1 package DBIx::Class::Schema;
6 use DBIx::Class::Exception;
7 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class|^Try::Tiny/;
9 use Scalar::Util 'weaken';
11 use Sub::Name 'subname';
16 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
18 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('class_mappings' => {});
19 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('source_registrations' => {});
20 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage_type' => '::DBI');
21 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage');
22 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('exception_action');
23 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('stacktrace' => $ENV{DBIC_TRACE} || 0);
24 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('default_resultset_attributes' => {});
28 DBIx::Class::Schema - composable schemas
32 package Library::Schema;
33 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
35 # load all Result classes in Library/Schema/Result/
36 __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces();
38 package Library::Schema::Result::CD;
39 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Core/;
41 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/InflateColumn::DateTime/); # for example
42 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
44 # Elsewhere in your code:
45 my $schema1 = Library::Schema->connect(
52 my $schema2 = Library::Schema->connect($coderef_returning_dbh);
54 # fetch objects using Library::Schema::Result::DVD
55 my $resultset = $schema1->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );
56 my @dvd_objects = $schema2->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );
60 Creates database classes based on a schema. This is the recommended way to
61 use L<DBIx::Class> and allows you to use more than one concurrent connection
64 NB: If you're used to L<Class::DBI> it's worth reading the L</SYNOPSIS>
65 carefully, as DBIx::Class does things a little differently. Note in
66 particular which module inherits off which.
70 =head2 load_namespaces
74 =item Arguments: %options?
78 __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces();
80 __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces(
81 result_namespace => 'Res',
82 resultset_namespace => 'RSet',
83 default_resultset_class => '+MyDB::Othernamespace::RSet',
86 With no arguments, this method uses L<Module::Find> to load all your
87 Result classes from a sub-namespace F<Result> under your Schema class'
88 namespace, i.e. with a Schema of I<MyDB::Schema> all files in
89 I<MyDB::Schema::Result> are assumed to be Result classes.
91 It also finds all ResultSet classes in the namespace F<ResultSet> and
92 loads them into the appropriate Result classes using for you. The
93 matching is done by assuming the package name of the ResultSet class
94 is the same as that of the Result class.
96 You will be warned if ResultSet classes are discovered for which there
97 are no matching Result classes like this:
99 load_namespaces found ResultSet class $classname with no corresponding Result class
101 If a Result class is found to already have a ResultSet class set using
102 L</resultset_class> to some other class, you will be warned like this:
104 We found ResultSet class '$rs_class' for '$result', but it seems
105 that you had already set '$result' to use '$rs_set' instead
107 Both of the sub-namespaces are configurable if you don't like the defaults,
108 via the options C<result_namespace> and C<resultset_namespace>.
110 If (and only if) you specify the option C<default_resultset_class>, any found
111 Result classes for which we do not find a corresponding
112 ResultSet class will have their C<resultset_class> set to
113 C<default_resultset_class>.
115 All of the namespace and classname options to this method are relative to
116 the schema classname by default. To specify a fully-qualified name, prefix
117 it with a literal C<+>.
121 # load My::Schema::Result::CD, My::Schema::Result::Artist,
122 # My::Schema::ResultSet::CD, etc...
123 My::Schema->load_namespaces;
125 # Override everything to use ugly names.
126 # In this example, if there is a My::Schema::Res::Foo, but no matching
127 # My::Schema::RSets::Foo, then Foo will have its
128 # resultset_class set to My::Schema::RSetBase
129 My::Schema->load_namespaces(
130 result_namespace => 'Res',
131 resultset_namespace => 'RSets',
132 default_resultset_class => 'RSetBase',
135 # Put things in other namespaces
136 My::Schema->load_namespaces(
137 result_namespace => '+Some::Place::Results',
138 resultset_namespace => '+Another::Place::RSets',
141 If you'd like to use multiple namespaces of each type, simply use an arrayref
142 of namespaces for that option. In the case that the same result
143 (or resultset) class exists in multiple namespaces, the latter entries in
144 your list of namespaces will override earlier ones.
