4 use Moose::Meta::Class ();
5 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Moose::Util qw/find_meta/;
7 use namespace::clean -except => 'meta';
8 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Exception::Detach;
10 use Catalyst::Exception::Go;
12 use Catalyst::Request;
13 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
14 use Catalyst::Response;
16 use Catalyst::Controller;
18 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
19 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
20 use Text::SimpleTable ();
21 use Path::Class::Dir ();
22 use Path::Class::File ();
27 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
28 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
30 use List::MoreUtils qw/uniq/;
32 use String::RewritePrefix;
33 use Catalyst::EngineLoader;
35 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
38 use Plack::Middleware::Conditional;
39 use Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy;
40 use Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix;
41 use Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix;
42 use Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix;
44 BEGIN { require 5.008003; }
46 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
47 has stash => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
48 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
49 has stats => (is => 'rw');
50 has action => (is => 'rw');
51 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
56 $self->request_class->new($self->_build_request_constructor_args);
60 sub _build_request_constructor_args {
62 my %p = ( _log => $self->log );
63 $p{_uploadtmp} = $self->_uploadtmp if $self->_has_uploadtmp;
71 $self->response_class->new($self->_build_response_constructor_args);
75 sub _build_response_constructor_args {
77 { _log => $self->log };
80 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
82 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
83 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
86 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
89 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
92 # For backwards compatibility
93 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
98 our $RECURSION = 1000;
99 our $DETACH = Catalyst::Exception::Detach->new;
100 our $GO = Catalyst::Exception::Go->new;
102 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
103 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
104 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
105 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
106 engine_loader context_class request_class response_class stats_class
107 setup_finished _psgi_app loading_psgi_file run_options/;
109 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
110 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
111 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
112 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
114 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
116 our $VERSION = '5.90020';
119 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
121 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
123 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
125 my $caller = caller();
126 return if $caller eq 'main';
128 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
129 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
130 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
131 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
133 # Avoid possible C3 issues if 'Moose::Object' is already on RHS of MyApp
134 $meta->superclasses(grep { $_ ne 'Moose::Object' } $meta->superclasses);
136 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
137 if ($Moose::VERSION >= 1.15) {
138 $meta->_add_meta_method('meta');
141 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
145 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
149 sub _application { $_[0] }
155 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
159 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
160 documentation and tutorials.
162 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
163 # use the helper to create a new application
166 # add models, views, controllers
167 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
168 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
169 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
171 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
172 # --help to see all available options
173 script/myapp_server.pl
175 # command line testing interface
176 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
179 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
181 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
182 sub foo : Chained('/') Args() { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
183 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
184 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
185 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
187 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
188 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
189 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
190 # do something else after forward returns
194 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
195 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
199 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
200 sub bar : Chained('/') PathPart('/bar/of/soap') Args() { ... }
202 # called after all actions are finished
204 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
205 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
206 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
207 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
210 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
214 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
215 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
216 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
217 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
219 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
221 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
222 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
223 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
226 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
228 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
229 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
233 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
236 Special flags like C<-Debug> can also be specified as
237 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
239 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
241 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
242 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
244 The following flags are supported:
248 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
249 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
250 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
253 This sets the log level to 'debug' and enables full debug output on the
254 error screen. If you only want the latter, see L<< $c->debug >>.
258 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
260 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
262 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
263 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
264 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
265 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
266 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
268 If none of these are set, Catalyst will attempt to automatically detect the
269 home directory. If you are working in a development environment, Catalyst
270 will try and find the directory containing either Makefile.PL, Build.PL,
271 dist.ini, or cpanfile. If the application has been installed into the system
272 (i.e. you have done C<make install>), then Catalyst will use the path to your
273 application module, without the .pm extension (e.g., /foo/MyApp if your
274 application was installed at /foo/MyApp.pm)
278 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
280 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
284 Enables statistics collection and reporting.
286 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/;
288 You can also force this setting from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS
289 or <MYAPP>_STATS. The environment settings override the application, with
290 <MYAPP>_STATS having the highest priority.
292 Stats are also enabled if L<< debugging |/"-Debug" >> is enabled.
296 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
300 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
301 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
305 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
306 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
308 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
309 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
315 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
316 information about the current client request (including parameters,
317 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
319 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
321 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
323 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
325 Forwards processing to another action, by its private name. If you give a
326 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
327 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
328 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
329 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
331 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
334 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
335 $c->forward('index');
336 $c->forward(qw/Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
337 $c->forward('View::TT');
339 Note that L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >> implies
340 an C<< eval { } >> around the call (actually
341 L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus rendering all
342 exceptions thrown by the called action non-fatal and pushing them onto
343 $c->error instead. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something
347 die join "\n", @{ $c->error } if @{ $c->error };
349 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
352 $c->forward('foo') || return;
354 Another note is that C<< $c->forward >> always returns a scalar because it
355 actually returns $c->state which operates in a scalar context.
356 Thus, something like:
360 in an action that is forwarded to is going to return a scalar,
361 i.e. how many items are in that array, which is probably not what you want.
362 If you need to return an array then return a reference to it,
365 $c->stash->{array} = \@array;
367 and access it from the stash.
369 Keep in mind that the C<end> method used is that of the caller action. So a C<$c-E<gt>detach> inside a forwarded action would run the C<end> method from the original action requested.
373 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
375 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
377 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
381 The same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, but
382 doesn't return to the previous action when processing is finished.
384 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
388 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
390 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@arguments ] )
392 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
394 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
396 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
398 Almost the same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>,
399 but does a full dispatch, instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
400 C<< $class->$method >>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the method
401 you go to are called, just like a new request.
403 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
404 This means, for example, that C<< $c->action >> methods such as
405 L<name|Catalyst::Action/name>, L<class|Catalyst::Action/class> and
406 L<reverse|Catalyst::Action/reverse> return information for the visited action
407 when they are invoked within the visited action. This is different from the
408 behavior of L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, which
409 continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
410 invoked from the called action.
412 C<< $c->stash >> is kept unchanged.
414 In effect, L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >>
415 allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it would have been called by
416 dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
417 L<< go|/"$c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> allows you to
418 transfer control to another action as if it had been reached directly from a URL.
422 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
424 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@arguments ] )
426 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
428 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
430 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
432 The relationship between C<go> and
433 L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> is the same as
434 the relationship between
435 L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )" >> and
436 L<< detach|/"$c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>. Like C<< $c->visit >>,
437 C<< $c->go >> will perform a full dispatch on the specified action or method,
438 with localized C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >>. Like C<detach>,
439 C<go> escapes the processing of the current request chain on completion, and
440 does not return to its caller.
