1 package DBIx::Class::Schema;
6 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
7 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;
9 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
11 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('class_mappings' => {});
12 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('source_registrations' => {});
13 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage_type' => '::DBI');
14 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage');
18 DBIx::Class::Schema - composable schemas
22 package Library::Schema;
23 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
25 # load Library::Schema::CD, Library::Schema::Book, Library::Schema::DVD
26 __PACKAGE__->load_classes(qw/CD Book DVD/);
28 package Library::Schema::CD;
29 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
30 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/PK::Auto Core/); # for example
31 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
33 # Elsewhere in your code:
34 my $schema1 = Library::Schema->connect(
41 my $schema2 = Library::Schema->connect($coderef_returning_dbh);
43 # fetch objects using Library::Schema::DVD
44 my $resultset = $schema1->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );
45 my @dvd_objects = $schema2->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );
49 Creates database classes based on a schema. This is the recommended way to
50 use L<DBIx::Class> and allows you to use more than one concurrent connection
53 NB: If you're used to L<Class::DBI> it's worth reading the L</SYNOPSIS>
54 carefully, as DBIx::Class does things a little differently. Note in
55 particular which module inherits off which.
63 =item Arguments: $moniker, $component_class
67 Registers a class which isa DBIx::Class::ResultSourceProxy. Equivalent to
70 $schema->register_source($moniker, $component_class->result_source_instance);
75 my ($self, $moniker, $to_register) = @_;
76 $self->register_source($moniker => $to_register->result_source_instance);
79 =head2 register_source
83 =item Arguments: $moniker, $result_source
87 Registers the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> in the schema with the given
93 my ($self, $moniker, $source) = @_;
94 my %reg = %{$self->source_registrations};
95 $reg{$moniker} = $source;
96 $self->source_registrations(\%reg);
97 $source->schema($self);
98 weaken($source->{schema}) if ref($self);
99 if ($source->result_class) {
100 my %map = %{$self->class_mappings};
101 $map{$source->result_class} = $moniker;
102 $self->class_mappings(\%map);
110 =item Arguments: $moniker
112 =item Return Value: $classname
116 Retrieves the result class name for the given moniker. For example:
118 my $class = $schema->class('CD');
123 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
124 return $self->source($moniker)->result_class;
131 =item Arguments: $moniker
133 =item Return Value: $result_source
137 my $source = $schema->source('Book');
139 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> object for the registered moniker.
144 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
145 my $sreg = $self->source_registrations;
146 return $sreg->{$moniker} if exists $sreg->{$moniker};
148 # if we got here, they probably passed a full class name
149 my $mapped = $self->class_mappings->{$moniker};
150 $self->throw_exception("Can't find source for ${moniker}")
151 unless $mapped && exists $sreg->{$mapped};
152 return $sreg->{$mapped};
159 =item Return Value: @source_monikers
163 Returns the source monikers of all source registrations on this schema.
166 my @source_monikers = $schema->sources;
170 sub sources { return keys %{shift->source_registrations}; }
176 =item Arguments: $moniker
178 =item Return Value: $result_set
182 my $rs = $schema->resultset('DVD');
184 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> object for the registered moniker.
189 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
190 return $self->source($moniker)->resultset;
197 =item Arguments: @classes?, { $namespace => [ @classes ] }+
201 With no arguments, this method uses L<Module::Find> to find all classes under
202 the schema's namespace. Otherwise, this method loads the classes you specify
203 (using L<use>), and registers them (using L</"register_class">).
205 It is possible to comment out classes with a leading C<#>, but note that perl
206 will think it's a mistake (trying to use a comment in a qw list), so you'll
207 need to add C<no warnings 'qw';> before your load_classes call.
211 My::Schema->load_classes(); # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist,
212 # etc. (anything under the My::Schema namespace)
214 # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist, Other::Namespace::Producer but
215 # not Other::Namespace::LinerNotes nor My::Schema::Track
216 My::Schema->load_classes(qw/ CD Artist #Track /, {
217 Other::Namespace => [qw/ Producer #LinerNotes /],
223 my ($class, @params) = @_;
228 foreach my $param (@params) {
229 if (ref $param eq 'ARRAY') {
230 # filter out commented entries
231 my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @$param;
233 push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, @modules);
235 elsif (ref $param eq 'HASH') {
236 # more than one namespace possible
237 for my $comp ( keys %$param ) {
238 # filter out commented entries
239 my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @{$param->{$comp}};
241 push (@{$comps_for{$comp}}, @modules);
245 # filter out commented entries
246 push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, $param) if $param !~ /^#/;
250 eval "require Module::Find;";
251 $class->throw_exception(
252 "No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load Module::Find ($@)"
254 my @comp = map { substr $_, length "${class}::" }
255 Module::Find::findallmod($class);
256 $comps_for{$class} = \@comp;
261 no warnings qw/redefine/;
262 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
263 foreach my $prefix (keys %comps_for) {
264 foreach my $comp (@{$comps_for{$prefix}||[]}) {
265 my $comp_class = "${prefix}::${comp}";
266 $class->ensure_class_loaded($comp_class);
267 $comp_class->source_name($comp) unless $comp_class->source_name;
269 push(@to_register, [ $comp_class->source_name, $comp_class ]);
273 Class::C3->reinitialize;
275 foreach my $to (@to_register) {
276 $class->register_class(@$to);
277 # if $class->can('result_source_instance');
281 =head2 compose_connection
285 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, @db_info
287 =item Return Value: $new_schema
291 Calls L<DBIx::Class::Schema/"compose_namespace"> to the target namespace,
292 calls L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection> with @db_info on the new schema,
293 then injects the L<DBix::Class::ResultSetProxy> component and a
294 resultset_instance classdata entry on all the new classes, in order to support
295 $target_namespaces::$class->search(...) method calls.