146 My::Schema->load_namespaces(
147 # My::Schema::Results_C::Foo takes precedence over My::Schema::Results_B::Foo :
148 result_namespace => [ 'Results_A', 'Results_B', 'Results_C' ],
149 resultset_namespace => [ '+Some::Place::RSets', 'RSets' ],
154 # Pre-pends our classname to the given relative classname or
155 # class namespace, unless there is a '+' prefix, which will
157 sub _expand_relative_name {
158 my ($class, $name) = @_;
160 $name = $class . '::' . $name if ! ($name =~ s/^\+//);
164 # Finds all modules in the supplied namespace, or if omitted in the
165 # namespace of $class. Untaints all findings as they can be assumed
169 my $ns = shift || ref $proto || $proto;
171 my @mods = Module::Find::findallmod($ns);
173 # try to untaint module names. mods where this fails
174 # are left alone so we don't have to change the old behavior
175 no locale; # localized \w doesn't untaint expression
176 return map { $_ =~ m/^( (?:\w+::)* \w+ )$/x ? $1 : $_ } @mods;
179 # returns a hash of $shortname => $fullname for every package
180 # found in the given namespaces ($shortname is with the $fullname's
181 # namespace stripped off)
182 sub _map_namespaces {
183 my ($class, @namespaces) = @_;
186 foreach my $namespace (@namespaces) {
189 map { (substr($_, length "${namespace}::"), $_) }
190 $class->_findallmod($namespace)
197 # returns the result_source_instance for the passed class/object,
198 # or dies with an informative message (used by load_namespaces)
199 sub _ns_get_rsrc_instance {
201 my $rs = ref ($_[0]) || $_[0];
203 if ($rs->can ('result_source_instance') ) {
204 return $rs->result_source_instance;
207 $class->throw_exception (
208 "Attempt to load_namespaces() class $rs failed - are you sure this is a real Result Class?"
213 sub load_namespaces {
214 my ($class, %args) = @_;
216 my $result_namespace = delete $args{result_namespace} || 'Result';
217 my $resultset_namespace = delete $args{resultset_namespace} || 'ResultSet';
218 my $default_resultset_class = delete $args{default_resultset_class};
220 $class->throw_exception('load_namespaces: unknown option(s): '
221 . join(q{,}, map { qq{'$_'} } keys %args))
222 if scalar keys %args;
224 $default_resultset_class
225 = $class->_expand_relative_name($default_resultset_class);
227 for my $arg ($result_namespace, $resultset_namespace) {
228 $arg = [ $arg ] if !ref($arg) && $arg;
230 $class->throw_exception('load_namespaces: namespace arguments must be '
231 . 'a simple string or an arrayref')
232 if ref($arg) ne 'ARRAY';
234 $_ = $class->_expand_relative_name($_) for (@$arg);
237 my %results = $class->_map_namespaces(@$result_namespace);
238 my %resultsets = $class->_map_namespaces(@$resultset_namespace);
242 no warnings 'redefine';
243 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
244 use warnings 'redefine';
246 # ensure classes are loaded and attached in inheritance order
247 for my $res (values %results) {
248 $class->ensure_class_loaded($res);
251 my @subclass_last = sort {
254 scalar @{mro::get_linear_isa( $results{$a} )}
260 scalar @{mro::get_linear_isa( $results{$b} )}
265 foreach my $result (@subclass_last) {
266 my $result_class = $results{$result};
268 my $rs_class = delete $resultsets{$result};
269 my $rs_set = $class->_ns_get_rsrc_instance ($result_class)->resultset_class;
271 if($rs_set && $rs_set ne 'DBIx::Class::ResultSet') {
272 if($rs_class && $rs_class ne $rs_set) {
273 carp "We found ResultSet class '$rs_class' for '$result', but it seems "
274 . "that you had already set '$result' to use '$rs_set' instead";
277 elsif($rs_class ||= $default_resultset_class) {
278 $class->ensure_class_loaded($rs_class);
279 if(!$rs_class->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSet")) {
280 carp "load_namespaces found ResultSet class $rs_class that does not subclass DBIx::Class::ResultSet";
283 $class->_ns_get_rsrc_instance ($result_class)->resultset_class($rs_class);
286 my $source_name = $class->_ns_get_rsrc_instance ($result_class)->source_name || $result;
288 push(@to_register, [ $source_name, $result_class ]);
292 foreach (sort keys %resultsets) {
293 carp "load_namespaces found ResultSet class $_ with no "
294 . 'corresponding Result class';
297 Class::C3->reinitialize;
298 $class->register_class(@$_) for (@to_register);
307 =item Arguments: @classes?, { $namespace => [ @classes ] }+
311 L</load_classes> is an alternative method to L</load_namespaces>, both of
312 which serve similar purposes, each with different advantages and disadvantages.