442 @arguments are arguments to the final destination of $action. @captures are
443 arguments to the intermediate steps, if any, on the way to the final sub of
448 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
454 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
458 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
459 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
460 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
461 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
462 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
463 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
466 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
467 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
468 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
470 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
471 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
475 around stash => sub {
478 my $stash = $orig->($c);
480 my $new_stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
481 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $new_stash;
482 foreach my $key ( keys %$new_stash ) {
483 $stash->{$key} = $new_stash->{$key};
493 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
495 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
497 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
498 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
499 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
501 my @error = @{ $c->error };
505 $c->error('Something bad happened');
512 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
513 croak @$error unless ref $c;
514 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
516 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
517 return $c->{error} || [];
523 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
524 Note that << $c->state >> operates in a scalar context which means that all
525 values it returns are scalar.
527 =head2 $c->clear_errors
529 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
530 implementing a custom error screen.
532 This is equivalent to running
543 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
545 return map $c->components->{ $_ }, $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes(@_);
548 # search components given a name and some prefixes
549 sub _comp_names_search_prefixes {
550 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
551 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
552 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
553 $filter = qr/$filter/; # Compile regex now rather than once per loop
555 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
556 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
557 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
559 # undef for a name will return all
560 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
562 my $query = $name->$_isa('Regexp') ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
563 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
565 return @result if @result;
567 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
568 return if $name->$_isa('Regexp');
570 # skip regexp fallback if configured
572 if $appclass->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
576 @result = grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
578 # no results? try against full names
580 @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
583 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
585 # Disgusting hack to work out correct method name
586 my $warn_for = lc $prefixes[0];
587 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), which found '" .
588 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
589 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
590 my $short = $result[0];
591 # remove the component namespace prefix
592 $short =~ s/.*?(Model|Controller|View):://;
593 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
594 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
595 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
597 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
598 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
599 "component's config";
601 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->${warn_for}('$short') instead of \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), " .
602 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
603 "like so: \$c->${warn_for}(qr/${name}/)";
605 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
611 # Find possible names for a prefix
613 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
614 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
616 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
618 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; }
619 $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
624 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
625 sub _filter_component {
626 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
628 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
629 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
635 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
637 =head2 $c->controller($name)
639 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
641 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
643 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
646 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
648 # find all controllers that start with Foo
649 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
655 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
657 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
659 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
660 my $comps = $c->components;
661 my $check = $appclass."::Controller::".$name;
662 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
664 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
665 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
666 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
669 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
672 =head2 $c->model($name)
674 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
676 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
678 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
680 If the name is omitted, it will look for
681 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
682 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
683 - a config setting 'default_model', or
684 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
686 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
688 # find all models that start with Foo
689 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
694 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
695 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
697 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
698 my $comps = $c->components;
699 my $check = $appclass."::Model::".$name;
700 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
702 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
703 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
704 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
708 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
709 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
710 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
711 if $c->stash->{current_model};
713 return $c->model( $appclass->config->{default_model} )
714 if $appclass->config->{default_model};
716 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
719 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
720 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_model => "the name of the default model to use")' );
721 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
722 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
723 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
726 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
730 =head2 $c->view($name)
732 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
734 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
736 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
738 If the name is omitted, it will look for
739 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
740 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
741 - a config setting 'default_view', or
742 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
744 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
746 # find all views that start with Foo
747 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
752 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
754 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
756 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
757 my $comps = $c->components;
758 my $check = $appclass."::View::".$name;
759 if( exists $comps->{$check} ) {
760 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args );
763 $c->log->warn( "Attempted to use view '$check', but does not exist" );
766 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
767 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
768 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
772 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
773 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
774 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
775 if $c->stash->{current_view};
777 return $c->view( $appclass->config->{default_view} )
778 if $appclass->config->{default_view};
780 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
783 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
784 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_view => "the name of the default view to use")' );
785 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
786 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
787 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
790 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
793 =head2 $c->controllers
795 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
801 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
806 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
812 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
818 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
824 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
827 =head2 $c->comp($name)
829 =head2 $c->component($name)
831 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
832 unless you want to get a specific component by full
833 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
834 should be used instead.
836 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
837 component name will be returned.
839 If Catalyst can't find a component by name, it will fallback to regex
840 matching by default. To disable this behaviour set
841 disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback to a true value.
843 __PACKAGE__->config( disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback => 1 );
848 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
851 my $comps = $c->components;
854 # is it the exact name?
855 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
856 if exists $comps->{ $name };
858 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
859 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
860 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
861 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
863 # search all of the models, views and controllers
864 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
865 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
869 if $c->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
871 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
872 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
874 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
875 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
878 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
879 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
880 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
881 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
884 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
888 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
891 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
895 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
897 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
899 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or L<Config::General> config file
900 like C<myapp.conf> in your applications home directory. See
901 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
903 =head3 Cascading configuration
905 The config method is present on all Catalyst components, and configuration
906 will be merged when an application is started. Configuration loaded with
907 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> takes precedence over other configuration,
908 followed by configuration in your top level C<MyApp> class. These two
909 configurations are merged, and then configuration data whose hash key matches a
910 component name is merged with configuration for that component.
912 The configuration for a component is then passed to the C<new> method when a
913 component is constructed.
917 MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
918 MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', overrides => 'this' });
920 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
923 MyApp::Model::Foo->new({
929 It's common practice to use a Moose attribute
930 on the receiving component to access the config value.
932 package MyApp::Model::Foo;
936 # this attr will receive 'baz' at construction time
942 You can then get the value 'baz' by calling $c->model('Foo')->bar
943 (or $self->bar inside code in the model).
945 B<NOTE:> you MUST NOT call C<< $self->config >> or C<< __PACKAGE__->config >>
946 as a way of reading config within your code, as this B<will not> give you the
947 correctly merged config back. You B<MUST> take the config values supplied to
948 the constructor and use those instead.
952 around config => sub {
956 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
957 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
964 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
965 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
966 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
967 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
969 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
974 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
976 Your log class should implement the methods described in
982 Returns 1 if debug mode is enabled, 0 otherwise.
984 You can enable debug mode in several ways:
988 =item By calling myapp_server.pl with the -d flag
990 =item With the environment variables MYAPP_DEBUG, or CATALYST_DEBUG
992 =item The -Debug option in your MyApp.pm
994 =item By declaring C<sub debug { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm.
