2 package Class::MOP::Attribute;
7 use Class::MOP::Method::Accessor;
10 use Scalar::Util 'blessed', 'weaken';
13 our $VERSION = '0.94';
14 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
15 our $AUTHORITY = 'cpan:STEVAN';
17 use base 'Class::MOP::Object';
19 # NOTE: (meta-circularity)
20 # This method will be replaced in the
21 # boostrap section of Class::MOP, by
22 # a new version which uses the
23 # &Class::MOP::Class::construct_instance
24 # method to build an attribute meta-object
25 # which itself is described with attribute
27 # - Ain't meta-circularity grand? :)
29 my ( $class, @args ) = @_;
31 unshift @args, "name" if @args % 2 == 1;
34 my $name = $options{name};
37 || confess "You must provide a name for the attribute";
39 $options{init_arg} = $name
40 if not exists $options{init_arg};
41 if(exists $options{builder}){
42 confess("builder must be a defined scalar value which is a method name")
43 if ref $options{builder} || !(defined $options{builder});
44 confess("Setting both default and builder is not allowed.")
45 if exists $options{default};
47 (is_default_a_coderef(\%options))
48 || confess("References are not allowed as default values, you must ".
49 "wrap the default of '$name' in a CODE reference (ex: sub { [] } and not [])")
50 if exists $options{default} && ref $options{default};
52 if( $options{required} and not( defined($options{builder}) || defined($options{init_arg}) || exists $options{default} ) ) {
53 confess("A required attribute must have either 'init_arg', 'builder', or 'default'");
56 $class->_new(\%options);
62 return Class::MOP::Class->initialize($class)->new_object(@_)
63 if $class ne __PACKAGE__;
65 my $options = @_ == 1 ? $_[0] : {@_};
68 'name' => $options->{name},
69 'accessor' => $options->{accessor},
70 'reader' => $options->{reader},
71 'writer' => $options->{writer},
72 'predicate' => $options->{predicate},
73 'clearer' => $options->{clearer},
74 'builder' => $options->{builder},
75 'init_arg' => $options->{init_arg},
76 'default' => $options->{default},
77 'initializer' => $options->{initializer},
78 'definition_context' => $options->{definition_context},
79 # keep a weakened link to the
80 # class we are associated with
81 'associated_class' => undef,
82 # and a list of the methods
83 # associated with this attr
84 'associated_methods' => [],
85 # this let's us keep track of
86 # our order inside the associated
88 'insertion_order' => undef,
93 # this is a primative (and kludgy) clone operation
94 # for now, it will be replaced in the Class::MOP
95 # bootstrap with a proper one, however we know
96 # that this one will work fine for now.
101 || confess "Can only clone an instance";
102 return bless { %{$self}, %options } => ref($self);
105 sub initialize_instance_slot {
106 my ($self, $meta_instance, $instance, $params) = @_;
107 my $init_arg = $self->{'init_arg'};
109 # try to fetch the init arg from the %params ...
