1 package DBIx::Class::Schema;
6 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
7 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;
11 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
13 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('class_mappings' => {});
14 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('source_registrations' => {});
15 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage_type' => '::DBI');
16 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage');
17 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('exception_action');
21 DBIx::Class::Schema - composable schemas
25 package Library::Schema;
26 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
28 # load Library::Schema::CD, Library::Schema::Book, Library::Schema::DVD
29 __PACKAGE__->load_classes(qw/CD Book DVD/);
31 package Library::Schema::CD;
32 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
33 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/PK::Auto Core/); # for example
34 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
36 # Elsewhere in your code:
37 my $schema1 = Library::Schema->connect(
44 my $schema2 = Library::Schema->connect($coderef_returning_dbh);
46 # fetch objects using Library::Schema::DVD
47 my $resultset = $schema1->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );
48 my @dvd_objects = $schema2->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );
52 Creates database classes based on a schema. This is the recommended way to
53 use L<DBIx::Class> and allows you to use more than one concurrent connection
56 NB: If you're used to L<Class::DBI> it's worth reading the L</SYNOPSIS>
57 carefully, as DBIx::Class does things a little differently. Note in
58 particular which module inherits off which.
66 =item Arguments: $moniker, $component_class
70 Registers a class which isa DBIx::Class::ResultSourceProxy. Equivalent to
73 $schema->register_source($moniker, $component_class->result_source_instance);
78 my ($self, $moniker, $to_register) = @_;
79 $self->register_source($moniker => $to_register->result_source_instance);
82 =head2 register_source
86 =item Arguments: $moniker, $result_source
90 Registers the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> in the schema with the given
96 my ($self, $moniker, $source) = @_;
98 %$source = %{ $source->new( { %$source, source_name => $moniker }) };
100 my %reg = %{$self->source_registrations};
101 $reg{$moniker} = $source;
102 $self->source_registrations(\%reg);
104 $source->schema($self);
106 weaken($source->{schema}) if ref($self);
107 if ($source->result_class) {
108 my %map = %{$self->class_mappings};
109 $map{$source->result_class} = $moniker;
110 $self->class_mappings(\%map);
114 sub _unregister_source {
115 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
116 my %reg = %{$self->source_registrations};
118 my $source = delete $reg{$moniker};
119 $self->source_registrations(\%reg);
120 if ($source->result_class) {
121 my %map = %{$self->class_mappings};
122 delete $map{$source->result_class};
123 $self->class_mappings(\%map);
131 =item Arguments: $moniker
133 =item Return Value: $classname
137 Retrieves the result class name for the given moniker. For example:
139 my $class = $schema->class('CD');
144 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
145 return $self->source($moniker)->result_class;
152 =item Arguments: $moniker
154 =item Return Value: $result_source
158 my $source = $schema->source('Book');
160 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> object for the registered moniker.
165 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
166 my $sreg = $self->source_registrations;
167 return $sreg->{$moniker} if exists $sreg->{$moniker};
169 # if we got here, they probably passed a full class name
170 my $mapped = $self->class_mappings->{$moniker};
171 $self->throw_exception("Can't find source for ${moniker}")
172 unless $mapped && exists $sreg->{$mapped};
173 return $sreg->{$mapped};
180 =item Return Value: @source_monikers
184 Returns the source monikers of all source registrations on this schema.
187 my @source_monikers = $schema->sources;
191 sub sources { return keys %{shift->source_registrations}; }
195 my $storage = $schema->storage;
197 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::Storage> object for this Schema.
203 =item Arguments: $moniker
205 =item Return Value: $result_set
209 my $rs = $schema->resultset('DVD');
211 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> object for the registered moniker.
216 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
217 return $self->source($moniker)->resultset;
224 =item Arguments: @classes?, { $namespace => [ @classes ] }+
228 With no arguments, this method uses L<Module::Find> to find all classes under
229 the schema's namespace. Otherwise, this method loads the classes you specify
230 (using L<use>), and registers them (using L</"register_class">).
232 It is possible to comment out classes with a leading C<#>, but note that perl
233 will think it's a mistake (trying to use a comment in a qw list), so you'll
234 need to add C<no warnings 'qw';> before your load_classes call.
