2 package Class::MOP::Class;
7 use Class::MOP::Immutable;
8 use Class::MOP::Instance;
9 use Class::MOP::Method::Wrapped;
12 use Scalar::Util 'blessed', 'weaken';
14 our $VERSION = '0.65';
15 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
16 our $AUTHORITY = 'cpan:STEVAN';
18 use base 'Class::MOP::Module';
28 $package_name = shift;
31 $package_name = $options{package};
34 (defined $package_name && $package_name && !ref($package_name))
35 || confess "You must pass a package name and it cannot be blessed";
37 return Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($package_name)
38 || $class->construct_class_instance(package => $package_name, @_);
41 # NOTE: (meta-circularity)
42 # this is a special form of &construct_instance
43 # (see below), which is used to construct class
44 # meta-object instances for any Class::MOP::*
45 # class. All other classes will use the more
46 # normal &construct_instance.
47 sub construct_class_instance {
49 my $options = @_ == 1 ? $_[0] : {@_};
50 my $package_name = $options->{package};
51 (defined $package_name && $package_name)
52 || confess "You must pass a package name";
54 # return the metaclass if we have it cached,
55 # and it is still defined (it has not been
56 # reaped by DESTROY yet, which can happen
57 # annoyingly enough during global destruction)
59 if (defined(my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($package_name))) {
64 # we need to deal with the possibility
65 # of class immutability here, and then
66 # get the name of the class appropriately
68 ? ($class->is_immutable
69 ? $class->get_mutable_metaclass_name()
73 # now create the metaclass
75 if ($class eq 'Class::MOP::Class') {
77 $meta = $class->_new($options)
81 # it is safe to use meta here because
82 # class will always be a subclass of
83 # Class::MOP::Class, which defines meta
84 $meta = $class->meta->construct_instance($options)
87 # and check the metaclass compatibility
88 $meta->check_metaclass_compatibility();
90 Class::MOP::store_metaclass_by_name($package_name, $meta);
93 # we need to weaken any anon classes
94 # so that they can call DESTROY properly
95 Class::MOP::weaken_metaclass($package_name) if $meta->is_anon_class;
102 my $options = @_ == 1 ? $_[0] : {@_};
105 # inherited from Class::MOP::Package
106 'package' => $options->{package},
109 # since the following attributes will
110 # actually be loaded from the symbol
111 # table, and actually bypass the instance
112 # entirely, we can just leave these things
113 # listed here for reference, because they
114 # should not actually have a value associated
116 'namespace' => \undef,
117 # inherited from Class::MOP::Module
119 'authority' => \undef,
120 # defined in Class::MOP::Class
121 'superclasses' => \undef,
125 'attribute_metaclass' => $options->{'attribute_metaclass'} || 'Class::MOP::Attribute',
126 'method_metaclass' => $options->{'method_metaclass'} || 'Class::MOP::Method',
127 'instance_metaclass' => $options->{'instance_metaclass'} || 'Class::MOP::Instance',
131 sub reset_package_cache_flag { (shift)->{'_package_cache_flag'} = undef }
132 sub update_package_cache_flag {
135 # we can manually update the cache number
136 # since we are actually adding the method
137 # to our cache as well. This avoids us
138 # having to regenerate the method_map.
140 $self->{'_package_cache_flag'} = Class::MOP::check_package_cache_flag($self->name);
143 sub check_metaclass_compatibility {
146 # this is always okay ...
147 return if ref($self) eq 'Class::MOP::Class' &&
148 $self->instance_metaclass eq 'Class::MOP::Instance';
150 my @class_list = $self->linearized_isa;
151 shift @class_list; # shift off $self->name
153 foreach my $class_name (@class_list) {
154 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class_name) || next;
157 # we need to deal with the possibility
158 # of class immutability here, and then
159 # get the name of the class appropriately
160 my $meta_type = ($meta->is_immutable
161 ? $meta->get_mutable_metaclass_name()
164 ($self->isa($meta_type))
165 || confess $self->name . "->meta => (" . (ref($self)) . ")" .
166 " is not compatible with the " .
167 $class_name . "->meta => (" . ($meta_type) . ")";
169 # we also need to check that instance metaclasses
170 # are compatibile in the same the class.
171 ($self->instance_metaclass->isa($meta->instance_metaclass))
172 || confess $self->name . "->meta->instance_metaclass => (" . ($self->instance_metaclass) . ")" .
173 " is not compatible with the " .
174 $class_name . "->meta->instance_metaclass => (" . ($meta->instance_metaclass) . ")";
178 # backwards compat for stevan's inability to spell ;)
179 sub check_metaclass_compatability {
181 $self->check_metaclass_compatibility(@_);
188 # this should be sufficient, if you have a
189 # use case where it is not, write a test and
191 my $ANON_CLASS_SERIAL = 0;
194 # we need a sufficiently annoying prefix
195 # this should suffice for now, this is
196 # used in a couple of places below, so
197 # need to put it up here for now.
198 my $ANON_CLASS_PREFIX = 'Class::MOP::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::';
202 no warnings 'uninitialized';
203 $self->name =~ /^$ANON_CLASS_PREFIX/;
206 sub create_anon_class {
207 my ($class, %options) = @_;
208 my $package_name = $ANON_CLASS_PREFIX . ++$ANON_CLASS_SERIAL;
209 return $class->create($package_name, %options);
213 # this will only get called for
214 # anon-classes, all other calls
215 # are assumed to occur during
216 # global destruction and so don't
217 # really need to be handled explicitly
221 return if Class::MOP::in_global_destruction(); # it'll happen soon anyway and this just makes things more complicated
223 no warnings 'uninitialized';
224 return unless $self->name =~ /^$ANON_CLASS_PREFIX/;
225 # Moose does a weird thing where it replaces the metaclass for
226 # class when fixing metaclass incompatibility. In that case,
227 # we don't want to clean out the namespace now. We can detect
228 # that because Moose will explicitly update the singleton
229 # cache in Class::MOP.
230 my $current_meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($self->name);
231 return if $current_meta ne $self;
233 my ($serial_id) = ($self->name =~ /^$ANON_CLASS_PREFIX(\d+)/);
235 foreach my $key (keys %{$ANON_CLASS_PREFIX . $serial_id}) {
236 delete ${$ANON_CLASS_PREFIX . $serial_id}{$key};
238 delete ${'main::' . $ANON_CLASS_PREFIX}{$serial_id . '::'};
243 # creating classes with MOP ...