313 In the general case you should use L</load_namespaces>, unless you need to
314 be able to specify that only specific classes are loaded at runtime.
316 With no arguments, this method uses L<Module::Find> to find all classes under
317 the schema's namespace. Otherwise, this method loads the classes you specify
318 (using L<use>), and registers them (using L</"register_class">).
320 It is possible to comment out classes with a leading C<#>, but note that perl
321 will think it's a mistake (trying to use a comment in a qw list), so you'll
322 need to add C<no warnings 'qw';> before your load_classes call.
324 If any classes found do not appear to be Result class files, you will
325 get the following warning:
327 Failed to load $comp_class. Can't find source_name method. Is
328 $comp_class really a full DBIC result class? Fix it, move it elsewhere,
329 or make your load_classes call more specific.
333 My::Schema->load_classes(); # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist,
334 # etc. (anything under the My::Schema namespace)
336 # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist, Other::Namespace::Producer but
337 # not Other::Namespace::LinerNotes nor My::Schema::Track
338 My::Schema->load_classes(qw/ CD Artist #Track /, {
339 Other::Namespace => [qw/ Producer #LinerNotes /],
345 my ($class, @params) = @_;
350 foreach my $param (@params) {
351 if (ref $param eq 'ARRAY') {
352 # filter out commented entries
353 my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @$param;
355 push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, @modules);
357 elsif (ref $param eq 'HASH') {
358 # more than one namespace possible
359 for my $comp ( keys %$param ) {
360 # filter out commented entries
361 my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @{$param->{$comp}};
363 push (@{$comps_for{$comp}}, @modules);
367 # filter out commented entries
368 push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, $param) if $param !~ /^#/;
372 my @comp = map { substr $_, length "${class}::" }
374 $comps_for{$class} = \@comp;
379 no warnings qw/redefine/;
380 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
381 foreach my $prefix (keys %comps_for) {
382 foreach my $comp (@{$comps_for{$prefix}||[]}) {
383 my $comp_class = "${prefix}::${comp}";
384 $class->ensure_class_loaded($comp_class);
386 my $snsub = $comp_class->can('source_name');
388 carp "Failed to load $comp_class. Can't find source_name method. Is $comp_class really a full DBIC result class? Fix it, move it elsewhere, or make your load_classes call more specific.";
391 $comp = $snsub->($comp_class) || $comp;
393 push(@to_register, [ $comp, $comp_class ]);
397 Class::C3->reinitialize;
399 foreach my $to (@to_register) {
400 $class->register_class(@$to);
401 # if $class->can('result_source_instance');
409 =item Arguments: $storage_type|{$storage_type, \%args}
411 =item Return value: $storage_type|{$storage_type, \%args}
413 =item Default value: DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI
417 Set the storage class that will be instantiated when L</connect> is called.
418 If the classname starts with C<::>, the prefix C<DBIx::Class::Storage> is
419 assumed by L</connect>.
421 You want to use this to set subclasses of L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI>
422 in cases where the appropriate subclass is not autodetected.
424 If your storage type requires instantiation arguments, those are
425 defined as a second argument in the form of a hashref and the entire
426 value needs to be wrapped into an arrayref or a hashref. We support
427 both types of refs here in order to play nice with your
428 Config::[class] or your choice. See
429 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Replicated> for an example of this.
431 =head2 exception_action
435 =item Arguments: $code_reference
437 =item Return value: $code_reference
439 =item Default value: None
443 When L</throw_exception> is invoked and L</exception_action> is set to a code
444 reference, this reference will be called instead of
445 L<DBIx::Class::Exception/throw>, with the exception message passed as the only
448 Your custom throw code B<must> rethrow the exception, as L</throw_exception> is
449 an integral part of DBIC's internal execution control flow.