238 My::Schema->load_classes(); # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist,
239 # etc. (anything under the My::Schema namespace)
241 # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist, Other::Namespace::Producer but
242 # not Other::Namespace::LinerNotes nor My::Schema::Track
243 My::Schema->load_classes(qw/ CD Artist #Track /, {
244 Other::Namespace => [qw/ Producer #LinerNotes /],
250 my ($class, @params) = @_;
255 foreach my $param (@params) {
256 if (ref $param eq 'ARRAY') {
257 # filter out commented entries
258 my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @$param;
260 push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, @modules);
262 elsif (ref $param eq 'HASH') {
263 # more than one namespace possible
264 for my $comp ( keys %$param ) {
265 # filter out commented entries
266 my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @{$param->{$comp}};
268 push (@{$comps_for{$comp}}, @modules);
272 # filter out commented entries
273 push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, $param) if $param !~ /^#/;
277 my @comp = map { substr $_, length "${class}::" }
278 Module::Find::findallmod($class);
279 $comps_for{$class} = \@comp;
284 no warnings qw/redefine/;
285 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
286 foreach my $prefix (keys %comps_for) {
287 foreach my $comp (@{$comps_for{$prefix}||[]}) {
288 my $comp_class = "${prefix}::${comp}";
289 { # try to untaint module name. mods where this fails
290 # are left alone so we don't have to change the old behavior
291 no locale; # localized \w doesn't untaint expression
292 if ( $comp_class =~ m/^( (?:\w+::)* \w+ )$/x ) {
296 $class->ensure_class_loaded($comp_class);
298 $comp = $comp_class->source_name || $comp;
300 push(@to_register, [ $comp, $comp_class ]);
304 Class::C3->reinitialize;
306 foreach my $to (@to_register) {
307 $class->register_class(@$to);
308 # if $class->can('result_source_instance');
312 =head2 load_namespaces
316 =item Arguments: %options?
320 This is an alternative to L</load_classes> above which assumes an alternative
321 layout for automatic class loading. It assumes that all result
322 classes are underneath a sub-namespace of the schema called C<Result>, any
323 corresponding ResultSet classes are underneath a sub-namespace of the schema
326 Both of the sub-namespaces are configurable if you don't like the defaults,
327 via the options C<result_namespace> and C<resultset_namespace>.
329 If (and only if) you specify the option C<default_resultset_class>, any found
330 Result classes for which we do not find a corresponding
331 ResultSet class will have their C<resultset_class> set to
332 C<default_resultset_class>.
334 C<load_namespaces> takes care of calling C<resultset_class> for you where
335 neccessary if you didn't do it for yourself.
337 All of the namespace and classname options to this method are relative to
338 the schema classname by default. To specify a fully-qualified name, prefix
339 it with a literal C<+>.
343 # load My::Schema::Result::CD, My::Schema::Result::Artist,
344 # My::Schema::ResultSet::CD, etc...
345 My::Schema->load_namespaces;
347 # Override everything to use ugly names.
348 # In this example, if there is a My::Schema::Res::Foo, but no matching
349 # My::Schema::RSets::Foo, then Foo will have its
350 # resultset_class set to My::Schema::RSetBase
351 My::Schema->load_namespaces(
352 result_namespace => 'Res',
353 resultset_namespace => 'RSets',
354 default_resultset_class => 'RSetBase',
357 # Put things in other namespaces
358 My::Schema->load_namespaces(
359 result_namespace => '+Some::Place::Results',
360 resultset_namespace => '+Another::Place::RSets',
363 If you'd like to use multiple namespaces of each type, simply use an arrayref
364 of namespaces for that option. In the case that the same result
365 (or resultset) class exists in multiple namespaces, the latter entries in
366 your list of namespaces will override earlier ones.