998 The first three also set the log level to 'debug'.
1000 Calling C<< $c->debug(1) >> has no effect.
1006 =head2 $c->dispatcher
1008 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1012 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1015 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
1017 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
1019 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
1020 L<Path::Class::Dir> object. Note you can usually use this object as
1021 a filename, but sometimes you will have to explicitly stringify it
1022 yourself by calling the C<< ->stringify >> method.
1026 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
1031 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
1032 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
1033 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
1034 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
1038 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
1040 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
1041 $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in a future release/);
1043 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
1045 eval { $plugin->import };
1046 $class->mk_classdata($name);
1048 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
1051 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1052 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1055 $class->$name($obj);
1056 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
1062 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
1063 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
1064 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
1068 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
1070 B<Note:> You B<should not> wrap this method with method modifiers
1071 or bad things will happen - wrap the C<setup_finalize> method instead.
1076 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1077 croak('Running setup more than once')
1078 if ( $class->setup_finished );
1080 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
1082 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1083 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
1086 if ( $class->arguments ) {
1087 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
1093 foreach (@arguments) {
1097 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
1099 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
1100 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
1103 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
1107 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
1109 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
1110 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
1111 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
1112 if (my $engine = delete $flags->{engine}) {
1113 $class->log->warn("Specifying the engine in ->setup is no longer supported, see Catalyst::Upgrading");
1115 $class->setup_engine();
1116 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
1118 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
1120 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
1121 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
1124 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
1128 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
1129 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
1130 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
1131 You are running an old script!
1133 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
1134 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
1136 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
1137 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
1142 if ( $class->debug ) {
1143 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
1146 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1147 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1148 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
1149 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1152 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
1153 my $engine = $class->engine;
1154 my $home = $class->config->{home};
1156 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1157 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1161 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1162 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1163 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1166 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1167 # Also screws C3 badly on 5.10, hack to avoid.
1169 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1170 local *setup = sub { };
1171 $class->setup unless $Catalyst::__AM_RESTARTING;
1174 # Initialize our data structure
1175 $class->components( {} );
1177 $class->setup_components;
1179 if ( $class->debug ) {
1180 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1181 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1182 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1183 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1184 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1186 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1187 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1190 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1191 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1192 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1195 $class->setup_actions;
1197 if ( $class->debug ) {
1198 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1199 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1202 if ($class->config->{case_sensitive}) {
1203 $class->log->warn($class . "->config->{case_sensitive} is set.");
1204 $class->log->warn("This setting is deprecated and planned to be removed in Catalyst 5.81.");
1207 $class->setup_finalize;
1208 # Should be the last thing we do so that user things hooking
1209 # setup_finalize can log..
1210 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1211 return 1; # Explicit return true as people have __PACKAGE__->setup as the last thing in their class. HATE.
1214 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1216 A hook to attach modifiers to. This method does not do anything except set the
1217 C<setup_finished> accessor.
1219 Applying method modifiers to the C<setup> method doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1223 after setup_finalize => sub {
1231 sub setup_finalize {
1233 $class->setup_finished(1);
1236 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1238 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1240 Constructs an absolute L<URI> object based on the application root, the
1241 provided path, and the additional arguments and query parameters provided.
1242 When used as a string, provides a textual URI. If you need more flexibility
1243 than this (i.e. the option to provide relative URIs etc.) see
1244 L<Catalyst::Plugin::SmartURI>.
1246 If no arguments are provided, the URI for the current action is returned.
1247 To return the current action and also provide @args, use
1248 C<< $c->uri_for( $c->action, @args ) >>.
1250 If the first argument is a string, it is taken as a public URI path relative
1251 to C<< $c->namespace >> (if it doesn't begin with a forward slash) or
1252 relative to the application root (if it does). It is then merged with
1253 C<< $c->request->base >>; any C<@args> are appended as additional path
1254 components; and any C<%query_values> are appended as C<?foo=bar> parameters.
1256 If the first argument is a L<Catalyst::Action> it represents an action which
1257 will have its path resolved using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >>. The
1258 optional C<\@captures> argument (an arrayref) allows passing the captured
1259 variables that are needed to fill in the paths of Chained and Regex actions;
1260 once the path is resolved, C<uri_for> continues as though a path was
1261 provided, appending any arguments or parameters and creating an absolute
1264 The captures for the current request can be found in
1265 C<< $c->request->captures >>, and actions can be resolved using
1266 C<< Catalyst::Controller->action_for($name) >>. If you have a private action
1267 path, use C<< $c->uri_for_action >> instead.
1269 # Equivalent to $c->req->uri
1270 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures,
1271 @{ $c->req->args }, $c->req->params);
1273 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1274 $c->uri_for($c->controller('Bar')->action_for('Foo'));
1276 # Path to a static resource
1277 $c->uri_for('/static/images/logo.png');
1282 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1284 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Controller') ) {
1285 $path = $path->path_prefix;
1290 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1293 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1295 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1296 foreach my $arg (@args) {
1297 utf8::encode($arg) if utf8::is_utf8($arg);
1298 $arg =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1301 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Action') ) { # action object
1302 s|/|%2F|g for @args;
1303 my $captures = [ map { s|/|%2F|g; $_; }
1304 ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1308 foreach my $capture (@$captures) {
1309 utf8::encode($capture) if utf8::is_utf8($capture);
1310 $capture =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1314 # ->uri_for( $action, \@captures_and_args, \%query_values? )
1315 if( !@args && $action->number_of_args ) {
1316 my $expanded_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action( $action );
1318 my $num_captures = $expanded_action->number_of_captures;
1319 unshift @args, splice @$captures, $num_captures;
1322 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
1323 if (not defined $path) {
1324 $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
1328 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1331 unshift(@args, $path);
1333 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1334 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1335 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1336 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1338 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1341 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1342 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1343 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1346 my ($base, $class) = ('/', 'URI::_generic');
1348 $base = $c->req->base;
1349 $class = ref($base);
1350 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1355 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1356 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1357 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1358 my $val = $params->{$_};
1359 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1362 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1365 utf8::encode( $param ) if utf8::is_utf8($param);
1366 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1367 $param =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1369 "${key}=$param"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1373 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1377 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1379 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1385 A private path to the Catalyst action you want to create a URI for.
1387 This is a shortcut for calling C<< $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path)
1388 >> and passing the resulting C<$action> and the remaining arguments to C<<
1391 You can also pass in a Catalyst::Action object, in which case it is passed to
1394 Note that although the path looks like a URI that dispatches to the wanted action, it is not a URI, but an internal path to that action.
