4 use Moose::Meta::Class ();
5 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Moose::Util qw/find_meta/;
8 use B::Hooks::EndOfScope ();
9 use Catalyst::Exception;
10 use Catalyst::Exception::Detach;
11 use Catalyst::Exception::Go;
13 use Catalyst::Request;
14 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
15 use Catalyst::Response;
17 use Catalyst::Controller;
18 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
20 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
21 use Text::SimpleTable ();
22 use Path::Class::Dir ();
23 use Path::Class::File ();
27 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
28 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
30 use List::MoreUtils qw/uniq/;
33 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
35 BEGIN { require 5.008004; }
37 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
38 has stash => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
39 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
40 has stats => (is => 'rw');
41 has action => (is => 'rw');
42 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
43 has request => (is => 'rw', default => sub { $_[0]->request_class->new({}) }, required => 1, lazy => 1);
44 has response => (is => 'rw', default => sub { $_[0]->response_class->new({}) }, required => 1, lazy => 1);
45 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
47 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
48 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
51 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
54 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
57 # For backwards compatibility
58 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
63 our $RECURSION = 1000;
64 our $DETACH = Catalyst::Exception::Detach->new;
65 our $GO = Catalyst::Exception::Go->new;
67 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
68 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
69 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
70 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
71 engine_class context_class request_class response_class stats_class
74 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
75 __PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine::CGI');
76 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
77 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
78 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
80 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
82 our $VERSION = '5.80013';
85 my $dev_version = $VERSION =~ /_\d{2}$/;
86 *_IS_DEVELOPMENT_VERSION = sub () { $dev_version };
89 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
92 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
94 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
96 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
98 my $caller = caller();
99 return if $caller eq 'main';
101 # Kill Adopt::NEXT warnings if we're a non-RC version
102 unless (_IS_DEVELOPMENT_VERSION()) {
103 Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT->unimport(qr/^Catalyst::/);
106 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
107 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
108 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
109 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
111 # Avoid possible C3 issues if 'Moose::Object' is already on RHS of MyApp
112 $meta->superclasses(grep { $_ ne 'Moose::Object' } $meta->superclasses);
114 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
115 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
118 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
122 sub _application { $_[0] }
126 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
130 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
131 documentation and tutorials.
133 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
134 # use the helper to create a new application
137 # add models, views, controllers
138 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
139 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
140 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
142 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
143 # --help to see all available options
144 script/myapp_server.pl
146 # command line testing interface
147 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
150 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
152 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
153 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
154 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
155 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
156 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
158 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
159 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
160 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
161 # do something else after forward returns
165 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
166 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
170 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
171 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
173 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller downwards
175 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
176 if ( !$c->user_exists ) { # Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication
177 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
178 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
180 return 1; # success; carry on to next action
183 # called after all actions are finished
185 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
186 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
187 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
188 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
191 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
192 # called for /foo/bar
193 sub bar : Local { ... }
195 # called for /blargle
196 sub blargle : Global { ... }
198 # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
199 sub index : Private { ... }
201 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
202 # called for /foo/bar/baz
203 sub baz : Local { ... }
205 # first Root auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
206 sub auto : Private { ... }
208 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
209 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
210 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
211 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
212 my $product = $c->req->captures->[0];
215 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
219 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
220 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
221 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
222 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
224 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
226 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
227 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
228 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
231 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
233 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
234 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
238 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
241 Special flags like C<-Debug> and C<-Engine> can also be specified as
242 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
244 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
246 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
247 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
249 The following flags are supported:
253 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
254 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
255 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
260 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine. Omit the
261 C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
263 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
267 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
269 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
271 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
272 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
273 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
274 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
275 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
279 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
281 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
285 Enables statistics collection and reporting. You can also force this setting
286 from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS or <MYAPP>_STATS. The
287 environment settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_STATS having the
292 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/
296 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
300 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
301 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
305 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
306 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
308 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
309 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
315 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
316 information about the current client request (including parameters,
317 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
319 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
321 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
323 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
325 Forwards processing to another action, by its private name. If you give a
326 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
327 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
328 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
329 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
331 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
334 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
335 $c->forward('index');
336 $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
337 $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
339 Note that L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >> implies
340 an C<< eval { } >> around the call (actually
341 L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus de-fatalizing
342 all 'dies' within the called action. If you want C<die> to propagate you
343 need to do something like:
346 die $c->error if $c->error;
348 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
351 $c->forward('foo') || return;
353 Another note is that C<< $c->forward >> always returns a scalar because it
354 actually returns $c->state which operates in a scalar context.
