2 package Class::MOP::Class;
7 use Class::MOP::Immutable;
8 use Class::MOP::Instance;
9 use Class::MOP::Method::Wrapped;
12 use Scalar::Util 'blessed', 'weaken';
14 our $VERSION = '0.71_02';
15 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
16 our $AUTHORITY = 'cpan:STEVAN';
18 use base 'Class::MOP::Module';
28 $package_name = shift;
31 $package_name = $options{package};
34 (defined $package_name && $package_name && !ref($package_name))
35 || confess "You must pass a package name and it cannot be blessed";
37 return Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($package_name)
38 || $class->construct_class_instance(package => $package_name, @_);
41 # NOTE: (meta-circularity)
42 # this is a special form of &construct_instance
43 # (see below), which is used to construct class
44 # meta-object instances for any Class::MOP::*
45 # class. All other classes will use the more
46 # normal &construct_instance.
47 sub construct_class_instance {
49 my $options = @_ == 1 ? $_[0] : {@_};
50 my $package_name = $options->{package};
51 (defined $package_name && $package_name)
52 || confess "You must pass a package name";
54 # return the metaclass if we have it cached,
55 # and it is still defined (it has not been
56 # reaped by DESTROY yet, which can happen
57 # annoyingly enough during global destruction)
59 if (defined(my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($package_name))) {
64 # we need to deal with the possibility
65 # of class immutability here, and then
66 # get the name of the class appropriately
68 ? ($class->is_immutable
69 ? $class->get_mutable_metaclass_name()
73 # now create the metaclass
75 if ($class eq 'Class::MOP::Class') {
77 $meta = $class->_new($options)
81 # it is safe to use meta here because
82 # class will always be a subclass of
83 # Class::MOP::Class, which defines meta
84 $meta = $class->meta->construct_instance($options)
87 # and check the metaclass compatibility
88 $meta->check_metaclass_compatibility();
90 Class::MOP::store_metaclass_by_name($package_name, $meta);
93 # we need to weaken any anon classes
94 # so that they can call DESTROY properly
95 Class::MOP::weaken_metaclass($package_name) if $meta->is_anon_class;
102 my $options = @_ == 1 ? $_[0] : {@_};
105 # inherited from Class::MOP::Package
106 'package' => $options->{package},
109 # since the following attributes will
110 # actually be loaded from the symbol
111 # table, and actually bypass the instance
112 # entirely, we can just leave these things
113 # listed here for reference, because they
114 # should not actually have a value associated
116 'namespace' => \undef,
117 # inherited from Class::MOP::Module
119 'authority' => \undef,
120 # defined in Class::MOP::Class
121 'superclasses' => \undef,
125 'attribute_metaclass' => $options->{'attribute_metaclass'} || 'Class::MOP::Attribute',
126 'method_metaclass' => $options->{'method_metaclass'} || 'Class::MOP::Method',
127 'instance_metaclass' => $options->{'instance_metaclass'} || 'Class::MOP::Instance',
131 sub reset_package_cache_flag { (shift)->{'_package_cache_flag'} = undef }
132 sub update_package_cache_flag {
135 # we can manually update the cache number
136 # since we are actually adding the method
137 # to our cache as well. This avoids us
138 # having to regenerate the method_map.
140 $self->{'_package_cache_flag'} = Class::MOP::check_package_cache_flag($self->name);
143 sub check_metaclass_compatibility {
146 # this is always okay ...
147 return if ref($self) eq 'Class::MOP::Class' &&
148 $self->instance_metaclass eq 'Class::MOP::Instance';
150 my @class_list = $self->linearized_isa;
151 shift @class_list; # shift off $self->name
153 foreach my $class_name (@class_list) {
154 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class_name) || next;
157 # we need to deal with the possibility
158 # of class immutability here, and then
159 # get the name of the class appropriately
160 my $meta_type = ($meta->is_immutable
161 ? $meta->get_mutable_metaclass_name()
164 ($self->isa($meta_type))
165 || confess $self->name . "->meta => (" . (ref($self)) . ")" .
166 " is not compatible with the " .
167 $class_name . "->meta => (" . ($meta_type) . ")";
169 # we also need to check that instance metaclasses
170 # are compatibile in the same the class.
171 ($self->instance_metaclass->isa($meta->instance_metaclass))
172 || confess $self->name . "->meta->instance_metaclass => (" . ($self->instance_metaclass) . ")" .
173 " is not compatible with the " .
174 $class_name . "->meta->instance_metaclass => (" . ($meta->instance_metaclass) . ")";
178 # backwards compat for stevan's inability to spell ;)
179 sub check_metaclass_compatability {
181 $self->check_metaclass_compatibility(@_);
188 # this should be sufficient, if you have a
189 # use case where it is not, write a test and
191 my $ANON_CLASS_SERIAL = 0;
194 # we need a sufficiently annoying prefix
195 # this should suffice for now, this is
196 # used in a couple of places below, so
197 # need to put it up here for now.
198 my $ANON_CLASS_PREFIX = 'Class::MOP::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::';
202 no warnings 'uninitialized';
203 $self->name =~ /^$ANON_CLASS_PREFIX/;
206 sub create_anon_class {
207 my ($class, %options) = @_;
208 my $package_name = $ANON_CLASS_PREFIX . ++$ANON_CLASS_SERIAL;
209 return $class->create($package_name, %options);
213 # this will only get called for
214 # anon-classes, all other calls
215 # are assumed to occur during
216 # global destruction and so don't
217 # really need to be handled explicitly
221 return if Class::MOP::in_global_destruction(); # it'll happen soon anyway and this just makes things more complicated
223 no warnings 'uninitialized';
224 return unless $self->name =~ /^$ANON_CLASS_PREFIX/;
225 # Moose does a weird thing where it replaces the metaclass for
226 # class when fixing metaclass incompatibility. In that case,
227 # we don't want to clean out the namespace now. We can detect
228 # that because Moose will explicitly update the singleton
229 # cache in Class::MOP.
230 my $current_meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($self->name);
231 return if $current_meta ne $self;
233 my ($serial_id) = ($self->name =~ /^$ANON_CLASS_PREFIX(\d+)/);
235 foreach my $key (keys %{$ANON_CLASS_PREFIX . $serial_id}) {
236 delete ${$ANON_CLASS_PREFIX . $serial_id}{$key};
238 delete ${'main::' . $ANON_CLASS_PREFIX}{$serial_id . '::'};
243 # creating classes with MOP ...