1396 For example, if the action looks like:
1398 package MyApp::Controller::Users;
1400 sub lst : Path('the-list') {}
1404 $c->uri_for_action('/users/lst')
1406 and it will create the URI /users/the-list.
1408 =item \@captures_and_args?
1410 Optional array reference of Captures (i.e. C<<CaptureArgs or $c->req->captures>)
1411 and arguments to the request. Usually used with L<Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained>
1412 to interpolate all the parameters in the URI.
1416 Optional list of extra arguments - can be supplied in the
1417 C<< \@captures_and_args? >> array ref, or here - whichever is easier for your
1420 Your action can have zero, a fixed or a variable number of args (e.g.
1421 C<< Args(1) >> for a fixed number or C<< Args() >> for a variable number)..
1423 =item \%query_values?
1425 Optional array reference of query parameters to append. E.g.
1431 /rest/of/your/uri?foo=bar
1437 sub uri_for_action {
1438 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1439 my $action = blessed($path)
1441 : $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path);
1442 unless (defined $action) {
1443 croak "Can't find action for path '$path'";
1445 return $c->uri_for( $action, @args );
1448 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1450 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1454 sub welcome_message {
1456 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1457 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1458 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1459 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1461 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1462 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1463 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1465 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1466 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1467 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1468 <style type="text/css">
1471 background-color: #eee;
1478 margin-bottom: 10px;
1480 background-color: #ccc;
1481 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1486 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1489 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1492 text-decoration: none;
1494 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1496 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1509 background-color: #fff;
1510 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1514 font-weight: normal;
1536 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1541 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1543 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1544 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1545 framework will make web development something you had
1546 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1547 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1548 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1549 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1550 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1551 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1552 <pre>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1554 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1556 <code>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Intro">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1557 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1559 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1560 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1561 helper scripts to generate <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AController">controllers</a>,
1562 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AModel">models</a>, and
1563 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AView">views</a>;
1564 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1565 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl --help</code></pre>
1566 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1567 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1568 you are likely to find what you need there.
1572 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1573 get in touch with us.</p>
1576 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1579 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1582 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1585 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1586 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1587 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1588 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1598 Contains a hash of options passed from the application script, including
1599 the original ARGV the script received, the processed values from that
1600 ARGV and any extra arguments to the script which were not processed.
1602 This can be used to add custom options to your application's scripts
1603 and setup your application differently depending on the values of these
1606 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1608 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1610 =head2 $c->components
1612 Returns a hash of components.
1614 =head2 $c->context_class
1616 Returns or sets the context class.
1620 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1621 deep recursion detection).
1625 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1629 Dispatches a request to actions.
1633 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1635 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1637 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1639 =head2 $c->dump_these
1641 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1642 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1648 [ Request => $c->req ],
1649 [ Response => $c->res ],
1650 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1651 [ Config => $c->config ];
1654 =head2 $c->engine_class
1656 Returns or sets the engine class.
1658 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1660 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1666 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1667 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1670 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1671 my $action = $code->reverse();
1672 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1673 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1674 $c->log->error($error);
1680 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1682 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1684 no warnings 'recursion';
1685 # N.B. This used to be combined, but I have seen $c get clobbered if so, and
1686 # I have no idea how, ergo $ret (which appears to fix the issue)
1687 eval { my $ret = $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0; $c->state( $ret ) };
1689 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1691 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1693 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1694 if ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Detach') ) {
1695 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 1;
1697 elsif ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Go') ) {
1698 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 0;
1701 unless ( ref $error ) {
1702 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1704 my $class = $last->class;
1705 my $name = $last->name;
1706 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1715 sub _stats_start_execute {
1716 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1717 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
1718 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1719 && ( !$appclass->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1721 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1722 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1724 my $action = $action_name;
1725 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1727 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1728 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1729 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1731 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1733 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1734 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1736 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1737 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1738 $action = "-> $action";
1743 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1745 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1746 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1747 my $parent = $c->stack->[-1];
1749 # forward, locate the caller
1750 if ( defined $parent && exists $c->counter->{"$parent"} ) {
1753 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1759 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1778 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1779 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1780 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1785 Finalizes the request.
1792 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1793 $c->log->error($error);
1796 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1797 my $engine = $c->engine;
1798 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
1803 $c->finalize_uploads;
1806 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1810 $c->finalize_headers unless $c->response->finalized_headers;
1813 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
1814 $c->response->body('');
1822 if ($c->use_stats) {
1823 my $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $c->stats->elapsed;
1824 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1826 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1829 return $c->response->status;
1832 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1838 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1840 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1846 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1848 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1854 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1856 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1862 sub finalize_headers {
1865 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
1867 # Check if we already finalized headers
1868 return if $response->finalized_headers;
1871 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
1872 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1873 $response->header( Location => $location );
1875 if ( !$response->has_body ) {
1876 # Add a default body if none is already present
1877 my $encoded_location = encode_entities($location);
1878 $response->body(<<"EOF");
1879 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
1880 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
1882 <title>Moved</title>
1885 <p>This item has moved <a href="$encoded_location">here</a>.</p>
1889 $response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1894 if ( defined $response->body && length $response->body && !$response->content_length ) {
1896 # get the length from a filehandle
1897 if ( blessed( $response->body ) && $response->body->can('read') || ref( $response->body ) eq 'GLOB' )
1899 my $size = -s $response->body;
1901 $response->content_length( $size );
1904 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1908 # everything should be bytes at this point, but just in case
1909 $response->content_length( length( $response->body ) );
1914 if ( $response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1915 $response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1916 $response->body('');
1919 $c->finalize_cookies;
1921 $c->response->finalize_headers();
1924 $response->finalized_headers(1);
1927 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1929 An alias for finalize_body.
1931 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1933 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1937 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1939 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1941 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1945 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1947 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1949 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1953 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1955 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1957 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1962 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1964 =head2 $app->handle_request( @arguments )
1966 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1970 sub handle_request {
1971 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1973 # Always expect worst case!
1976 if ($class->debug) {
1977 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1978 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1979 my $time = localtime time;
1980 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
1983 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1985 $status = $c->finalize;
1988 chomp(my $error = $_);
1989 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1994 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
1995 $class->log->$coderef();
2000 =head2 $class->prepare( @arguments )
2002 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
2009 predicate => '_has_uploadtmp',
2013 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2016 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
2017 # into the application.
