instead";
483 elsif($rs_class ||= $default_resultset_class) {
484 $class->ensure_class_loaded($rs_class);
485 $result_class->resultset_class($rs_class);
488 push(@to_register, [ $result_class->source_name, $result_class ]);
492 foreach (sort keys %resultsets) {
493 warn "load_namespaces found ResultSet class $_ with no "
494 . 'corresponding Result class';
497 Class::C3->reinitialize;
498 $class->register_class(@$_) for (@to_register);
503 =head2 compose_connection (DEPRECATED)
507 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, @db_info
509 =item Return Value: $new_schema
513 DEPRECATED. You probably wanted compose_namespace.
515 Actually, you probably just wanted to call connect.
519 (hidden due to deprecation)
521 Calls L<DBIx::Class::Schema/"compose_namespace"> to the target namespace,
522 calls L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection> with @db_info on the new schema,
523 then injects the L<DBix::Class::ResultSetProxy> component and a
524 resultset_instance classdata entry on all the new classes, in order to support
525 $target_namespaces::$class->search(...) method calls.
527 This is primarily useful when you have a specific need for class method access
528 to a connection. In normal usage it is preferred to call
529 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect> and use the resulting schema object to operate
530 on L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> objects with L<DBIx::Class::Schema/resultset> for
540 sub compose_connection {
541 my ($self, $target, @info) = @_;
543 warn "compose_connection deprecated as of 0.08000"
544 unless ($INC{"DBIx/Class/CDBICompat.pm"} || $warn++);
546 my $base = 'DBIx::Class::ResultSetProxy';
547 eval "require ${base};";
548 $self->throw_exception
549 ("No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${base} ($@)")
552 if ($self eq $target) {
553 # Pathological case, largely caused by the docs on early C::M::DBIC::Plain
554 foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
555 my $source = $self->source($moniker);
556 my $class = $source->result_class;
557 $self->inject_base($class, $base);
558 $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
559 $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $self);
561 $self->connection(@info);
565 my $schema = $self->compose_namespace($target, $base);
568 my $name = join '::', $target, 'schema';
569 *$name = Sub::Name::subname $name, sub { $schema };
572 $schema->connection(@info);
573 foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
574 my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
575 my $class = $source->result_class;
576 #warn "$moniker $class $source ".$source->storage;
577 $class->mk_classdata(result_source_instance => $source);
578 $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
579 $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $schema);
585 =head2 compose_namespace
589 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, $additional_base_class?
591 =item Return Value: $new_schema
595 For each L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> in the schema, this method creates a
596 class in the target namespace (e.g. $target_namespace::CD,
597 $target_namespace::Artist) that inherits from the corresponding classes
598 attached to the current schema.
600 It also attaches a corresponding L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> object to the
601 new $schema object. If C<$additional_base_class> is given, the new composed
602 classes will inherit from first the corresponding classe from the current
603 schema then the base class.
605 For example, for a schema with My::Schema::CD and My::Schema::Artist classes,
607 $schema->compose_namespace('My::DB', 'Base::Class');
608 print join (', ', @My::DB::CD::ISA) . "\n";
609 print join (', ', @My::DB::Artist::ISA) ."\n";
611 will produce the output
613 My::Schema::CD, Base::Class
614 My::Schema::Artist, Base::Class
618 # this might be oversimplified
619 # sub compose_namespace {
620 # my ($self, $target, $base) = @_;
622 # my $schema = $self->clone;
623 # foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
624 # my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
625 # my $target_class = "${target}::${moniker}";
626 # $self->inject_base(
627 # $target_class => $source->result_class, ($base ? $base : ())
629 # $source->result_class($target_class);
630 # $target_class->result_source_instance($source)
631 # if $target_class->can('result_source_instance');
632 # $schema->register_source($moniker, $source);
637 sub compose_namespace {
638 my ($self, $target, $base) = @_;
639 my $schema = $self->clone;
641 no warnings qw/redefine/;
642 # local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
643 foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
644 my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
645 my $target_class = "${target}::${moniker}";
647 $target_class => $source->result_class, ($base ? $base : ())
649 $source->result_class($target_class);
650 $target_class->result_source_instance($source)
651 if $target_class->can('result_source_instance');
652 $schema->register_source($moniker, $source);
655 # Class::C3->reinitialize();
658 no warnings 'redefine';
659 foreach my $meth (qw/class source resultset/) {
660 *{"${target}::${meth}"} =
661 sub { shift->schema->$meth(@_) };
667 sub setup_connection_class {
668 my ($class, $target, @info) = @_;
669 $class->inject_base($target => 'DBIx::Class::DB');
670 #$target->load_components('DB');
671 $target->connection(@info);
678 =item Arguments: $storage_type|{$storage_type, \%args}
680 =item Return Value: $storage_type|{$storage_type, \%args}
684 Set the storage class that will be instantiated when L</connect> is called.
685 If the classname starts with C<::>, the prefix C<DBIx::Class::Storage> is
686 assumed by L</connect>. Defaults to C<::DBI>,
687 which is L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI>.