246 my ( $class, @args ) = @_;
248 unshift @args, 'package' if @args % 2 == 1;
250 my (%options) = @args;
251 my $package_name = $options{package};
253 (defined $package_name && $package_name)
254 || confess "You must pass a package name";
256 (ref $options{superclasses} eq 'ARRAY')
257 || confess "You must pass an ARRAY ref of superclasses"
258 if exists $options{superclasses};
260 (ref $options{attributes} eq 'ARRAY')
261 || confess "You must pass an ARRAY ref of attributes"
262 if exists $options{attributes};
264 (ref $options{methods} eq 'HASH')
265 || confess "You must pass an HASH ref of methods"
266 if exists $options{methods};
268 my $code = "package $package_name;";
269 $code .= "\$$package_name\:\:VERSION = '" . $options{version} . "';"
270 if exists $options{version};
271 $code .= "\$$package_name\:\:AUTHORITY = '" . $options{authority} . "';"
272 if exists $options{authority};
275 confess "creation of $package_name failed : $@" if $@;
277 my $meta = $class->initialize($package_name);
280 $meta->add_method('meta' => sub {
281 $class->initialize(ref($_[0]) || $_[0]);
284 $meta->superclasses(@{$options{superclasses}})
285 if exists $options{superclasses};
287 # process attributes first, so that they can
288 # install accessors, but locally defined methods
289 # can then overwrite them. It is maybe a little odd, but
290 # I think this should be the order of things.
291 if (exists $options{attributes}) {
292 foreach my $attr (@{$options{attributes}}) {
293 $meta->add_attribute($attr);
296 if (exists $options{methods}) {
297 foreach my $method_name (keys %{$options{methods}}) {
298 $meta->add_method($method_name, $options{methods}->{$method_name});
307 # all these attribute readers will be bootstrapped
308 # away in the Class::MOP bootstrap section
310 sub get_attribute_map { $_[0]->{'attributes'} }
311 sub attribute_metaclass { $_[0]->{'attribute_metaclass'} }
312 sub method_metaclass { $_[0]->{'method_metaclass'} }
313 sub instance_metaclass { $_[0]->{'instance_metaclass'} }
316 # this is a prime canidate for conversion to XS
320 my $current = Class::MOP::check_package_cache_flag($self->name);
322 if (defined $self->{'_package_cache_flag'} && $self->{'_package_cache_flag'} == $current) {
323 return $self->{'methods'} ||= {};
326 $self->{_package_cache_flag} = $current;
328 my $map = $self->{'methods'} ||= {};
330 my $class_name = $self->name;
331 my $method_metaclass = $self->method_metaclass;
333 my %all_code = $self->get_all_package_symbols('CODE');
335 foreach my $symbol (keys %all_code) {
336 my $code = $all_code{$symbol};
338 next if exists $map->{$symbol} &&
339 defined $map->{$symbol} &&
340 $map->{$symbol}->body == $code;
342 my ($pkg, $name) = Class::MOP::get_code_info($code);
345 # in 5.10 constant.pm the constants show up
346 # as being in the right package, but in pre-5.10
347 # they show up as constant::__ANON__ so we
348 # make an exception here to be sure that things
349 # work as expected in both.
351 unless ($pkg eq 'constant' && $name eq '__ANON__') {
352 next if ($pkg || '') ne $class_name ||
353 (($name || '') ne '__ANON__' && ($pkg || '') ne $class_name);
356 $map->{$symbol} = $method_metaclass->wrap(
358 associated_metaclass => $self,
359 package_name => $class_name,
367 # Instance Construction & Cloning
373 # we need to protect the integrity of the
374 # Class::MOP::Class singletons here, so we
375 # delegate this to &construct_class_instance
376 # which will deal with the singletons
377 return $class->construct_class_instance(@_)
378 if $class->name->isa('Class::MOP::Class');
379 return $class->construct_instance(@_);
382 sub construct_instance {
384 my $params = @_ == 1 ? $_[0] : {@_};
385 my $meta_instance = $class->get_meta_instance();
386 my $instance = $meta_instance->create_instance();
387 foreach my $attr ($class->compute_all_applicable_attributes()) {
388 $attr->initialize_instance_slot($meta_instance, $instance, $params);
391 # this will only work for a HASH instance type
392 if ($class->is_anon_class) {
393 (Scalar::Util::reftype($instance) eq 'HASH')
394 || confess "Currently only HASH based instances are supported with instance of anon-classes";
396 # At some point we should make this official
397 # as a reserved slot name, but right now I am
398 # going to keep it here.
399 # my $RESERVED_MOP_SLOT = '__MOP__';
400 $instance->{'__MOP__'} = $class;
406 sub get_meta_instance {
408 $self->{'_meta_instance'} ||= $self->create_meta_instance();
411 sub create_meta_instance {
414 my $instance = $self->instance_metaclass->new(
415 associated_metaclass => $self,
416 attributes => [ $self->compute_all_applicable_attributes() ],
419 $self->add_meta_instance_dependencies()
420 if $instance->is_dependent_on_superclasses();
427 my $instance = shift;
428 (blessed($instance) && $instance->isa($class->name))
429 || confess "You must pass an instance of the metaclass (" . (ref $class ? $class->name : $class) . "), not ($instance)";
432 # we need to protect the integrity of the
433 # Class::MOP::Class singletons here, they
434 # should not be cloned.