246 my ( $class, @args ) = @_;
248 unshift @args, 'package' if @args % 2 == 1;
250 my (%options) = @args;
251 my $package_name = $options{package};
253 (ref $options{superclasses} eq 'ARRAY')
254 || confess "You must pass an ARRAY ref of superclasses"
255 if exists $options{superclasses};
257 (ref $options{attributes} eq 'ARRAY')
258 || confess "You must pass an ARRAY ref of attributes"
259 if exists $options{attributes};
261 (ref $options{methods} eq 'HASH')
262 || confess "You must pass a HASH ref of methods"
263 if exists $options{methods};
265 $class->SUPER::create(%options);
267 my (%initialize_options) = @args;
268 delete @initialize_options{qw(
276 my $meta = $class->initialize( $package_name => %initialize_options );
279 $meta->add_method('meta' => sub {
280 $class->initialize(ref($_[0]) || $_[0]);
283 $meta->superclasses(@{$options{superclasses}})
284 if exists $options{superclasses};
286 # process attributes first, so that they can
287 # install accessors, but locally defined methods
288 # can then overwrite them. It is maybe a little odd, but
289 # I think this should be the order of things.
290 if (exists $options{attributes}) {
291 foreach my $attr (@{$options{attributes}}) {
292 $meta->add_attribute($attr);
295 if (exists $options{methods}) {
296 foreach my $method_name (keys %{$options{methods}}) {
297 $meta->add_method($method_name, $options{methods}->{$method_name});
306 # all these attribute readers will be bootstrapped
307 # away in the Class::MOP bootstrap section
309 sub get_attribute_map { $_[0]->{'attributes'} }
310 sub attribute_metaclass { $_[0]->{'attribute_metaclass'} }
311 sub method_metaclass { $_[0]->{'method_metaclass'} }
312 sub instance_metaclass { $_[0]->{'instance_metaclass'} }
317 my $class_name = $self->name;
319 my $current = Class::MOP::check_package_cache_flag($class_name);
321 if (defined $self->{'_package_cache_flag'} && $self->{'_package_cache_flag'} == $current) {
322 return $self->{'methods'} ||= {};
325 $self->{_package_cache_flag} = $current;
327 my $map = $self->{'methods'} ||= {};
329 my $method_metaclass = $self->method_metaclass;
331 my $all_code = $self->get_all_package_symbols('CODE');
333 foreach my $symbol (keys %{ $all_code }) {
334 my $code = $all_code->{$symbol};
336 next if exists $map->{$symbol} &&
337 defined $map->{$symbol} &&
338 $map->{$symbol}->body == $code;
340 my ($pkg, $name) = Class::MOP::get_code_info($code);
343 # in 5.10 constant.pm the constants show up
344 # as being in the right package, but in pre-5.10
345 # they show up as constant::__ANON__ so we
346 # make an exception here to be sure that things
347 # work as expected in both.
349 unless ($pkg eq 'constant' && $name eq '__ANON__') {
350 next if ($pkg || '') ne $class_name ||
351 (($name || '') ne '__ANON__' && ($pkg || '') ne $class_name);
354 $map->{$symbol} = $method_metaclass->wrap(
356 associated_metaclass => $self,
357 package_name => $class_name,
365 # Instance Construction & Cloning
371 # we need to protect the integrity of the
372 # Class::MOP::Class singletons here, so we
373 # delegate this to &construct_class_instance
374 # which will deal with the singletons
375 return $class->construct_class_instance(@_)
376 if $class->name->isa('Class::MOP::Class');
377 return $class->construct_instance(@_);
380 sub construct_instance {
382 my $params = @_ == 1 ? $_[0] : {@_};
383 my $meta_instance = $class->get_meta_instance();
384 my $instance = $meta_instance->create_instance();
385 foreach my $attr ($class->compute_all_applicable_attributes()) {
386 $attr->initialize_instance_slot($meta_instance, $instance, $params);
389 # this will only work for a HASH instance type
390 if ($class->is_anon_class) {
391 (Scalar::Util::reftype($instance) eq 'HASH')
392 || confess "Currently only HASH based instances are supported with instance of anon-classes";
394 # At some point we should make this official
395 # as a reserved slot name, but right now I am
396 # going to keep it here.
397 # my $RESERVED_MOP_SLOT = '__MOP__';
398 $instance->{'__MOP__'} = $class;
404 sub get_meta_instance {
406 $self->{'_meta_instance'} ||= $self->create_meta_instance();
409 sub create_meta_instance {
412 my $instance = $self->instance_metaclass->new(
413 associated_metaclass => $self,
414 attributes => [ $self->compute_all_applicable_attributes() ],
417 $self->add_meta_instance_dependencies()
418 if $instance->is_dependent_on_superclasses();
425 my $instance = shift;
426 (blessed($instance) && $instance->isa($class->name))
427 || confess "You must pass an instance of the metaclass (" . (ref $class ? $class->name : $class) . "), not ($instance)";
430 # we need to protect the integrity of the
431 # Class::MOP::Class singletons here, they
432 # should not be cloned.