454 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
455 use My::ExceptionClass;
456 __PACKAGE__->exception_action(sub { My::ExceptionClass->throw(@_) });
457 __PACKAGE__->load_classes;
460 my $schema_obj = My::Schema->connect( .... );
461 $schema_obj->exception_action(sub { My::ExceptionClass->throw(@_) });
467 =item Arguments: boolean
471 Whether L</throw_exception> should include stack trace information.
472 Defaults to false normally, but defaults to true if C<$ENV{DBIC_TRACE}>
475 =head2 sqlt_deploy_hook
479 =item Arguments: $sqlt_schema
483 An optional sub which you can declare in your own Schema class that will get
484 passed the L<SQL::Translator::Schema> object when you deploy the schema via
485 L</create_ddl_dir> or L</deploy>.
487 For an example of what you can do with this, see
488 L<DBIx::Class::Manual::Cookbook/Adding Indexes And Functions To Your SQL>.
490 Note that sqlt_deploy_hook is called by L</deployment_statements>, which in turn
491 is called before L</deploy>. Therefore the hook can be used only to manipulate
492 the L<SQL::Translator::Schema> object before it is turned into SQL fed to the
493 database. If you want to execute post-deploy statements which can not be generated
494 by L<SQL::Translator>, the currently suggested method is to overload L</deploy>
495 and use L<dbh_do|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/dbh_do>.
503 =item Arguments: @connectinfo
505 =item Return Value: $new_schema
509 Creates and returns a new Schema object. The connection info set on it
510 is used to create a new instance of the storage backend and set it on
513 See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"connect_info"> for DBI-specific
514 syntax on the C<@connectinfo> argument, or L<DBIx::Class::Storage> in
517 Note that C<connect_info> expects an arrayref of arguments, but
518 C<connect> does not. C<connect> wraps its arguments in an arrayref
519 before passing them to C<connect_info>.
523 C<connect> is a convenience method. It is equivalent to calling
524 $schema->clone->connection(@connectinfo). To write your own overloaded
525 version, overload L</connection> instead.
529 sub connect { shift->clone->connection(@_) }
535 =item Arguments: $source_name
537 =item Return Value: $resultset
541 my $rs = $schema->resultset('DVD');
543 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> object for the registered source
549 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
550 $self->throw_exception('resultset() expects a source name')
551 unless defined $moniker;
552 return $self->source($moniker)->resultset;
559 =item Return Value: @source_names
563 my @source_names = $schema->sources;
565 Lists names of all the sources registered on this Schema object.
569 sub sources { return keys %{shift->source_registrations}; }
575 =item Arguments: $source_name
577 =item Return Value: $result_source
581 my $source = $schema->source('Book');
583 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> object for the registered
589 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
590 my $sreg = $self->source_registrations;
591 return $sreg->{$moniker} if exists $sreg->{$moniker};
593 # if we got here, they probably passed a full class name
594 my $mapped = $self->class_mappings->{$moniker};
595 $self->throw_exception("Can't find source for ${moniker}")
596 unless $mapped && exists $sreg->{$mapped};
597 return $sreg->{$mapped};
604 =item Arguments: $source_name
606 =item Return Value: $classname
610 my $class = $schema->class('CD');
612 Retrieves the Result class name for the given source name.
617 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
618 return $self->source($moniker)->result_class;
625 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>, @coderef_args?
627 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
631 Executes C<$coderef> with (optional) arguments C<@coderef_args> atomically,
632 returning its result (if any). Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->txn_do.
633 See L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"txn_do"> for more information.
635 This interface is preferred over using the individual methods L</txn_begin>,
636 L</txn_commit>, and L</txn_rollback> below.
638 WARNING: If you are connected with C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> the transaction is
639 considered nested, and you will still need to call L</txn_commit> to write your
640 changes when appropriate. You will also want to connect with C<< auto_savepoint =>
641 1 >> to get partial rollback to work, if the storage driver for your database
644 Connecting with C<< AutoCommit => 1 >> is recommended.
651 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
652 ('txn_do called on $schema without storage');
654 $self->storage->txn_do(@_);
657 =head2 txn_scope_guard
659 Runs C<txn_scope_guard> on the schema's storage. See
660 L<DBIx::Class::Storage/txn_scope_guard>.
664 sub txn_scope_guard {
667 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
668 ('txn_scope_guard called on $schema without storage');
670 $self->storage->txn_scope_guard(@_);
675 Begins a transaction (does nothing if AutoCommit is off). Equivalent to
676 calling $schema->storage->txn_begin. See
677 L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"txn_begin"> for more information.
684 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
685 ('txn_begin called on $schema without storage');
687 $self->storage->txn_begin;
692 Commits the current transaction. Equivalent to calling
693 $schema->storage->txn_commit. See L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"txn_commit">
694 for more information.