2018 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
2020 my $uploadtmp = $class->config->{uploadtmp};
2021 my $c = $class->context_class->new({ $uploadtmp ? (_uploadtmp => $uploadtmp) : ()});
2023 $c->response->_context($c);
2025 #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
2026 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
2027 if ( $c->debug || $c->config->{enable_catalyst_header} ) {
2028 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
2032 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
2033 if ( my $prepare = $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
2034 $c->engine->$prepare( $c, @arguments );
2037 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
2038 $c->prepare_connection;
2039 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
2040 $c->prepare_headers; # Just hooks, no longer needed - they just
2041 $c->prepare_cookies; # cause the lazy attribute on req to build
2044 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
2045 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
2048 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
2049 unless ( ref($c)->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
2055 # VERY ugly and probably shouldn't rely on ->finalize actually working
2057 # failed prepare is always due to an invalid request, right?
2058 $c->response->status(400);
2059 $c->response->content_type('text/plain');
2060 $c->response->body('Bad Request');
2061 # Note we call finalize and then die here, which escapes
2062 # finalize being called in the enclosing block..
2063 # It in fact couldn't be called, as we don't return $c..
2064 # This is a mess - but I'm unsure you can fix this without
2065 # breaking compat for people doing crazy things (we should set
2066 # the 400 and just return the ctx here IMO, letting finalize get called
2077 =head2 $c->prepare_action
2079 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
2083 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
2085 =head2 $c->prepare_body
2087 Prepares message body.
2094 return if $c->request->_has_body;
2096 # Initialize on-demand data
2097 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
2098 $c->prepare_parameters;
2099 $c->prepare_uploads;
2102 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
2104 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
2106 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
2110 sub prepare_body_chunk {
2112 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
2115 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
2117 Prepares body parameters.
2121 sub prepare_body_parameters {
2123 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
2126 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
2128 Prepares connection.
2132 sub prepare_connection {
2134 # XXX - This is called on the engine (not the request) to maintain
2135 # Engine::PSGI back compat.
2136 $c->engine->prepare_connection($c);
2139 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
2141 Prepares cookies by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2142 object has been built.
2146 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->request->cookies }
2148 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
2150 Prepares request headers by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2151 object has been built.
2155 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->request->headers }
2157 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
2159 Prepares parameters.
2163 sub prepare_parameters {
2165 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
2166 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
2169 =head2 $c->prepare_path
2171 Prepares path and base.
2175 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
2177 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
2179 Prepares query parameters.
2183 sub prepare_query_parameters {
2186 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
2189 =head2 $c->log_request
2191 Writes information about the request to the debug logs. This includes:
2195 =item * Request method, path, and remote IP address
2197 =item * Query keywords (see L<Catalyst::Request/query_keywords>)
2199 =item * Request parameters
2201 =item * File uploads
2210 return unless $c->debug;
2212 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Request' } $c->dump_these;
2213 my $request = $dump->[1];
2215 my ( $method, $path, $address ) = ( $request->method, $request->path, $request->address );
2217 $path = '/' unless length $path;
2219 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/);
2221 $c->log_request_headers($request->headers);
2223 if ( my $keywords = $request->query_keywords ) {
2224 $c->log->debug("Query keywords are: $keywords");
2227 $c->log_request_parameters( query => $request->query_parameters, $request->_has_body ? (body => $request->body_parameters) : () );
2229 $c->log_request_uploads($request);
2232 =head2 $c->log_response
2234 Writes information about the response to the debug logs by calling
2235 C<< $c->log_response_status_line >> and C<< $c->log_response_headers >>.
2242 return unless $c->debug;
2244 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Response' } $c->dump_these;
2245 my $response = $dump->[1];
2247 $c->log_response_status_line($response);
2248 $c->log_response_headers($response->headers);
2251 =head2 $c->log_response_status_line($response)
2253 Writes one line of information about the response to the debug logs. This includes:
2257 =item * Response status code
2259 =item * Content-Type header (if present)
2261 =item * Content-Length header (if present)
2267 sub log_response_status_line {
2268 my ($c, $response) = @_;
2272 'Response Code: %s; Content-Type: %s; Content-Length: %s',
2273 $response->status || 'unknown',
2274 $response->headers->header('Content-Type') || 'unknown',
2275 $response->headers->header('Content-Length') || 'unknown'
2280 =head2 $c->log_response_headers($headers);
2282 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the response headers.
2283 No-op in the default implementation.
2287 sub log_response_headers {}
2289 =head2 $c->log_request_parameters( query => {}, body => {} )
2291 Logs request parameters to debug logs
2295 sub log_request_parameters {
2297 my %all_params = @_;
2299 return unless $c->debug;
2301 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 44;
2302 foreach my $type (qw(query body)) {
2303 my $params = $all_params{$type};
2304 next if ! keys %$params;
2305 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2306 for my $key ( sort keys %$params ) {
2307 my $param = $params->{$key};
2308 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
2309 $t->row( $key, ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
2311 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
2315 =head2 $c->log_request_uploads
2317 Logs file uploads included in the request to the debug logs.
2318 The parameter name, filename, file type, and file size are all included in
2323 sub log_request_uploads {
2325 my $request = shift;
2326 return unless $c->debug;
2327 my $uploads = $request->uploads;
2328 if ( keys %$uploads ) {
2329 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
2330 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
2335 for my $key ( sort keys %$uploads ) {
2336 my $upload = $uploads->{$key};
2337 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
2338 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
2341 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
2345 =head2 $c->log_request_headers($headers);
2347 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the request headers.
2348 No-op in the default implementation.
2352 sub log_request_headers {}
2354 =head2 $c->log_headers($type => $headers)
2356 Logs L<HTTP::Headers> (either request or response) to the debug logs.
2363 my $headers = shift; # an HTTP::Headers instance
2365 return unless $c->debug;
2367 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 28;
2368 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 15, 'Header Name' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2371 my ( $name, $value ) = @_;
2372 $t->row( $name, $value );
2375 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Headers:\n" . $t->draw );
2379 =head2 $c->prepare_read
2381 Prepares the input for reading.
2385 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
2387 =head2 $c->prepare_request
2389 Prepares the engine request.
2393 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
2395 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
2401 sub prepare_uploads {
2404 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
2407 =head2 $c->prepare_write
2409 Prepares the output for writing.
2413 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
2415 =head2 $c->request_class
2417 Returns or sets the request class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Request>.
2419 =head2 $c->response_class
2421 Returns or sets the response class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Response>.
2423 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
2425 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
2426 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
2427 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
2429 You have to set C<< MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1) >> to use this
2432 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
2433 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
2434 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
2438 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->request->read( @_ ) }
2448 $app->_make_immutable_if_needed;
2449 $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack ?