355 Thus, something like:
359 in an action that is forwarded to is going to return a scalar,
360 i.e. how many items are in that array, which is probably not what you want.
361 If you need to return an array then return a reference to it,
364 $c->stash->{array} = \@array;
366 and access it from the stash.
370 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
372 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
374 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
378 The same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, but
379 doesn't return to the previous action when processing is finished.
381 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
385 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
387 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
389 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
391 Almost the same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>,
392 but does a full dispatch, instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
393 C<< $class->$method >>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the method
394 you go to are called, just like a new request.
396 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
397 This means, for example, that C<< $c->action >> methods such as
398 L<name|Catalyst::Action/name>, L<class|Catalyst::Action/class> and
399 L<reverse|Catalyst::Action/reverse> return information for the visited action
400 when they are invoked within the visited action. This is different from the
401 behavior of L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, which
402 continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
403 invoked from the callee.
405 C<< $c->stash >> is kept unchanged.
407 In effect, L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >>
408 allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it would have been called by
409 dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
410 L<< go|/"$c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> allows you to
411 transfer control to another action as if it had been reached directly from a URL.
415 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
417 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
419 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
421 The relationship between C<go> and
422 L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> is the same as
423 the relationship between
424 L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )" >> and
425 L<< detach|/"$c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>. Like C<< $c->visit >>,
426 C<< $c->go >> will perform a full dispatch on the specified action or method,
427 with localized C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >>. Like C<detach>,
428 C<go> escapes the processing of the current request chain on completion, and
429 does not return to its caller.
433 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
439 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
443 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
444 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
445 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
446 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
447 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
448 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
451 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
452 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
453 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
455 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
456 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
460 around stash => sub {
463 my $stash = $orig->($c);
465 my $new_stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
466 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $new_stash;
467 foreach my $key ( keys %$new_stash ) {
468 $stash->{$key} = $new_stash->{$key};
478 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
480 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
482 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
483 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
484 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
486 my @error = @{ $c->error };
490 $c->error('Something bad happened');
497 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
498 croak @$error unless ref $c;
499 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
501 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
502 return $c->{error} || [];
508 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
509 Note that << $c->state >> operates in a scalar context which means that all
510 values it returns are scalar.
512 =head2 $c->clear_errors
514 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
515 implementing a custom error screen.
517 This is equivalent to running
528 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
530 return map $c->components->{ $_ }, $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes(@_);
533 # search components given a name and some prefixes
534 sub _comp_names_search_prefixes {
535 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
536 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
537 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
538 $filter = qr/$filter/; # Compile regex now rather than once per loop
540 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
541 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
542 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
544 # undef for a name will return all
545 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
547 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
548 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
550 return @result if @result;
552 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
555 # skip regexp fallback if configured
557 if $appclass->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
561 @result = grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
563 # no results? try against full names
565 @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
568 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
570 # Disgusting hack to work out correct method name
571 my $warn_for = lc $prefixes[0];
572 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), which found '" .
573 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
574 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
575 my $short = $result[0];
576 # remove the component namespace prefix
577 $short =~ s/.*?(Model|Controller|View):://;
578 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
579 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
580 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
582 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
583 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
584 "component's config";
586 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->${warn_for}('$short') instead of \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), " .
587 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
588 "like so: \$c->${warn_for}(qr/${name}/)";
590 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
596 # Find possible names for a prefix
598 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
599 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
601 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
603 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; }
604 $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
609 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
610 sub _filter_component {
611 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
613 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
614 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
620 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
622 =head2 $c->controller($name)
624 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
626 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
628 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
631 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
633 # find all controllers that start with Foo
634 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
640 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
643 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
644 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
645 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
648 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
651 =head2 $c->model($name)
653 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
655 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
657 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
659 If the name is omitted, it will look for
660 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
661 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
662 - a config setting 'default_model', or
663 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
665 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
667 # find all models that start with Foo
668 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
673 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
674 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
676 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
677 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
678 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
682 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
683 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
684 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
685 if $c->stash->{current_model};
687 return $c->model( $appclass->config->{default_model} )
688 if $appclass->config->{default_model};
690 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
693 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
694 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_model => "the name of the default model to use")' );
695 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
696 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
697 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
700 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
704 =head2 $c->view($name)
706 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
708 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
710 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
712 If the name is omitted, it will look for
713 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
714 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
715 - a config setting 'default_view', or
716 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
718 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
720 # find all views that start with Foo
721 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
726 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
728 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
730 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
731 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
732 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
736 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
737 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
738 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
739 if $c->stash->{current_view};
741 return $c->view( $appclass->config->{default_view} )
742 if $appclass->config->{default_view};
744 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
747 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
748 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_view => "the name of the default view to use")' );
749 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
750 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
751 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
754 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
757 =head2 $c->controllers
759 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
765 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
770 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
776 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
782 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
788 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
791 =head2 $c->comp($name)
793 =head2 $c->component($name)
795 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
796 unless you want to get a specific component by full
797 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
798 should be used instead.