435 return $instance if $instance->isa('Class::MOP::Class');
436 $class->clone_instance($instance, @_);
440 my ($class, $instance, %params) = @_;
442 || confess "You can only clone instances, ($instance) is not a blessed instance";
443 my $meta_instance = $class->get_meta_instance();
444 my $clone = $meta_instance->clone_instance($instance);
445 foreach my $attr ($class->compute_all_applicable_attributes()) {
446 if ( defined( my $init_arg = $attr->init_arg ) ) {
447 if (exists $params{$init_arg}) {
448 $attr->set_value($clone, $params{$init_arg});
455 sub rebless_instance {
456 my ($self, $instance, %params) = @_;
459 if ($instance->can('meta')) {
460 ($instance->meta->isa('Class::MOP::Class'))
461 || confess 'Cannot rebless instance if ->meta is not an instance of Class::MOP::Class';
462 $old_metaclass = $instance->meta;
465 $old_metaclass = $self->initialize(ref($instance));
468 my $meta_instance = $self->get_meta_instance();
470 $self->name->isa($old_metaclass->name)
471 || confess "You may rebless only into a subclass of (". $old_metaclass->name ."), of which (". $self->name .") isn't.";
474 $meta_instance->rebless_instance_structure($instance, $self);
476 foreach my $attr ( $self->compute_all_applicable_attributes ) {
477 if ( $attr->has_value($instance) ) {
478 if ( defined( my $init_arg = $attr->init_arg ) ) {
479 $params{$init_arg} = $attr->get_value($instance)
480 unless exists $params{$init_arg};
483 $attr->set_value($instance, $attr->get_value($instance));
488 foreach my $attr ($self->compute_all_applicable_attributes) {
489 $attr->initialize_instance_slot($meta_instance, $instance, \%params);
499 my $var_spec = { sigil => '@', type => 'ARRAY', name => 'ISA' };
502 @{$self->get_package_symbol($var_spec)} = @supers;
504 # we need to check the metaclass
505 # compatibility here so that we can
506 # be sure that the superclass is
507 # not potentially creating an issues
508 # we don't know about
510 $self->check_metaclass_compatibility();
511 $self->update_meta_instance_dependencies();
513 @{$self->get_package_symbol($var_spec)};
519 my $super_class = $self->name;
521 if ( Class::MOP::HAVE_ISAREV() ) {
522 return @{ $super_class->mro::get_isarev() };
526 my $find_derived_classes;
527 $find_derived_classes = sub {
528 my ($outer_class) = @_;
530 my $symbol_table_hashref = do { no strict 'refs'; \%{"${outer_class}::"} };
533 for my $symbol ( keys %$symbol_table_hashref ) {
534 next SYMBOL if $symbol !~ /\A (\w+):: \z/x;
535 my $inner_class = $1;
537 next SYMBOL if $inner_class eq 'SUPER'; # skip '*::SUPER'
541 ? "${outer_class}::$inner_class"
544 if ( $class->isa($super_class) and $class ne $super_class ) {
545 push @derived_classes, $class;
548 next SYMBOL if $class eq 'main'; # skip 'main::*'
550 $find_derived_classes->($class);
554 my $root_class = q{};
555 $find_derived_classes->($root_class);
557 undef $find_derived_classes;
559 @derived_classes = sort { $a->isa($b) ? 1 : $b->isa($a) ? -1 : 0 } @derived_classes;
561 return @derived_classes;
567 return @{ mro::get_linear_isa( (shift)->name ) };
570 sub class_precedence_list {
572 my $name = $self->name;
574 unless (Class::MOP::IS_RUNNING_ON_5_10()) {
576 # We need to check for circular inheritance here
577 # if we are are not on 5.10, cause 5.8 detects it
578 # late. This will do nothing if all is well, and
579 # blow up otherwise. Yes, it's an ugly hack, better
580 # suggestions are welcome.
582 ($name || return)->isa('This is a test for circular inheritance')
585 # if our mro is c3, we can
586 # just grab the linear_isa
587 if (mro::get_mro($name) eq 'c3') {
588 return @{ mro::get_linear_isa($name) }
592 # we can't grab the linear_isa for dfs
593 # since it has all the duplicates
598 $self->initialize($_)->class_precedence_list()
599 } $self->superclasses()
606 sub wrap_method_body {
607 my ( $self, %args ) = @_;
609 ('CODE' eq ref $args{body})
610 || confess "Your code block must be a CODE reference";
612 $self->method_metaclass->wrap(
613 package_name => $self->name,
619 my ($self, $method_name, $method) = @_;
620 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
621 || confess "You must define a method name";
624 if (blessed($method)) {
625 $body = $method->body;
626 if ($method->package_name ne $self->name) {
627 $method = $method->clone(
628 package_name => $self->name,
630 ) if $method->can('clone');
635 $method = $self->wrap_method_body( body => $body, name => $method_name );
638 $method->attach_to_class($self);
640 $self->get_method_map->{$method_name} = $method;
642 my $full_method_name = ($self->name . '::' . $method_name);
643 $self->add_package_symbol(
644 { sigil => '&', type => 'CODE', name => $method_name },
645 Class::MOP::subname($full_method_name => $body)
648 $self->update_package_cache_flag; # still valid, since we just added the method to the map, and if it was invalid before that then get_method_map updated it
652 my $fetch_and_prepare_method = sub {
653 my ($self, $method_name) = @_;
655 my $method = $self->get_method($method_name);
656 # if we dont have local ...
658 # try to find the next method
659 $method = $self->find_next_method_by_name($method_name);
660 # die if it does not exist
662 || confess "The method '$method_name' is not found in the inheritance hierarchy for class " . $self->name;
663 # and now make sure to wrap it
664 # even if it is already wrapped
665 # because we need a new sub ref
666 $method = Class::MOP::Method::Wrapped->wrap($method);
669 # now make sure we wrap it properly
670 $method = Class::MOP::Method::Wrapped->wrap($method)
671 unless $method->isa('Class::MOP::Method::Wrapped');
673 $self->add_method($method_name => $method);
677 sub add_before_method_modifier {
678 my ($self, $method_name, $method_modifier) = @_;
679 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
680 || confess "You must pass in a method name";
681 my $method = $fetch_and_prepare_method->($self, $method_name);
682 $method->add_before_modifier(
683 Class::MOP::subname(':before' => $method_modifier)
687 sub add_after_method_modifier {
688 my ($self, $method_name, $method_modifier) = @_;
689 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
690 || confess "You must pass in a method name";
691 my $method = $fetch_and_prepare_method->($self, $method_name);
692 $method->add_after_modifier(
693 Class::MOP::subname(':after' => $method_modifier)
697 sub add_around_method_modifier {
698 my ($self, $method_name, $method_modifier) = @_;
699 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
700 || confess "You must pass in a method name";
701 my $method = $fetch_and_prepare_method->($self, $method_name);
702 $method->add_around_modifier(
703 Class::MOP::subname(':around' => $method_modifier)
708 # the methods above used to be named like this:
709 # ${pkg}::${method}:(before|after|around)
710 # but this proved problematic when using one modifier
711 # to wrap multiple methods (something which is likely
712 # to happen pretty regularly IMO). So instead of naming
713 # it like this, I have chosen to just name them purely
714 # with their modifier names, like so:
715 # :(before|after|around)
716 # The fact is that in a stack trace, it will be fairly
717 # evident from the context what method they are attached
718 # to, and so don't need the fully qualified name.
