1 package DBIx::Class::Row;
6 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
8 use DBIx::Class::Exception;
17 $ENV{DBIC_MULTICREATE_DEBUG}
22 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => qw/_source_handle/);
26 DBIx::Class::Row - Basic row methods
32 This class is responsible for defining and doing basic operations on rows
33 derived from L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> objects.
35 Row objects are returned from L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet>s using the
36 L<create|DBIx::Class::ResultSet/create>, L<find|DBIx::Class::ResultSet/find>,
37 L<next|DBIx::Class::ResultSet/next> and L<all|DBIx::Class::ResultSet/all> methods,
38 as well as invocations of 'single' (
39 L<belongs_to|DBIx::Class::Relationship/belongs_to>,
40 L<has_one|DBIx::Class::Relationship/has_one> or
41 L<might_have|DBIx::Class::Relationship/might_have>)
42 relationship accessors of L<DBIx::Class::Row> objects.
48 my $row = My::Class->new(\%attrs);
50 my $row = $schema->resultset('MySource')->new(\%colsandvalues);
54 =item Arguments: \%attrs or \%colsandvalues
56 =item Returns: A Row object
60 While you can create a new row object by calling C<new> directly on
61 this class, you are better off calling it on a
62 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> object.
64 When calling it directly, you will not get a complete, usable row
65 object until you pass or set the C<source_handle> attribute, to a
66 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> instance that is attached to a
67 L<DBIx::Class::Schema> with a valid connection.
69 C<$attrs> is a hashref of column name, value data. It can also contain
70 some other attributes such as the C<source_handle>.
72 Passing an object, or an arrayref of objects as a value will call
73 L<DBIx::Class::Relationship::Base/set_from_related> for you. When
74 passed a hashref or an arrayref of hashrefs as the value, these will
75 be turned into objects via new_related, and treated as if you had
78 For a more involved explanation, see L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/create>.
80 Please note that if a value is not passed to new, no value will be sent
81 in the SQL INSERT call, and the column will therefore assume whatever
82 default value was specified in your database. While DBIC will retrieve the
83 value of autoincrement columns, it will never make an explicit database
84 trip to retrieve default values assigned by the RDBMS. You can explicitly
85 request that all values be fetched back from the database by calling
86 L</discard_changes>, or you can supply an explicit C<undef> to columns
87 with NULL as the default, and save yourself a SELECT.
91 The behavior described above will backfire if you use a foreign key column
92 with a database-defined default. If you call the relationship accessor on
93 an object that doesn't have a set value for the FK column, DBIC will throw
94 an exception, as it has no way of knowing the PK of the related object (if
99 ## It needs to store the new objects somewhere, and call insert on that list later when insert is called on this object. We may need an accessor for these so the user can retrieve them, if just doing ->new().
100 ## This only works because DBIC doesnt yet care to check whether the new_related objects have been passed all their mandatory columns
101 ## When doing the later insert, we need to make sure the PKs are set.
102 ## using _relationship_data in new and funky ways..
103 ## check Relationship::CascadeActions and Relationship::Accessor for compat
106 sub __new_related_find_or_new_helper {
107 my ($self, $relname, $data) = @_;
108 if ($self->__their_pk_needs_us($relname, $data)) {
109 MULTICREATE_DEBUG and warn "MC $self constructing $relname via new_result";
110 return $self->result_source
111 ->related_source($relname)
115 if ($self->result_source->_pk_depends_on($relname, $data)) {
116 MULTICREATE_DEBUG and warn "MC $self constructing $relname via find_or_new";
117 return $self->result_source
118 ->related_source($relname)
120 ->find_or_new($data);
122 MULTICREATE_DEBUG and warn "MC $self constructing $relname via find_or_new_related";
123 return $self->find_or_new_related($relname, $data);
126 sub __their_pk_needs_us { # this should maybe be in resultsource.
127 my ($self, $relname, $data) = @_;
128 my $source = $self->result_source;
129 my $reverse = $source->reverse_relationship_info($relname);
130 my $rel_source = $source->related_source($relname);
131 my $us = { $self->get_columns };
132 foreach my $key (keys %$reverse) {
133 # if their primary key depends on us, then we have to
134 # just create a result and we'll fill it out afterwards
135 return 1 if $rel_source->_pk_depends_on($key, $us);
141 my ($class, $attrs) = @_;
142 $class = ref $class if ref $class;
149 if (my $handle = delete $attrs->{-source_handle}) {
150 $new->_source_handle($handle);
154 if ($source = delete $attrs->{-result_source}) {
155 $new->result_source($source);
158 if (my $related = delete $attrs->{-cols_from_relations}) {
159 @{$new->{_ignore_at_insert}={}}{@$related} = ();
163 $new->throw_exception("attrs must be a hashref")
164 unless ref($attrs) eq 'HASH';
166 my ($related,$inflated);
168 foreach my $key (keys %$attrs) {
169 if (ref $attrs->{$key}) {
170 ## Can we extract this lot to use with update(_or .. ) ?