800 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
801 component name will be returned.
803 If Catalyst can't find a component by name, it will fallback to regex
804 matching by default. To disable this behaviour set
805 disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback to a true value.
807 __PACKAGE__->config( { disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback => 1 } );
812 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
815 my $comps = $c->components;
818 # is it the exact name?
819 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
820 if exists $comps->{ $name };
822 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
823 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
824 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
825 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
827 # search all of the models, views and controllers
828 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
829 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
832 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
833 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
835 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
836 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
839 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
840 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
841 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
842 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
845 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
849 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
852 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
856 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
858 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
860 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or L<Config::General> config file
861 like C<myapp.conf> in your applications home directory. See
862 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
864 =head3 Cascading configuration
866 The config method is present on all Catalyst components, and configuration
867 will be merged when an application is started. Configuration loaded with
868 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> takes precedence over other configuration,
869 followed by configuration in your top level C<MyApp> class. These two
870 configurations are merged, and then configuration data whose hash key matches a
871 component name is merged with configuration for that component.
873 The configuration for a component is then passed to the C<new> method when a
874 component is constructed.
878 MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
879 MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', 'overrides => 'this' });
881 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
884 MyApp::Model::Foo->new({
892 around config => sub {
896 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
897 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
904 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
905 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
906 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
907 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
909 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
914 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
916 Your log class should implement the methods described in
922 Returns 1 if debug mode is enabled, 0 otherwise.
924 You can enable debug mode in several ways:
928 =item By calling myapp_server.pl with the -d flag
930 =item With the environment variables MYAPP_DEBUG, or CATALYST_DEBUG
932 =item The -Debug option in your MyApp.pm
934 =item By declaring C<sub debug { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm.
938 Calling C<< $c->debug(1) >> has no effect.
944 =head2 $c->dispatcher
946 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
950 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
953 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
955 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
957 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
958 L<Path::Class::Dir> object. Note you can usually use this object as
959 a filename, but sometimes you will have to explicitly stringify it
960 yourself by calling the C<< ->stringify >> method.
964 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
969 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
970 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
971 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
972 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
975 =head2 $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
977 Helper method for plugins. It creates a class data accessor/mutator and
978 loads and instantiates the given class.
980 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
982 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
984 B<Note:> This method of adding plugins is deprecated. The ability
985 to add plugins like this B<will be removed> in a Catalyst 5.81.
986 Please do not use this functionality in new code.
991 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
993 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
994 $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in Catalyst 5.81/);
996 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
998 eval { $plugin->import };
999 $class->mk_classdata($name);
1001 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
1004 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1005 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1008 $class->$name($obj);
1009 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
1015 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
1016 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
1017 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
1021 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
1026 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1027 croak('Running setup more than once')
1028 if ( $class->setup_finished );
1030 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
1032 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1033 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
1036 if ( $class->arguments ) {
1037 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
1043 foreach (@arguments) {
1047 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
1049 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
1050 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
1053 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
1057 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
1059 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
1060 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
1061 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
1062 $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
1063 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
1065 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
1067 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
1068 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
1071 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
1075 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
1076 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
1077 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
1078 You are running an old script!
1080 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
1081 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
1083 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
1084 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
1089 if ( $class->debug ) {
1090 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
1093 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1094 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1095 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
1096 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1099 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
1100 my $engine = $class->engine;
1101 my $home = $class->config->{home};
1103 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1104 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1108 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1109 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1110 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1113 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1114 # Also screws C3 badly on 5.10, hack to avoid.