2450 $app->engine->run($app, @_) :
2451 $app->engine->run( $app, $app->_finalized_psgi_app, @_ );
2454 sub _make_immutable_if_needed {
2456 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
2457 my $isa_ca = $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $class->isa('Class::Accessor');
2460 && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
2463 warn("You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
2464 . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
2465 . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
2466 . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
2467 . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n");
2469 unless ($meta->is_immutable) {
2470 # XXX - FIXME warning here as you should make your app immutable yourself.
2471 $meta->make_immutable(
2472 replace_constructor => 1,
2477 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2479 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2483 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2485 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2487 Sets up actions for a component.
2491 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2493 =head2 $c->setup_components
2495 This method is called internally to set up the application's components.
2497 It finds modules by calling the L<locate_components> method, expands them to
2498 package names with the L<expand_component_module> method, and then installs
2499 each component into the application.
2501 The C<setup_components> config option is passed to both of the above methods.
2503 Installation of each component is performed by the L<setup_component> method,
2508 sub setup_components {
2511 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2513 my @comps = $class->locate_components($config);
2514 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2516 my $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names = grep { /::[CMV]::/ } @comps;
2517 $class->log->warn(qq{Your application is using the deprecated ::[MVC]:: type naming scheme.\n}.
2518 qq{Please switch your class names to ::Model::, ::View:: and ::Controller: as appropriate.\n}
2519 ) if $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names;
2521 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2523 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2524 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2525 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2527 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2530 for my $component (@comps) {
2531 my $instance = $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2532 my @expanded_components = $instance->can('expand_modules')
2533 ? $instance->expand_modules( $component, $config )
2534 : $class->expand_component_module( $component, $config );
2535 for my $component (@expanded_components) {
2536 next if $comps{$component};
2537 $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2542 =head2 $c->locate_components( $setup_component_config )
2544 This method is meant to provide a list of component modules that should be
2545 setup for the application. By default, it will use L<Module::Pluggable>.
2547 Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass additional options directly
2548 to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional search paths, specify a key named
2549 C<search_extra> as an array reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::>
2550 will have the application class name prepended to them.
2554 sub locate_components {
2558 my @paths = qw( ::Controller ::C ::Model ::M ::View ::V );
2559 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2561 push @paths, @$extra;
2563 my $locator = Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2564 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } @paths ],
2568 # XXX think about ditching this sort entirely
2569 my @comps = sort { length $a <=> length $b } $locator->plugins;
2574 =head2 $c->expand_component_module( $component, $setup_component_config )
2576 Components found by C<locate_components> will be passed to this method, which
2577 is expected to return a list of component (package) names to be set up.
2581 sub expand_component_module {
2582 my ($class, $module) = @_;
2583 return Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $module );
2586 =head2 $c->setup_component
2590 sub setup_component {
2591 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2593 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2597 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2598 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2599 # Stash catalyst_component_name in the config here, so that custom COMPONENT
2600 # methods also pass it. local to avoid pointlessly shitting in config
2601 # for the debug screen, as $component is already the key name.
2602 local $config->{catalyst_component_name} = $component;
2604 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2606 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2608 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2609 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2613 unless (blessed $instance) {
2614 my $metaclass = Moose::Util::find_meta($component);
2615 my $method_meta = $metaclass->find_method_by_name('COMPONENT');
2616 my $component_method_from = $method_meta->associated_metaclass->name;
2617 my $value = defined($instance) ? $instance : 'undef';
2618 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2620 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", COMPONENT() method (from $component_method_from) didn't return an object-like value (value was $value)./
2626 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2632 sub setup_dispatcher {
2633 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2636 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2639 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2640 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2643 unless ($dispatcher) {
2644 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2647 Class::MOP::load_class($dispatcher);
2649 # dispatcher instance
2650 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2653 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2660 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2662 if (!$class->engine_loader || $requested_engine) {
2663 $class->engine_loader(
2664 Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2665 application_name => $class,
2666 (defined $requested_engine
2667 ? (catalyst_engine_class => $requested_engine) : ()),
2672 $class->engine_loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2676 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2679 my $loader = $class->engine_loader;
2681 if (!$loader || $requested_engine) {
2682 $loader = Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2683 application_name => $class,
2684 (defined $requested_engine
2685 ? (requested_engine => $requested_engine) : ()),
2688 $class->engine_loader($loader);
2691 $loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2694 # Don't really setup_engine -- see _setup_psgi_app for explanation.
2695 return if $class->loading_psgi_file;
2697 Class::MOP::load_class($engine);
2699 if ($ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
2700 my $apache = $class->engine_loader->auto;
2702 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2703 my $was_immutable = $meta->is_immutable;
2704 my %immutable_options = $meta->immutable_options;
2705 $meta->make_mutable if $was_immutable;
2707 $meta->add_method(handler => sub {
2709 my $psgi_app = $class->_finalized_psgi_app;
2710 $apache->call_app($r, $psgi_app);
2713 $meta->make_immutable(%immutable_options) if $was_immutable;
2716 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2721 sub _finalized_psgi_app {
2724 unless ($app->_psgi_app) {
2725 my $psgi_app = $app->_setup_psgi_app;
2726 $app->_psgi_app($psgi_app);
2729 return $app->_psgi_app;
2732 sub _setup_psgi_app {
2735 for my $home (Path::Class::Dir->new($app->config->{home})) {
2736 my $psgi_file = $home->file(
2737 Catalyst::Utils::appprefix($app) . '.psgi',
2740 next unless -e $psgi_file;
2742 # If $psgi_file calls ->setup_engine, it's doing so to load
2743 # Catalyst::Engine::PSGI. But if it does that, we're only going to
2744 # throw away the loaded PSGI-app and load the 5.9 Catalyst::Engine
2745 # anyway. So set a flag (ick) that tells setup_engine not to populate
2746 # $c->engine or do any other things we might regret.
2748 $app->loading_psgi_file(1);
2749 my $psgi_app = Plack::Util::load_psgi($psgi_file);
2750 $app->loading_psgi_file(0);
2753 unless $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack;
2756 Found a legacy Catalyst::Engine::PSGI .psgi file at ${psgi_file}.
2758 Its content has been ignored. Please consult the Catalyst::Upgrading
2759 documentation on how to upgrade from Catalyst::Engine::PSGI.