111 # if nothing was in the %params, we can use the
112 # attribute's default value (if it has one)
113 if(defined $init_arg and exists $params->{$init_arg}){
114 $self->_set_initial_slot_value(
117 $params->{$init_arg},
120 elsif (defined $self->{'default'}) {
121 $self->_set_initial_slot_value(
124 $self->default($instance),
127 elsif (defined( my $builder = $self->{'builder'})) {
128 if ($builder = $instance->can($builder)) {
129 $self->_set_initial_slot_value(
136 confess(ref($instance)." does not support builder method '". $self->{'builder'} ."' for attribute '" . $self->name . "'");
141 sub _set_initial_slot_value {
142 my ($self, $meta_instance, $instance, $value) = @_;
144 my $slot_name = $self->name;
146 return $meta_instance->set_slot_value($instance, $slot_name, $value)
147 unless $self->has_initializer;
150 $meta_instance->set_slot_value($instance, $slot_name, $_[0]);
153 my $initializer = $self->initializer;
155 # most things will just want to set a value, so make it first arg
156 $instance->$initializer($value, $callback, $self);
160 # the next bunch of methods will get bootstrapped
161 # away in the Class::MOP bootstrapping section
163 sub associated_class { $_[0]->{'associated_class'} }
164 sub associated_methods { $_[0]->{'associated_methods'} }
166 sub has_accessor { defined($_[0]->{'accessor'}) }
167 sub has_reader { defined($_[0]->{'reader'}) }
168 sub has_writer { defined($_[0]->{'writer'}) }
169 sub has_predicate { defined($_[0]->{'predicate'}) }
170 sub has_clearer { defined($_[0]->{'clearer'}) }
171 sub has_builder { defined($_[0]->{'builder'}) }
172 sub has_init_arg { defined($_[0]->{'init_arg'}) }
173 sub has_default { defined($_[0]->{'default'}) }
174 sub has_initializer { defined($_[0]->{'initializer'}) }
175 sub has_insertion_order { defined($_[0]->{'insertion_order'}) }
177 sub accessor { $_[0]->{'accessor'} }
178 sub reader { $_[0]->{'reader'} }
179 sub writer { $_[0]->{'writer'} }
180 sub predicate { $_[0]->{'predicate'} }
181 sub clearer { $_[0]->{'clearer'} }
182 sub builder { $_[0]->{'builder'} }
183 sub init_arg { $_[0]->{'init_arg'} }
184 sub initializer { $_[0]->{'initializer'} }
185 sub definition_context { $_[0]->{'definition_context'} }
186 sub insertion_order { $_[0]->{'insertion_order'} }
187 sub _set_insertion_order { $_[0]->{'insertion_order'} = $_[1] }
189 # end bootstrapped away method section.
190 # (all methods below here are kept intact)
192 sub has_read_method { $_[0]->has_reader || $_[0]->has_accessor }
193 sub has_write_method { $_[0]->has_writer || $_[0]->has_accessor }
195 sub get_read_method {
197 my $reader = $self->reader || $self->accessor;
199 return $reader unless ref $reader;
201 my ($name) = %$reader;
205 sub get_write_method {
207 my $writer = $self->writer || $self->accessor;
209 return $writer unless ref $writer;
211 my ($name) = %$writer;
215 sub get_read_method_ref {
217 if ((my $reader = $self->get_read_method) && $self->associated_class) {
218 return $self->associated_class->get_method($reader);
221 my $code = sub { $self->get_value(@_) };
222 if (my $class = $self->associated_class) {
223 return $class->method_metaclass->wrap(
225 package_name => $class->name,
235 sub get_write_method_ref {
237 if ((my $writer = $self->get_write_method) && $self->associated_class) {
238 return $self->associated_class->get_method($writer);
241 my $code = sub { $self->set_value(@_) };
242 if (my $class = $self->associated_class) {
243 return $class->method_metaclass->wrap(
245 package_name => $class->name,
255 sub is_default_a_coderef {
256 my ($value) = $_[0]->{'default'};
257 return unless ref($value);
258 return ref($value) eq 'CODE' || (blessed($value) && $value->isa('Class::MOP::Method'));
262 my ($self, $instance) = @_;
263 if (defined $instance && $self->is_default_a_coderef) {
264 # if the default is a CODE ref, then
265 # we pass in the instance and default
266 # can return a value based on that
267 # instance. Somewhat crude, but works.