1116 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1117 local *setup = sub { };
1118 $class->setup unless $Catalyst::__AM_RESTARTING;
1121 # Initialize our data structure
1122 $class->components( {} );
1124 $class->setup_components;
1126 if ( $class->debug ) {
1127 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1128 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1129 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1130 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1131 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1133 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1134 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1137 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1138 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1139 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1142 $class->setup_actions;
1144 if ( $class->debug ) {
1145 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1146 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1148 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1150 # Make sure that the application class becomes immutable at this point,
1151 B::Hooks::EndOfScope::on_scope_end {
1153 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
1156 && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
1158 $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast')
1159 || $class->isa('Class::Accessor')
1162 warn "You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
1163 . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
1164 . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
1165 . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
1166 . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n";
1168 $meta->make_immutable(
1169 replace_constructor => 1,
1170 ) unless $meta->is_immutable;
1173 $class->setup_finalize;
1177 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1179 A hook to attach modifiers to.
1180 Using C<< after setup => sub{}; >> doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1181 Also better than C< setup_finished(); >, as that is a getter method.
1183 sub setup_finalize {
1187 ## do stuff, i.e., determine a primary key column for sessions stored in a DB
1189 $app->next::method(@_);
1196 sub setup_finalize {
1198 $class->setup_finished(1);
1201 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path, @args?, \%query_values? )
1203 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1205 Constructs an absolute L<URI> object based on the application root, the
1206 provided path, and the additional arguments and query parameters provided.
1207 When used as a string, provides a textual URI.
1209 If the first argument is a string, it is taken as a public URI path relative
1210 to C<< $c->namespace >> (if it doesn't begin with a forward slash) or
1211 relative to the application root (if it does). It is then merged with
1212 C<< $c->request->base >>; any C<@args> are appended as additional path
1213 components; and any C<%query_values> are appended as C<?foo=bar> parameters.
1215 If the first argument is a L<Catalyst::Action> it represents an action which
1216 will have its path resolved using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >>. The
1217 optional C<\@captures> argument (an arrayref) allows passing the captured
1218 variables that are needed to fill in the paths of Chained and Regex actions;
1219 once the path is resolved, C<uri_for> continues as though a path was
1220 provided, appending any arguments or parameters and creating an absolute
1223 The captures for the current request can be found in
1224 C<< $c->request->captures >>, and actions can be resolved using
1225 C<< Catalyst::Controller->action_for($name) >>. If you have a private action
1226 path, use C<< $c->uri_for_action >> instead.
1228 # Equivalent to $c->req->uri
1229 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures,
1230 @{ $c->req->args }, $c->req->params);
1232 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1233 $c->uri_for($c->controller('Bar')->action_for('Foo'));
1235 # Path to a static resource
1236 $c->uri_for('/static/images/logo.png');
1241 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1243 if (blessed($path) && $path->isa('Catalyst::Controller')) {
1244 $path = $path->path_prefix;
1249 if ( blessed($path) ) { # action object
1250 my $captures = ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1254 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
1255 if (not defined $path) {
1256 $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
1260 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1263 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1266 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1268 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1269 s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go for @args;
1271 unshift(@args, $path);
1273 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1274 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1275 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1276 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1278 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1281 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1282 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1283 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1285 my $base = $c->req->base;
1286 my $class = ref($base);
1287 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1291 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1292 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1293 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1294 my $val = $params->{$_};
1295 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1298 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1301 utf8::encode( $param ) if utf8::is_utf8($param);
1302 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1303 $param =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1305 "${key}=$param"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1309 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1313 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1315 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1321 A private path to the Catalyst action you want to create a URI for.
1323 This is a shortcut for calling C<< $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path)
1324 >> and passing the resulting C<$action> and the remaining arguments to C<<
1327 You can also pass in a Catalyst::Action object, in which case it is passed to
1334 sub uri_for_action {
1335 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1336 my $action = blessed($path)
1338 : $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path);
1339 unless (defined $action) {
1340 croak "Can't find action for path '$path'";
1342 return $c->uri_for( $action, @args );
1345 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1347 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1351 sub welcome_message {
1353 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1354 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1355 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1356 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1358 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1359 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1360 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1362 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1363 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1364 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1365 <style type="text/css">
1368 background-color: #eee;
1375 margin-bottom: 10px;
1377 background-color: #ccc;
1378 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1383 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1386 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1389 text-decoration: none;
1391 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1393 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1406 background-color: #fff;
1407 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1411 font-weight: normal;
1433 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1438 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1440 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1441 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1442 framework will make web development something you had
1443 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1444 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1445 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1446 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1447 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1448 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1449 <pre>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1451 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1453 <code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1454 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1456 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1457 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1458 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
1459 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a>, and
1460 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>;
1461 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1462 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl -help</code></pre>
1463 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1464 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1465 you are likely to find what you need there.