433 return $instance if $instance->isa('Class::MOP::Class');
434 $class->clone_instance($instance, @_);
438 my ($class, $instance, %params) = @_;
440 || confess "You can only clone instances, ($instance) is not a blessed instance";
441 my $meta_instance = $class->get_meta_instance();
442 my $clone = $meta_instance->clone_instance($instance);
443 foreach my $attr ($class->compute_all_applicable_attributes()) {
444 if ( defined( my $init_arg = $attr->init_arg ) ) {
445 if (exists $params{$init_arg}) {
446 $attr->set_value($clone, $params{$init_arg});
453 sub rebless_instance {
454 my ($self, $instance, %params) = @_;
457 if ($instance->can('meta')) {
458 ($instance->meta->isa('Class::MOP::Class'))
459 || confess 'Cannot rebless instance if ->meta is not an instance of Class::MOP::Class';
460 $old_metaclass = $instance->meta;
463 $old_metaclass = $self->initialize(ref($instance));
466 my $meta_instance = $self->get_meta_instance();
468 $self->name->isa($old_metaclass->name)
469 || confess "You may rebless only into a subclass of (". $old_metaclass->name ."), of which (". $self->name .") isn't.";
472 $meta_instance->rebless_instance_structure($instance, $self);
474 foreach my $attr ( $self->compute_all_applicable_attributes ) {
475 if ( $attr->has_value($instance) ) {
476 if ( defined( my $init_arg = $attr->init_arg ) ) {
477 $params{$init_arg} = $attr->get_value($instance)
478 unless exists $params{$init_arg};
481 $attr->set_value($instance, $attr->get_value($instance));
486 foreach my $attr ($self->compute_all_applicable_attributes) {
487 $attr->initialize_instance_slot($meta_instance, $instance, \%params);
497 my $var_spec = { sigil => '@', type => 'ARRAY', name => 'ISA' };
500 @{$self->get_package_symbol($var_spec)} = @supers;
503 # on 5.8 and below, we need to call
504 # a method to get Perl to detect
505 # a cycle in the class hierarchy
506 my $class = $self->name;
510 # we need to check the metaclass
511 # compatibility here so that we can
512 # be sure that the superclass is
513 # not potentially creating an issues
514 # we don't know about
516 $self->check_metaclass_compatibility();
517 $self->update_meta_instance_dependencies();
519 @{$self->get_package_symbol($var_spec)};
525 my $super_class = $self->name;
527 if ( Class::MOP::HAVE_ISAREV() ) {
528 return @{ $super_class->mro::get_isarev() };
532 my $find_derived_classes;
533 $find_derived_classes = sub {
534 my ($outer_class) = @_;
536 my $symbol_table_hashref = do { no strict 'refs'; \%{"${outer_class}::"} };
539 for my $symbol ( keys %$symbol_table_hashref ) {
540 next SYMBOL if $symbol !~ /\A (\w+):: \z/x;
541 my $inner_class = $1;
543 next SYMBOL if $inner_class eq 'SUPER'; # skip '*::SUPER'
547 ? "${outer_class}::$inner_class"
550 if ( $class->isa($super_class) and $class ne $super_class ) {
551 push @derived_classes, $class;
554 next SYMBOL if $class eq 'main'; # skip 'main::*'
556 $find_derived_classes->($class);
560 my $root_class = q{};
561 $find_derived_classes->($root_class);
563 undef $find_derived_classes;
565 @derived_classes = sort { $a->isa($b) ? 1 : $b->isa($a) ? -1 : 0 } @derived_classes;
567 return @derived_classes;
573 return @{ mro::get_linear_isa( (shift)->name ) };
576 sub class_precedence_list {
578 my $name = $self->name;
580 unless (Class::MOP::IS_RUNNING_ON_5_10()) {
582 # We need to check for circular inheritance here
583 # if we are are not on 5.10, cause 5.8 detects it
584 # late. This will do nothing if all is well, and
585 # blow up otherwise. Yes, it's an ugly hack, better
586 # suggestions are welcome.
588 ($name || return)->isa('This is a test for circular inheritance')
591 # if our mro is c3, we can
592 # just grab the linear_isa
593 if (mro::get_mro($name) eq 'c3') {
594 return @{ mro::get_linear_isa($name) }
598 # we can't grab the linear_isa for dfs
599 # since it has all the duplicates
604 $self->initialize($_)->class_precedence_list()
605 } $self->superclasses()
612 sub wrap_method_body {
613 my ( $self, %args ) = @_;
615 ('CODE' eq ref $args{body})
616 || confess "Your code block must be a CODE reference";
618 $self->method_metaclass->wrap(
619 package_name => $self->name,
625 my ($self, $method_name, $method) = @_;
626 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
627 || confess "You must define a method name";
630 if (blessed($method)) {
631 $body = $method->body;
632 if ($method->package_name ne $self->name) {
633 $method = $method->clone(
634 package_name => $self->name,
636 ) if $method->can('clone');
641 $method = $self->wrap_method_body( body => $body, name => $method_name );
644 $method->attach_to_class($self);
646 # This used to call get_method_map, which meant we would build all
647 # the method objects for the class just because we added one
648 # method. This is hackier, but quicker too.
649 $self->{methods}{$method_name} = $method;
651 my $full_method_name = ($self->name . '::' . $method_name);
652 $self->add_package_symbol(
653 { sigil => '&', type => 'CODE', name => $method_name },
654 Class::MOP::subname($full_method_name => $body)
659 my $fetch_and_prepare_method = sub {
660 my ($self, $method_name) = @_;
662 my $method = $self->get_method($method_name);
663 # if we dont have local ...
665 # try to find the next method
666 $method = $self->find_next_method_by_name($method_name);
667 # die if it does not exist
669 || confess "The method '$method_name' is not found in the inheritance hierarchy for class " . $self->name;
670 # and now make sure to wrap it
671 # even if it is already wrapped
672 # because we need a new sub ref
673 $method = Class::MOP::Method::Wrapped->wrap($method);
676 # now make sure we wrap it properly
677 $method = Class::MOP::Method::Wrapped->wrap($method)
678 unless $method->isa('Class::MOP::Method::Wrapped');
680 $self->add_method($method_name => $method);
684 sub add_before_method_modifier {
685 my ($self, $method_name, $method_modifier) = @_;
686 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
687 || confess "You must pass in a method name";
688 my $method = $fetch_and_prepare_method->($self, $method_name);
689 $method->add_before_modifier(
690 Class::MOP::subname(':before' => $method_modifier)
694 sub add_after_method_modifier {
695 my ($self, $method_name, $method_modifier) = @_;
696 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
697 || confess "You must pass in a method name";
698 my $method = $fetch_and_prepare_method->($self, $method_name);
699 $method->add_after_modifier(
700 Class::MOP::subname(':after' => $method_modifier)
704 sub add_around_method_modifier {
705 my ($self, $method_name, $method_modifier) = @_;
706 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
707 || confess "You must pass in a method name";
708 my $method = $fetch_and_prepare_method->($self, $method_name);
709 $method->add_around_modifier(
710 Class::MOP::subname(':around' => $method_modifier)
715 # the methods above used to be named like this:
716 # ${pkg}::${method}:(before|after|around)
717 # but this proved problematic when using one modifier
718 # to wrap multiple methods (something which is likely
719 # to happen pretty regularly IMO). So instead of naming
720 # it like this, I have chosen to just name them purely
721 # with their modifier names, like so:
722 # :(before|after|around)
723 # The fact is that in a stack trace, it will be fairly
724 # evident from the context what method they are attached
725 # to, and so don't need the fully qualified name.
