1 package DBIx::Class::Schema;
6 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
7 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;
9 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
11 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('class_mappings' => {});
12 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('source_registrations' => {});
13 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage_type' => '::DBI');
14 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage');
18 DBIx::Class::Schema - composable schemas
22 package Library::Schema;
23 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
25 # load Library::Schema::CD, Library::Schema::Book, Library::Schema::DVD
26 __PACKAGE__->load_classes(qw/CD Book DVD/);
28 package Library::Schema::CD;
29 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
30 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/PK::Auto Core/); # for example
31 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
33 # Elsewhere in your code:
34 my $schema1 = Library::Schema->connect(
41 my $schema2 = Library::Schema->connect($coderef_returning_dbh);
43 # fetch objects using Library::Schema::DVD
44 my $resultset = $schema1->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );
45 my @dvd_objects = $schema2->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );
49 Creates database classes based on a schema. This is the recommended way to
50 use L<DBIx::Class> and allows you to use more than one concurrent connection
53 NB: If you're used to L<Class::DBI> it's worth reading the L</SYNOPSIS>
54 carefully, as DBIx::Class does things a little differently. Note in
55 particular which module inherits off which.
63 =item Arguments: $moniker, $component_class
67 Registers a class which isa DBIx::Class::ResultSourceProxy. Equivalent to
70 $schema->register_source($moniker, $component_class->result_source_instance);
75 my ($self, $moniker, $to_register) = @_;
76 $self->register_source($moniker => $to_register->result_source_instance);
79 =head2 register_source
83 =item Arguments: $moniker, $result_source
87 Registers the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> in the schema with the given
93 my ($self, $moniker, $source) = @_;
94 my %reg = %{$self->source_registrations};
95 $reg{$moniker} = $source;
96 $self->source_registrations(\%reg);
97 $source->schema($self);
98 weaken($source->{schema}) if ref($self);
99 if ($source->result_class) {
100 my %map = %{$self->class_mappings};
101 $map{$source->result_class} = $moniker;
102 $self->class_mappings(\%map);
110 =item Arguments: $moniker
112 =item Return Value: $classname
116 Retrieves the result class name for the given moniker. For example:
118 my $class = $schema->class('CD');
123 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
124 return $self->source($moniker)->result_class;
131 =item Arguments: $moniker
133 =item Return Value: $result_source
137 my $source = $schema->source('Book');
139 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> object for the registered moniker.
144 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
145 my $sreg = $self->source_registrations;
146 return $sreg->{$moniker} if exists $sreg->{$moniker};
148 # if we got here, they probably passed a full class name
149 my $mapped = $self->class_mappings->{$moniker};
150 $self->throw_exception("Can't find source for ${moniker}")
151 unless $mapped && exists $sreg->{$mapped};
152 return $sreg->{$mapped};
159 =item Return Value: @source_monikers
163 Returns the source monikers of all source registrations on this schema.
166 my @source_monikers = $schema->sources;
170 sub sources { return keys %{shift->source_registrations}; }
176 =item Arguments: $moniker
178 =item Return Value: $result_set
182 my $rs = $schema->resultset('DVD');
184 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> object for the registered moniker.
189 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
190 return $self->source($moniker)->resultset;
197 =item Arguments: @classes?, { $namespace => [ @classes ] }+
201 With no arguments, this method uses L<Module::Find> to find all classes under
202 the schema's namespace. Otherwise, this method loads the classes you specify
203 (using L<use>), and registers them (using L</"register_class">).
205 It is possible to comment out classes with a leading C<#>, but note that perl
206 will think it's a mistake (trying to use a comment in a qw list), so you'll
207 need to add C<no warnings 'qw';> before your load_classes call.