689 You want to use this to hardcoded subclasses of L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI>
690 in cases where the appropriate subclass is not autodetected, such as when
691 dealing with MSSQL via L<DBD::Sybase>, in which case you'd set it to
692 C<::DBI::Sybase::MSSQL>.
694 If your storage type requires instantiation arguments, those are defined as a
695 second argument in the form of a hashref and the entire value needs to be
696 wrapped into an arrayref or a hashref. We support both types of refs here in
697 order to play nice with your Config::[class] or your choice.
699 See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Replicated> for an example of this.
705 =item Arguments: @args
707 =item Return Value: $new_schema
711 Instantiates a new Storage object of type
712 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/"storage_type"> and passes the arguments to
713 $storage->connect_info. Sets the connection in-place on the schema.
715 See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"connect_info"> for DBI-specific syntax,
716 or L<DBIx::Class::Storage> in general.
721 my ($self, @info) = @_;
722 return $self if !@info && $self->storage;
724 my ($storage_class, $args) = ref $self->storage_type ?
725 ($self->_normalize_storage_type($self->storage_type),{}) : ($self->storage_type, {});
727 $storage_class = 'DBIx::Class::Storage'.$storage_class
728 if $storage_class =~ m/^::/;
729 eval "require ${storage_class};";
730 $self->throw_exception(
731 "No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${storage_class} ($@)"
733 my $storage = $storage_class->new($self=>$args);
734 $storage->connect_info(\@info);
735 $self->storage($storage);
739 sub _normalize_storage_type {
740 my ($self, $storage_type) = @_;
741 if(ref $storage_type eq 'ARRAY') {
742 return @$storage_type;
743 } elsif(ref $storage_type eq 'HASH') {
744 return %$storage_type;
746 $self->throw_exception('Unsupported REFTYPE given: '. ref $storage_type);
754 =item Arguments: @info
756 =item Return Value: $new_schema
760 This is a convenience method. It is equivalent to calling
761 $schema->clone->connection(@info). See L</connection> and L</clone> for more
766 sub connect { shift->clone->connection(@_) }
772 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>, @coderef_args?
774 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
778 Executes C<$coderef> with (optional) arguments C<@coderef_args> atomically,
779 returning its result (if any). Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->txn_do.
780 See L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"txn_do"> for more information.
782 This interface is preferred over using the individual methods L</txn_begin>,
783 L</txn_commit>, and L</txn_rollback> below.
790 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
791 ('txn_do called on $schema without storage');
793 $self->storage->txn_do(@_);
796 =head2 txn_scope_guard (EXPERIMENTAL)
798 Runs C<txn_scope_guard> on the schema's storage. See
799 L<DBIx::Class::Storage/txn_scope_guard>.
803 sub txn_scope_guard {
806 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
807 ('txn_scope_guard called on $schema without storage');
809 $self->storage->txn_scope_guard(@_);
814 Begins a transaction (does nothing if AutoCommit is off). Equivalent to
815 calling $schema->storage->txn_begin. See
816 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"txn_begin"> for more information.
823 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
824 ('txn_begin called on $schema without storage');
826 $self->storage->txn_begin;
831 Commits the current transaction. Equivalent to calling
832 $schema->storage->txn_commit. See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"txn_commit">
833 for more information.
840 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
841 ('txn_commit called on $schema without storage');
843 $self->storage->txn_commit;
848 Rolls back the current transaction. Equivalent to calling
849 $schema->storage->txn_rollback. See
850 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"txn_rollback"> for more information.
857 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
858 ('txn_rollback called on $schema without storage');
860 $self->storage->txn_rollback;
865 Creates a new savepoint (does nothing outside a transaction).
866 Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->svp_begin. See
867 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"svp_begin"> for more information.
872 my ($self, $name) = @_;
874 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
875 ('svp_begin called on $schema without storage');
877 $self->storage->svp_begin($name);
882 Releases a savepoint (does nothing outside a transaction).
883 Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->svp_release. See
884 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"svp_release"> for more information.