171 $new->throw_exception("Can't do multi-create without result source")
173 my $info = $source->relationship_info($key);
174 if ($info && $info->{attrs}{accessor}
175 && $info->{attrs}{accessor} eq 'single')
177 my $rel_obj = delete $attrs->{$key};
178 if(!Scalar::Util::blessed($rel_obj)) {
179 $rel_obj = $new->__new_related_find_or_new_helper($key, $rel_obj);
182 if ($rel_obj->in_storage) {
183 $new->{_rel_in_storage}{$key} = 1;
184 $new->set_from_related($key, $rel_obj);
186 MULTICREATE_DEBUG and warn "MC $new uninserted $key $rel_obj\n";
189 $related->{$key} = $rel_obj;
191 } elsif ($info && $info->{attrs}{accessor}
192 && $info->{attrs}{accessor} eq 'multi'
193 && ref $attrs->{$key} eq 'ARRAY') {
194 my $others = delete $attrs->{$key};
195 my $total = @$others;
197 foreach my $idx (0 .. $#$others) {
198 my $rel_obj = $others->[$idx];
199 if(!Scalar::Util::blessed($rel_obj)) {
200 $rel_obj = $new->__new_related_find_or_new_helper($key, $rel_obj);
203 if ($rel_obj->in_storage) {
204 $rel_obj->throw_exception ('A multi relationship can not be pre-existing when doing multicreate. Something went wrong');
206 MULTICREATE_DEBUG and
207 warn "MC $new uninserted $key $rel_obj (${\($idx+1)} of $total)\n";
209 push(@objects, $rel_obj);
211 $related->{$key} = \@objects;
213 } elsif ($info && $info->{attrs}{accessor}
214 && $info->{attrs}{accessor} eq 'filter')
216 ## 'filter' should disappear and get merged in with 'single' above!
217 my $rel_obj = delete $attrs->{$key};
218 if(!Scalar::Util::blessed($rel_obj)) {
219 $rel_obj = $new->__new_related_find_or_new_helper($key, $rel_obj);
221 if ($rel_obj->in_storage) {
222 $new->{_rel_in_storage}{$key} = 1;
225 MULTICREATE_DEBUG and warn "MC $new uninserted $key $rel_obj";
227 $inflated->{$key} = $rel_obj;
229 } elsif ($class->has_column($key)
230 && $class->column_info($key)->{_inflate_info}) {
231 $inflated->{$key} = $attrs->{$key};
235 $new->throw_exception("No such column $key on $class")
236 unless $class->has_column($key);
237 $new->store_column($key => $attrs->{$key});
240 $new->{_relationship_data} = $related if $related;
241 $new->{_inflated_column} = $inflated if $inflated;
253 =item Arguments: none
255 =item Returns: The Row object
259 Inserts an object previously created by L</new> into the database if
260 it isn't already in there. Returns the object itself. Requires the
261 object's result source to be set, or the class to have a
262 result_source_instance method. To insert an entirely new row into
263 the database, use C<create> (see L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/create>).
265 To fetch an uninserted row object, call
266 L<new|DBIx::Class::ResultSet/new> on a resultset.
268 This will also insert any uninserted, related objects held inside this
269 one, see L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/create> for more details.
