1 package DBIx::Class::Relationship::Base;
7 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
11 DBIx::Class::Relationship::Base - Inter-table relationships
17 This class provides methods to describe the relationships between the
18 tables in your database model. These are the "bare bones" relationships
19 methods, for predefined ones, look in L<DBIx::Class::Relationship>.
23 =head2 add_relationship
27 =item Arguments: 'relname', 'Foreign::Class', $cond, $attrs
31 __PACKAGE__->add_relationship('relname', 'Foreign::Class', $cond, $attrs);
35 The condition needs to be an L<SQL::Abstract>-style representation of the
36 join between the tables. When resolving the condition for use in a C<JOIN>,
37 keys using the pseudo-table C<foreign> are resolved to mean "the Table on the
38 other side of the relationship", and values using the pseudo-table C<self>
39 are resolved to mean "the Table this class is representing". Other
40 restrictions, such as by value, sub-select and other tables, may also be
41 used. Please check your database for C<JOIN> parameter support.
43 For example, if you're creating a relationship from C<Author> to C<Book>, where
44 the C<Book> table has a column C<author_id> containing the ID of the C<Author>
47 { 'foreign.author_id' => 'self.id' }
49 will result in the C<JOIN> clause
51 author me JOIN book book ON book.author_id = me.id
53 For multi-column foreign keys, you will need to specify a C<foreign>-to-C<self>
54 mapping for each column in the key. For example, if you're creating a
55 relationship from C<Book> to C<Edition>, where the C<Edition> table refers to a
56 publisher and a type (e.g. "paperback"):
59 'foreign.publisher_id' => 'self.publisher_id',
60 'foreign.type_id' => 'self.type_id',
63 This will result in the C<JOIN> clause:
65 book me JOIN edition edition ON edition.publisher_id = me.publisher_id
66 AND edition.type_id = me.type_id
68 Each key-value pair provided in a hashref will be used as C<AND>ed conditions.
69 To add an C<OR>ed condition, use an arrayref of hashrefs. See the
70 L<SQL::Abstract> documentation for more details.
74 The L<standard ResultSet attributes|DBIx::Class::ResultSet/ATTRIBUTES> may
75 be used as relationship attributes. In particular, the 'where' attribute is
76 useful for filtering relationships:
78 __PACKAGE__->has_many( 'valid_users', 'MyApp::Schema::User',
79 { 'foreign.user_id' => 'self.user_id' },
80 { where => { valid => 1 } }
83 The following attributes are also valid:
89 Explicitly specifies the type of join to use in the relationship. Any SQL
90 join type is valid, e.g. C<LEFT> or C<RIGHT>. It will be placed in the SQL
91 command immediately before C<JOIN>.
95 An arrayref containing a list of accessors in the foreign class to create in
96 the main class. If, for example, you do the following:
98 MyDB::Schema::CD->might_have(liner_notes => 'MyDB::Schema::LinerNotes',
100 proxy => [ qw/notes/ ],
103 Then, assuming MyDB::Schema::LinerNotes has an accessor named notes, you can do:
105 my $cd = MyDB::Schema::CD->find(1);
106 $cd->notes('Notes go here'); # set notes -- LinerNotes object is
107 # created if it doesn't exist
111 Specifies the type of accessor that should be created for the relationship.
112 Valid values are C<single> (for when there is only a single related object),
113 C<multi> (when there can be many), and C<filter> (for when there is a single
114 related object, but you also want the relationship accessor to double as
115 a column accessor). For C<multi> accessors, an add_to_* method is also
116 created, which calls C<create_related> for the relationship.
118 =item is_foreign_key_constraint
120 If you are using L<SQL::Translator> to create SQL for you and you find that it
121 is creating constraints where it shouldn't, or not creating them where it
122 should, set this attribute to a true or false value to override the detection
123 of when to create constraints.
125 =item on_delete / on_update
127 If you are using L<SQL::Translator> to create SQL for you, you can use these
128 attributes to explicitly set the desired C<ON DELETE> or C<ON UPDATE> constraint
129 type. If not supplied the SQLT parser will attempt to infer the constraint type by
130 interrogating the attributes of the B<opposite> relationship. For any 'multi'
131 relationship with C<< cascade_delete => 1 >>, the corresponding belongs_to
132 relationship will be created with an C<ON DELETE CASCADE> constraint. For any
133 relationship bearing C<< cascade_copy => 1 >> the resulting belongs_to constraint
134 will be C<ON UPDATE CASCADE>. If you wish to disable this autodetection, and just
135 use the RDBMS' default constraint type, pass C<< on_delete => undef >> or
136 C<< on_delete => '' >>, and the same for C<on_update> respectively.
140 Tells L<SQL::Translator> that the foreign key constraint it creates should be
141 deferrable. In other words, the user may request that the constraint be ignored
142 until the end of the transaction. Currently, only the PostgreSQL producer
143 actually supports this.
147 Tells L<SQL::Translator> to add an index for this constraint. Can also be
148 specified globally in the args to L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy> or
149 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/create_ddl_dir>. Default is on, set to 0 to disable.