889 my ($self, $name) = @_;
891 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
892 ('svp_release called on $schema without storage');
894 $self->storage->svp_release($name);
899 Rollback to a savepoint (does nothing outside a transaction).
900 Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->svp_rollback. See
901 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"svp_rollback"> for more information.
906 my ($self, $name) = @_;
908 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
909 ('svp_rollback called on $schema without storage');
911 $self->storage->svp_rollback($name);
918 =item Return Value: $new_schema
922 Clones the schema and its associated result_source objects and returns the
929 my $clone = { (ref $self ? %$self : ()) };
930 bless $clone, (ref $self || $self);
932 $clone->class_mappings({ %{$clone->class_mappings} });
933 $clone->source_registrations({ %{$clone->source_registrations} });
934 foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
935 my $source = $self->source($moniker);
936 my $new = $source->new($source);
937 # we use extra here as we want to leave the class_mappings as they are
938 # but overwrite the source_registrations entry with the new source
939 $clone->register_extra_source($moniker => $new);
941 $clone->storage->set_schema($clone) if $clone->storage;
949 =item Arguments: $source_name, \@data;
953 Pass this method a resultsource name, and an arrayref of
954 arrayrefs. The arrayrefs should contain a list of column names,
955 followed by one or many sets of matching data for the given columns.
957 In void context, C<insert_bulk> in L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is used
958 to insert the data, as this is a fast method. However, insert_bulk currently
959 assumes that your datasets all contain the same type of values, using scalar
960 references in a column in one row, and not in another will probably not work.
962 Otherwise, each set of data is inserted into the database using
963 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/create>, and a arrayref of the resulting row
968 $schema->populate('Artist', [
969 [ qw/artistid name/ ],
970 [ 1, 'Popular Band' ],
975 Since wantarray context is basically the same as looping over $rs->create(...)
976 you won't see any performance benefits and in this case the method is more for
977 convenience. Void context sends the column information directly to storage
978 using <DBI>s bulk insert method. So the performance will be much better for
979 storages that support this method.
981 Because of this difference in the way void context inserts rows into your
982 database you need to note how this will effect any loaded components that
983 override or augment insert. For example if you are using a component such
984 as L<DBIx::Class::UUIDColumns> to populate your primary keys you MUST use
985 wantarray context if you want the PKs automatically created.
990 my ($self, $name, $data) = @_;
991 my $rs = $self->resultset($name);
992 my @names = @{shift(@$data)};
993 if(defined wantarray) {
995 foreach my $item (@$data) {
997 @create{@names} = @$item;
998 push(@created, $rs->create(\%create));
1002 my @results_to_create;
1003 foreach my $datum (@$data) {
1004 my %result_to_create;
1005 foreach my $index (0..$#names) {
1006 $result_to_create{$names[$index]} = $$datum[$index];
1008 push @results_to_create, \%result_to_create;
1010 $rs->populate(\@results_to_create);
1013 =head2 exception_action
1017 =item Arguments: $code_reference
1021 If C<exception_action> is set for this class/object, L</throw_exception>
1022 will prefer to call this code reference with the exception as an argument,
1023 rather than its normal C<croak> or C<confess> action.
1025 Your subroutine should probably just wrap the error in the exception
1026 object/class of your choosing and rethrow. If, against all sage advice,
1027 you'd like your C<exception_action> to suppress a particular exception
1028 completely, simply have it return true.
1033 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
1034 use My::ExceptionClass;
1035 __PACKAGE__->exception_action(sub { My::ExceptionClass->throw(@_) });
1036 __PACKAGE__->load_classes;
1039 my $schema_obj = My::Schema->connect( .... );
1040 $schema_obj->exception_action(sub { My::ExceptionClass->throw(@_) });
1042 # suppress all exceptions, like a moron:
1043 $schema_obj->exception_action(sub { 1 });
1049 =item Arguments: boolean
1053 Whether L</throw_exception> should include stack trace information.
1054 Defaults to false normally, but defaults to true if C<$ENV{DBIC_TRACE}>
1057 =head2 throw_exception
1061 =item Arguments: $message
1065 Throws an exception. Defaults to using L<Carp::Clan> to report errors from
1066 user's perspective. See L</exception_action> for details on overriding
1067 this method's behavior. If L</stacktrace> is turned on, C<throw_exception>'s
1068 default behavior will provide a detailed stack trace.