275 return $self if $self->in_storage;
276 my $source = $self->result_source;
277 $source ||= $self->result_source($self->result_source_instance)
278 if $self->can('result_source_instance');
279 $self->throw_exception("No result_source set on this object; can't insert")
284 # Check if we stored uninserted relobjs here in new()
285 my %related_stuff = (%{$self->{_relationship_data} || {}},
286 %{$self->{_inflated_column} || {}});
288 # insert what needs to be inserted before us
290 for my $relname (keys %related_stuff) {
291 my $rel_obj = $related_stuff{$relname};
293 if (! $self->{_rel_in_storage}{$relname}) {
294 next unless (Scalar::Util::blessed($rel_obj)
295 && $rel_obj->isa('DBIx::Class::Row'));
297 next unless $source->_pk_depends_on(
298 $relname, { $rel_obj->get_columns }
301 # The guard will save us if we blow out of this scope via die
302 $rollback_guard ||= $source->storage->txn_scope_guard;
304 MULTICREATE_DEBUG and warn "MC $self pre-reconstructing $relname $rel_obj\n";
306 my $them = { %{$rel_obj->{_relationship_data} || {} }, $rel_obj->get_inflated_columns };
307 my $re = $self->result_source
308 ->related_source($relname)
310 ->find_or_create($them);
312 %{$rel_obj} = %{$re};
313 $self->{_rel_in_storage}{$relname} = 1;
316 $self->set_from_related($relname, $rel_obj);
317 delete $related_stuff{$relname};
320 # start a transaction here if not started yet and there is more stuff
322 if (keys %related_stuff) {
323 $rollback_guard ||= $source->storage->txn_scope_guard
326 MULTICREATE_DEBUG and do {
327 no warnings 'uninitialized';
328 warn "MC $self inserting (".join(', ', $self->get_columns).")\n";
330 my $updated_cols = $source->storage->insert($source, { $self->get_columns });
331 foreach my $col (keys %$updated_cols) {
332 $self->store_column($col, $updated_cols->{$col});
336 my @auto_pri = grep {
337 (not defined $self->get_column($_))
339 (ref($self->get_column($_)) eq 'SCALAR')
340 } $self->primary_columns;
343 MULTICREATE_DEBUG and warn "MC $self fetching missing PKs ".join(', ', @auto_pri)."\n";
344 my $storage = $self->result_source->storage;
345 $self->throw_exception( "Missing primary key but Storage doesn't support last_insert_id" )
346 unless $storage->can('last_insert_id');
347 my @ids = $storage->last_insert_id($self->result_source,@auto_pri);
348 $self->throw_exception( "Can't get last insert id" )
349 unless (@ids == @auto_pri);
350 $self->store_column($auto_pri[$_] => $ids[$_]) for 0 .. $#ids;
354 $self->{_dirty_columns} = {};
355 $self->{related_resultsets} = {};
357 foreach my $relname (keys %related_stuff) {
358 next unless $source->has_relationship ($relname);
360 my @cands = ref $related_stuff{$relname} eq 'ARRAY'
361 ? @{$related_stuff{$relname}}
362 : $related_stuff{$relname}
366 && Scalar::Util::blessed($cands[0])
367 && $cands[0]->isa('DBIx::Class::Row')
369 my $reverse = $source->reverse_relationship_info($relname);
370 foreach my $obj (@cands) {
371 $obj->set_from_related($_, $self) for keys %$reverse;
372 my $them = { %{$obj->{_relationship_data} || {} }, $obj->get_inflated_columns };
373 if ($self->__their_pk_needs_us($relname, $them)) {
374 if (exists $self->{_ignore_at_insert}{$relname}) {
375 MULTICREATE_DEBUG and warn "MC $self skipping post-insert on $relname";
377 MULTICREATE_DEBUG and warn "MC $self re-creating $relname $obj";
378 my $re = $self->result_source
379 ->related_source($relname)
383 MULTICREATE_DEBUG and warn "MC $self new $relname $obj";
386 MULTICREATE_DEBUG and warn "MC $self post-inserting $obj";
393 $self->in_storage(1);
394 delete $self->{_orig_ident};
395 delete $self->{_ignore_at_insert};
396 $rollback_guard->commit if $rollback_guard;
403 $row->in_storage; # Get value
404 $row->in_storage(1); # Set value
408 =item Arguments: none or 1|0
414 Indicates whether the object exists as a row in the database or
415 not. This is set to true when L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/find>,
416 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/create> or L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/insert>
419 Creating a row object using L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/new>, or calling
420 L</delete> on one, sets it to false.
425 my ($self, $val) = @_;
426 $self->{_in_storage} = $val if @_ > 1;
427 return $self->{_in_storage} ? 1 : 0;
432 $row->update(\%columns?)
436 =item Arguments: none or a hashref
438 =item Returns: The Row object
442 Throws an exception if the row object is not yet in the database,
443 according to L</in_storage>.
445 This method issues an SQL UPDATE query to commit any changes to the
446 object to the database if required.
448 Also takes an optional hashref of C<< column_name => value> >> pairs
449 to update on the object first. Be aware that the hashref will be
450 passed to C<set_inflated_columns>, which might edit it in place, so
451 don't rely on it being the same after a call to C<update>. If you
452 need to preserve the hashref, it is sufficient to pass a shallow copy
453 to C<update>, e.g. ( { %{ $href } } )
455 If the values passed or any of the column values set on the object
456 contain scalar references, eg:
458 $row->last_modified(\'NOW()');
460 $row->update({ last_modified => \'NOW()' });
462 The update will pass the values verbatim into SQL. (See
463 L<SQL::Abstract> docs). The values in your Row object will NOT change
464 as a result of the update call, if you want the object to be updated
465 with the actual values from the database, call L</discard_changes>
468 $row->update()->discard_changes();
470 To determine before calling this method, which column values have
471 changed and will be updated, call L</get_dirty_columns>.