731 $self->add_method(@_);
735 my ($self, $method_name) = @_;
736 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
737 || confess "You must define a method name";
739 exists $self->{methods}{$method_name} || exists $self->get_method_map->{$method_name};
743 my ($self, $method_name) = @_;
744 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
745 || confess "You must define a method name";
748 # I don't really need this here, because
749 # if the method_map is missing a key it
750 # will just return undef for me now
751 # return unless $self->has_method($method_name);
753 return $self->{methods}{$method_name} || $self->get_method_map->{$method_name};
757 my ($self, $method_name) = @_;
758 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
759 || confess "You must define a method name";
761 my $removed_method = delete $self->get_method_map->{$method_name};
763 $self->remove_package_symbol(
764 { sigil => '&', type => 'CODE', name => $method_name }
767 $removed_method->detach_from_class if $removed_method;
769 $self->update_package_cache_flag; # still valid, since we just removed the method from the map
771 return $removed_method;
774 sub get_method_list {
776 keys %{$self->get_method_map};
779 sub find_method_by_name {
780 my ($self, $method_name) = @_;
781 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
782 || confess "You must define a method name to find";
783 foreach my $class ($self->linearized_isa) {
784 # fetch the meta-class ...
785 my $meta = $self->initialize($class);
786 return $meta->get_method($method_name)
787 if $meta->has_method($method_name);
792 sub get_all_methods {
794 my %methods = map { %{ $self->initialize($_)->get_method_map } } reverse $self->linearized_isa;
795 return values %methods;
799 sub compute_all_applicable_methods {
803 class => $_->package_name,
804 code => $_, # sigh, overloading
806 } shift->get_all_methods(@_);
809 sub find_all_methods_by_name {
810 my ($self, $method_name) = @_;
811 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
812 || confess "You must define a method name to find";
814 foreach my $class ($self->linearized_isa) {
815 # fetch the meta-class ...
816 my $meta = $self->initialize($class);
818 name => $method_name,
820 code => $meta->get_method($method_name)
821 } if $meta->has_method($method_name);
826 sub find_next_method_by_name {
827 my ($self, $method_name) = @_;
828 (defined $method_name && $method_name)
829 || confess "You must define a method name to find";
830 my @cpl = $self->linearized_isa;
831 shift @cpl; # discard ourselves
832 foreach my $class (@cpl) {
833 # fetch the meta-class ...
834 my $meta = $self->initialize($class);
835 return $meta->get_method($method_name)
836 if $meta->has_method($method_name);
845 # either we have an attribute object already
846 # or we need to create one from the args provided
847 my $attribute = blessed($_[0]) ? $_[0] : $self->attribute_metaclass->new(@_);
848 # make sure it is derived from the correct type though
849 ($attribute->isa('Class::MOP::Attribute'))
850 || confess "Your attribute must be an instance of Class::MOP::Attribute (or a subclass)";
852 # first we attach our new attribute
853 # because it might need certain information
854 # about the class which it is attached to
855 $attribute->attach_to_class($self);
857 # then we remove attributes of a conflicting
858 # name here so that we can properly detach
859 # the old attr object, and remove any
860 # accessors it would have generated
861 if ( $self->has_attribute($attribute->name) ) {
862 $self->remove_attribute($attribute->name);
864 $self->invalidate_meta_instances();
867 # then onto installing the new accessors
868 $self->get_attribute_map->{$attribute->name} = $attribute;
870 # invalidate package flag here
871 my $e = do { local $@; eval { $attribute->install_accessors() }; $@ };
873 $self->remove_attribute($attribute->name);
880 sub update_meta_instance_dependencies {
883 if ( $self->{meta_instance_dependencies} ) {
884 return $self->add_meta_instance_dependencies;
888 sub add_meta_instance_dependencies {
891 $self->remove_meta_instance_depdendencies;
893 my @attrs = $self->compute_all_applicable_attributes();
896 my @classes = grep { not $seen{$_->name}++ } map { $_->associated_class } @attrs;
898 foreach my $class ( @classes ) {
899 $class->add_dependent_meta_instance($self);
902 $self->{meta_instance_dependencies} = \@classes;
905 sub remove_meta_instance_depdendencies {
908 if ( my $classes = delete $self->{meta_instance_dependencies} ) {
909 foreach my $class ( @$classes ) {
910 $class->remove_dependent_meta_instance($self);
920 sub add_dependent_meta_instance {
921 my ( $self, $metaclass ) = @_;
922 push @{ $self->{dependent_meta_instances} }, $metaclass;
925 sub remove_dependent_meta_instance {
926 my ( $self, $metaclass ) = @_;
927 my $name = $metaclass->name;
928 @$_ = grep { $_->name ne $name } @$_ for $self->{dependent_meta_instances};
931 sub invalidate_meta_instances {
933 $_->invalidate_meta_instance() for $self, @{ $self->{dependent_meta_instances} };
936 sub invalidate_meta_instance {
938 undef $self->{_meta_instance};
942 my ($self, $attribute_name) = @_;
943 (defined $attribute_name && $attribute_name)
944 || confess "You must define an attribute name";
945 exists $self->get_attribute_map->{$attribute_name};
949 my ($self, $attribute_name) = @_;
950 (defined $attribute_name && $attribute_name)
951 || confess "You must define an attribute name";
952 return $self->get_attribute_map->{$attribute_name}
954 # this will return undef anyway, so no need ...
955 # if $self->has_attribute($attribute_name);
959 sub remove_attribute {
960 my ($self, $attribute_name) = @_;
961 (defined $attribute_name && $attribute_name)
962 || confess "You must define an attribute name";
963 my $removed_attribute = $self->get_attribute_map->{$attribute_name};
964 return unless defined $removed_attribute;
965 delete $self->get_attribute_map->{$attribute_name};
966 $self->invalidate_meta_instances();
967 $removed_attribute->remove_accessors();
968 $removed_attribute->detach_from_class();
969 return $removed_attribute;
972 sub get_attribute_list {
974 keys %{$self->get_attribute_map};
977 sub get_all_attributes {
978 shift->compute_all_applicable_attributes(@_);
981 sub compute_all_applicable_attributes {
983 my %attrs = map { %{ $self->initialize($_)->get_attribute_map } } reverse $self->linearized_isa;
984 return values %attrs;
987 sub find_attribute_by_name {
988 my ($self, $attr_name) = @_;
989 foreach my $class ($self->linearized_isa) {
990 # fetch the meta-class ...