268 return $self->{'default'}->($instance);
275 sub slots { (shift)->name }
279 sub attach_to_class {
280 my ($self, $class) = @_;
281 (blessed($class) && $class->isa('Class::MOP::Class'))
282 || confess "You must pass a Class::MOP::Class instance (or a subclass)";
283 weaken($self->{'associated_class'} = $class);
286 sub detach_from_class {
288 $self->{'associated_class'} = undef;
293 sub associate_method {
294 my ($self, $method) = @_;
295 push @{$self->{'associated_methods'}} => $method;
300 sub set_initial_value {
301 my ($self, $instance, $value) = @_;
302 $self->_set_initial_slot_value(
303 Class::MOP::Class->initialize(ref($instance))->get_meta_instance,
309 sub set_value { shift->set_raw_value(@_) }
310 sub get_value { shift->get_raw_value(@_) }
313 my ($self, $instance, $value) = @_;
315 Class::MOP::Class->initialize(ref($instance))
317 ->set_slot_value($instance, $self->name, $value);
321 my ($self, $instance) = @_;
323 Class::MOP::Class->initialize(ref($instance))
325 ->get_slot_value($instance, $self->name);
329 my ($self, $instance) = @_;
331 Class::MOP::Class->initialize(ref($instance))
333 ->is_slot_initialized($instance, $self->name);
337 my ($self, $instance) = @_;
339 Class::MOP::Class->initialize(ref($instance))
341 ->deinitialize_slot($instance, $self->name);
346 sub accessor_metaclass { 'Class::MOP::Method::Accessor' }
348 sub _process_accessors {
349 my ($self, $type, $accessor, $generate_as_inline_methods) = @_;
353 if ( my $ctx = $self->definition_context ) {
354 $method_ctx = { %$ctx };
357 if (ref($accessor)) {
358 (ref($accessor) eq 'HASH')
359 || confess "bad accessor/reader/writer/predicate/clearer format, must be a HASH ref";
360 my ($name, $method) = %{$accessor};
361 $method = $self->accessor_metaclass->wrap(
363 package_name => $self->associated_class->name,
365 definition_context => $method_ctx,
367 $self->associate_method($method);
368 return ($name, $method);
371 my $inline_me = ($generate_as_inline_methods && $self->associated_class->instance_metaclass->is_inlinable);
375 my $desc = "accessor $accessor";
376 if ( $accessor ne $self->name ) {
377 $desc .= " of attribute " . $self->name;
380 $method_ctx->{description} = $desc;
383 $method = $self->accessor_metaclass->new(
385 is_inline => $inline_me,
386 accessor_type => $type,
387 package_name => $self->associated_class->name,
389 definition_context => $method_ctx,
393 confess "Could not create the '$type' method for " . $self->name . " because : $_";
395 $self->associate_method($method);
396 return ($accessor, $method);
400 sub install_accessors {
403 my $class = $self->associated_class;
406 $self->_process_accessors('accessor' => $self->accessor(), $inline)
407 ) if $self->has_accessor();
410 $self->_process_accessors('reader' => $self->reader(), $inline)
411 ) if $self->has_reader();
414 $self->_process_accessors('writer' => $self->writer(), $inline)
415 ) if $self->has_writer();
418 $self->_process_accessors('predicate' => $self->predicate(), $inline)
419 ) if $self->has_predicate();
422 $self->_process_accessors('clearer' => $self->clearer(), $inline)
423 ) if $self->has_clearer();
429 my $_remove_accessor = sub {
430 my ($accessor, $class) = @_;
431 if (ref($accessor) && ref($accessor) eq 'HASH') {
432 ($accessor) = keys %{$accessor};
434 my $method = $class->get_method($accessor);
435 $class->remove_method($accessor)
436 if (ref($method) && $method->isa('Class::MOP::Method::Accessor'));
439 sub remove_accessors {
442 # we really need to make sure to remove from the
443 # associates methods here as well. But this is
444 # such a slimly used method, I am not worried
445 # about it right now.
446 $_remove_accessor->($self->accessor(), $self->associated_class()) if $self->has_accessor();
447 $_remove_accessor->($self->reader(), $self->associated_class()) if $self->has_reader();
448 $_remove_accessor->($self->writer(), $self->associated_class()) if $self->has_writer();
449 $_remove_accessor->($self->predicate(), $self->associated_class()) if $self->has_predicate();
450 $_remove_accessor->($self->clearer(), $self->associated_class()) if $self->has_clearer();
464 Class::MOP::Attribute - Attribute Meta Object
468 Class::MOP::Attribute->new(
470 accessor => 'foo', # dual purpose get/set accessor
471 predicate => 'has_foo', # predicate check for defined-ness
472 init_arg => '-foo', # class->new will look for a -foo key
473 default => 'BAR IS BAZ!' # if no -foo key is provided, use this
477 Class::MOP::Attribute->new(
479 reader => 'bar', # getter
480 writer => 'set_bar', # setter
481 predicate => 'has_bar', # predicate check for defined-ness
482 init_arg => ':bar', # class->new will look for a :bar key
483 # no default value means it is undef
489 The Attribute Protocol is almost entirely an invention of
490 C<Class::MOP>. Perl 5 does not have a consistent notion of
491 attributes. There are so many ways in which this is done, and very few
492 (if any) are easily discoverable by this module.