724 $self->add_method(@_);
728 my ($self, $method_name) = @_;
729 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
730 || confess "You must define a method name";
732 exists $self->get_method_map->{$method_name};
736 my ($self, $method_name) = @_;
737 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
738 || confess "You must define a method name";
741 # I don't really need this here, because
742 # if the method_map is missing a key it
743 # will just return undef for me now
744 # return unless $self->has_method($method_name);
746 return $self->get_method_map->{$method_name};
750 my ($self, $method_name) = @_;
751 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
752 || confess "You must define a method name";
754 my $removed_method = delete $self->get_method_map->{$method_name};
756 $self->remove_package_symbol(
757 { sigil => '&', type => 'CODE', name => $method_name }
760 $removed_method->detach_from_class if $removed_method;
762 $self->update_package_cache_flag; # still valid, since we just removed the method from the map
764 return $removed_method;
767 sub get_method_list {
769 keys %{$self->get_method_map};
772 sub find_method_by_name {
773 my ($self, $method_name) = @_;
774 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
775 || confess "You must define a method name to find";
776 foreach my $class ($self->linearized_isa) {
777 # fetch the meta-class ...
778 my $meta = $self->initialize($class);
779 return $meta->get_method($method_name)
780 if $meta->has_method($method_name);
785 sub get_all_methods {
787 my %methods = map { %{ $self->initialize($_)->get_method_map } } reverse $self->linearized_isa;
788 return values %methods;
792 sub compute_all_applicable_methods {
796 class => $_->package_name,
797 code => $_, # sigh, overloading
799 } shift->get_all_methods(@_);
802 sub find_all_methods_by_name {
803 my ($self, $method_name) = @_;
804 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
805 || confess "You must define a method name to find";
807 foreach my $class ($self->linearized_isa) {
808 # fetch the meta-class ...
809 my $meta = $self->initialize($class);
811 name => $method_name,
813 code => $meta->get_method($method_name)
814 } if $meta->has_method($method_name);
819 sub find_next_method_by_name {
820 my ($self, $method_name) = @_;
821 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
822 || confess "You must define a method name to find";
823 my @cpl = $self->linearized_isa;
824 shift @cpl; # discard ourselves
825 foreach my $class (@cpl) {
826 # fetch the meta-class ...
827 my $meta = $self->initialize($class);
828 return $meta->get_method($method_name)
829 if $meta->has_method($method_name);
838 # either we have an attribute object already
839 # or we need to create one from the args provided
840 my $attribute = blessed($_[0]) ? $_[0] : $self->attribute_metaclass->new(@_);
841 # make sure it is derived from the correct type though
842 ($attribute->isa('Class::MOP::Attribute'))
843 || confess "Your attribute must be an instance of Class::MOP::Attribute (or a subclass)";
845 # first we attach our new attribute
846 # because it might need certain information
847 # about the class which it is attached to
848 $attribute->attach_to_class($self);
850 # then we remove attributes of a conflicting
851 # name here so that we can properly detach
852 # the old attr object, and remove any
853 # accessors it would have generated
854 if ( $self->has_attribute($attribute->name) ) {
855 $self->remove_attribute($attribute->name);
857 $self->invalidate_meta_instances();
860 # then onto installing the new accessors
861 $self->get_attribute_map->{$attribute->name} = $attribute;
863 # invalidate package flag here
864 my $e = do { local $@; eval { $attribute->install_accessors() }; $@ };
866 $self->remove_attribute($attribute->name);
873 sub update_meta_instance_dependencies {
876 if ( $self->{meta_instance_dependencies} ) {
877 return $self->add_meta_instance_dependencies;
881 sub add_meta_instance_dependencies {
884 $self->remove_meta_instance_depdendencies;
886 my @attrs = $self->compute_all_applicable_attributes();
889 my @classes = grep { not $seen{$_->name}++ } map { $_->associated_class } @attrs;
891 foreach my $class ( @classes ) {
892 $class->add_dependent_meta_instance($self);
895 $self->{meta_instance_dependencies} = \@classes;
898 sub remove_meta_instance_depdendencies {
901 if ( my $classes = delete $self->{meta_instance_dependencies} ) {
902 foreach my $class ( @$classes ) {
903 $class->remove_dependent_meta_instance($self);
913 sub add_dependent_meta_instance {
914 my ( $self, $metaclass ) = @_;
915 push @{ $self->{dependent_meta_instances} }, $metaclass;
918 sub remove_dependent_meta_instance {
919 my ( $self, $metaclass ) = @_;
920 my $name = $metaclass->name;
921 @$_ = grep { $_->name ne $name } @$_ for $self->{dependent_meta_instances};
924 sub invalidate_meta_instances {
926 $_->invalidate_meta_instance() for $self, @{ $self->{dependent_meta_instances} };
929 sub invalidate_meta_instance {
931 undef $self->{_meta_instance};
935 my ($self, $attribute_name) = @_;
936 (defined $attribute_name && $attribute_name)
937 || confess "You must define an attribute name";
938 exists $self->get_attribute_map->{$attribute_name};
942 my ($self, $attribute_name) = @_;
943 (defined $attribute_name && $attribute_name)
944 || confess "You must define an attribute name";
945 return $self->get_attribute_map->{$attribute_name}
947 # this will return undef anyway, so no need ...
948 # if $self->has_attribute($attribute_name);
952 sub remove_attribute {
953 my ($self, $attribute_name) = @_;
954 (defined $attribute_name && $attribute_name)
955 || confess "You must define an attribute name";
956 my $removed_attribute = $self->get_attribute_map->{$attribute_name};
957 return unless defined $removed_attribute;
958 delete $self->get_attribute_map->{$attribute_name};
959 $self->invalidate_meta_instances();
960 $removed_attribute->remove_accessors();
961 $removed_attribute->detach_from_class();
962 return $removed_attribute;
965 sub get_attribute_list {
967 keys %{$self->get_attribute_map};
970 sub get_all_attributes {
971 shift->compute_all_applicable_attributes(@_);
974 sub compute_all_applicable_attributes {
976 my %attrs = map { %{ $self->initialize($_)->get_attribute_map } } reverse $self->linearized_isa;
977 return values %attrs;
980 sub find_attribute_by_name {
981 my ($self, $attr_name) = @_;
982 foreach my $class ($self->linearized_isa) {
983 # fetch the meta-class ...