473 To check if any columns will be updated, call L</is_changed>.
475 To force a column to be updated, call L</make_column_dirty> before
481 my ($self, $upd) = @_;
482 $self->throw_exception( "Not in database" ) unless $self->in_storage;
483 my $ident_cond = $self->ident_condition;
484 $self->throw_exception("Cannot safely update a row in a PK-less table")
485 if ! keys %$ident_cond;
487 $self->set_inflated_columns($upd) if $upd;
488 my %to_update = $self->get_dirty_columns;
489 return $self unless keys %to_update;
490 my $rows = $self->result_source->storage->update(
491 $self->result_source, \%to_update,
492 $self->{_orig_ident} || $ident_cond
495 $self->throw_exception( "Can't update ${self}: row not found" );
496 } elsif ($rows > 1) {
497 $self->throw_exception("Can't update ${self}: updated more than one row");
499 $self->{_dirty_columns} = {};
500 $self->{related_resultsets} = {};
501 undef $self->{_orig_ident};
511 =item Arguments: none
513 =item Returns: The Row object
517 Throws an exception if the object is not in the database according to
518 L</in_storage>. Runs an SQL DELETE statement using the primary key
519 values to locate the row.
521 The object is still perfectly usable, but L</in_storage> will
522 now return 0 and the object must be reinserted using L</insert>
523 before it can be used to L</update> the row again.
525 If you delete an object in a class with a C<has_many> relationship, an
526 attempt is made to delete all the related objects as well. To turn
527 this behaviour off, pass C<< cascade_delete => 0 >> in the C<$attr>
528 hashref of the relationship, see L<DBIx::Class::Relationship>. Any
529 database-level cascade or restrict will take precedence over a
530 DBIx-Class-based cascading delete, since DBIx-Class B<deletes the
531 main row first> and only then attempts to delete any remaining related
534 If you delete an object within a txn_do() (see L<DBIx::Class::Storage/txn_do>)
535 and the transaction subsequently fails, the row object will remain marked as
536 not being in storage. If you know for a fact that the object is still in
537 storage (i.e. by inspecting the cause of the transaction's failure), you can
538 use C<< $obj->in_storage(1) >> to restore consistency between the object and
539 the database. This would allow a subsequent C<< $obj->delete >> to work
542 See also L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/delete>.
549 $self->throw_exception( "Not in database" ) unless $self->in_storage;
550 my $ident_cond = $self->{_orig_ident} || $self->ident_condition;
551 $self->throw_exception("Cannot safely delete a row in a PK-less table")
552 if ! keys %$ident_cond;
553 foreach my $column (keys %$ident_cond) {
554 $self->throw_exception("Can't delete the object unless it has loaded the primary keys")
555 unless exists $self->{_column_data}{$column};
557 $self->result_source->storage->delete(
558 $self->result_source, $ident_cond);
559 $self->in_storage(undef);
561 $self->throw_exception("Can't do class delete without a ResultSource instance")
562 unless $self->can('result_source_instance');
563 my $attrs = @_ > 1 && ref $_[$#_] eq 'HASH' ? { %{pop(@_)} } : {};
564 my $query = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : {@_};
565 $self->result_source_instance->resultset->search(@_)->delete;
572 my $val = $row->get_column($col);
576 =item Arguments: $columnname
578 =item Returns: The value of the column
582 Throws an exception if the column name given doesn't exist according
585 Returns a raw column value from the row object, if it has already
586 been fetched from the database or set by an accessor.
588 If an L<inflated value|DBIx::Class::InflateColumn> has been set, it
589 will be deflated and returned.
591 Note that if you used the C<columns> or the C<select/as>
592 L<search attributes|DBIx::Class::ResultSet/ATTRIBUTES> on the resultset from
593 which C<$row> was derived, and B<did not include> C<$columnname> in the list,
594 this method will return C<undef> even if the database contains some value.