2763 return $app->apply_default_middlewares($app->psgi_app);
2766 =head2 $c->apply_default_middlewares
2768 Adds the following L<Plack> middlewares to your application, since they are
2769 useful and commonly needed:
2771 L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy>, (conditionally added based on the status
2772 of your $ENV{REMOTE_ADDR}, and can be forced on with C<using_frontend_proxy>
2773 or forced off with C<ignore_frontend_proxy>), L<Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix>
2774 (if you are using Lighttpd), L<Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix> (always
2775 applied since this middleware is smart enough to conditionally apply itself).
2777 Additionally if we detect we are using Nginx, we add a bit of custom middleware
2778 to solve some problems with the way that server handles $ENV{PATH_INFO} and
2784 sub apply_default_middlewares {
2785 my ($app, $psgi_app) = @_;
2787 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2789 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->wrap($_[0]) },
2792 return if $app->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy};
2793 return $env->{REMOTE_ADDR} eq '127.0.0.1'
2794 || $app->config->{using_frontend_proxy};
2798 # If we're running under Lighttpd, swap PATH_INFO and SCRIPT_NAME
2799 # http://lists.scsys.co.uk/pipermail/catalyst/2006-June/008361.html
2800 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2802 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix->wrap($_[0]) },
2805 return unless $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!lighttpd[-/]1\.(\d+\.\d+)!;
2806 return unless $1 < 4.23;
2811 # we're applying this unconditionally as the middleware itself already makes
2812 # sure it doesn't fuck things up if it's not running under one of the right
2814 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix->wrap($psgi_app);
2816 # And another IIS issue, this time with IIS7.
2817 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2819 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix->wrap($_[0]) },
2822 return $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!IIS/7\.[0-9]!;
2831 Returns a PSGI application code reference for the catalyst application
2832 C<$c>. This is the bare application without any middlewares
2833 applied. C<${myapp}.psgi> is not taken into account.
2835 This is what you want to be using to retrieve the PSGI application code
2836 reference of your Catalyst application for use in F<.psgi> files.
2842 return $app->engine->build_psgi_app($app);
2845 =head2 $c->setup_home
2847 Sets up the home directory.
2852 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2854 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
2858 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2861 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
2862 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2863 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2867 =head2 $c->setup_log
2869 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
2870 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
2873 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
2874 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
2875 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
2877 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
2878 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
2879 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
2884 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
2887 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
2888 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
2889 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels;
2891 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
2892 if ( defined $env_debug ) {
2893 $levels{debug} = 1 if $env_debug; # Ugly!
2894 delete($levels{debug}) unless $env_debug;
2897 unless ( $class->log ) {
2898 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
2901 if ( $levels{debug} ) {
2902 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
2903 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2907 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2913 =head2 $c->setup_stats
2915 Sets up timing statistics class.
2920 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
2922 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
2924 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
2925 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
2926 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
2927 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
2932 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
2934 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
2937 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
2938 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
2939 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
2941 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
2949 sub registered_plugins {
2951 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
2953 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
2954 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
2957 sub _register_plugin {
2958 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
2959 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
2961 Class::MOP::load_class( $plugin );
2962 $class->log->warn( "$plugin inherits from 'Catalyst::Component' - this is deprecated and will not work in 5.81" )
2963 if $plugin->isa( 'Catalyst::Component' );
2964 my $plugin_meta = Moose::Meta::Class->create($plugin);
2965 if (!$plugin_meta->has_method('new')
2966 && ( $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor') ) ) {
2967 $plugin_meta->add_method('new', Moose::Object->meta->get_method('new'))
2969 if (!$instant && !$proto->_plugins->{$plugin}) {
2970 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
2971 $meta->superclasses($plugin, $meta->superclasses);
2973 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
2978 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
2980 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
2981 $plugins = Data::OptList::mkopt($plugins || []);
2984 [ Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace(
2985 $class . '::Plugin',
2986 'Catalyst::Plugin', $_->[0]
2992 for my $plugin ( reverse @plugins ) {
2993 Class::MOP::load_class($plugin->[0], $plugin->[1]);
2994 my $meta = find_meta($plugin->[0]);
2995 next if $meta && $meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role');
2997 $class->_register_plugin($plugin->[0]);
3001 map { $_->[0]->name, $_->[1] }
3002 grep { blessed($_->[0]) && $_->[0]->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
3003 map { [find_meta($_->[0]), $_->[1]] }
3006 Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(
3014 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
3015 currently executing).
3019 Returns the current timing statistics object. By default Catalyst uses
3020 L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats>, but can be set otherwise with
3021 L<< stats_class|/"$c->stats_class" >>.
3023 Even if L<< -Stats|/"-Stats" >> is not enabled, the stats object is still
3024 available. By enabling it with C< $c->stats->enabled(1) >, it can be used to
3025 profile explicitly, although MyApp.pm still won't profile nor output anything
3028 =head2 $c->stats_class
3030 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class. L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats> is used by default.
3032 =head2 $c->use_stats
3034 Returns 1 when L<< stats collection|/"-Stats" >> is enabled.
3036 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overridden
3037 by declaring C<sub use_stats { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm, not by calling C<< $c->use_stats(1) >>.
3044 =head2 $c->write( $data )
3046 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
3047 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
3048 your output data, if known.
3055 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output (for compat)
3056 $c->finalize_headers;
3058 return $c->response->write( @_ );
3063 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
3064 messages in template systems.
3068 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
3070 =head1 CONFIGURATION
3072 There are a number of 'base' config variables which can be set:
3078 C<default_model> - The default model picked if you say C<< $c->model >>. See L<< /$c->model($name) >>.
3082 C<default_view> - The default view to be rendered or returned when C<< $c->view >> is called. See L<< /$c->view($name) >>.
3086 C<disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback> - Turns
3087 off the deprecated component resolution functionality so
3088 that if any of the component methods (e.g. C<< $c->controller('Foo') >>)
3089 are called then regex search will not be attempted on string values and
3090 instead C<undef> will be returned.
3094 C<home> - The application home directory. In an uninstalled application,
3095 this is the top level application directory. In an installed application,
3096 this will be the directory containing C<< MyApp.pm >>.
3100 C<ignore_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>
3104 C<name> - The name of the application in debug messages and the debug and
3109 C<parse_on_demand> - The request body (for example file uploads) will not be parsed
3110 until it is accessed. This allows you to (for example) check authentication (and reject
3111 the upload) before actually receiving all the data. See L</ON-DEMAND PARSER>
3115 C<root> - The root directory for templates. Usually this is just a
3116 subdirectory of the home directory, but you can set it to change the
3117 templates to a different directory.