701 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
702 ('txn_commit called on $schema without storage');
704 $self->storage->txn_commit;
709 Rolls back the current transaction. Equivalent to calling
710 $schema->storage->txn_rollback. See
711 L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"txn_rollback"> for more information.
718 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
719 ('txn_rollback called on $schema without storage');
721 $self->storage->txn_rollback;
726 my $storage = $schema->storage;
728 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::Storage> object for this Schema. Grab this
729 if you want to turn on SQL statement debugging at runtime, or set the
730 quote character. For the default storage, the documentation can be
731 found in L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI>.
737 =item Arguments: $source_name, \@data;
739 =item Return value: \@$objects | nothing
743 Pass this method a resultsource name, and an arrayref of
744 arrayrefs. The arrayrefs should contain a list of column names,
745 followed by one or many sets of matching data for the given columns.
747 In void context, C<insert_bulk> in L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is used
748 to insert the data, as this is a fast method. However, insert_bulk currently
749 assumes that your datasets all contain the same type of values, using scalar
750 references in a column in one row, and not in another will probably not work.
752 Otherwise, each set of data is inserted into the database using
753 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/create>, and a arrayref of the resulting row
758 $schema->populate('Artist', [
759 [ qw/artistid name/ ],
760 [ 1, 'Popular Band' ],
765 Since wantarray context is basically the same as looping over $rs->create(...)
766 you won't see any performance benefits and in this case the method is more for
767 convenience. Void context sends the column information directly to storage
768 using <DBI>s bulk insert method. So the performance will be much better for
769 storages that support this method.
771 Because of this difference in the way void context inserts rows into your
772 database you need to note how this will effect any loaded components that
773 override or augment insert. For example if you are using a component such
774 as L<DBIx::Class::UUIDColumns> to populate your primary keys you MUST use
775 wantarray context if you want the PKs automatically created.
780 my ($self, $name, $data) = @_;
781 if(my $rs = $self->resultset($name)) {
782 if(defined wantarray) {
783 return $rs->populate($data);
785 $rs->populate($data);
788 $self->throw_exception("$name is not a resultset");
796 =item Arguments: @args
798 =item Return Value: $new_schema
802 Similar to L</connect> except sets the storage object and connection
803 data in-place on the Schema class. You should probably be calling
804 L</connect> to get a proper Schema object instead.
808 Overload C<connection> to change the behaviour of C<connect>.
813 my ($self, @info) = @_;
814 return $self if !@info && $self->storage;
816 my ($storage_class, $args) = ref $self->storage_type ?
817 ($self->_normalize_storage_type($self->storage_type),{}) : ($self->storage_type, {});
819 $storage_class = 'DBIx::Class::Storage'.$storage_class
820 if $storage_class =~ m/^::/;
822 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($storage_class);
825 $self->throw_exception(
826 "No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${storage_class} ($_)"
829 my $storage = $storage_class->new($self=>$args);
830 $storage->connect_info(\@info);
831 $self->storage($storage);
835 sub _normalize_storage_type {
836 my ($self, $storage_type) = @_;
837 if(ref $storage_type eq 'ARRAY') {
838 return @$storage_type;
839 } elsif(ref $storage_type eq 'HASH') {
840 return %$storage_type;
842 $self->throw_exception('Unsupported REFTYPE given: '. ref $storage_type);
846 =head2 compose_namespace
850 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, $additional_base_class?
852 =item Retur Value: $new_schema
856 For each L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> in the schema, this method creates a
857 class in the target namespace (e.g. $target_namespace::CD,
858 $target_namespace::Artist) that inherits from the corresponding classes
859 attached to the current schema.
861 It also attaches a corresponding L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> object to the
862 new $schema object. If C<$additional_base_class> is given, the new composed
863 classes will inherit from first the corresponding class from the current
864 schema then the base class.