211 My::Schema->load_classes(); # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist,
212 # etc. (anything under the My::Schema namespace)
214 # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist, Other::Namespace::Producer but
215 # not Other::Namespace::LinerNotes nor My::Schema::Track
216 My::Schema->load_classes(qw/ CD Artist #Track /, {
217 Other::Namespace => [qw/ Producer #LinerNotes /],
223 my ($class, @params) = @_;
228 foreach my $param (@params) {
229 if (ref $param eq 'ARRAY') {
230 # filter out commented entries
231 my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @$param;
233 push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, @modules);
235 elsif (ref $param eq 'HASH') {
236 # more than one namespace possible
237 for my $comp ( keys %$param ) {
238 # filter out commented entries
239 my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @{$param->{$comp}};
241 push (@{$comps_for{$comp}}, @modules);
245 # filter out commented entries
246 push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, $param) if $param !~ /^#/;
250 eval "require Module::Find;";
251 $class->throw_exception(
252 "No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load Module::Find ($@)"
254 my @comp = map { substr $_, length "${class}::" }
255 Module::Find::findallmod($class);
256 $comps_for{$class} = \@comp;
261 no warnings qw/redefine/;
262 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
263 foreach my $prefix (keys %comps_for) {
264 foreach my $comp (@{$comps_for{$prefix}||[]}) {
265 my $comp_class = "${prefix}::${comp}";
266 $class->ensure_class_loaded($comp_class);
267 $comp_class->source_name($comp) unless $comp_class->source_name;
269 push(@to_register, [ $comp_class->source_name, $comp_class ]);
273 Class::C3->reinitialize;
275 foreach my $to (@to_register) {
276 $class->register_class(@$to);
277 # if $class->can('result_source_instance');
281 =head2 load_namespaces
285 =item Arguments: None
289 This is an alternative to L</load_classes> above which assumes an alternative
290 layout for automatic class loading. This variant takes no arguments. It
291 assumes that all ResultSource classes to be loaded are underneath a sub-
292 namespace of the schema called "ResultSource", and any corresponding
293 ResultSet classes to be underneath a sub-namespace of the schema called
296 Any missing ResultSet definitions will be created in memory as basic
297 inheritors of L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet>. You don't need to explicitly
298 specify the result_class of the sources unless you wish to override
299 the naming convention above.
301 This method requires L<Module::Find> to be installed on the system.
305 My::Schema->load_namespaces;
306 # loads My::Schema::ResultSource::CD, My::Schema::ResultSource::Artist,
307 # My::Schema::ResultSet::CD, etc...
311 sub load_namespaces {
314 my $source_namespace = $class . '::ResultSource';
315 my $resultset_namespace = $class . '::ResultSet';
317 eval "require Module::Find";
318 $class->throw_exception("Couldn't load Module::Find ($@)") if $@;
320 my %sources = map { (substr($_, length "${source_namespace}::"), $_) }
321 Module::Find::findallmod($source_namespace);
323 my %resultsets = map { (substr($_, length "${resultset_namespace}::"), $_) }
324 Module::Find::findallmod($resultset_namespace);
328 no warnings qw/redefine/;
329 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
330 foreach my $source (keys %sources) {
331 my $source_class = $sources{$source};
332 $class->ensure_class_loaded($source_class);
333 $source_class->source_name($source) unless $source_class->source_name;
334 unless($source_class->resultset_class) {
335 if(my $rs_class = delete $resultsets{$source}) {
336 $class->ensure_class_loaded($rs_class);
337 $source_class->resultset_class($rs_class);
340 require DBIx::Class::ResultSet;
341 my $rs_class = "${class}::ResultSet::$source";
342 @{"$rs_class::ISA"} = 'DBIx::Class::ResultSet';
343 $source_class->resultset_class($rs_class);
347 push(@to_register, [ $source_class->source_name, $source_class ]);
351 foreach (keys %resultsets) {
352 warn "load_namespaces found ResultSet $_ with no "
353 . 'corresponding ResultSource';
356 Class::C3->reinitialize;
358 foreach my $to (@to_register) {
359 $class->register_class(@$to);
360 # if $class->can('result_source_instance');
364 =head2 compose_connection
368 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, @db_info
370 =item Return Value: $new_schema
374 Calls L<DBIx::Class::Schema/"compose_namespace"> to the target namespace,
375 calls L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection> with @db_info on the new schema,
376 then injects the L<DBix::Class::ResultSetProxy> component and a
377 resultset_instance classdata entry on all the new classes, in order to support
378 $target_namespaces::$class->search(...) method calls.