297 This is primarily useful when you have a specific need for class method access
298 to a connection. In normal usage it is preferred to call
299 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect> and use the resulting schema object to operate
300 on L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> objects with L<DBIx::Class::Schema/resultset> for
305 sub compose_connection {
306 my ($self, $target, @info) = @_;
307 my $base = 'DBIx::Class::ResultSetProxy';
308 eval "require ${base};";
309 $self->throw_exception
310 ("No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${base} ($@)")
313 if ($self eq $target) {
314 # Pathological case, largely caused by the docs on early C::M::DBIC::Plain
315 foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
316 my $source = $self->source($moniker);
317 my $class = $source->result_class;
318 $self->inject_base($class, $base);
319 $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
320 $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $self);
322 $self->connection(@info);
326 my $schema = $self->compose_namespace($target, $base);
329 *{"${target}::schema"} = sub { $schema };
332 $schema->connection(@info);
333 foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
334 my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
335 my $class = $source->result_class;
336 #warn "$moniker $class $source ".$source->storage;
337 $class->mk_classdata(result_source_instance => $source);
338 $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
339 $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $schema);
344 =head2 compose_namespace
348 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, $additional_base_class?
350 =item Return Value: $new_schema
354 For each L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> in the schema, this method creates a
355 class in the target namespace (e.g. $target_namespace::CD,
356 $target_namespace::Artist) that inherits from the corresponding classes
357 attached to the current schema.
359 It also attaches a corresponding L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> object to the
360 new $schema object. If C<$additional_base_class> is given, the new composed
361 classes will inherit from first the corresponding classe from the current
362 schema then the base class.
364 For example, for a schema with My::Schema::CD and My::Schema::Artist classes,
366 $schema->compose_namespace('My::DB', 'Base::Class');
367 print join (', ', @My::DB::CD::ISA) . "\n";
368 print join (', ', @My::DB::Artist::ISA) ."\n";
370 will produce the output
372 My::Schema::CD, Base::Class
373 My::Schema::Artist, Base::Class
377 sub compose_namespace {
378 my ($self, $target, $base) = @_;
379 my %reg = %{ $self->source_registrations };
382 my $schema = $self->clone;
384 no warnings qw/redefine/;
385 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
386 foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
387 my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
388 my $target_class = "${target}::${moniker}";
390 $target_class => $source->result_class, ($base ? $base : ())
392 $source->result_class($target_class);
393 $target_class->result_source_instance($source)
394 if $target_class->can('result_source_instance');
397 Class::C3->reinitialize();
400 foreach my $meth (qw/class source resultset/) {
401 *{"${target}::${meth}"} =
402 sub { shift->schema->$meth(@_) };
408 =head2 setup_connection_class
412 =item Arguments: $target, @info
416 Sets up a database connection class to inject between the schema and the
417 subclasses that the schema creates.
421 sub setup_connection_class {
422 my ($class, $target, @info) = @_;
423 $class->inject_base($target => 'DBIx::Class::DB');
424 #$target->load_components('DB');
425 $target->connection(@info);
432 =item Arguments: @args
434 =item Return Value: $new_schema
438 Instantiates a new Storage object of type
439 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/"storage_type"> and passes the arguments to
440 $storage->connect_info. Sets the connection in-place on the schema. See
441 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"connect_info"> for more information.
446 my ($self, @info) = @_;
447 return $self if !@info && $self->storage;
448 my $storage_class = $self->storage_type;
449 $storage_class = 'DBIx::Class::Storage'.$storage_class
450 if $storage_class =~ m/^::/;
451 eval "require ${storage_class};";
452 $self->throw_exception(
453 "No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${storage_class} ($@)"
455 my $storage = $storage_class->new;
456 $storage->connect_info(\@info);
457 $self->storage($storage);
465 =item Arguments: @info
467 =item Return Value: $new_schema
471 This is a convenience method. It is equivalent to calling
472 $schema->clone->connection(@info). See L</connection> and L</clone> for more
477 sub connect { shift->clone->connection(@_) }
481 Begins a transaction (does nothing if AutoCommit is off). Equivalent to
482 calling $schema->storage->txn_begin. See
483 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"txn_begin"> for more information.