984 my $meta = $self->initialize($class);
985 return $meta->get_attribute($attr_name)
986 if $meta->has_attribute($attr_name);
991 # check if we can reinitialize
995 # if any local attr is defined
996 return if $self->get_attribute_list;
998 # or any non-declared methods
999 if ( my @methods = values %{ $self->get_method_map } ) {
1000 my $metaclass = $self->method_metaclass;
1001 foreach my $method ( @methods ) {
1002 return if $method->isa("Class::MOP::Method::Generated");
1003 # FIXME do we need to enforce this too? return unless $method->isa($metaclass);
1012 sub is_mutable { 1 }
1013 sub is_immutable { 0 }
1016 # Why I changed this (groditi)
1017 # - One Metaclass may have many Classes through many Metaclass instances
1018 # - One Metaclass should only have one Immutable Transformer instance
1019 # - Each Class may have different Immutabilizing options
1020 # - Therefore each Metaclass instance may have different Immutabilizing options
1021 # - We need to store one Immutable Transformer instance per Metaclass
1022 # - We need to store one set of Immutable Transformer options per Class
1023 # - Upon make_mutable we may delete the Immutabilizing options
1024 # - We could clean the immutable Transformer instance when there is no more
1025 # immutable Classes of that type, but we can also keep it in case
1026 # another class with this same Metaclass becomes immutable. It is a case
1027 # of trading of storing an instance to avoid unnecessary instantiations of
1028 # Immutable Transformers. You may view this as a memory leak, however
1029 # Because we have few Metaclasses, in practice it seems acceptable
1030 # - To allow Immutable Transformers instances to be cleaned up we could weaken
1031 # the reference stored in $IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMERS{$class} and ||= should DWIM
1035 my %IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMERS;
1036 my %IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS;
1038 sub get_immutable_options {
1040 return if $self->is_mutable;
1041 confess "unable to find immutabilizing options"
1042 unless exists $IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS{$self->name};
1043 my %options = %{$IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS{$self->name}};
1044 delete $options{IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMER};
1048 sub get_immutable_transformer {
1050 if( $self->is_mutable ){
1051 my $class = ref $self || $self;
1052 return $IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMERS{$class} ||= $self->create_immutable_transformer;
1054 confess "unable to find transformer for immutable class"
1055 unless exists $IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS{$self->name};
1056 return $IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS{$self->name}->{IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMER};
1059 sub make_immutable {
1063 my $transformer = $self->get_immutable_transformer;
1064 $transformer->make_metaclass_immutable($self, \%options);
1065 $IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS{$self->name} =
1066 { %options, IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMER => $transformer };
1068 if( exists $options{debug} && $options{debug} ){
1069 print STDERR "# of Metaclass options: ", keys %IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS;
1070 print STDERR "# of Immutable transformers: ", keys %IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMERS;
1078 return if $self->is_mutable;
1079 my $options = delete $IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS{$self->name};
1080 confess "unable to find immutabilizing options" unless ref $options;
1081 my $transformer = delete $options->{IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMER};
1082 $transformer->make_metaclass_mutable($self, $options);
1087 sub create_immutable_transformer {
1089 my $class = Class::MOP::Immutable->new($self, {
1090 read_only => [qw/superclasses/],
1097 remove_package_symbol
1100 class_precedence_list => 'ARRAY',
1101 linearized_isa => 'ARRAY', # FIXME perl 5.10 memoizes this on its own, no need?
1102 get_all_methods => 'ARRAY',
1103 #get_all_attributes => 'ARRAY', # it's an alias, no need, but maybe in the future
1104 compute_all_applicable_attributes => 'ARRAY',
1105 get_meta_instance => 'SCALAR',
1106 get_method_map => 'SCALAR',
1109 # this is ugly, but so are typeglobs,
1110 # so whattayahgonnadoboutit
1113 add_package_symbol => sub {
1114 my $original = shift;
1115 confess "Cannot add package symbols to an immutable metaclass"
1116 unless (caller(2))[3] eq 'Class::MOP::Package::get_package_symbol';
1118 # This is a workaround for a bug in 5.8.1 which thinks that
1119 # goto $original->body
1120 # is trying to go to a label
1121 my $body = $original->body;
1137 Class::MOP::Class - Class Meta Object
1141 # assuming that class Foo
1142 # has been defined, you can
1144 # use this for introspection ...
1146 # add a method to Foo ...
1147 Foo->meta->add_method('bar' => sub { ... })
1149 # get a list of all the classes searched
1150 # the method dispatcher in the correct order
1151 Foo->meta->class_precedence_list()
1153 # remove a method from Foo
1154 Foo->meta->remove_method('bar');
1156 # or use this to actually create classes ...
1158 Class::MOP::Class->create('Bar' => (
1160 superclasses => [ 'Foo' ],
1162 Class::MOP:::Attribute->new('$bar'),
1163 Class::MOP:::Attribute->new('$baz'),
1166 calculate_bar => sub { ... },
1167 construct_baz => sub { ... }
1173 This is the largest and currently most complex part of the Perl 5
1174 meta-object protocol. It controls the introspection and
1175 manipulation of Perl 5 classes (and it can create them too). The
1176 best way to understand what this module can do, is to read the
1177 documentation for each of it's methods.
1181 =head2 Self Introspection
1187 This will return a B<Class::MOP::Class> instance which is related
1188 to this class. Thereby allowing B<Class::MOP::Class> to actually
1191 As with B<Class::MOP::Attribute>, B<Class::MOP> will actually
1192 bootstrap this module by installing a number of attribute meta-objects
1193 into it's metaclass. This will allow this class to reap all the benifits
1194 of the MOP when subclassing it.
1198 =head2 Class construction
1200 These methods will handle creating B<Class::MOP::Class> objects,
1201 which can be used to both create new classes, and analyze
1202 pre-existing classes.
1204 This module will internally store references to all the instances
1205 you create with these methods, so that they do not need to be
1206 created any more than nessecary. Basically, they are singletons.
1210 =item B<create ($package_name,
1211 version =E<gt> ?$version,
1212 authority =E<gt> ?$authority,
1213 superclasses =E<gt> ?@superclasses,
1214 methods =E<gt> ?%methods,
1215 attributes =E<gt> ?%attributes)>
1217 This returns a B<Class::MOP::Class> object, bringing the specified
1218 C<$package_name> into existence and adding any of the C<$version>,
1219 C<$authority>, C<@superclasses>, C<%methods> and C<%attributes> to
1222 =item B<create_anon_class (superclasses =E<gt> ?@superclasses,
1223 methods =E<gt> ?%methods,
1224 attributes =E<gt> ?%attributes)>
1226 This will create an anonymous class, it works much like C<create> but
1227 it does not need a C<$package_name>. Instead it will create a suitably
1228 unique package name for you to stash things into.