153 =head2 register_relationship
157 =item Arguments: $relname, $rel_info
161 Registers a relationship on the class. This is called internally by
162 DBIx::Class::ResultSourceProxy to set up Accessors and Proxies.
166 sub register_relationship { }
168 =head2 related_resultset
172 =item Arguments: $relationship_name
174 =item Return Value: $related_resultset
178 $rs = $cd->related_resultset('artist');
180 Returns a L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> for the relationship named
185 sub related_resultset {
187 $self->throw_exception("Can't call *_related as class methods")
190 my $rel_info = $self->relationship_info($rel);
191 $self->throw_exception( "No such relationship ${rel}" )
194 return $self->{related_resultsets}{$rel} ||= do {
195 my $attrs = (@_ > 1 && ref $_[$#_] eq 'HASH' ? pop(@_) : {});
196 $attrs = { %{$rel_info->{attrs} || {}}, %$attrs };
198 $self->throw_exception( "Invalid query: @_" )
199 if (@_ > 1 && (@_ % 2 == 1));
200 my $query = ((@_ > 1) ? {@_} : shift);
202 my $source = $self->result_source;
203 my $cond = $source->_resolve_condition(
204 $rel_info->{cond}, $rel, $self
206 if ($cond eq $DBIx::Class::ResultSource::UNRESOLVABLE_CONDITION) {
207 my $reverse = $source->reverse_relationship_info($rel);
208 foreach my $rev_rel (keys %$reverse) {
209 if ($reverse->{$rev_rel}{attrs}{accessor} && $reverse->{$rev_rel}{attrs}{accessor} eq 'multi') {
210 $attrs->{related_objects}{$rev_rel} = [ $self ];
211 Scalar::Util::weaken($attrs->{related_object}{$rev_rel}[0]);
213 $attrs->{related_objects}{$rev_rel} = $self;
214 Scalar::Util::weaken($attrs->{related_object}{$rev_rel});
218 if (ref $cond eq 'ARRAY') {
220 if (ref $_ eq 'HASH') {
222 foreach my $key (keys %$_) {
223 my $newkey = $key !~ /\./ ? "me.$key" : $key;
224 $hash->{$newkey} = $_->{$key};
231 } elsif (ref $cond eq 'HASH') {
232 foreach my $key (grep { ! /\./ } keys %$cond) {
233 $cond->{"me.$key"} = delete $cond->{$key};
236 $query = ($query ? { '-and' => [ $cond, $query ] } : $cond);
237 $self->result_source->related_source($rel)->resultset->search(
243 =head2 search_related
245 @objects = $rs->search_related('relname', $cond, $attrs);
246 $objects_rs = $rs->search_related('relname', $cond, $attrs);
248 Run a search on a related resultset. The search will be restricted to the
249 item or items represented by the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> it was called
250 upon. This method can be called on a ResultSet, a Row or a ResultSource class.
255 return shift->related_resultset(shift)->search(@_);
258 =head2 search_related_rs
260 ( $objects_rs ) = $rs->search_related_rs('relname', $cond, $attrs);
262 This method works exactly the same as search_related, except that
263 it guarantees a restultset, even in list context.
267 sub search_related_rs {
268 return shift->related_resultset(shift)->search_rs(@_);
273 $obj->count_related('relname', $cond, $attrs);
275 Returns the count of all the items in the related resultset, restricted by the
276 current item or where conditions. Can be called on a
277 L<DBIx::Class::Manual::Glossary/"ResultSet"> or a
278 L<DBIx::Class::Manual::Glossary/"Row"> object.
284 return $self->search_related(@_)->count;
289 my $new_obj = $obj->new_related('relname', \%col_data);
291 Create a new item of the related foreign class. If called on a
292 L<Row|DBIx::Class::Manual::Glossary/"Row"> object, it will magically
293 set any foreign key columns of the new object to the related primary
294 key columns of the source object for you. The newly created item will
295 not be saved into your storage until you call L<DBIx::Class::Row/insert>
301 my ($self, $rel, $values, $attrs) = @_;
302 return $self->search_related($rel)->new($values, $attrs);
305 =head2 create_related
307 my $new_obj = $obj->create_related('relname', \%col_data);
309 Creates a new item, similarly to new_related, and also inserts the item's data
310 into your storage medium. See the distinction between C<create> and C<new>
311 in L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> for details.
318 my $obj = $self->search_related($rel)->create(@_);
319 delete $self->{related_resultsets}->{$rel};
325 my $found_item = $obj->find_related('relname', @pri_vals | \%pri_vals);
327 Attempt to find a related object using its primary key or unique constraints.
328 See L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/find> for details.
335 return $self->search_related($rel)->find(@_);
338 =head2 find_or_new_related
340 my $new_obj = $obj->find_or_new_related('relname', \%col_data);
342 Find an item of a related class. If none exists, instantiate a new item of the
343 related class. The object will not be saved into your storage until you call
344 L<DBIx::Class::Row/insert> on it.
348 sub find_or_new_related {
350 my $obj = $self->find_related(@_);
351 return defined $obj ? $obj : $self->new_related(@_);
354 =head2 find_or_create_related
356 my $new_obj = $obj->find_or_create_related('relname', \%col_data);
358 Find or create an item of a related class. See
359 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/find_or_create> for details.