380 This is primarily useful when you have a specific need for class method access
381 to a connection. In normal usage it is preferred to call
382 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect> and use the resulting schema object to operate
383 on L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> objects with L<DBIx::Class::Schema/resultset> for
388 sub compose_connection {
389 my ($self, $target, @info) = @_;
390 my $base = 'DBIx::Class::ResultSetProxy';
391 eval "require ${base};";
392 $self->throw_exception
393 ("No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${base} ($@)")
396 if ($self eq $target) {
397 # Pathological case, largely caused by the docs on early C::M::DBIC::Plain
398 foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
399 my $source = $self->source($moniker);
400 my $class = $source->result_class;
401 $self->inject_base($class, $base);
402 $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
403 $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $self);
405 $self->connection(@info);
409 my $schema = $self->compose_namespace($target, $base);
412 *{"${target}::schema"} = sub { $schema };
415 $schema->connection(@info);
416 foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
417 my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
418 my $class = $source->result_class;
419 #warn "$moniker $class $source ".$source->storage;
420 $class->mk_classdata(result_source_instance => $source);
421 $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
422 $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $schema);
427 =head2 compose_namespace
431 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, $additional_base_class?
433 =item Return Value: $new_schema
437 For each L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> in the schema, this method creates a
438 class in the target namespace (e.g. $target_namespace::CD,
439 $target_namespace::Artist) that inherits from the corresponding classes
440 attached to the current schema.
442 It also attaches a corresponding L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> object to the
443 new $schema object. If C<$additional_base_class> is given, the new composed
444 classes will inherit from first the corresponding classe from the current
445 schema then the base class.
447 For example, for a schema with My::Schema::CD and My::Schema::Artist classes,
449 $schema->compose_namespace('My::DB', 'Base::Class');
450 print join (', ', @My::DB::CD::ISA) . "\n";
451 print join (', ', @My::DB::Artist::ISA) ."\n";
453 will produce the output
455 My::Schema::CD, Base::Class
456 My::Schema::Artist, Base::Class
460 sub compose_namespace {
461 my ($self, $target, $base) = @_;
462 my %reg = %{ $self->source_registrations };
465 my $schema = $self->clone;
467 no warnings qw/redefine/;
468 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
469 foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
470 my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
471 my $target_class = "${target}::${moniker}";
473 $target_class => $source->result_class, ($base ? $base : ())
475 $source->result_class($target_class);
476 $target_class->result_source_instance($source)
477 if $target_class->can('result_source_instance');
480 Class::C3->reinitialize();
483 foreach my $meth (qw/class source resultset/) {
484 *{"${target}::${meth}"} =
485 sub { shift->schema->$meth(@_) };
491 =head2 setup_connection_class
495 =item Arguments: $target, @info
499 Sets up a database connection class to inject between the schema and the
500 subclasses that the schema creates.
504 sub setup_connection_class {
505 my ($class, $target, @info) = @_;
506 $class->inject_base($target => 'DBIx::Class::DB');
507 #$target->load_components('DB');
508 $target->connection(@info);
515 =item Arguments: @args
517 =item Return Value: $new_schema
521 Instantiates a new Storage object of type
522 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/"storage_type"> and passes the arguments to
523 $storage->connect_info. Sets the connection in-place on the schema. See
524 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"connect_info"> for more information.
529 my ($self, @info) = @_;
530 return $self if !@info && $self->storage;
531 my $storage_class = $self->storage_type;
532 $storage_class = 'DBIx::Class::Storage'.$storage_class
533 if $storage_class =~ m/^::/;
534 eval "require ${storage_class};";
535 $self->throw_exception(
536 "No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${storage_class} ($@)"
538 my $storage = $storage_class->new;
539 $storage->connect_info(\@info);
540 $self->storage($storage);
548 =item Arguments: @info
550 =item Return Value: $new_schema
554 This is a convenience method. It is equivalent to calling
555 $schema->clone->connection(@info). See L</connection> and L</clone> for more
560 sub connect { shift->clone->connection(@_) }
564 Begins a transaction (does nothing if AutoCommit is off). Equivalent to
565 calling $schema->storage->txn_begin. See
566 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"txn_begin"> for more information.
570 sub txn_begin { shift->storage->txn_begin }
574 Commits the current transaction. Equivalent to calling
575 $schema->storage->txn_commit. See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"txn_commit">
576 for more information.
580 sub txn_commit { shift->storage->txn_commit }
584 Rolls back the current transaction. Equivalent to calling
585 $schema->storage->txn_rollback. See
586 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"txn_rollback"> for more information.
590 sub txn_rollback { shift->storage->txn_rollback }
596 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>, @coderef_args?