1230 On very important distinction is that anon classes are destroyed once
1231 the metaclass they are attached to goes out of scope. In the DESTROY
1232 method, the created package will be removed from the symbol table.
1234 It is also worth noting that any instances created with an anon-class
1235 will keep a special reference to the anon-meta which will prevent the
1236 anon-class from going out of scope until all instances of it have also
1237 been destroyed. This however only works for HASH based instance types,
1238 as we use a special reserved slot (C<__MOP__>) to store this.
1240 =item B<initialize ($package_name, %options)>
1242 This initializes and returns returns a B<Class::MOP::Class> object
1243 for a given a C<$package_name>.
1245 =item B<construct_class_instance (%options)>
1247 This will construct an instance of B<Class::MOP::Class>, it is
1248 here so that we can actually "tie the knot" for B<Class::MOP::Class>
1249 to use C<construct_instance> once all the bootstrapping is done. This
1250 method is used internally by C<initialize> and should never be called
1251 from outside of that method really.
1253 =item B<check_metaclass_compatibility>
1255 This method is called as the very last thing in the
1256 C<construct_class_instance> method. This will check that the
1257 metaclass you are creating is compatible with the metaclasses of all
1258 your ancestors. For more inforamtion about metaclass compatibility
1259 see the C<About Metaclass compatibility> section in L<Class::MOP>.
1261 =item B<update_package_cache_flag>
1263 This will reset the package cache flag for this particular metaclass
1264 it is basically the value of the C<Class::MOP::get_package_cache_flag>
1265 function. This is very rarely needed from outside of C<Class::MOP::Class>
1266 but in some cases you might want to use it, so it is here.
1268 =item B<reset_package_cache_flag>
1270 Clears the package cache flag to announce to the internals that we need
1271 to rebuild the method map.
1273 =item B<add_meta_instance_dependencies>
1275 Registers this class as dependent on its superclasses.
1277 Only superclasses from which this class inherits attributes will be added.
1279 =item B<remove_meta_instance_depdendencies>
1281 Unregisters this class from its superclasses.
1283 =item B<update_meta_instance_dependencies>
1285 Reregisters if necessary.
1287 =item B<add_dependent_meta_instance> $metaclass
1289 Registers the class as having a meta instance dependent on this class.
1291 =item B<remove_dependent_meta_instance> $metaclass
1293 Remove the class from the list of dependent classes.
1295 =item B<invalidate_meta_instances>
1297 Clears the cached meta instance for this metaclass and all of the registered
1298 classes with dependent meta instances.
1300 Called by C<add_attribute> and C<remove_attribute> to recalculate the attribute
1303 =item B<invalidate_meta_instance>
1305 Used by C<invalidate_meta_instances>.
1309 =head2 Object instance construction and cloning
1311 These methods are B<entirely optional>, it is up to you whether you want
1316 =item B<instance_metaclass>
1318 Returns the class name of the instance metaclass, see L<Class::MOP::Instance>
1319 for more information on the instance metaclasses.
1321 =item B<get_meta_instance>
1323 Returns an instance of L<Class::MOP::Instance> to be used in the construction
1324 of a new instance of the class.
1326 =item B<create_meta_instance>
1328 Called by C<get_meta_instance> if necessary.
1330 =item B<new_object (%params)>
1332 This is a convience method for creating a new object of the class, and
1333 blessing it into the appropriate package as well. Ideally your class
1334 would call a C<new> this method like so:
1337 my ($class, %param) = @_;
1338 $class->meta->new_object(%params);
1341 =item B<construct_instance (%params)>
1343 This method is used to construct an instance structure suitable for
1344 C<bless>-ing into your package of choice. It works in conjunction
1345 with the Attribute protocol to collect all applicable attributes.
1347 This will construct and instance using a HASH ref as storage
1348 (currently only HASH references are supported). This will collect all
1349 the applicable attributes and layout out the fields in the HASH ref,
1350 it will then initialize them using either use the corresponding key
1351 in C<%params> or any default value or initializer found in the
1352 attribute meta-object.
1354 =item B<clone_object ($instance, %params)>
1356 This is a convience method for cloning an object instance, then
1357 blessing it into the appropriate package. This method will call
1358 C<clone_instance>, which performs a shallow copy of the object,
1359 see that methods documentation for more details. Ideally your
1360 class would call a C<clone> this method like so:
1362 sub MyClass::clone {
1363 my ($self, %param) = @_;
1364 $self->meta->clone_object($self, %params);
1367 =item B<clone_instance($instance, %params)>
1369 This method is a compliment of C<construct_instance> (which means if
1370 you override C<construct_instance>, you need to override this one too),
1371 and clones the instance shallowly.
1373 The cloned structure returned is (like with C<construct_instance>) an
1374 unC<bless>ed HASH reference, it is your responsibility to then bless
1375 this cloned structure into the right class (which C<clone_object> will
1378 As of 0.11, this method will clone the C<$instance> structure shallowly,
1379 as opposed to the deep cloning implemented in prior versions. After much
1380 thought, research and discussion, I have decided that anything but basic
1381 shallow cloning is outside the scope of the meta-object protocol. I
1382 think Yuval "nothingmuch" Kogman put it best when he said that cloning
1383 is too I<context-specific> to be part of the MOP.
1385 =item B<rebless_instance($instance, ?%params)>
1387 This will change the class of C<$instance> to the class of the invoking
1388 C<Class::MOP::Class>. You may only rebless the instance to a subclass of
1389 itself. You may pass in optional C<%params> which are like constructor
1390 params and will override anything already defined in the instance.
1394 =head2 Informational
1396 These are a few predicate methods for asking information about the class.
1400 =item B<is_anon_class>
1402 This returns true if the class is a C<Class::MOP::Class> created anon class.
1406 This returns true if the class is still mutable.
1408 =item B<is_immutable>
1410 This returns true if the class has been made immutable.
1412 =item B<is_pristine>
1414 Checks whether the class has any data that will be lost if C<reinitialize> is
1419 =head2 Inheritance Relationships
1423 =item B<superclasses (?@superclasses)>
1425 This is a read-write attribute which represents the superclass
1426 relationships of the class the B<Class::MOP::Class> instance is
1427 associated with. Basically, it can get and set the C<@ISA> for you.