866 For example, for a schema with My::Schema::CD and My::Schema::Artist classes,
868 $schema->compose_namespace('My::DB', 'Base::Class');
869 print join (', ', @My::DB::CD::ISA) . "\n";
870 print join (', ', @My::DB::Artist::ISA) ."\n";
872 will produce the output
874 My::Schema::CD, Base::Class
875 My::Schema::Artist, Base::Class
879 # this might be oversimplified
880 # sub compose_namespace {
881 # my ($self, $target, $base) = @_;
883 # my $schema = $self->clone;
884 # foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
885 # my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
886 # my $target_class = "${target}::${moniker}";
887 # $self->inject_base(
888 # $target_class => $source->result_class, ($base ? $base : ())
890 # $source->result_class($target_class);
891 # $target_class->result_source_instance($source)
892 # if $target_class->can('result_source_instance');
893 # $schema->register_source($moniker, $source);
898 sub compose_namespace {
899 my ($self, $target, $base) = @_;
900 my $schema = $self->clone;
902 no warnings qw/redefine/;
904 # local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
905 foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
906 my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
907 my $target_class = "${target}::${moniker}";
909 $target_class => $source->result_class, ($base ? $base : ())
911 $source->result_class($target_class);
912 if ($target_class->can('result_source_instance')) {
914 # since the newly created classes are registered only with
915 # the instance of $schema, it should be safe to weaken
916 # the ref (it will GC when $schema is destroyed)
917 $target_class->result_source_instance($source);
918 weaken ${"${target_class}::__cag_result_source_instance"};
920 $schema->register_source($moniker, $source);
923 # Class::C3->reinitialize();
926 no warnings 'redefine';
927 foreach my $meth (qw/class source resultset/) {
928 *{"${target}::${meth}"} = subname "${target}::${meth}" =>
929 sub { shift->schema->$meth(@_) };
935 sub setup_connection_class {
936 my ($class, $target, @info) = @_;
937 $class->inject_base($target => 'DBIx::Class::DB');
938 #$target->load_components('DB');
939 $target->connection(@info);
944 Creates a new savepoint (does nothing outside a transaction).
945 Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->svp_begin. See
946 L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"svp_begin"> for more information.
951 my ($self, $name) = @_;
953 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
954 ('svp_begin called on $schema without storage');
956 $self->storage->svp_begin($name);
961 Releases a savepoint (does nothing outside a transaction).
962 Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->svp_release. See
963 L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"svp_release"> for more information.
968 my ($self, $name) = @_;
970 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
971 ('svp_release called on $schema without storage');
973 $self->storage->svp_release($name);
978 Rollback to a savepoint (does nothing outside a transaction).
979 Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->svp_rollback. See
980 L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"svp_rollback"> for more information.
985 my ($self, $name) = @_;
987 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
988 ('svp_rollback called on $schema without storage');
990 $self->storage->svp_rollback($name);
997 =item Return Value: $new_schema
1001 Clones the schema and its associated result_source objects and returns the
1008 my $clone = { (ref $self ? %$self : ()) };
1009 bless $clone, (ref $self || $self);
1011 $clone->class_mappings({ %{$clone->class_mappings} });
1012 $clone->source_registrations({ %{$clone->source_registrations} });
1013 foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
1014 my $source = $self->source($moniker);
1015 my $new = $source->new($source);
1016 # we use extra here as we want to leave the class_mappings as they are
1017 # but overwrite the source_registrations entry with the new source
1018 $clone->register_extra_source($moniker => $new);
1020 $clone->storage->set_schema($clone) if $clone->storage;
1024 =head2 throw_exception
1028 =item Arguments: $message
1032 Throws an exception. Defaults to using L<Carp::Clan> to report errors from
1033 user's perspective. See L</exception_action> for details on overriding
1034 this method's behavior. If L</stacktrace> is turned on, C<throw_exception>'s
1035 default behavior will provide a detailed stack trace.
1039 my $false_exception_action_warned;
1040 sub throw_exception {
1043 if (my $act = $self->exception_action) {
1045 DBIx::Class::Exception->throw(
1046 "Invocation of the exception_action handler installed on $self did *not*"
1047 .' result in an exception. DBIx::Class is unable to function without a reliable'
1048 .' exception mechanism, ensure that exception_action does not hide exceptions'
1049 ." (original error: $_[0])"
1052 elsif(! $false_exception_action_warned++) {
1054 "The exception_action handler installed on $self returned false instead"
1055 .' of throwing an exception. This behavior has been deprecated, adjust your'
1056 .' handler to always rethrow the supplied error.'