368 My::Schema->load_namespaces(
369 # My::Schema::Results_C::Foo takes precedence over My::Schema::Results_B::Foo :
370 result_namespace => [ 'Results_A', 'Results_B', 'Results_C' ],
371 resultset_namespace => [ '+Some::Place::RSets', 'RSets' ],
376 # Pre-pends our classname to the given relative classname or
377 # class namespace, unless there is a '+' prefix, which will
379 sub _expand_relative_name {
380 my ($class, $name) = @_;
382 $name = $class . '::' . $name if ! ($name =~ s/^\+//);
386 # returns a hash of $shortname => $fullname for every package
387 # found in the given namespaces ($shortname is with the $fullname's
388 # namespace stripped off)
389 sub _map_namespaces {
390 my ($class, @namespaces) = @_;
393 foreach my $namespace (@namespaces) {
396 map { (substr($_, length "${namespace}::"), $_) }
397 Module::Find::findallmod($namespace)
404 sub load_namespaces {
405 my ($class, %args) = @_;
407 my $result_namespace = delete $args{result_namespace} || 'Result';
408 my $resultset_namespace = delete $args{resultset_namespace} || 'ResultSet';
409 my $default_resultset_class = delete $args{default_resultset_class};
411 $class->throw_exception('load_namespaces: unknown option(s): '
412 . join(q{,}, map { qq{'$_'} } keys %args))
413 if scalar keys %args;
415 $default_resultset_class
416 = $class->_expand_relative_name($default_resultset_class);
418 for my $arg ($result_namespace, $resultset_namespace) {
419 $arg = [ $arg ] if !ref($arg) && $arg;
421 $class->throw_exception('load_namespaces: namespace arguments must be '
422 . 'a simple string or an arrayref')
423 if ref($arg) ne 'ARRAY';
425 $_ = $class->_expand_relative_name($_) for (@$arg);
428 my %results = $class->_map_namespaces(@$result_namespace);
429 my %resultsets = $class->_map_namespaces(@$resultset_namespace);
433 no warnings 'redefine';
434 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
435 use warnings 'redefine';
437 foreach my $result (keys %results) {
438 my $result_class = $results{$result};
439 $class->ensure_class_loaded($result_class);
440 $result_class->source_name($result) unless $result_class->source_name;
442 my $rs_class = delete $resultsets{$result};
443 my $rs_set = $result_class->resultset_class;
444 if($rs_set && $rs_set ne 'DBIx::Class::ResultSet') {
445 if($rs_class && $rs_class ne $rs_set) {
446 warn "We found ResultSet class '$rs_class' for '$result', but it seems "
447 . "that you had already set '$result' to use '$rs_set' instead";
450 elsif($rs_class ||= $default_resultset_class) {
451 $class->ensure_class_loaded($rs_class);
452 $result_class->resultset_class($rs_class);
455 push(@to_register, [ $result_class->source_name, $result_class ]);
459 foreach (sort keys %resultsets) {
460 warn "load_namespaces found ResultSet class $_ with no "
461 . 'corresponding Result class';
464 Class::C3->reinitialize;
465 $class->register_class(@$_) for (@to_register);
470 =head2 compose_connection (DEPRECATED)
474 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, @db_info
476 =item Return Value: $new_schema
480 DEPRECATED. You probably wanted compose_namespace.
482 Actually, you probably just wanted to call connect.
484 =for hidden due to deprecation
486 Calls L<DBIx::Class::Schema/"compose_namespace"> to the target namespace,
487 calls L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection> with @db_info on the new schema,
488 then injects the L<DBix::Class::ResultSetProxy> component and a
489 resultset_instance classdata entry on all the new classes, in order to support
490 $target_namespaces::$class->search(...) method calls.
492 This is primarily useful when you have a specific need for class method access
493 to a connection. In normal usage it is preferred to call
494 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect> and use the resulting schema object to operate
495 on L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> objects with L<DBIx::Class::Schema/resultset> for
503 sub compose_connection {
504 my ($self, $target, @info) = @_;
506 warn "compose_connection deprecated as of 0.08000" unless $warn++;
508 my $base = 'DBIx::Class::ResultSetProxy';
509 eval "require ${base};";
510 $self->throw_exception
511 ("No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${base} ($@)")
514 if ($self eq $target) {
515 # Pathological case, largely caused by the docs on early C::M::DBIC::Plain
516 foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
517 my $source = $self->source($moniker);
518 my $class = $source->result_class;
519 $self->inject_base($class, $base);
520 $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
521 $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $self);
523 $self->connection(@info);
527 my $schema = $self->compose_namespace($target, $base);
530 *{"${target}::schema"} = sub { $schema };
533 $schema->connection(@info);
534 foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
535 my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
536 my $class = $source->result_class;
537 #warn "$moniker $class $source ".$source->storage;
538 $class->mk_classdata(result_source_instance => $source);
539 $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
540 $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $schema);
546 =head2 compose_namespace
550 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, $additional_base_class?
552 =item Return Value: $new_schema
556 For each L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> in the schema, this method creates a
557 class in the target namespace (e.g. $target_namespace::CD,
558 $target_namespace::Artist) that inherits from the corresponding classes
559 attached to the current schema.
561 It also attaches a corresponding L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> object to the
562 new $schema object. If C<$additional_base_class> is given, the new composed
563 classes will inherit from first the corresponding classe from the current
564 schema then the base class.