991 my $meta = $self->initialize($class);
992 return $meta->get_attribute($attr_name)
993 if $meta->has_attribute($attr_name);
998 # check if we can reinitialize
1002 # if any local attr is defined
1003 return if $self->get_attribute_list;
1005 # or any non-declared methods
1006 if ( my @methods = values %{ $self->get_method_map } ) {
1007 my $metaclass = $self->method_metaclass;
1008 foreach my $method ( @methods ) {
1009 return if $method->isa("Class::MOP::Method::Generated");
1010 # FIXME do we need to enforce this too? return unless $method->isa($metaclass);
1019 sub is_mutable { 1 }
1020 sub is_immutable { 0 }
1023 # Why I changed this (groditi)
1024 # - One Metaclass may have many Classes through many Metaclass instances
1025 # - One Metaclass should only have one Immutable Transformer instance
1026 # - Each Class may have different Immutabilizing options
1027 # - Therefore each Metaclass instance may have different Immutabilizing options
1028 # - We need to store one Immutable Transformer instance per Metaclass
1029 # - We need to store one set of Immutable Transformer options per Class
1030 # - Upon make_mutable we may delete the Immutabilizing options
1031 # - We could clean the immutable Transformer instance when there is no more
1032 # immutable Classes of that type, but we can also keep it in case
1033 # another class with this same Metaclass becomes immutable. It is a case
1034 # of trading of storing an instance to avoid unnecessary instantiations of
1035 # Immutable Transformers. You may view this as a memory leak, however
1036 # Because we have few Metaclasses, in practice it seems acceptable
1037 # - To allow Immutable Transformers instances to be cleaned up we could weaken
1038 # the reference stored in $IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMERS{$class} and ||= should DWIM
1042 my %IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMERS;
1043 my %IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS;
1045 sub get_immutable_options {
1047 return if $self->is_mutable;
1048 confess "unable to find immutabilizing options"
1049 unless exists $IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS{$self->name};
1050 my %options = %{$IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS{$self->name}};
1051 delete $options{IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMER};
1055 sub get_immutable_transformer {
1057 if( $self->is_mutable ){
1058 my $class = ref $self || $self;
1059 return $IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMERS{$class} ||= $self->create_immutable_transformer;
1061 confess "unable to find transformer for immutable class"
1062 unless exists $IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS{$self->name};
1063 return $IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS{$self->name}->{IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMER};
1066 sub make_immutable {
1070 my $transformer = $self->get_immutable_transformer;
1071 $transformer->make_metaclass_immutable($self, \%options);
1072 $IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS{$self->name} =
1073 { %options, IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMER => $transformer };
1075 if( exists $options{debug} && $options{debug} ){
1076 print STDERR "# of Metaclass options: ", keys %IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS;
1077 print STDERR "# of Immutable transformers: ", keys %IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMERS;
1085 return if $self->is_mutable;
1086 my $options = delete $IMMUTABLE_OPTIONS{$self->name};
1087 confess "unable to find immutabilizing options" unless ref $options;
1088 my $transformer = delete $options->{IMMUTABLE_TRANSFORMER};
1089 $transformer->make_metaclass_mutable($self, $options);
1094 sub create_immutable_transformer {
1096 my $class = Class::MOP::Immutable->new($self, {
1097 read_only => [qw/superclasses/],
1104 remove_package_symbol
1107 class_precedence_list => 'ARRAY',
1108 linearized_isa => 'ARRAY', # FIXME perl 5.10 memoizes this on its own, no need?
1109 get_all_methods => 'ARRAY',
1110 #get_all_attributes => 'ARRAY', # it's an alias, no need, but maybe in the future
1111 compute_all_applicable_attributes => 'ARRAY',
1112 get_meta_instance => 'SCALAR',
1113 get_method_map => 'SCALAR',
1116 # this is ugly, but so are typeglobs,
1117 # so whattayahgonnadoboutit
1120 add_package_symbol => sub {
1121 my $original = shift;
1122 confess "Cannot add package symbols to an immutable metaclass"
1123 unless (caller(2))[3] eq 'Class::MOP::Package::get_package_symbol';
1125 # This is a workaround for a bug in 5.8.1 which thinks that
1126 # goto $original->body
1127 # is trying to go to a label
1128 my $body = $original->body;
1144 Class::MOP::Class - Class Meta Object
1148 # assuming that class Foo
1149 # has been defined, you can
1151 # use this for introspection ...
1153 # add a method to Foo ...
1154 Foo->meta->add_method('bar' => sub { ... })
1156 # get a list of all the classes searched
1157 # the method dispatcher in the correct order
1158 Foo->meta->class_precedence_list()
1160 # remove a method from Foo
1161 Foo->meta->remove_method('bar');
1163 # or use this to actually create classes ...
1165 Class::MOP::Class->create('Bar' => (
1167 superclasses => [ 'Foo' ],
1169 Class::MOP:::Attribute->new('$bar'),
1170 Class::MOP:::Attribute->new('$baz'),
1173 calculate_bar => sub { ... },
1174 construct_baz => sub { ... }
1180 This is the largest and currently most complex part of the Perl 5
1181 meta-object protocol. It controls the introspection and
1182 manipulation of Perl 5 classes (and it can create them too). The
1183 best way to understand what this module can do, is to read the
1184 documentation for each of it's methods.
1188 =head2 Self Introspection
1194 This will return a B<Class::MOP::Class> instance which is related
1195 to this class. Thereby allowing B<Class::MOP::Class> to actually
1198 As with B<Class::MOP::Attribute>, B<Class::MOP> will actually
1199 bootstrap this module by installing a number of attribute meta-objects
1200 into it's metaclass. This will allow this class to reap all the benifits
1201 of the MOP when subclassing it.
1205 =head2 Class construction
1207 These methods will handle creating B<Class::MOP::Class> objects,
1208 which can be used to both create new classes, and analyze
1209 pre-existing classes.
1211 This module will internally store references to all the instances
1212 you create with these methods, so that they do not need to be
1213 created any more than nessecary. Basically, they are singletons.
1217 =item B<create ($package_name,
1218 version =E<gt> ?$version,
1219 authority =E<gt> ?$authority,
1220 superclasses =E<gt> ?@superclasses,
1221 methods =E<gt> ?%methods,
1222 attributes =E<gt> ?%attributes)>
1224 This returns a B<Class::MOP::Class> object, bringing the specified
1225 C<$package_name> into existence and adding any of the C<$version>,
1226 C<$authority>, C<@superclasses>, C<%methods> and C<%attributes> to
1229 =item B<create_anon_class (superclasses =E<gt> ?@superclasses,
1230 methods =E<gt> ?%methods,
1231 attributes =E<gt> ?%attributes)>
1233 This will create an anonymous class, it works much like C<create> but
1234 it does not need a C<$package_name>. Instead it will create a suitably
1235 unique package name for you to stash things into.