1469 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1470 get in touch with us.</p>
1473 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1476 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1479 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1482 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1483 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1484 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1485 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1493 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1495 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1497 =head2 $c->components
1499 Returns a hash of components.
1501 =head2 $c->context_class
1503 Returns or sets the context class.
1507 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1508 deep recursion detection).
1512 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1516 Dispatches a request to actions.
1520 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1522 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1524 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1526 =head2 $c->dump_these
1528 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1529 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1535 [ Request => $c->req ],
1536 [ Response => $c->res ],
1537 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1538 [ Config => $c->config ];
1541 =head2 $c->engine_class
1543 Returns or sets the engine class.
1545 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1547 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1553 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1554 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1557 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1558 my $action = $code->reverse();
1559 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1560 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1561 $c->log->error($error);
1567 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1569 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1571 no warnings 'recursion';
1572 eval { $c->state( $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0 ) };
1574 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1576 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1578 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1579 if ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Detach') ) {
1580 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 1;
1582 elsif ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Go') ) {
1583 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 0;
1586 unless ( ref $error ) {
1587 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1589 my $class = $last->class;
1590 my $name = $last->name;
1591 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1600 sub _stats_start_execute {
1601 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1602 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
1603 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1604 && ( !$appclass->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1606 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1607 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1609 my $action = $action_name;
1610 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1612 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1613 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1614 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1616 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1618 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1619 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1621 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1622 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1623 $action = "-> $action";
1628 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1630 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1631 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1633 # forward, locate the caller
1634 if ( my $parent = $c->stack->[-1] ) {
1637 parent => "$parent" . ($c->counter->{"$parent"} || 0),
1643 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1662 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1663 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1664 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1669 Finalizes the request.
1676 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1677 $c->log->error($error);
1680 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1681 my $engine = $c->engine;
1682 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
1687 $c->finalize_uploads;
1690 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1694 $c->finalize_headers;
1697 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
1698 $c->response->body('');
1704 if ($c->use_stats) {
1705 my $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $c->stats->elapsed;
1706 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1708 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1711 return $c->response->status;
1714 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1720 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1722 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1728 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1730 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1736 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1738 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1744 sub finalize_headers {
1747 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
1749 # Check if we already finalized headers
1750 return if $response->finalized_headers;
1753 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
1754 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1755 $response->header( Location => $location );
1757 if ( !$response->has_body ) {
1758 # Add a default body if none is already present
1760 qq{<html><body><p>This item has moved <a href="$location">here</a>.</p></body></html>}
1766 if ( $response->body && !$response->content_length ) {
1768 # get the length from a filehandle
1769 if ( blessed( $response->body ) && $response->body->can('read') )
1771 my $stat = stat $response->body;
1772 if ( $stat && $stat->size > 0 ) {
1773 $response->content_length( $stat->size );
1776 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1780 # everything should be bytes at this point, but just in case
1781 $response->content_length( bytes::length( $response->body ) );
1786 if ( $response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1787 $response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1788 $response->body('');
1791 $c->finalize_cookies;
1793 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1796 $response->finalized_headers(1);
1799 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1801 An alias for finalize_body.
1803 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1805 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1809 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1811 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1813 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1817 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1819 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1821 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1825 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1827 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1829 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1834 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1836 =head2 $c->handle_request( $class, @arguments )
1838 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1842 sub handle_request {
1843 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1845 # Always expect worst case!
1848 if ($class->debug) {
1849 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1850 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1851 my $time = localtime time;
1852 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
1855 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1857 $status = $c->finalize;
1860 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1862 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1867 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
1868 $class->log->$coderef();
1873 =head2 $c->prepare( @arguments )
1875 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
1881 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1884 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
1885 # into the application.