596 To retrieve all loaded column values as a hash, use L</get_columns>.
601 my ($self, $column) = @_;
602 $self->throw_exception( "Can't fetch data as class method" ) unless ref $self;
603 return $self->{_column_data}{$column} if exists $self->{_column_data}{$column};
604 if (exists $self->{_inflated_column}{$column}) {
605 return $self->store_column($column,
606 $self->_deflated_column($column, $self->{_inflated_column}{$column}));
608 $self->throw_exception( "No such column '${column}'" ) unless $self->has_column($column);
612 =head2 has_column_loaded
614 if ( $row->has_column_loaded($col) ) {
615 print "$col has been loaded from db";
620 =item Arguments: $columnname
626 Returns a true value if the column value has been loaded from the
627 database (or set locally).
631 sub has_column_loaded {
632 my ($self, $column) = @_;
633 $self->throw_exception( "Can't call has_column data as class method" ) unless ref $self;
634 return 1 if exists $self->{_inflated_column}{$column};
635 return exists $self->{_column_data}{$column};
640 my %data = $row->get_columns;
644 =item Arguments: none
646 =item Returns: A hash of columnname, value pairs.
650 Returns all loaded column data as a hash, containing raw values. To
651 get just one value for a particular column, use L</get_column>.
653 See L</get_inflated_columns> to get the inflated values.
659 if (exists $self->{_inflated_column}) {
660 foreach my $col (keys %{$self->{_inflated_column}}) {
661 $self->store_column($col, $self->_deflated_column($col, $self->{_inflated_column}{$col}))
662 unless exists $self->{_column_data}{$col};
665 return %{$self->{_column_data}};
668 =head2 get_dirty_columns
670 my %data = $row->get_dirty_columns;
674 =item Arguments: none
676 =item Returns: A hash of column, value pairs
680 Only returns the column, value pairs for those columns that have been
681 changed on this object since the last L</update> or L</insert> call.
683 See L</get_columns> to fetch all column/value pairs.
687 sub get_dirty_columns {
689 return map { $_ => $self->{_column_data}{$_} }
690 keys %{$self->{_dirty_columns}};
693 =head2 make_column_dirty
695 $row->make_column_dirty($col)
699 =item Arguments: $columnname
701 =item Returns: undefined
705 Throws an exception if the column does not exist.
707 Marks a column as having been changed regardless of whether it has
711 sub make_column_dirty {
712 my ($self, $column) = @_;
714 $self->throw_exception( "No such column '${column}'" )
715 unless exists $self->{_column_data}{$column} || $self->has_column($column);
717 # the entire clean/dirty code relies on exists, not on true/false
718 return 1 if exists $self->{_dirty_columns}{$column};
720 $self->{_dirty_columns}{$column} = 1;
722 # if we are just now making the column dirty, and if there is an inflated
723 # value, force it over the deflated one
724 if (exists $self->{_inflated_column}{$column}) {
725 $self->store_column($column,
726 $self->_deflated_column(
727 $column, $self->{_inflated_column}{$column}
733 =head2 get_inflated_columns
735 my %inflated_data = $obj->get_inflated_columns;
739 =item Arguments: none
741 =item Returns: A hash of column, object|value pairs
745 Returns a hash of all column keys and associated values. Values for any
746 columns set to use inflation will be inflated and returns as objects.
748 See L</get_columns> to get the uninflated values.
750 See L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn> for how to setup inflation.
754 sub get_inflated_columns {
757 my %loaded_colinfo = (map
758 { $_ => $self->column_info($_) }
759 (grep { $self->has_column_loaded($_) } $self->columns)
763 for my $col (keys %loaded_colinfo) {
764 if (exists $loaded_colinfo{$col}{accessor}) {
765 my $acc = $loaded_colinfo{$col}{accessor};
767 $inflated{$col} = $self->$acc;
771 $inflated{$col} = $self->$col;
775 # return all loaded columns with the inflations overlayed on top
776 return ($self->get_columns, %inflated);
781 $row->set_column($col => $val);
785 =item Arguments: $columnname, $value
787 =item Returns: $value
791 Sets a raw column value. If the new value is different from the old one,
792 the column is marked as dirty for when you next call L</update>.
794 If passed an object or reference as a value, this method will happily
795 attempt to store it, and a later L</insert> or L</update> will try and
796 stringify/numify as appropriate. To set an object to be deflated
797 instead, see L</set_inflated_columns>.