1237 On very important distinction is that anon classes are destroyed once
1238 the metaclass they are attached to goes out of scope. In the DESTROY
1239 method, the created package will be removed from the symbol table.
1241 It is also worth noting that any instances created with an anon-class
1242 will keep a special reference to the anon-meta which will prevent the
1243 anon-class from going out of scope until all instances of it have also
1244 been destroyed. This however only works for HASH based instance types,
1245 as we use a special reserved slot (C<__MOP__>) to store this.
1247 =item B<initialize ($package_name, %options)>
1249 This initializes and returns returns a B<Class::MOP::Class> object
1250 for a given a C<$package_name>.
1252 =item B<construct_class_instance (%options)>
1254 This will construct an instance of B<Class::MOP::Class>, it is
1255 here so that we can actually "tie the knot" for B<Class::MOP::Class>
1256 to use C<construct_instance> once all the bootstrapping is done. This
1257 method is used internally by C<initialize> and should never be called
1258 from outside of that method really.
1260 =item B<check_metaclass_compatibility>
1262 This method is called as the very last thing in the
1263 C<construct_class_instance> method. This will check that the
1264 metaclass you are creating is compatible with the metaclasses of all
1265 your ancestors. For more inforamtion about metaclass compatibility
1266 see the C<About Metaclass compatibility> section in L<Class::MOP>.
1268 =item B<update_package_cache_flag>
1270 This will reset the package cache flag for this particular metaclass
1271 it is basically the value of the C<Class::MOP::get_package_cache_flag>
1272 function. This is very rarely needed from outside of C<Class::MOP::Class>
1273 but in some cases you might want to use it, so it is here.
1275 =item B<reset_package_cache_flag>
1277 Clears the package cache flag to announce to the internals that we need
1278 to rebuild the method map.
1280 =item B<add_meta_instance_dependencies>
1282 Registers this class as dependent on its superclasses.
1284 Only superclasses from which this class inherits attributes will be added.
1286 =item B<remove_meta_instance_depdendencies>
1288 Unregisters this class from its superclasses.
1290 =item B<update_meta_instance_dependencies>
1292 Reregisters if necessary.
1294 =item B<add_dependent_meta_instance> $metaclass
1296 Registers the class as having a meta instance dependent on this class.
1298 =item B<remove_dependent_meta_instance> $metaclass
1300 Remove the class from the list of dependent classes.
1302 =item B<invalidate_meta_instances>
1304 Clears the cached meta instance for this metaclass and all of the registered
1305 classes with dependent meta instances.
1307 Called by C<add_attribute> and C<remove_attribute> to recalculate the attribute
1310 =item B<invalidate_meta_instance>
1312 Used by C<invalidate_meta_instances>.
1316 =head2 Object instance construction and cloning
1318 These methods are B<entirely optional>, it is up to you whether you want
1323 =item B<instance_metaclass>
1325 Returns the class name of the instance metaclass, see L<Class::MOP::Instance>
1326 for more information on the instance metaclasses.
1328 =item B<get_meta_instance>
1330 Returns an instance of L<Class::MOP::Instance> to be used in the construction
1331 of a new instance of the class.
1333 =item B<create_meta_instance>
1335 Called by C<get_meta_instance> if necessary.
1337 =item B<new_object (%params)>
1339 This is a convience method for creating a new object of the class, and
1340 blessing it into the appropriate package as well. Ideally your class
1341 would call a C<new> this method like so:
1344 my ($class, %param) = @_;
1345 $class->meta->new_object(%params);
1348 =item B<construct_instance (%params)>
1350 This method is used to construct an instance structure suitable for
1351 C<bless>-ing into your package of choice. It works in conjunction
1352 with the Attribute protocol to collect all applicable attributes.
1354 This will construct and instance using a HASH ref as storage
1355 (currently only HASH references are supported). This will collect all
1356 the applicable attributes and layout out the fields in the HASH ref,
1357 it will then initialize them using either use the corresponding key
1358 in C<%params> or any default value or initializer found in the
1359 attribute meta-object.
1361 =item B<clone_object ($instance, %params)>
1363 This is a convience method for cloning an object instance, then
1364 blessing it into the appropriate package. This method will call
1365 C<clone_instance>, which performs a shallow copy of the object,
1366 see that methods documentation for more details. Ideally your
1367 class would call a C<clone> this method like so:
1369 sub MyClass::clone {
1370 my ($self, %param) = @_;
1371 $self->meta->clone_object($self, %params);
1374 =item B<clone_instance($instance, %params)>
1376 This method is a compliment of C<construct_instance> (which means if
1377 you override C<construct_instance>, you need to override this one too),
1378 and clones the instance shallowly.
1380 The cloned structure returned is (like with C<construct_instance>) an
1381 unC<bless>ed HASH reference, it is your responsibility to then bless
1382 this cloned structure into the right class (which C<clone_object> will
1385 As of 0.11, this method will clone the C<$instance> structure shallowly,
1386 as opposed to the deep cloning implemented in prior versions. After much
1387 thought, research and discussion, I have decided that anything but basic
1388 shallow cloning is outside the scope of the meta-object protocol. I
1389 think Yuval "nothingmuch" Kogman put it best when he said that cloning
1390 is too I<context-specific> to be part of the MOP.
1392 =item B<rebless_instance($instance, ?%params)>
1394 This will change the class of C<$instance> to the class of the invoking
1395 C<Class::MOP::Class>. You may only rebless the instance to a subclass of
1396 itself. You may pass in optional C<%params> which are like constructor
1397 params and will override anything already defined in the instance.
1401 =head2 Informational
1403 These are a few predicate methods for asking information about the class.
1407 =item B<is_anon_class>
1409 This returns true if the class is a C<Class::MOP::Class> created anon class.
1413 This returns true if the class is still mutable.
1415 =item B<is_immutable>
1417 This returns true if the class has been made immutable.
1419 =item B<is_pristine>
1421 Checks whether the class has any data that will be lost if C<reinitialize> is
1426 =head2 Inheritance Relationships
1430 =item B<superclasses (?@superclasses)>
1432 This is a read-write attribute which represents the superclass
1433 relationships of the class the B<Class::MOP::Class> instance is
1434 associated with. Basically, it can get and set the C<@ISA> for you.