1072 sub throw_exception {
1075 DBIx::Class::Exception->throw($_[0], $self->stacktrace)
1076 if !$self->exception_action || !$self->exception_action->(@_);
1083 =item Arguments: $sqlt_args, $dir
1087 Attempts to deploy the schema to the current storage using L<SQL::Translator>.
1089 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>. The most
1090 common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1, } >> to have the SQL
1091 produced include a DROP TABLE statement for each table created.
1093 Additionally, the DBIx::Class parser accepts a C<sources> parameter as a hash
1094 ref or an array ref, containing a list of source to deploy. If present, then
1095 only the sources listed will get deployed. Furthermore, you can use the
1096 C<add_fk_index> parser parameter to prevent the parser from creating an index for each
1102 my ($self, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
1103 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without storage") unless $self->storage;
1104 $self->storage->deploy($self, undef, $sqltargs, $dir);
1107 =head2 deployment_statements
1111 =item Arguments: $rdbms_type
1115 Returns the SQL statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
1116 C<$rdbms_type> provides the DBI database driver name for which the SQL
1117 statements are produced. If not supplied, the type of the current schema storage
1122 sub deployment_statements {
1123 my ($self, $rdbms_type) = @_;
1125 $self->throw_exception("Can't generate deployment statements without a storage")
1126 if not $self->storage;
1128 $self->storage->deployment_statements($self, $rdbms_type);
1131 =head2 create_ddl_dir (EXPERIMENTAL)
1135 =item Arguments: \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, $sqlt_args
1139 Creates an SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
1140 database types, in the given directory. Given a previous version number,
1141 this will also create a file containing the ALTER TABLE statements to
1142 transform the previous schema into the current one. Note that these
1143 statements may contain DROP TABLE or DROP COLUMN statements that can
1144 potentially destroy data.
1146 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
1147 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
1148 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
1149 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
1151 See L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy> for details of $sqlt_args.
1153 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are used:
1157 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
1159 =item version - $schema->VERSION
1161 =item directory - './'
1163 =item preversion - <none>
1167 Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly
1168 across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships.
1170 WARNING: Please check all SQL files created, before applying them.
1174 sub create_ddl_dir {
1177 $self->throw_exception("Can't create_ddl_dir without storage") unless $self->storage;
1178 $self->storage->create_ddl_dir($self, @_);
1185 =item Arguments: $database-type, $version, $directory, $preversion
1189 my $filename = $table->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir, $preversion)
1191 This method is called by C<create_ddl_dir> to compose a file name out of
1192 the supplied directory, database type and version number. The default file
1193 name format is: C<$dir$schema-$version-$type.sql>.
1195 You may override this method in your schema if you wish to use a different
1201 my ($self, $type, $version, $dir, $preversion) = @_;
1203 my $filename = ref($self);
1204 $filename =~ s/::/-/g;
1205 $filename = File::Spec->catfile($dir, "$filename-$version-$type.sql");
1206 $filename =~ s/$version/$preversion-$version/ if($preversion);
1211 =head2 sqlt_deploy_hook($sqlt_schema)
1213 An optional sub which you can declare in your own Schema class that will get
1214 passed the L<SQL::Translator::Schema> object when you deploy the schema via
1215 L</create_ddl_dir> or L</deploy>.
1217 For an example of what you can do with this, see
1218 L<DBIx::Class::Manual::Cookbook/Adding Indexes And Functions To Your SQL>.
1222 Provided as the recommened way of thawing schema objects. You can call
1223 C<Storable::thaw> directly if you wish, but the thawed objects will not have a
1224 reference to any schema, so are rather useless
1229 my ($self, $obj) = @_;
1230 local $DBIx::Class::ResultSourceHandle::thaw_schema = $self;
1231 return Storable::thaw($obj);
1236 This doesn't actualy do anything more than call L<Storable/freeze>, it is just
1237 provided here for symetry.
1242 return Storable::freeze($_[1]);
1247 Recommeneded way of dcloning objects. This is needed to properly maintain
1248 references to the schema object (which itself is B<not> cloned.)
1253 my ($self, $obj) = @_;
1254 local $DBIx::Class::ResultSourceHandle::thaw_schema = $self;
1255 return Storable::dclone($obj);
1258 =head2 schema_version
1260 Returns the current schema class' $VERSION
1264 sub schema_version {
1266 my $class = ref($self)||$self;
1268 # does -not- use $schema->VERSION
1269 # since that varies in results depending on if version.pm is installed, and if
1270 # so the perl or XS versions. If you want this to change, bug the version.pm
1271 # author to make vpp and vxs behave the same.
1276 $version = ${"${class}::VERSION"};
1285 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
1289 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.