494 With that said, this module attempts to inject some order into this
495 chaos, by introducing a consistent API which can be used to create
504 =item B<< Class::MOP::Attribute->new($name, ?%options) >>
506 An attribute must (at the very least), have a C<$name>. All other
507 C<%options> are added as key-value pairs.
513 This is a string value representing the expected key in an
514 initialization hash. For instance, if we have an C<init_arg> value of
515 C<-foo>, then the following code will Just Work.
517 MyClass->meta->new_object( -foo => 'Hello There' );
519 If an init_arg is not assigned, it will automatically use the
520 attribute's name. If C<init_arg> is explicitly set to C<undef>, the
521 attribute cannot be specified during initialization.
525 This provides the name of a method that will be called to initialize
526 the attribute. This method will be called on the object after it is
527 constructed. It is expected to return a valid value for the attribute.
531 This can be used to provide an explicit default for initializing the
532 attribute. If the default you provide is a subroutine reference, then
533 this reference will be called I<as a method> on the object.
535 If the value is a simple scalar (string or number), then it can be
536 just passed as is. However, if you wish to initialize it with a HASH
537 or ARRAY ref, then you need to wrap that inside a subroutine
540 Class::MOP::Attribute->new(
542 default => sub { [] },
548 Class::MOP::Attribute->new(
550 default => sub { {} },
554 If you wish to initialize an attribute with a subroutine reference
555 itself, then you need to wrap that in a subroutine as well:
557 Class::MOP::Attribute->new(
560 sub { print "Hello World" }
565 And lastly, if the value of your attribute is dependent upon some
566 other aspect of the instance structure, then you can take advantage of
567 the fact that when the C<default> value is called as a method:
569 Class::MOP::Attribute->new(
570 'object_identity' => (
571 default => sub { Scalar::Util::refaddr( $_[0] ) },
575 Note that there is no guarantee that attributes are initialized in any
576 particular order, so you cannot rely on the value of some other
577 attribute when generating the default.
581 This option can be either a method name or a subroutine
582 reference. This method will be called when setting the attribute's
583 value in the constructor. Unlike C<default> and C<builder>, the
584 initializer is only called when a value is provided to the
585 constructor. The initializer allows you to munge this value during
588 The initializer is called as a method with three arguments. The first
589 is the value that was passed to the constructor. The second is a
590 subroutine reference that can be called to actually set the
591 attribute's value, and the last is the associated
592 C<Class::MOP::Attribute> object.
594 This contrived example shows an initializer that sets the attribute to
595 twice the given value.
597 Class::MOP::Attribute->new(
600 my ( $self, $value, $set, $attr ) = @_;
601 $set->( $value * 2 );
606 Since an initializer can be a method name, you can easily make
607 attribute initialization use the writer:
609 Class::MOP::Attribute->new(
611 writer => 'some_attr',
612 initializer => 'some_attr',
616 Your writer will need to examine C<@_> and determine under which
617 context it is being called.
621 The C<accessor>, C<reader>, C<writer>, C<predicate> and C<clearer>
622 options all accept the same parameters. You can provide the name of
623 the method, in which case an appropriate default method will be
624 generated for you. Or instead you can also provide hash reference
625 containing exactly one key (the method name) and one value. The value
626 should be a subroutine reference, which will be installed as the
633 An C<accessor> is a standard Perl-style read/write accessor. It will
634 return the value of the attribute, and if a value is passed as an
635 argument, it will assign that value to the attribute.
637 Note that C<undef> is a legitimate value, so this will work:
639 $object->set_something(undef);
643 This is a basic read-only accessor. It returns the value of the
648 This is a basic write accessor, it accepts a single argument, and
649 assigns that value to the attribute.