1061 DBIx::Class::Exception->throw($_[0], $self->stacktrace);
1068 =item Arguments: \%sqlt_args, $dir
1072 Attempts to deploy the schema to the current storage using L<SQL::Translator>.
1074 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
1075 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
1076 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
1077 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_table_names> and
1078 C<quote_field_names>.
1080 Additionally, the DBIx::Class parser accepts a C<sources> parameter as a hash
1081 ref or an array ref, containing a list of source to deploy. If present, then
1082 only the sources listed will get deployed. Furthermore, you can use the
1083 C<add_fk_index> parser parameter to prevent the parser from creating an index for each
1089 my ($self, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
1090 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without storage") unless $self->storage;
1091 $self->storage->deploy($self, undef, $sqltargs, $dir);
1094 =head2 deployment_statements
1098 =item Arguments: See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/deployment_statements>
1100 =item Return value: $listofstatements
1104 A convenient shortcut to
1105 C<< $self->storage->deployment_statements($self, @args) >>.
1106 Returns the SQL statements used by L</deploy> and
1107 L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Storage/deploy>.
1111 sub deployment_statements {
1114 $self->throw_exception("Can't generate deployment statements without a storage")
1115 if not $self->storage;
1117 $self->storage->deployment_statements($self, @_);
1120 =head2 create_ddl_dir
1124 =item Arguments: See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/create_ddl_dir>
1128 A convenient shortcut to
1129 C<< $self->storage->create_ddl_dir($self, @args) >>.
1131 Creates an SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
1132 database types, in the given directory.
1136 sub create_ddl_dir {
1139 $self->throw_exception("Can't create_ddl_dir without storage") unless $self->storage;
1140 $self->storage->create_ddl_dir($self, @_);
1147 =item Arguments: $database-type, $version, $directory, $preversion
1149 =item Return value: $normalised_filename
1153 my $filename = $table->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir, $preversion)
1155 This method is called by C<create_ddl_dir> to compose a file name out of
1156 the supplied directory, database type and version number. The default file
1157 name format is: C<$dir$schema-$version-$type.sql>.
1159 You may override this method in your schema if you wish to use a different
1164 Prior to DBIx::Class version 0.08100 this method had a different signature:
1166 my $filename = $table->ddl_filename($type, $dir, $version, $preversion)
1168 In recent versions variables $dir and $version were reversed in order to
1169 bring the signature in line with other Schema/Storage methods. If you
1170 really need to maintain backward compatibility, you can do the following
1171 in any overriding methods:
1173 ($dir, $version) = ($version, $dir) if ($DBIx::Class::VERSION < 0.08100);
1178 my ($self, $type, $version, $dir, $preversion) = @_;
1180 my $filename = ref($self);
1181 $filename =~ s/::/-/g;
1182 $filename = File::Spec->catfile($dir, "$filename-$version-$type.sql");
1183 $filename =~ s/$version/$preversion-$version/ if($preversion);
1190 Provided as the recommended way of thawing schema objects. You can call
1191 C<Storable::thaw> directly if you wish, but the thawed objects will not have a
1192 reference to any schema, so are rather useless.
1197 my ($self, $obj) = @_;
1198 local $DBIx::Class::ResultSourceHandle::thaw_schema = $self;
1199 return Storable::thaw($obj);
1204 This doesn't actually do anything more than call L<Storable/nfreeze>, it is just
1205 provided here for symmetry.
1210 return Storable::nfreeze($_[1]);
1217 =item Arguments: $object
1219 =item Return Value: dcloned $object
1223 Recommended way of dcloning L<DBIx::Class::Row> and L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet>
1224 objects so their references to the schema object
1225 (which itself is B<not> cloned) are properly maintained.
1230 my ($self, $obj) = @_;
1231 local $DBIx::Class::ResultSourceHandle::thaw_schema = $self;
1232 return Storable::dclone($obj);
1235 =head2 schema_version
1237 Returns the current schema class' $VERSION in a normalised way.
1241 sub schema_version {
1243 my $class = ref($self)||$self;
1245 # does -not- use $schema->VERSION
1246 # since that varies in results depending on if version.pm is installed, and if
1247 # so the perl or XS versions. If you want this to change, bug the version.pm
1248 # author to make vpp and vxs behave the same.
1253 $version = ${"${class}::VERSION"};
1259 =head2 register_class
1263 =item Arguments: $moniker, $component_class
1267 This method is called by L</load_namespaces> and L</load_classes> to install the found classes into your Schema. You should be using those instead of this one.
1269 You will only need this method if you have your Result classes in
1270 files which are not named after the packages (or all in the same
1271 file). You may also need it to register classes at runtime.