1436 =item B<class_precedence_list>
1438 This computes the a list of all the class's ancestors in the same order
1439 in which method dispatch will be done. This is similair to what
1440 B<Class::ISA::super_path> does, but we don't remove duplicate names.
1442 =item B<linearized_isa>
1444 This returns a list based on C<class_precedence_list> but with all
1449 This returns a list of subclasses for this class.
1457 =item B<get_method_map>
1459 Returns a HASH ref of name to CODE reference mapping for this class.
1461 =item B<method_metaclass>
1463 Returns the class name of the method metaclass, see L<Class::MOP::Method>
1464 for more information on the method metaclasses.
1466 =item B<wrap_method_body(%attrs)>
1468 Wrap a code ref (C<$attrs{body>) with C<method_metaclass>.
1470 =item B<add_method ($method_name, $method)>
1472 This will take a C<$method_name> and CODE reference or meta method
1473 objectand install it into the class's package.
1475 You are strongly encouraged to pass a meta method object instead of a
1476 code reference. If you do so, that object gets stored as part of the
1477 class's method map, providing more useful information about the method
1480 When you provide a method object, this method will clone that object
1481 if the object's package name does not match the class name. This lets
1482 us track the original source of any methods added from other classes
1483 (notably Moose roles).
1486 This does absolutely nothing special to C<$method>
1487 other than use B<Sub::Name> to make sure it is tagged with the
1488 correct name, and therefore show up correctly in stack traces and
1491 =item B<has_method ($method_name)>
1493 This just provides a simple way to check if the class implements
1494 a specific C<$method_name>. It will I<not> however, attempt to check
1495 if the class inherits the method (use C<UNIVERSAL::can> for that).
1497 This will correctly handle functions defined outside of the package
1498 that use a fully qualified name (C<sub Package::name { ... }>).
1500 This will correctly handle functions renamed with B<Sub::Name> and
1501 installed using the symbol tables. However, if you are naming the
1502 subroutine outside of the package scope, you must use the fully
1503 qualified name, including the package name, for C<has_method> to
1504 correctly identify it.
1506 This will attempt to correctly ignore functions imported from other
1507 packages using B<Exporter>. It breaks down if the function imported
1508 is an C<__ANON__> sub (such as with C<use constant>), which very well
1509 may be a valid method being applied to the class.
1511 In short, this method cannot always be trusted to determine if the
1512 C<$method_name> is actually a method. However, it will DWIM about
1513 90% of the time, so it's a small trade off I think.
1515 =item B<get_method ($method_name)>
1517 This will return a Class::MOP::Method instance related to the specified
1518 C<$method_name>, or return undef if that method does not exist.
1520 The Class::MOP::Method is codifiable, so you can use it like a normal
1521 CODE reference, see L<Class::MOP::Method> for more information.
1523 =item B<find_method_by_name ($method_name)>
1525 This will return a CODE reference of the specified C<$method_name>,
1526 or return undef if that method does not exist.
1528 Unlike C<get_method> this will also look in the superclasses.
1530 =item B<remove_method ($method_name)>
1532 This will attempt to remove a given C<$method_name> from the class.
1533 It will return the CODE reference that it has removed, and will
1534 attempt to use B<Sub::Name> to clear the methods associated name.
1536 =item B<get_method_list>
1538 This will return a list of method names for all I<locally> defined
1539 methods. It does B<not> provide a list of all applicable methods,
1540 including any inherited ones. If you want a list of all applicable
1541 methods, use the C<compute_all_applicable_methods> method.
1543 =item B<get_all_methods>
1545 This will traverse the inheritance heirachy and return a list of all
1546 the applicable L<Class::MOP::Method> objects for this class.
1548 =item B<compute_all_applicable_methods>
1552 This method returns a list of hashes describing the all the methods of the
1555 Use L<get_all_methods>, which is easier/better/faster. This method predates
1556 L<Class::MOP::Method>.
1558 =item B<find_all_methods_by_name ($method_name)>
1560 This will traverse the inheritence hierarchy and locate all methods
1561 with a given C<$method_name>. Similar to
1562 C<compute_all_applicable_methods> it returns a list of HASH references
1563 with the following information; method name (which will always be the
1564 same as C<$method_name>), the name of the class in which the method
1565 lives and a CODE reference for the actual method.
1567 The list of methods produced is a distinct list, meaning there are no
1568 duplicates in it. This is especially useful for things like object
1569 initialization and destruction where you only want the method called
1570 once, and in the correct order.
1572 =item B<find_next_method_by_name ($method_name)>
1574 This will return the first method to match a given C<$method_name> in
1575 the superclasses, this is basically equivalent to calling
1576 C<SUPER::$method_name>, but it can be dispatched at runtime.
1578 =item B<alias_method ($method_name, $method)>
1580 B<NOTE>: This method is now deprecated. Just use C<add_method>
1585 =head2 Method Modifiers
1587 Method modifiers are a concept borrowed from CLOS, in which a method
1588 can be wrapped with I<before>, I<after> and I<around> method modifiers
1589 that will be called everytime the method is called.
1591 =head3 How method modifiers work?
1593 Method modifiers work by wrapping the original method and then replacing
1594 it in the classes symbol table. The wrappers will handle calling all the
1595 modifiers in the appropariate orders and preserving the calling context
1596 for the original method.
1598 Each method modifier serves a particular purpose, which may not be
1599 obvious to users of other method wrapping modules. To start with, the
1600 return values of I<before> and I<after> modifiers are ignored. This is
1601 because thier purpose is B<not> to filter the input and output of the
1602 primary method (this is done with an I<around> modifier). This may seem
1603 like an odd restriction to some, but doing this allows for simple code
1604 to be added at the begining or end of a method call without jeapordizing
1605 the normal functioning of the primary method or placing any extra
1606 responsibility on the code of the modifier. Of course if you have more
1607 complex needs, then use the I<around> modifier, which uses a variation
1608 of continutation passing style to allow for a high degree of flexibility.
1610 Before and around modifiers are called in last-defined-first-called order,
1611 while after modifiers are called in first-defined-first-called order. So
1612 the call tree might looks something like this:
1622 To see examples of using method modifiers, see the following examples
1623 included in the distribution; F<InstanceCountingClass>, F<Perl6Attribute>,
1624 F<AttributesWithHistory> and F<C3MethodDispatchOrder>. There is also a
1625 classic CLOS usage example in the test F<017_add_method_modifier.t>.