1429 =item B<class_precedence_list>
1431 This computes the a list of all the class's ancestors in the same order
1432 in which method dispatch will be done. This is similair to what
1433 B<Class::ISA::super_path> does, but we don't remove duplicate names.
1435 =item B<linearized_isa>
1437 This returns a list based on C<class_precedence_list> but with all
1442 This returns a list of subclasses for this class.
1450 =item B<get_method_map>
1452 Returns a HASH ref of name to CODE reference mapping for this class.
1454 =item B<method_metaclass>
1456 Returns the class name of the method metaclass, see L<Class::MOP::Method>
1457 for more information on the method metaclasses.
1459 =item B<wrap_method_body(%attrs)>
1461 Wrap a code ref (C<$attrs{body>) with C<method_metaclass>.
1463 =item B<add_method ($method_name, $method, %attrs)>
1465 This will take a C<$method_name> and CODE reference or meta method
1466 objectand install it into the class's package.
1468 You are strongly encouraged to pass a meta method object instead of a
1469 code reference. If you do so, that object gets stored as part of the
1470 class's method map, providing more useful information about the method
1473 When you provide a method object, this method will clone that object
1474 if the object's package name does not match the class name. This lets
1475 us track the original source of any methods added from other classes
1476 (notably Moose roles).
1479 This does absolutely nothing special to C<$method>
1480 other than use B<Sub::Name> to make sure it is tagged with the
1481 correct name, and therefore show up correctly in stack traces and
1484 =item B<has_method ($method_name)>
1486 This just provides a simple way to check if the class implements
1487 a specific C<$method_name>. It will I<not> however, attempt to check
1488 if the class inherits the method (use C<UNIVERSAL::can> for that).
1490 This will correctly handle functions defined outside of the package
1491 that use a fully qualified name (C<sub Package::name { ... }>).
1493 This will correctly handle functions renamed with B<Sub::Name> and
1494 installed using the symbol tables. However, if you are naming the
1495 subroutine outside of the package scope, you must use the fully
1496 qualified name, including the package name, for C<has_method> to
1497 correctly identify it.
1499 This will attempt to correctly ignore functions imported from other
1500 packages using B<Exporter>. It breaks down if the function imported
1501 is an C<__ANON__> sub (such as with C<use constant>), which very well
1502 may be a valid method being applied to the class.
1504 In short, this method cannot always be trusted to determine if the
1505 C<$method_name> is actually a method. However, it will DWIM about
1506 90% of the time, so it's a small trade off I think.
1508 =item B<get_method ($method_name)>
1510 This will return a Class::MOP::Method instance related to the specified
1511 C<$method_name>, or return undef if that method does not exist.
1513 The Class::MOP::Method is codifiable, so you can use it like a normal
1514 CODE reference, see L<Class::MOP::Method> for more information.
1516 =item B<find_method_by_name ($method_name)>
1518 This will return a CODE reference of the specified C<$method_name>,
1519 or return undef if that method does not exist.
1521 Unlike C<get_method> this will also look in the superclasses.
1523 =item B<remove_method ($method_name)>
1525 This will attempt to remove a given C<$method_name> from the class.
1526 It will return the CODE reference that it has removed, and will
1527 attempt to use B<Sub::Name> to clear the methods associated name.
1529 =item B<get_method_list>
1531 This will return a list of method names for all I<locally> defined
1532 methods. It does B<not> provide a list of all applicable methods,
1533 including any inherited ones. If you want a list of all applicable
1534 methods, use the C<compute_all_applicable_methods> method.
1536 =item B<get_all_methods>
1538 This will traverse the inheritance heirachy and return a list of all
1539 the applicable L<Class::MOP::Method> objects for this class.
1541 =item B<compute_all_applicable_methods>
1545 This method returns a list of hashes describing the all the methods of the
1548 Use L<get_all_methods>, which is easier/better/faster. This method predates
1549 L<Class::MOP::Method>.
1551 =item B<find_all_methods_by_name ($method_name)>
1553 This will traverse the inheritence hierarchy and locate all methods
1554 with a given C<$method_name>. Similar to
1555 C<compute_all_applicable_methods> it returns a list of HASH references
1556 with the following information; method name (which will always be the
1557 same as C<$method_name>), the name of the class in which the method
1558 lives and a CODE reference for the actual method.
1560 The list of methods produced is a distinct list, meaning there are no
1561 duplicates in it. This is especially useful for things like object
1562 initialization and destruction where you only want the method called
1563 once, and in the correct order.
1565 =item B<find_next_method_by_name ($method_name)>
1567 This will return the first method to match a given C<$method_name> in
1568 the superclasses, this is basically equivalent to calling
1569 C<SUPER::$method_name>, but it can be dispatched at runtime.
1571 =item B<alias_method ($method_name, $method)>
1573 B<NOTE>: This method is now deprecated. Just use C<add_method>
1578 =head2 Method Modifiers
1580 Method modifiers are a concept borrowed from CLOS, in which a method
1581 can be wrapped with I<before>, I<after> and I<around> method modifiers
1582 that will be called everytime the method is called.
1584 =head3 How method modifiers work?
1586 Method modifiers work by wrapping the original method and then replacing
1587 it in the classes symbol table. The wrappers will handle calling all the
1588 modifiers in the appropariate orders and preserving the calling context
1589 for the original method.
1591 Each method modifier serves a particular purpose, which may not be
1592 obvious to users of other method wrapping modules. To start with, the
1593 return values of I<before> and I<after> modifiers are ignored. This is
1594 because thier purpose is B<not> to filter the input and output of the
1595 primary method (this is done with an I<around> modifier). This may seem
1596 like an odd restriction to some, but doing this allows for simple code
1597 to be added at the begining or end of a method call without jeapordizing
1598 the normal functioning of the primary method or placing any extra
1599 responsibility on the code of the modifier. Of course if you have more
1600 complex needs, then use the I<around> modifier, which uses a variation
1601 of continutation passing style to allow for a high degree of flexibility.
1603 Before and around modifiers are called in last-defined-first-called order,
1604 while after modifiers are called in first-defined-first-called order. So
1605 the call tree might looks something like this:
1615 To see examples of using method modifiers, see the following examples
1616 included in the distribution; F<InstanceCountingClass>, F<Perl6Attribute>,
1617 F<AttributesWithHistory> and F<C3MethodDispatchOrder>. There is also a
1618 classic CLOS usage example in the test F<017_add_method_modifier.t>.