598 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
602 Executes C<$coderef> with (optional) arguments C<@coderef_args> atomically,
603 returning its result (if any). If an exception is caught, a rollback is issued
604 and the exception is rethrown. If the rollback fails, (i.e. throws an
605 exception) an exception is thrown that includes a "Rollback failed" message.
609 my $author_rs = $schema->resultset('Author')->find(1);
610 my @titles = qw/Night Day It/;
613 # If any one of these fails, the entire transaction fails
614 $author_rs->create_related('books', {
616 }) foreach (@titles);
618 return $author->books;
623 $rs = $schema->txn_do($coderef);
626 if ($@) { # Transaction failed
627 die "something terrible has happened!" #
628 if ($@ =~ /Rollback failed/); # Rollback failed
630 deal_with_failed_transaction();
633 In a nested transaction (calling txn_do() from within a txn_do() coderef) only
634 the outermost transaction will issue a L<DBIx::Class::Schema/"txn_commit"> on
635 the Schema's storage, and txn_do() can be called in void, scalar and list
636 context and it will behave as expected.
641 my ($self, $coderef, @args) = @_;
643 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
644 ('txn_do called on $schema without storage');
645 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
646 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
648 my (@return_values, $return_value);
650 $self->txn_begin; # If this throws an exception, no rollback is needed
652 my $wantarray = wantarray; # Need to save this since the context
653 # inside the eval{} block is independent
654 # of the context that called txn_do()
657 # Need to differentiate between scalar/list context to allow for
658 # returning a list in scalar context to get the size of the list
661 @return_values = $coderef->(@args);
662 } elsif (defined $wantarray) {
664 $return_value = $coderef->(@args);
680 my $rollback_error = $@;
681 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
682 $self->throw_exception($error) # propagate nested rollback
683 if $rollback_error =~ /$exception_class/;
685 $self->throw_exception(
686 "Transaction aborted: $error. Rollback failed: ${rollback_error}"
689 $self->throw_exception($error); # txn failed but rollback succeeded
693 return $wantarray ? @return_values : $return_value;
700 =item Return Value: $new_schema
704 Clones the schema and its associated result_source objects and returns the
711 my $clone = bless({ (ref $self ? %$self : ()) }, ref $self || $self);
712 foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
713 my $source = $self->source($moniker);
714 my $new = $source->new($source);
715 $clone->register_source($moniker => $new);
724 =item Arguments: $moniker, \@data;
728 Populates the source registered with the given moniker with the supplied data.
729 @data should be a list of listrefs -- the first containing column names, the
730 second matching values.
734 $schema->populate('Artist', [
735 [ qw/artistid name/ ],
736 [ 1, 'Popular Band' ],
744 my ($self, $name, $data) = @_;
745 my $rs = $self->resultset($name);
746 my @names = @{shift(@$data)};
748 foreach my $item (@$data) {
750 @create{@names} = @$item;
751 push(@created, $rs->create(\%create));
756 =head2 throw_exception
760 =item Arguments: $message
764 Throws an exception. Defaults to using L<Carp::Clan> to report errors from
769 sub throw_exception {
774 =head2 deploy (EXPERIMENTAL)
778 =item Arguments: $sqlt_args
782 Attempts to deploy the schema to the current storage using L<SQL::Translator>.
784 Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly
785 across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships.
787 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>. The most
788 common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1, } >> to have the SQL
789 produced include a DROP TABLE statement for each table created.
794 my ($self, $sqltargs) = @_;
795 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without storage") unless $self->storage;
796 $self->storage->deploy($self, undef, $sqltargs);
799 =head2 create_ddl_dir (EXPERIMENTAL)
803 =item Arguments: \@databases, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
807 Creates an SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
808 database types, in the given directory.
810 Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly
811 across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships.
819 $self->throw_exception("Can't create_ddl_dir without storage") unless $self->storage;
820 $self->storage->create_ddl_dir($self, @_);
823 =head2 ddl_filename (EXPERIMENTAL)
825 my $filename = $table->ddl_filename($type, $dir, $version)
827 Creates a filename for a SQL file based on the table class name. Not
828 intended for direct end user use.
834 my ($self, $type, $dir, $version) = @_;
836 my $filename = ref($self);
837 $filename =~ s/::/-/;
838 $filename = "$dir$filename-$version-$type.sql";
847 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
851 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.