3121 C<search_extra> - Array reference passed to Module::Pluggable to for additional
3122 namespaces from which components will be loaded (and constructed and stored in
3123 C<< $c->components >>).
3127 C<show_internal_actions> - If true, causes internal actions such as C<< _DISPATCH >>
3128 to be shown in hit debug tables in the test server.
3132 C<use_request_uri_for_path> - Controls if the C<REQUEST_URI> or C<PATH_INFO> environment
3133 variable should be used for determining the request path.
3135 Most web server environments pass the requested path to the application using environment variables,
3136 from which Catalyst has to reconstruct the request base (i.e. the top level path to / in the application,
3137 exposed as C<< $c->request->base >>) and the request path below that base.
3139 There are two methods of doing this, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. Which method is used
3140 is determined by the C<< $c->config(use_request_uri_for_path) >> setting (which can either be true or false).
3144 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 0
3146 This is the default (and the) traditional method that Catalyst has used for determining the path information.
3147 The path is generated from a combination of the C<PATH_INFO> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables.
3148 The allows the application to behave correctly when C<mod_rewrite> is being used to redirect requests
3149 into the application, as these variables are adjusted by mod_rewrite to take account for the redirect.
3151 However this method has the major disadvantage that it is impossible to correctly decode some elements
3152 of the path, as RFC 3875 says: "C<< Unlike a URI path, the PATH_INFO is not URL-encoded, and cannot
3153 contain path-segment parameters. >>" This means PATH_INFO is B<always> decoded, and therefore Catalyst
3154 can't distinguish / vs %2F in paths (in addition to other encoded values).
3156 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 1
3158 This method uses the C<REQUEST_URI> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables. As C<REQUEST_URI> is never
3159 decoded, this means that applications using this mode can correctly handle URIs including the %2F character
3160 (i.e. with C<AllowEncodedSlashes> set to C<On> in Apache).
3162 Given that this method of path resolution is provably more correct, it is recommended that you use
3163 this unless you have a specific need to deploy your application in a non-standard environment, and you are
3164 aware of the implications of not being able to handle encoded URI paths correctly.
3166 However it also means that in a number of cases when the app isn't installed directly at a path, but instead
3167 is having paths rewritten into it (e.g. as a .cgi/fcgi in a public_html directory, with mod_rewrite in a
3168 .htaccess file, or when SSI is used to rewrite pages into the app, or when sub-paths of the app are exposed
3169 at other URIs than that which the app is 'normally' based at with C<mod_rewrite>), the resolution of
3170 C<< $c->request->base >> will be incorrect.
3176 C<using_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>.
3180 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
3182 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
3183 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
3184 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
3186 MyApp->config(show_internal_actions => 1);
3188 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
3190 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
3191 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
3192 parsing with a config parameter.
3194 MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1);
3196 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
3198 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
3199 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
3200 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
3201 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
3202 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
3203 virtual host that the user connected through.
3205 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
3206 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
3207 changes are made to the request.
3209 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
3210 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
3212 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
3213 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
3215 Additionally, you may be running your backend application on an insecure
3216 connection (port 80) while your frontend proxy is running under SSL. If there
3217 is a discrepancy in the ports, use the HTTP header C<X-Forwarded-Port> to
3218 tell Catalyst what port the frontend listens on. This will allow all URIs to
3219 be created properly.
3221 In the case of passing in:
3223 X-Forwarded-Port: 443
3225 All calls to C<uri_for> will result in an https link, as is expected.
3227 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
3229 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
3230 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
3231 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
3234 MyApp->config(using_frontend_proxy => 1);
3236 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
3238 MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 0);
3240 =head2 Note about psgi files
3242 Note that if you supply your own .psgi file, calling
3243 C<< MyApp->psgi_app(@_); >>, then B<this will not happen automatically>.
3245 You either need to apply L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy> yourself
3246 in your psgi, for example:
3249 enable "Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy";
3253 This will unconditionally add the ReverseProxy support, or you need to call
3254 C<< $app = MyApp->apply_default_middlewares($app) >> (to conditionally
3255 apply the support depending upon your config).
3257 See L<Catalyst::PSGI> for more information.
3259 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
3261 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
3262 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
3263 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
3265 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
3266 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
3267 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
3273 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
3277 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
3278 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
3282 http://catalyst.perl.org
3286 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
3290 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
3292 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
3294 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Controller> - Base classes for components
3296 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
3298 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
3300 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
3302 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
3304 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
3306 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
3308 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
3314 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
3316 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
3320 Andrew Ford E<lt>A.Ford@ford-mason.co.ukE<gt>
3324 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
3326 audreyt: Audrey Tang
3328 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
3330 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
3332 chansen: Christian Hansen
3334 chicks: Christopher Hicks
3336 Chisel Wright C<pause@herlpacker.co.uk>
3338 Danijel Milicevic C<me@danijel.de>
3340 David Kamholz E<lt>dkamholz@cpan.orgE<gt>
3342 David Naughton, C<naughton@umn.edu>
3346 dhoss: Devin Austin <dhoss@cpan.org>
3348 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
3352 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
3354 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
3356 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
3358 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
3360 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
3364 Gavin Henry C<ghenry@perl.me.uk>
3368 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@gmail.com>
3370 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
3372 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
3374 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
3376 jester: Jesse Sheidlower C<jester@panix.com>
3378 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
3384 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
3386 Jonathan Rockway C<< <jrockway@cpan.org> >>
3388 Kieren Diment C<kd@totaldatasolution.com>
3390 konobi: Scott McWhirter <konobi@cpan.org>
3392 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
3394 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
3396 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
3400 naughton: David Naughton
3402 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
3404 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
3406 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
3412 omega: Andreas Marienborg
3414 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
3416 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
3418 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
3420 random: Roland Lammel <lammel@cpan.org>
3422 Robert Sedlacek C<< <rs@474.at> >>
3424 SpiceMan: Marcel Montes
3428 szbalint: Balint Szilakszi <szbalint@cpan.org>
3430 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
3434 Viljo Marrandi C<vilts@yahoo.com>
3436 Will Hawes C<info@whawes.co.uk>
3438 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
3440 wreis: Wallace Reis <wallace@reis.org.br>
3442 Yuval Kogman, C<nothingmuch@woobling.org>
3444 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich, C<perl@rainboxx.de>
3446 dd070: Dhaval Dhanani <dhaval070@gmail.com>
3450 Copyright (c) 2005, the above named PROJECT FOUNDER and CONTRIBUTORS.
3454 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
3455 the same terms as Perl itself.
3461 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;