566 For example, for a schema with My::Schema::CD and My::Schema::Artist classes,
568 $schema->compose_namespace('My::DB', 'Base::Class');
569 print join (', ', @My::DB::CD::ISA) . "\n";
570 print join (', ', @My::DB::Artist::ISA) ."\n";
572 will produce the output
574 My::Schema::CD, Base::Class
575 My::Schema::Artist, Base::Class
579 sub compose_namespace {
580 my ($self, $target, $base) = @_;
581 my %reg = %{ $self->source_registrations };
584 my $schema = $self->clone;
586 no warnings qw/redefine/;
587 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
588 foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
589 my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
590 my $target_class = "${target}::${moniker}";
592 $target_class => $source->result_class, ($base ? $base : ())
594 $source->result_class($target_class);
595 $target_class->result_source_instance($source)
596 if $target_class->can('result_source_instance');
599 Class::C3->reinitialize();
602 foreach my $meth (qw/class source resultset/) {
603 *{"${target}::${meth}"} =
604 sub { shift->schema->$meth(@_) };
610 =head2 setup_connection_class
614 =item Arguments: $target, @info
618 Sets up a database connection class to inject between the schema and the
619 subclasses that the schema creates.
623 sub setup_connection_class {
624 my ($class, $target, @info) = @_;
625 $class->inject_base($target => 'DBIx::Class::DB');
626 #$target->load_components('DB');
627 $target->connection(@info);
634 =item Arguments: $storage_type
636 =item Return Value: $storage_type
640 Set the storage class that will be instantiated when L</connect> is called.
641 If the classname starts with C<::>, the prefix C<DBIx::Class::Storage> is
642 assumed by L</connect>. Defaults to C<::DBI>,
643 which is L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI>.
645 You want to use this to hardcoded subclasses of L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI>
646 in cases where the appropriate subclass is not autodetected, such as when
647 dealing with MSSQL via L<DBD::Sybase>, in which case you'd set it to
648 C<::DBI::Sybase::MSSQL>.
654 =item Arguments: @args
656 =item Return Value: $new_schema
660 Instantiates a new Storage object of type
661 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/"storage_type"> and passes the arguments to
662 $storage->connect_info. Sets the connection in-place on the schema.
664 See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"connect_info"> for DBI-specific syntax,
665 or L<DBIx::Class::Storage> in general.
670 my ($self, @info) = @_;
671 return $self if !@info && $self->storage;
672 my $storage_class = $self->storage_type;
673 $storage_class = 'DBIx::Class::Storage'.$storage_class
674 if $storage_class =~ m/^::/;
675 eval "require ${storage_class};";
676 $self->throw_exception(
677 "No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${storage_class} ($@)"
679 my $storage = $storage_class->new($self);
680 $storage->connect_info(\@info);
681 $self->storage($storage);
682 $self->on_connect() if($self->can('on_connect'));
690 =item Arguments: @info
692 =item Return Value: $new_schema
696 This is a convenience method. It is equivalent to calling
697 $schema->clone->connection(@info). See L</connection> and L</clone> for more
702 sub connect { shift->clone->connection(@_) }
708 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>, @coderef_args?
710 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
714 Executes C<$coderef> with (optional) arguments C<@coderef_args> atomically,
715 returning its result (if any). Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->txn_do.
716 See L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"txn_do"> for more information.
718 This interface is preferred over using the individual methods L</txn_begin>,
719 L</txn_commit>, and L</txn_rollback> below.
726 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
727 ('txn_do called on $schema without storage');
729 $self->storage->txn_do(@_);
734 Begins a transaction (does nothing if AutoCommit is off). Equivalent to
735 calling $schema->storage->txn_begin. See
736 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"txn_begin"> for more information.
743 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
744 ('txn_begin called on $schema without storage');
746 $self->storage->txn_begin;
751 Commits the current transaction. Equivalent to calling
752 $schema->storage->txn_commit. See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"txn_commit">
753 for more information.
760 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
761 ('txn_commit called on $schema without storage');
763 $self->storage->txn_commit;
768 Rolls back the current transaction. Equivalent to calling
769 $schema->storage->txn_rollback. See
770 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"txn_rollback"> for more information.
777 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
778 ('txn_rollback called on $schema without storage');
780 $self->storage->txn_rollback;
787 =item Return Value: $new_schema
791 Clones the schema and its associated result_source objects and returns the
798 my $clone = { (ref $self ? %$self : ()) };
799 bless $clone, (ref $self || $self);
801 foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
802 my $source = $self->source($moniker);
803 my $new = $source->new($source);
804 $clone->register_source($moniker => $new);
806 $clone->storage->set_schema($clone) if $clone->storage;
814 =item Arguments: $source_name, \@data;
818 Pass this method a resultsource name, and an arrayref of
819 arrayrefs. The arrayrefs should contain a list of column names,
820 followed by one or many sets of matching data for the given columns.