487 sub txn_begin { shift->storage->txn_begin }
491 Commits the current transaction. Equivalent to calling
492 $schema->storage->txn_commit. See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"txn_commit">
493 for more information.
497 sub txn_commit { shift->storage->txn_commit }
501 Rolls back the current transaction. Equivalent to calling
502 $schema->storage->txn_rollback. See
503 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"txn_rollback"> for more information.
507 sub txn_rollback { shift->storage->txn_rollback }
513 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>, @coderef_args?
515 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
519 Executes C<$coderef> with (optional) arguments C<@coderef_args> atomically,
520 returning its result (if any). If an exception is caught, a rollback is issued
521 and the exception is rethrown. If the rollback fails, (i.e. throws an
522 exception) an exception is thrown that includes a "Rollback failed" message.
526 my $author_rs = $schema->resultset('Author')->find(1);
527 my @titles = qw/Night Day It/;
530 # If any one of these fails, the entire transaction fails
531 $author_rs->create_related('books', {
533 }) foreach (@titles);
535 return $author->books;
540 $rs = $schema->txn_do($coderef);
543 if ($@) { # Transaction failed
544 die "something terrible has happened!" #
545 if ($@ =~ /Rollback failed/); # Rollback failed
547 deal_with_failed_transaction();
550 In a nested transaction (calling txn_do() from within a txn_do() coderef) only
551 the outermost transaction will issue a L<DBIx::Class::Schema/"txn_commit"> on
552 the Schema's storage, and txn_do() can be called in void, scalar and list
553 context and it will behave as expected.
558 my ($self, $coderef, @args) = @_;
560 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
561 ('txn_do called on $schema without storage');
562 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
563 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
565 my (@return_values, $return_value);
567 $self->txn_begin; # If this throws an exception, no rollback is needed
569 my $wantarray = wantarray; # Need to save this since the context
570 # inside the eval{} block is independent
571 # of the context that called txn_do()
574 # Need to differentiate between scalar/list context to allow for
575 # returning a list in scalar context to get the size of the list
578 @return_values = $coderef->(@args);
579 } elsif (defined $wantarray) {
581 $return_value = $coderef->(@args);
597 my $rollback_error = $@;
598 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
599 $self->throw_exception($error) # propagate nested rollback
600 if $rollback_error =~ /$exception_class/;
602 $self->throw_exception(
603 "Transaction aborted: $error. Rollback failed: ${rollback_error}"
606 $self->throw_exception($error); # txn failed but rollback succeeded
610 return $wantarray ? @return_values : $return_value;
617 =item Return Value: $new_schema
621 Clones the schema and its associated result_source objects and returns the
628 my $clone = { (ref $self ? %$self : ()) };
629 bless $clone, (ref $self || $self);
631 foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
632 my $source = $self->source($moniker);
633 my $new = $source->new($source);
634 $clone->register_source($moniker => $new);
643 =item Arguments: $moniker, \@data;
647 Populates the source registered with the given moniker with the supplied data.
648 @data should be a list of listrefs -- the first containing column names, the
649 second matching values.
653 $schema->populate('Artist', [
654 [ qw/artistid name/ ],
655 [ 1, 'Popular Band' ],
663 my ($self, $name, $data) = @_;
664 my $rs = $self->resultset($name);
665 my @names = @{shift(@$data)};
667 foreach my $item (@$data) {
669 @create{@names} = @$item;
670 push(@created, $rs->create(\%create));
675 =head2 throw_exception
679 =item Arguments: $message
683 Throws an exception. Defaults to using L<Carp::Clan> to report errors from
688 sub throw_exception {
693 =head2 deploy (EXPERIMENTAL)
697 =item Arguments: $sqlt_args
701 Attempts to deploy the schema to the current storage using L<SQL::Translator>.
703 Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly
704 across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships.
706 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>. The most
707 common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1, } >> to have the SQL
708 produced include a DROP TABLE statement for each table created.
713 my ($self, $sqltargs) = @_;
714 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without storage") unless $self->storage;
715 $self->storage->deploy($self, undef, $sqltargs);
718 =head2 create_ddl_dir (EXPERIMENTAL)
722 =item Arguments: \@databases, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
726 Creates an SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
727 database types, in the given directory.
729 Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly
730 across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships.
738 $self->throw_exception("Can't create_ddl_dir without storage") unless $self->storage;
739 $self->storage->create_ddl_dir($self, @_);
742 =head2 ddl_filename (EXPERIMENTAL)
744 my $filename = $table->ddl_filename($type, $dir, $version)
746 Creates a filename for a SQL file based on the table class name. Not
747 intended for direct end user use.
753 my ($self, $type, $dir, $version) = @_;
755 my $filename = ref($self);
756 $filename =~ s/::/-/;
757 $filename = "$dir$filename-$version-$type.sql";
766 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
770 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.