363 sub find_or_create_related {
365 my $obj = $self->find_related(@_);
366 return (defined($obj) ? $obj : $self->create_related(@_));
369 =head2 update_or_create_related
371 my $updated_item = $obj->update_or_create_related('relname', \%col_data, \%attrs?);
373 Update or create an item of a related class. See
374 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/update_or_create> for details.
378 sub update_or_create_related {
381 return $self->related_resultset($rel)->update_or_create(@_);
384 =head2 set_from_related
386 $book->set_from_related('author', $author_obj);
387 $book->author($author_obj); ## same thing
389 Set column values on the current object, using related values from the given
390 related object. This is used to associate previously separate objects, for
391 example, to set the correct author for a book, find the Author object, then
392 call set_from_related on the book.
394 This is called internally when you pass existing objects as values to
395 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/create>, or pass an object to a belongs_to acessor.
397 The columns are only set in the local copy of the object, call L</update> to
398 set them in the storage.
402 sub set_from_related {
403 my ($self, $rel, $f_obj) = @_;
404 my $rel_info = $self->relationship_info($rel);
405 $self->throw_exception( "No such relationship ${rel}" ) unless $rel_info;
406 my $cond = $rel_info->{cond};
407 $self->throw_exception(
408 "set_from_related can only handle a hash condition; the ".
409 "condition for $rel is of type ".
410 (ref $cond ? ref $cond : 'plain scalar')
411 ) unless ref $cond eq 'HASH';
412 if (defined $f_obj) {
413 my $f_class = $rel_info->{class};
414 $self->throw_exception( "Object $f_obj isn't a ".$f_class )
415 unless Scalar::Util::blessed($f_obj) and $f_obj->isa($f_class);
418 $self->result_source->_resolve_condition(
419 $rel_info->{cond}, $f_obj, $rel));
423 =head2 update_from_related
425 $book->update_from_related('author', $author_obj);
427 The same as L</"set_from_related">, but the changes are immediately updated
432 sub update_from_related {
434 $self->set_from_related(@_);
438 =head2 delete_related
440 $obj->delete_related('relname', $cond, $attrs);
442 Delete any related item subject to the given conditions.
448 my $obj = $self->search_related(@_)->delete;
449 delete $self->{related_resultsets}->{$_[0]};
455 B<Currently only available for C<has_many>, C<many-to-many> and 'multi' type
460 =item Arguments: ($foreign_vals | $obj), $link_vals?
464 my $role = $schema->resultset('Role')->find(1);
465 $actor->add_to_roles($role);
466 # creates a My::DBIC::Schema::ActorRoles linking table row object
468 $actor->add_to_roles({ name => 'lead' }, { salary => 15_000_000 });
469 # creates a new My::DBIC::Schema::Role row object and the linking table
470 # object with an extra column in the link
472 Adds a linking table object for C<$obj> or C<$foreign_vals>. If the first
473 argument is a hash reference, the related object is created first with the
474 column values in the hash. If an object reference is given, just the linking
475 table object is created. In either case, any additional column values for the
476 linking table object can be specified in C<$link_vals>.
480 B<Currently only available for C<many-to-many> relationships.>
484 =item Arguments: (\@hashrefs | \@objs), $link_vals?
488 my $actor = $schema->resultset('Actor')->find(1);
489 my @roles = $schema->resultset('Role')->search({ role =>
490 { '-in' => ['Fred', 'Barney'] } } );
492 $actor->set_roles(\@roles);
493 # Replaces all of $actor's previous roles with the two named
495 $actor->set_roles(\@roles, { salary => 15_000_000 });
496 # Sets a column in the link table for all roles
499 Replace all the related objects with the given reference to a list of
500 objects. This does a C<delete> B<on the link table resultset> to remove the
501 association between the current object and all related objects, then calls
502 C<add_to_$rel> repeatedly to link all the new objects.
504 Note that this means that this method will B<not> delete any objects in the
505 table on the right side of the relation, merely that it will delete the link
508 Due to a mistake in the original implementation of this method, it will also
509 accept a list of objects or hash references. This is B<deprecated> and will be
510 removed in a future version.
512 =head2 remove_from_$rel
514 B<Currently only available for C<many-to-many> relationships.>
518 =item Arguments: $obj
522 my $role = $schema->resultset('Role')->find(1);
523 $actor->remove_from_roles($role);
524 # removes $role's My::DBIC::Schema::ActorRoles linking table row object
526 Removes the link between the current object and the related object. Note that
527 the related object itself won't be deleted unless you call ->delete() on
528 it. This method just removes the link between the two objects.
532 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
536 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.