651 Note that C<undef> is a legitimate value, so this will work:
653 $object->set_something(undef);
657 The predicate method returns a boolean indicating whether or not the
658 attribute has been explicitly set.
660 Note that the predicate returns true even if the attribute was set to
661 a false value (C<0> or C<undef>).
665 This method will uninitialize the attribute. After an attribute is
666 cleared, its C<predicate> will return false.
668 =item * definition_context
670 Mostly, this exists as a hook for the benefit of Moose.
672 This option should be a hash reference containing several keys which
673 will be used when inlining the attribute's accessors. The keys should
674 include C<line>, the line number where the attribute was created, and
675 either C<file> or C<description>.
677 This information will ultimately be used when eval'ing inlined
678 accessor code so that error messages report a useful line and file
683 =item B<< $attr->clone(%options) >>
685 This clones the attribute. Any options you provide will override the
686 settings of the original attribute. You can change the name of the new
687 attribute by passing a C<name> key in C<%options>.
693 These are all basic read-only accessors for the values passed into
698 =item B<< $attr->name >>
700 Returns the attribute's name.
702 =item B<< $attr->accessor >>
704 =item B<< $attr->reader >>
706 =item B<< $attr->writer >>
708 =item B<< $attr->predicate >>
710 =item B<< $attr->clearer >>
712 The C<accessor>, C<reader>, C<writer>, C<predicate>, and C<clearer>
713 methods all return exactly what was passed to the constructor, so it
714 can be either a string containing a method name, or a hash reference.
716 =item B<< $attr->initializer >>
718 Returns the initializer as passed to the constructor, so this may be
719 either a method name or a subroutine reference.
721 =item B<< $attr->init_arg >>
723 =item B<< $attr->is_default_a_coderef >>
725 =item B<< $attr->default($instance) >>
727 The C<$instance> argument is optional. If you don't pass it, the
728 return value for this method is exactly what was passed to the
729 constructor, either a simple scalar or a subroutine reference.
731 If you I<do> pass an C<$instance> and the default is a subroutine
732 reference, then the reference is called as a method on the
733 C<$instance> and the generated value is returned.
735 =item B<< $attr->slots >>
737 Return a list of slots required by the attribute. This is usually just
738 one, the name of the attribute.
740 A slot is the name of the hash key used to store the attribute in an
743 =item B<< $attr->get_read_method >>
745 =item B<< $attr->get_write_method >>
747 Returns the name of a method suitable for reading or writing the value
748 of the attribute in the associated class.
750 If an attribute is read- or write-only, then these methods can return
751 C<undef> as appropriate.
753 =item B<< $attr->has_read_method >>
755 =item B<< $attr->has_write_method >>
757 This returns a boolean indicating whether the attribute has a I<named>
758 read or write method.
760 =item B<< $attr->get_read_method_ref >>
762 =item B<< $attr->get_write_method_ref >>
764 Returns the subroutine reference of a method suitable for reading or
765 writing the attribute's value in the associated class. These methods
766 always return a subroutine reference, regardless of whether or not the
767 attribute is read- or write-only.
769 =item B<< $attr->insertion_order >>
771 If this attribute has been inserted into a class, this returns a zero
772 based index regarding the order of insertion.
776 =head2 Informational predicates
778 These are all basic predicate methods for the values passed into C<new>.
782 =item B<< $attr->has_accessor >>
784 =item B<< $attr->has_reader >>
786 =item B<< $attr->has_writer >>
788 =item B<< $attr->has_predicate >>
790 =item B<< $attr->has_clearer >>
792 =item B<< $attr->has_initializer >>
794 =item B<< $attr->has_init_arg >>
796 This will be I<false> if the C<init_arg> was set to C<undef>.
798 =item B<< $attr->has_default >>
800 This will be I<false> if the C<default> was set to C<undef>, since
801 C<undef> is the default C<default> anyway.
803 =item B<< $attr->has_builder >>
805 =item B<< $attr->has_insertion_order >>
807 This will be I<false> if this attribute has not be inserted into a class
811 =head2 Value management
813 These methods are basically "back doors" to the instance, and can be
814 used to bypass the regular accessors, but still stay within the MOP.