822 In void context, C<insert_bulk> in L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is used
823 to insert the data, as this is a fast method. However, insert_bulk currently
824 assumes that your datasets all contain the same type of values, using scalar
825 references in a column in one row, and not in another will probably not work.
827 Otherwise, each set of data is inserted into the database using
828 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/create>, and a arrayref of the resulting row
833 $schema->populate('Artist', [
834 [ qw/artistid name/ ],
835 [ 1, 'Popular Band' ],
843 my ($self, $name, $data) = @_;
844 my $rs = $self->resultset($name);
845 my @names = @{shift(@$data)};
846 if(defined wantarray) {
848 foreach my $item (@$data) {
850 @create{@names} = @$item;
851 push(@created, $rs->create(\%create));
855 $self->storage->insert_bulk($self->source($name), \@names, $data);
858 =head2 exception_action
862 =item Arguments: $code_reference
866 If C<exception_action> is set for this class/object, L</throw_exception>
867 will prefer to call this code reference with the exception as an argument,
868 rather than its normal <croak> action.
870 Your subroutine should probably just wrap the error in the exception
871 object/class of your choosing and rethrow. If, against all sage advice,
872 you'd like your C<exception_action> to suppress a particular exception
873 completely, simply have it return true.
878 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
879 use My::ExceptionClass;
880 __PACKAGE__->exception_action(sub { My::ExceptionClass->throw(@_) });
881 __PACKAGE__->load_classes;
884 my $schema_obj = My::Schema->connect( .... );
885 $schema_obj->exception_action(sub { My::ExceptionClass->throw(@_) });
887 # suppress all exceptions, like a moron:
888 $schema_obj->exception_action(sub { 1 });
890 =head2 throw_exception
894 =item Arguments: $message
898 Throws an exception. Defaults to using L<Carp::Clan> to report errors from
899 user's perspective. See L</exception_action> for details on overriding
900 this method's behavior.
904 sub throw_exception {
906 croak @_ if !$self->exception_action || !$self->exception_action->(@_);
909 =head2 deploy (EXPERIMENTAL)
913 =item Arguments: $sqlt_args, $dir
917 Attempts to deploy the schema to the current storage using L<SQL::Translator>.
919 Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly
920 across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships. Saying that, it
921 has been used successfully by many people, including the core dev team.
923 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>. The most
924 common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1, } >> to have the SQL
925 produced include a DROP TABLE statement for each table created.
927 Additionally, the DBIx::Class parser accepts a C<sources> parameter as a hash
928 ref or an array ref, containing a list of source to deploy. If present, then
929 only the sources listed will get deployed.
934 my ($self, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
935 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without storage") unless $self->storage;
936 $self->storage->deploy($self, undef, $sqltargs, $dir);
939 =head2 create_ddl_dir (EXPERIMENTAL)
943 =item Arguments: \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, $sqlt_args
947 Creates an SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
948 database types, in the given directory. Given a previous version number,
949 this will also create a file containing the ALTER TABLE statements to
950 transform the previous schema into the current one. Note that these
951 statements may contain DROP TABLE or DROP COLUMN statements that can
952 potentially destroy data.
954 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
955 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
956 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
957 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
959 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are used:
963 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
965 =item version - $schema->VERSION
967 =item directory - './'
969 =item preversion - <none>
973 Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly
974 across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships.
976 WARNING: Please check all SQL files created, before applying them.
983 $self->throw_exception("Can't create_ddl_dir without storage") unless $self->storage;
984 $self->storage->create_ddl_dir($self, @_);
987 =head2 ddl_filename (EXPERIMENTAL)
991 =item Arguments: $directory, $database-type, $version, $preversion
995 my $filename = $table->ddl_filename($type, $dir, $version, $preversion)
997 This method is called by C<create_ddl_dir> to compose a file name out of
998 the supplied directory, database type and version number. The default file
999 name format is: C<$dir$schema-$version-$type.sql>.
1001 You may override this method in your schema if you wish to use a different
1007 my ($self, $type, $dir, $version, $pversion) = @_;
1009 my $filename = ref($self);
1010 $filename =~ s/::/-/;
1011 $filename = File::Spec->catfile($dir, "$filename-$version-$type.sql");
1012 $filename =~ s/$version/$pversion-$version/ if($pversion);
1021 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
1025 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.