1273 Registers a class which isa DBIx::Class::ResultSourceProxy. Equivalent to
1276 $schema->register_source($moniker, $component_class->result_source_instance);
1280 sub register_class {
1281 my ($self, $moniker, $to_register) = @_;
1282 $self->register_source($moniker => $to_register->result_source_instance);
1285 =head2 register_source
1289 =item Arguments: $moniker, $result_source
1293 This method is called by L</register_class>.
1295 Registers the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> in the schema with the given
1300 sub register_source {
1303 $self->_register_source(@_);
1306 =head2 unregister_source
1310 =item Arguments: $moniker
1314 Removes the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> from the schema for the given moniker.
1318 sub unregister_source {
1321 $self->_unregister_source(@_);
1324 =head2 register_extra_source
1328 =item Arguments: $moniker, $result_source
1332 As L</register_source> but should be used if the result class already
1333 has a source and you want to register an extra one.
1337 sub register_extra_source {
1340 $self->_register_source(@_, { extra => 1 });
1343 sub _register_source {
1344 my ($self, $moniker, $source, $params) = @_;
1346 my $orig_source = $source;
1348 $source = $source->new({ %$source, source_name => $moniker });
1349 $source->schema($self);
1350 weaken $source->{schema} if ref($self);
1352 my $rs_class = $source->result_class;
1354 my %reg = %{$self->source_registrations};
1355 $reg{$moniker} = $source;
1356 $self->source_registrations(\%reg);
1358 return if ($params->{extra});
1359 return unless defined($rs_class) && $rs_class->can('result_source_instance');
1361 my %map = %{$self->class_mappings};
1363 exists $map{$rs_class}
1365 $map{$rs_class} ne $moniker
1367 $rs_class->result_source_instance ne $orig_source
1369 carp "$rs_class already has a source, use register_extra_source for additional sources";
1371 $map{$rs_class} = $moniker;
1372 $self->class_mappings(\%map);
1375 sub _unregister_source {
1376 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
1377 my %reg = %{$self->source_registrations};
1379 my $source = delete $reg{$moniker};
1380 $self->source_registrations(\%reg);
1381 if ($source->result_class) {
1382 my %map = %{$self->class_mappings};
1383 delete $map{$source->result_class};
1384 $self->class_mappings(\%map);
1389 =head2 compose_connection (DEPRECATED)
1393 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, @db_info
1395 =item Return Value: $new_schema
1399 DEPRECATED. You probably wanted compose_namespace.
1401 Actually, you probably just wanted to call connect.
1405 (hidden due to deprecation)
1407 Calls L<DBIx::Class::Schema/"compose_namespace"> to the target namespace,
1408 calls L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection> with @db_info on the new schema,
1409 then injects the L<DBix::Class::ResultSetProxy> component and a
1410 resultset_instance classdata entry on all the new classes, in order to support
1411 $target_namespaces::$class->search(...) method calls.
1413 This is primarily useful when you have a specific need for class method access
1414 to a connection. In normal usage it is preferred to call
1415 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect> and use the resulting schema object to operate
1416 on L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> objects with L<DBIx::Class::Schema/resultset> for
1426 sub compose_connection {
1427 my ($self, $target, @info) = @_;
1429 carp "compose_connection deprecated as of 0.08000"
1430 unless ($INC{"DBIx/Class/CDBICompat.pm"} || $warn++);
1432 my $base = 'DBIx::Class::ResultSetProxy';
1434 eval "require ${base};"
1437 $self->throw_exception
1438 ("No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${base} ($_)")
1441 if ($self eq $target) {
1442 # Pathological case, largely caused by the docs on early C::M::DBIC::Plain
1443 foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
1444 my $source = $self->source($moniker);
1445 my $class = $source->result_class;
1446 $self->inject_base($class, $base);
1447 $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
1448 $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $self);
1450 $self->connection(@info);
1454 my $schema = $self->compose_namespace($target, $base);
1457 my $name = join '::', $target, 'schema';
1458 *$name = subname $name, sub { $schema };
1461 $schema->connection(@info);
1462 foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
1463 my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
1464 my $class = $source->result_class;
1465 #warn "$moniker $class $source ".$source->storage;
1466 $class->mk_classdata(result_source_instance => $source);
1467 $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
1468 $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $schema);
1478 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
1482 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.