1627 =head3 What is the performance impact?
1629 Of course there is a performance cost associated with method modifiers,
1630 but we have made every effort to make that cost be directly proportional
1631 to the amount of modifier features you utilize.
1633 The wrapping method does it's best to B<only> do as much work as it
1634 absolutely needs to. In order to do this we have moved some of the
1635 performance costs to set-up time, where they are easier to amortize.
1637 All this said, my benchmarks have indicated the following:
1639 simple wrapper with no modifiers 100% slower
1640 simple wrapper with simple before modifier 400% slower
1641 simple wrapper with simple after modifier 450% slower
1642 simple wrapper with simple around modifier 500-550% slower
1643 simple wrapper with all 3 modifiers 1100% slower
1645 These numbers may seem daunting, but you must remember, every feature
1646 comes with some cost. To put things in perspective, just doing a simple
1647 C<AUTOLOAD> which does nothing but extract the name of the method called
1648 and return it costs about 400% over a normal method call.
1652 =item B<add_before_method_modifier ($method_name, $code)>
1654 This will wrap the method at C<$method_name> and the supplied C<$code>
1655 will be passed the C<@_> arguments, and called before the original
1656 method is called. As specified above, the return value of the I<before>
1657 method modifiers is ignored, and it's ability to modify C<@_> is
1658 fairly limited. If you need to do either of these things, use an
1659 C<around> method modifier.
1661 =item B<add_after_method_modifier ($method_name, $code)>
1663 This will wrap the method at C<$method_name> so that the original
1664 method will be called, it's return values stashed, and then the
1665 supplied C<$code> will be passed the C<@_> arguments, and called.
1666 As specified above, the return value of the I<after> method
1667 modifiers is ignored, and it cannot modify the return values of
1668 the original method. If you need to do either of these things, use an
1669 C<around> method modifier.
1671 =item B<add_around_method_modifier ($method_name, $code)>
1673 This will wrap the method at C<$method_name> so that C<$code>
1674 will be called and passed the original method as an extra argument
1675 at the begining of the C<@_> argument list. This is a variation of
1676 continuation passing style, where the function prepended to C<@_>
1677 can be considered a continuation. It is up to C<$code> if it calls
1678 the original method or not, there is no restriction on what the
1679 C<$code> can or cannot do.
1685 It should be noted that since there is no one consistent way to define
1686 the attributes of a class in Perl 5. These methods can only work with
1687 the information given, and can not easily discover information on
1688 their own. See L<Class::MOP::Attribute> for more details.
1692 =item B<attribute_metaclass>
1694 Returns the class name of the attribute metaclass, see L<Class::MOP::Attribute>
1695 for more information on the attribute metaclasses.
1697 =item B<get_attribute_map>
1699 This returns a HASH ref of name to attribute meta-object mapping.
1701 =item B<add_attribute ($attribute_meta_object | ($attribute_name, %attribute_spec))>
1703 This stores the C<$attribute_meta_object> (or creates one from the
1704 C<$attribute_name> and C<%attribute_spec>) in the B<Class::MOP::Class>
1705 instance associated with the given class. Unlike methods, attributes
1706 within the MOP are stored as meta-information only. They will be used
1707 later to construct instances from (see C<construct_instance> above).
1708 More details about the attribute meta-objects can be found in the
1709 L<Class::MOP::Attribute> or the L<Class::MOP/The Attribute protocol>
1712 It should be noted that any accessor, reader/writer or predicate
1713 methods which the C<$attribute_meta_object> has will be installed
1714 into the class at this time.
1717 If an attribute already exists for C<$attribute_name>, the old one
1718 will be removed (as well as removing all it's accessors), and then
1721 =item B<has_attribute ($attribute_name)>
1723 Checks to see if this class has an attribute by the name of
1724 C<$attribute_name> and returns a boolean.
1726 =item B<get_attribute ($attribute_name)>
1728 Returns the attribute meta-object associated with C<$attribute_name>,
1729 if none is found, it will return undef.
1731 =item B<remove_attribute ($attribute_name)>
1733 This will remove the attribute meta-object stored at
1734 C<$attribute_name>, then return the removed attribute meta-object.
1737 Removing an attribute will only affect future instances of
1738 the class, it will not make any attempt to remove the attribute from
1739 any existing instances of the class.
1741 It should be noted that any accessor, reader/writer or predicate
1742 methods which the attribute meta-object stored at C<$attribute_name>
1743 has will be removed from the class at this time. This B<will> make
1744 these attributes somewhat inaccessable in previously created
1745 instances. But if you are crazy enough to do this at runtime, then
1746 you are crazy enough to deal with something like this :).
1748 =item B<get_attribute_list>
1750 This returns a list of attribute names which are defined in the local
1751 class. If you want a list of all applicable attributes for a class,
1752 use the C<compute_all_applicable_attributes> method.
1754 =item B<compute_all_applicable_attributes>
1756 =item B<get_all_attributes>
1758 This will traverse the inheritance heirachy and return a list of all
1759 the applicable L<Class::MOP::Attribute> objects for this class.
1761 C<get_all_attributes> is an alias for consistency with C<get_all_methods>.
1763 =item B<find_attribute_by_name ($attr_name)>
1765 This method will traverse the inheritance heirachy and find the
1766 first attribute whose name matches C<$attr_name>, then return it.
1767 It will return undef if nothing is found.
1771 =head2 Class Immutability
1775 =item B<make_immutable (%options)>
1777 This method will invoke a tranforamtion upon the class which will
1778 make it immutable. Details of this transformation can be found in
1779 the L<Class::MOP::Immutable> documentation.
1781 =item B<make_mutable>
1783 This method will reverse tranforamtion upon the class which
1786 =item B<get_immutable_transformer>
1788 Return a transformer suitable for making this class immutable or, if this
1789 class is immutable, the transformer used to make it immutable.
1791 =item B<get_immutable_options>
1793 If the class is immutable, return the options used to make it immutable.
1795 =item B<create_immutable_transformer>
1797 Create a transformer suitable for making this class immutable
1803 Stevan Little E<lt>stevan@iinteractive.comE<gt>
1805 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
1807 Copyright 2006-2008 by Infinity Interactive, Inc.
1809 L<http://www.iinteractive.com>
1811 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
1812 it under the same terms as Perl itself.