802 my ($self, $column, $new_value) = @_;
804 $self->{_orig_ident} ||= $self->ident_condition;
805 my $old_value = $self->get_column($column);
807 $new_value = $self->store_column($column, $new_value);
810 if (!$self->in_storage) { # no point tracking dirtyness on uninserted data
813 elsif (defined $old_value xor defined $new_value) {
816 elsif (not defined $old_value) { # both undef
819 elsif ($old_value eq $new_value) {
822 else { # do a numeric comparison if datatype allows it
823 my $colinfo = $self->column_info ($column);
825 # cache for speed (the object may *not* have a resultsource instance)
826 if (not defined $colinfo->{is_numeric} && $self->_source_handle) {
827 $colinfo->{is_numeric} =
828 $self->result_source->schema->storage->is_datatype_numeric ($colinfo->{data_type})
834 if ($colinfo->{is_numeric}) {
835 $dirty = $old_value != $new_value;
842 # sadly the update code just checks for keys, not for their value
843 $self->{_dirty_columns}{$column} = 1 if $dirty;
845 # XXX clear out the relation cache for this column
846 delete $self->{related_resultsets}{$column};
853 $row->set_columns({ $col => $val, ... });
857 =item Arguments: \%columndata
859 =item Returns: The Row object
863 Sets multiple column, raw value pairs at once.
865 Works as L</set_column>.
870 my ($self,$data) = @_;
871 foreach my $col (keys %$data) {
872 $self->set_column($col,$data->{$col});
877 =head2 set_inflated_columns
879 $row->set_inflated_columns({ $col => $val, $relname => $obj, ... });
883 =item Arguments: \%columndata
885 =item Returns: The Row object
889 Sets more than one column value at once. Any inflated values are
890 deflated and the raw values stored.
892 Any related values passed as Row objects, using the relation name as a
893 key, are reduced to the appropriate foreign key values and stored. If
894 instead of related row objects, a hashref of column, value data is
895 passed, will create the related object first then store.
897 Will even accept arrayrefs of data as a value to a
898 L<DBIx::Class::Relationship/has_many> key, and create the related
899 objects if necessary.
901 Be aware that the input hashref might be edited in place, so dont rely
902 on it being the same after a call to C<set_inflated_columns>. If you
903 need to preserve the hashref, it is sufficient to pass a shallow copy
904 to C<set_inflated_columns>, e.g. ( { %{ $href } } )
906 See also L<DBIx::Class::Relationship::Base/set_from_related>.
910 sub set_inflated_columns {
911 my ( $self, $upd ) = @_;
912 foreach my $key (keys %$upd) {
913 if (ref $upd->{$key}) {
914 my $info = $self->relationship_info($key);
915 if ($info && $info->{attrs}{accessor}
916 && $info->{attrs}{accessor} eq 'single')
918 my $rel = delete $upd->{$key};
919 $self->set_from_related($key => $rel);
920 $self->{_relationship_data}{$key} = $rel;
921 } elsif ($info && $info->{attrs}{accessor}
922 && $info->{attrs}{accessor} eq 'multi') {
923 $self->throw_exception(
924 "Recursive update is not supported over relationships of type multi ($key)"
927 elsif ($self->has_column($key)
928 && exists $self->column_info($key)->{_inflate_info})
930 $self->set_inflated_column($key, delete $upd->{$key});
934 $self->set_columns($upd);
939 my $copy = $orig->copy({ change => $to, ... });
943 =item Arguments: \%replacementdata
945 =item Returns: The Row object copy
949 Inserts a new row into the database, as a copy of the original
950 object. If a hashref of replacement data is supplied, these will take
951 precedence over data in the original. Also any columns which have
952 the L<column info attribute|DBIx::Class::ResultSource/add_columns>
953 C<< is_auto_increment => 1 >> are explicitly removed before the copy,
954 so that the database can insert its own autoincremented values into
957 Relationships will be followed by the copy procedure B<only> if the
958 relationship specifes a true value for its
959 L<cascade_copy|DBIx::Class::Relationship::Base> attribute. C<cascade_copy>
960 is set by default on C<has_many> relationships and unset on all others.
965 my ($self, $changes) = @_;
967 my $col_data = { %{$self->{_column_data}} };
968 foreach my $col (keys %$col_data) {
969 delete $col_data->{$col}
970 if $self->result_source->column_info($col)->{is_auto_increment};
973 my $new = { _column_data => $col_data };
974 bless $new, ref $self;
976 $new->result_source($self->result_source);
977 $new->set_inflated_columns($changes);
980 # Its possible we'll have 2 relations to the same Source. We need to make
981 # sure we don't try to insert the same row twice esle we'll violate unique
983 my $rels_copied = {};
985 foreach my $rel ($self->result_source->relationships) {
986 my $rel_info = $self->result_source->relationship_info($rel);
988 next unless $rel_info->{attrs}{cascade_copy};
990 my $resolved = $self->result_source->_resolve_condition(
991 $rel_info->{cond}, $rel, $new
994 my $copied = $rels_copied->{ $rel_info->{source} } ||= {};
995 foreach my $related ($self->search_related($rel)) {
996 my $id_str = join("\0", $related->id);
997 next if $copied->{$id_str};
998 $copied->{$id_str} = 1;
999 my $rel_copy = $related->copy($resolved);
1008 $row->store_column($col => $val);
1012 =item Arguments: $columnname, $value
1014 =item Returns: The value sent to storage
1018 Set a raw value for a column without marking it as changed. This
1019 method is used internally by L</set_column> which you should probably
1022 This is the lowest level at which data is set on a row object,
1023 extend this method to catch all data setting methods.