1620 =head3 What is the performance impact?
1622 Of course there is a performance cost associated with method modifiers,
1623 but we have made every effort to make that cost be directly proportional
1624 to the amount of modifier features you utilize.
1626 The wrapping method does it's best to B<only> do as much work as it
1627 absolutely needs to. In order to do this we have moved some of the
1628 performance costs to set-up time, where they are easier to amortize.
1630 All this said, my benchmarks have indicated the following:
1632 simple wrapper with no modifiers 100% slower
1633 simple wrapper with simple before modifier 400% slower
1634 simple wrapper with simple after modifier 450% slower
1635 simple wrapper with simple around modifier 500-550% slower
1636 simple wrapper with all 3 modifiers 1100% slower
1638 These numbers may seem daunting, but you must remember, every feature
1639 comes with some cost. To put things in perspective, just doing a simple
1640 C<AUTOLOAD> which does nothing but extract the name of the method called
1641 and return it costs about 400% over a normal method call.
1645 =item B<add_before_method_modifier ($method_name, $code)>
1647 This will wrap the method at C<$method_name> and the supplied C<$code>
1648 will be passed the C<@_> arguments, and called before the original
1649 method is called. As specified above, the return value of the I<before>
1650 method modifiers is ignored, and it's ability to modify C<@_> is
1651 fairly limited. If you need to do either of these things, use an
1652 C<around> method modifier.
1654 =item B<add_after_method_modifier ($method_name, $code)>
1656 This will wrap the method at C<$method_name> so that the original
1657 method will be called, it's return values stashed, and then the
1658 supplied C<$code> will be passed the C<@_> arguments, and called.
1659 As specified above, the return value of the I<after> method
1660 modifiers is ignored, and it cannot modify the return values of
1661 the original method. If you need to do either of these things, use an
1662 C<around> method modifier.
1664 =item B<add_around_method_modifier ($method_name, $code)>
1666 This will wrap the method at C<$method_name> so that C<$code>
1667 will be called and passed the original method as an extra argument
1668 at the begining of the C<@_> argument list. This is a variation of
1669 continuation passing style, where the function prepended to C<@_>
1670 can be considered a continuation. It is up to C<$code> if it calls
1671 the original method or not, there is no restriction on what the
1672 C<$code> can or cannot do.
1678 It should be noted that since there is no one consistent way to define
1679 the attributes of a class in Perl 5. These methods can only work with
1680 the information given, and can not easily discover information on
1681 their own. See L<Class::MOP::Attribute> for more details.
1685 =item B<attribute_metaclass>
1687 Returns the class name of the attribute metaclass, see L<Class::MOP::Attribute>
1688 for more information on the attribute metaclasses.
1690 =item B<get_attribute_map>
1692 This returns a HASH ref of name to attribute meta-object mapping.
1694 =item B<add_attribute ($attribute_meta_object | ($attribute_name, %attribute_spec))>
1696 This stores the C<$attribute_meta_object> (or creates one from the
1697 C<$attribute_name> and C<%attribute_spec>) in the B<Class::MOP::Class>
1698 instance associated with the given class. Unlike methods, attributes
1699 within the MOP are stored as meta-information only. They will be used
1700 later to construct instances from (see C<construct_instance> above).
1701 More details about the attribute meta-objects can be found in the
1702 L<Class::MOP::Attribute> or the L<Class::MOP/The Attribute protocol>
1705 It should be noted that any accessor, reader/writer or predicate
1706 methods which the C<$attribute_meta_object> has will be installed
1707 into the class at this time.
1710 If an attribute already exists for C<$attribute_name>, the old one
1711 will be removed (as well as removing all it's accessors), and then
1714 =item B<has_attribute ($attribute_name)>
1716 Checks to see if this class has an attribute by the name of
1717 C<$attribute_name> and returns a boolean.
1719 =item B<get_attribute ($attribute_name)>
1721 Returns the attribute meta-object associated with C<$attribute_name>,
1722 if none is found, it will return undef.
1724 =item B<remove_attribute ($attribute_name)>
1726 This will remove the attribute meta-object stored at
1727 C<$attribute_name>, then return the removed attribute meta-object.
1730 Removing an attribute will only affect future instances of
1731 the class, it will not make any attempt to remove the attribute from
1732 any existing instances of the class.
1734 It should be noted that any accessor, reader/writer or predicate
1735 methods which the attribute meta-object stored at C<$attribute_name>
1736 has will be removed from the class at this time. This B<will> make
1737 these attributes somewhat inaccessable in previously created
1738 instances. But if you are crazy enough to do this at runtime, then
1739 you are crazy enough to deal with something like this :).
1741 =item B<get_attribute_list>
1743 This returns a list of attribute names which are defined in the local
1744 class. If you want a list of all applicable attributes for a class,
1745 use the C<compute_all_applicable_attributes> method.
1747 =item B<compute_all_applicable_attributes>
1749 =item B<get_all_attributes>
1751 This will traverse the inheritance heirachy and return a list of all
1752 the applicable L<Class::MOP::Attribute> objects for this class.
1754 C<get_all_attributes> is an alias for consistency with C<get_all_methods>.
1756 =item B<find_attribute_by_name ($attr_name)>
1758 This method will traverse the inheritance heirachy and find the
1759 first attribute whose name matches C<$attr_name>, then return it.
1760 It will return undef if nothing is found.
1764 =head2 Class Immutability
1768 =item B<make_immutable (%options)>
1770 This method will invoke a tranforamtion upon the class which will
1771 make it immutable. Details of this transformation can be found in
1772 the L<Class::MOP::Immutable> documentation.
1774 =item B<make_mutable>
1776 This method will reverse tranforamtion upon the class which
1779 =item B<get_immutable_transformer>
1781 Return a transformer suitable for making this class immutable or, if this
1782 class is immutable, the transformer used to make it immutable.
1784 =item B<get_immutable_options>
1786 If the class is immutable, return the options used to make it immutable.
1788 =item B<create_immutable_transformer>
1790 Create a transformer suitable for making this class immutable
1796 Stevan Little E<lt>stevan@iinteractive.comE<gt>
1798 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
1800 Copyright 2006-2008 by Infinity Interactive, Inc.
1802 L<http://www.iinteractive.com>
1804 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
1805 it under the same terms as Perl itself.