816 These methods are not for general use, and should only be used if you
817 really know what you are doing.
821 =item B<< $attr->initialize_instance_slot($meta_instance, $instance, $params) >>
823 This method is used internally to initialize the attribute's slot in
824 the object C<$instance>.
826 The C<$params> is a hash reference of the values passed to the object
829 It's unlikely that you'll need to call this method yourself.
831 =item B<< $attr->set_value($instance, $value) >>
833 Sets the value without going through the accessor. Note that this
834 works even with read-only attributes.
836 =item B<< $attr->set_raw_value($instance, $value) >>
838 Sets the value with no side effects such as a trigger.
840 This doesn't actually apply to Class::MOP attributes, only to subclasses.
842 =item B<< $attr->set_initial_value($instance, $value) >>
844 Sets the value without going through the accessor. This method is only
845 called when the instance is first being initialized.
847 =item B<< $attr->get_value($instance) >>
849 Returns the value without going through the accessor. Note that this
850 works even with write-only accessors.
852 =item B<< $sttr->get_raw_value($instance) >>
854 Returns the value without any side effects such as lazy attributes.
856 Doesn't actually apply to Class::MOP attributes, only to subclasses.
858 =item B<< $attr->has_value($instance) >>
860 Return a boolean indicating whether the attribute has been set in
861 C<$instance>. This how the default C<predicate> method works.
863 =item B<< $attr->clear_value($instance) >>
865 This will clear the attribute's value in C<$instance>. This is what
866 the default C<clearer> calls.
868 Note that this works even if the attribute does not have any
869 associated read, write or clear methods.
873 =head2 Class association
875 These methods allow you to manage the attributes association with
876 the class that contains it. These methods should not be used
877 lightly, nor are they very magical, they are mostly used internally
878 and by metaclass instances.
882 =item B<< $attr->associated_class >>
884 This returns the C<Class::MOP::Class> with which this attribute is
887 =item B<< $attr->attach_to_class($metaclass) >>
889 This method stores a weakened reference to the C<$metaclass> object
892 This method does not remove the attribute from its old class,
893 nor does it create any accessors in the new class.
895 It is probably best to use the L<Class::MOP::Class> C<add_attribute>
898 =item B<< $attr->detach_from_class >>
900 This method removes the associate metaclass object from the attribute
903 This method does not remove the attribute itself from the class, or
904 remove its accessors.
906 It is probably best to use the L<Class::MOP::Class>
907 C<remove_attribute> method instead.
911 =head2 Attribute Accessor generation
915 =item B<< $attr->accessor_metaclass >>
917 Accessor methods are generated using an accessor metaclass. By
918 default, this is L<Class::MOP::Method::Accessor>. This method returns
919 the name of the accessor metaclass that this attribute uses.
921 =item B<< $attr->associate_method($method) >>
923 This associates a L<Class::MOP::Method> object with the
924 attribute. Typically, this is called internally when an attribute
925 generates its accessors.
927 =item B<< $attr->associated_methods >>
929 This returns the list of methods which have been associated with the
932 =item B<< $attr->install_accessors >>
934 This method generates and installs code the attributes various
935 accessors. It is typically called from the L<Class::MOP::Class>
936 C<add_attribute> method.
938 =item B<< $attr->remove_accessors >>
940 This method removes all of the accessors associated with the
943 This does not currently remove methods from the list returned by
944 C<associated_methods>.
952 =item B<< Class::MOP::Attribute->meta >>
954 This will return a L<Class::MOP::Class> instance for this class.
956 It should also be noted that L<Class::MOP> will actually bootstrap
957 this module by installing a number of attribute meta-objects into its
964 Stevan Little E<lt>stevan@iinteractive.comE<gt>
966 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
968 Copyright 2006-2009 by Infinity Interactive, Inc.
970 L<http://www.iinteractive.com>
972 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
973 it under the same terms as Perl itself.