1028 my ($self, $column, $value) = @_;
1029 $self->throw_exception( "No such column '${column}'" )
1030 unless exists $self->{_column_data}{$column} || $self->has_column($column);
1031 $self->throw_exception( "set_column called for ${column} without value" )
1033 return $self->{_column_data}{$column} = $value;
1036 =head2 inflate_result
1038 Class->inflate_result($result_source, \%me, \%prefetch?)
1042 =item Arguments: $result_source, \%columndata, \%prefetcheddata
1044 =item Returns: A Row object
1048 All L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> methods that retrieve data from the
1049 database and turn it into row objects call this method.
1051 Extend this method in your Result classes to hook into this process,
1052 for example to rebless the result into a different class.
1054 Reblessing can also be done more easily by setting C<result_class> in
1055 your Result class. See L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource/result_class>.
1057 Different types of results can also be created from a particular
1058 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet>, see L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/result_class>.
1062 sub inflate_result {
1063 my ($class, $source, $me, $prefetch) = @_;
1065 my ($source_handle) = $source;
1067 if ($source->isa('DBIx::Class::ResultSourceHandle')) {
1068 $source = $source_handle->resolve
1070 $source_handle = $source->handle
1074 _source_handle => $source_handle,
1075 _column_data => $me,
1077 bless $new, (ref $class || $class);
1080 foreach my $pre (keys %{$prefetch||{}}) {
1081 my $pre_val = $prefetch->{$pre};
1082 my $pre_source = $source->related_source($pre);
1083 $class->throw_exception("Can't prefetch non-existent relationship ${pre}")
1085 if (ref($pre_val->[0]) eq 'ARRAY') { # multi
1088 for my $me_pref (@$pre_val) {
1090 # the collapser currently *could* return bogus elements with all
1091 # columns set to undef
1093 for (values %{$me_pref->[0]}) {
1099 next unless $has_def;
1101 push @pre_objects, $pre_source->result_class->inflate_result(
1102 $pre_source, @$me_pref
1106 $new->related_resultset($pre)->set_cache(\@pre_objects);
1107 } elsif (defined $pre_val->[0]) {
1109 unless ($pre_source->primary_columns == grep { exists $pre_val->[0]{$_}
1110 and !defined $pre_val->[0]{$_} } $pre_source->primary_columns)
1112 $fetched = $pre_source->result_class->inflate_result(
1113 $pre_source, @{$pre_val});
1115 my $accessor = $source->relationship_info($pre)->{attrs}{accessor};
1116 $class->throw_exception("No accessor for prefetched $pre")
1117 unless defined $accessor;
1118 if ($accessor eq 'single') {
1119 $new->{_relationship_data}{$pre} = $fetched;
1120 } elsif ($accessor eq 'filter') {
1121 $new->{_inflated_column}{$pre} = $fetched;
1123 $class->throw_exception("Implicit prefetch (via select/columns) not supported with accessor '$accessor'");
1125 $new->related_resultset($pre)->set_cache([ $fetched ]);
1129 $new->in_storage (1);
1133 =head2 update_or_insert
1135 $row->update_or_insert
1139 =item Arguments: none
1141 =item Returns: Result of update or insert operation
1145 L</Update>s the object if it's already in the database, according to
1146 L</in_storage>, else L</insert>s it.
1148 =head2 insert_or_update
1150 $obj->insert_or_update
1152 Alias for L</update_or_insert>
1156 sub insert_or_update { shift->update_or_insert(@_) }
1158 sub update_or_insert {
1160 return ($self->in_storage ? $self->update : $self->insert);
1165 my @changed_col_names = $row->is_changed();
1166 if ($row->is_changed()) { ... }
1170 =item Arguments: none
1172 =item Returns: 0|1 or @columnnames
1176 In list context returns a list of columns with uncommited changes, or
1177 in scalar context returns a true value if there are uncommitted
1183 return keys %{shift->{_dirty_columns} || {}};
1186 =head2 is_column_changed
1188 if ($row->is_column_changed('col')) { ... }
1192 =item Arguments: $columname
1198 Returns a true value if the column has uncommitted changes.
1202 sub is_column_changed {
1203 my( $self, $col ) = @_;
1204 return exists $self->{_dirty_columns}->{$col};
1207 =head2 result_source
1209 my $resultsource = $row->result_source;
1213 =item Arguments: none
1215 =item Returns: a ResultSource instance
1219 Accessor to the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> this object was created from.
1227 $self->_source_handle($_[0]->handle);
1229 $self->_source_handle->resolve;
1233 =head2 register_column
1235 $column_info = { .... };
1236 $class->register_column($column_name, $column_info);
1240 =item Arguments: $columnname, \%columninfo
1242 =item Returns: undefined
1246 Registers a column on the class. If the column_info has an 'accessor'
1247 key, creates an accessor named after the value if defined; if there is
1248 no such key, creates an accessor with the same name as the column
1250 The column_info attributes are described in
1251 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource/add_columns>
1255 sub register_column {
1256 my ($class, $col, $info) = @_;
1258 if (exists $info->{accessor}) {
1259 return unless defined $info->{accessor};
1260 $acc = [ $info->{accessor}, $col ];
1262 $class->mk_group_accessors('column' => $acc);
1265 =head2 get_from_storage
1267 my $copy = $row->get_from_storage($attrs)
1271 =item Arguments: \%attrs
1273 =item Returns: A Row object
1277 Fetches a fresh copy of the Row object from the database and returns it.
1279 If passed the \%attrs argument, will first apply these attributes to
1280 the resultset used to find the row.
1282 This copy can then be used to compare to an existing row object, to
1283 determine if any changes have been made in the database since it was
1286 To just update your Row object with any latest changes from the
1287 database, use L</discard_changes> instead.
1289 The \%attrs argument should be compatible with
1290 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/ATTRIBUTES>.
1294 sub get_from_storage {
1295 my $self = shift @_;
1296 my $attrs = shift @_;
1297 my $resultset = $self->result_source->resultset;
1299 if(defined $attrs) {
1300 $resultset = $resultset->search(undef, $attrs);
1303 return $resultset->find($self->{_orig_ident} || $self->ident_condition);
1306 =head2 discard_changes ($attrs)
1308 Re-selects the row from the database, losing any changes that had
1311 This method can also be used to refresh from storage, retrieving any
1312 changes made since the row was last read from storage.
1314 $attrs is expected to be a hashref of attributes suitable for passing as the
1315 second argument to $resultset->search($cond, $attrs);
1319 sub discard_changes {
1320 my ($self, $attrs) = @_;
1321 delete $self->{_dirty_columns};
1322 return unless $self->in_storage; # Don't reload if we aren't real!
1324 # add a replication default to read from the master only
1325 $attrs = { force_pool => 'master', %{$attrs||{}} };
1327 if( my $current_storage = $self->get_from_storage($attrs)) {
1329 # Set $self to the current.
1330 %$self = %$current_storage;
1332 # Avoid a possible infinite loop with
1333 # sub DESTROY { $_[0]->discard_changes }
1334 bless $current_storage, 'Do::Not::Exist';
1339 $self->in_storage(0);
1345 =head2 throw_exception
1347 See L<DBIx::Class::Schema/throw_exception>.
1351 sub throw_exception {
1354 if (ref $self && ref $self->result_source && $self->result_source->schema) {
1355 $self->result_source->schema->throw_exception(@_)
1358 DBIx::Class::Exception->throw(@_);
1368 =item Arguments: none
1370 =item Returns: A list of primary key values
1374 Returns the primary key(s) for a row. Can't be called as a class method.
1375 Actually implemented in L<DBIx::Class::PK>
1377 =head2 discard_changes
1379 $row->discard_changes
1383 =item Arguments: none
1385 =item Returns: nothing (updates object in-place)
1389 Retrieves and sets the row object data from the database, losing any
1392 This method can also be used to refresh from storage, retrieving any
1393 changes made since the row was last read from storage. Actually
1394 implemented in L<DBIx::Class::PK>
1396 Note: If you are using L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Replicated> as your
1397 storage, please kept in mind that if you L</discard_changes> on a row that you
1398 just updated or created, you should wrap the entire bit inside a transaction.
1399 Otherwise you run the risk that you insert or update to the master database
1400 but read from a replicant database that has not yet been updated from the
1401 master. This will result in unexpected results.
1409 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
1413 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.