1886 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
1888 my $c = $class->context_class->new({});
1890 # For on-demand data
1891 $c->request->_context($c);
1892 $c->response->_context($c);
1894 #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
1895 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
1897 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
1900 #XXX reuse coderef from can
1901 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
1902 if ( $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
1903 $c->engine->prepare( $c, @arguments );
1906 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
1907 $c->prepare_connection;
1908 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
1909 $c->prepare_headers;
1910 $c->prepare_cookies;
1913 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
1914 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
1917 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
1918 unless ( ref($c)->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
1923 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
1924 my $path = $c->req->path;
1925 $path = '/' unless length $path;
1926 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
1928 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/)
1936 =head2 $c->prepare_action
1938 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1942 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
1944 =head2 $c->prepare_body
1946 Prepares message body.
1953 return if $c->request->_has_body;
1955 # Initialize on-demand data
1956 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
1957 $c->prepare_parameters;
1958 $c->prepare_uploads;
1960 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1961 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1962 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1963 my $param = $c->req->body_parameters->{$key};
1964 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1966 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1968 $c->log->debug( "Body Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1972 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
1974 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
1976 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1980 sub prepare_body_chunk {
1982 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
1985 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
1987 Prepares body parameters.
1991 sub prepare_body_parameters {
1993 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
1996 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
1998 Prepares connection.
2002 sub prepare_connection {
2004 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
2007 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
2013 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
2015 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
2021 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
2023 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
2025 Prepares parameters.
2029 sub prepare_parameters {
2031 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
2032 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
2035 =head2 $c->prepare_path
2037 Prepares path and base.
2041 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
2043 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
2045 Prepares query parameters.
2049 sub prepare_query_parameters {
2052 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
2054 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->query_parameters } ) {
2055 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
2056 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->query_parameters } ) {
2057 my $param = $c->req->query_parameters->{$key};
2058 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
2060 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
2062 $c->log->debug( "Query Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
2066 =head2 $c->prepare_read
2068 Prepares the input for reading.
2072 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
2074 =head2 $c->prepare_request
2076 Prepares the engine request.
2080 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
2082 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
2088 sub prepare_uploads {
2091 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
2093 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
2094 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
2095 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
2100 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
2101 my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{$key};
2102 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
2103 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
2106 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
2110 =head2 $c->prepare_write
2112 Prepares the output for writing.
2116 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
2118 =head2 $c->request_class
2120 Returns or sets the request class.
2122 =head2 $c->response_class
2124 Returns or sets the response class.
2126 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
2128 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
2129 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
2130 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
2132 You have to set C<< MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1) >> to use this
2135 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
2136 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
2137 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
2141 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
2149 sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
2151 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2153 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2157 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2159 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2161 Sets up actions for a component.
2165 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2167 =head2 $c->setup_components
2169 This method is called internally to set up the application's components.
2171 It finds modules by calling the L<locate_components> method, expands them to
2172 package names with the L<expand_component_module> method, and then installs
2173 each component into the application.
2175 The C<setup_components> config option is passed to both of the above methods.
2177 Installation of each component is performed by the L<setup_component> method,
2182 sub setup_components {
2185 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2187 my @comps = sort { length $a <=> length $b }
2188 $class->locate_components($config);
2189 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2191 my $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names = grep { /::[CMV]::/ } @comps;
2192 $class->log->warn(qq{Your application is using the deprecated ::[MVC]:: type naming scheme.\n}.
2193 qq{Please switch your class names to ::Model::, ::View:: and ::Controller: as appropriate.\n}
2194 ) if $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names;
2196 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2198 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2199 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2200 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2202 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2204 # Needs to be done as soon as the component is loaded, as loading a sub-component
2205 # (next time round the loop) can cause us to get the wrong metaclass..
2206 $class->_controller_init_base_classes($component);
2209 for my $component (@comps) {
2210 $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2211 for my $component ($class->expand_component_module( $component, $config )) {
2212 next if $comps{$component};
2213 $class->_controller_init_base_classes($component); # Also cover inner packages
2214 $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2219 =head2 $c->locate_components( $setup_component_config )
2221 This method is meant to provide a list of component modules that should be
2222 setup for the application. By default, it will use L<Module::Pluggable>.
2224 Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass additional options directly
2225 to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional search paths, specify a key named
2226 C<search_extra> as an array reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::>
2227 will have the application class name prepended to them.
2231 sub locate_components {
2235 my @paths = qw( ::Controller ::C ::Model ::M ::View ::V );
2236 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2238 push @paths, @$extra;
2240 my $locator = Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2241 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } @paths ],
2245 my @comps = $locator->plugins;
2250 =head2 $c->expand_component_module( $component, $setup_component_config )
2252 Components found by C<locate_components> will be passed to this method, which
2253 is expected to return a list of component (package) names to be set up.
2257 sub expand_component_module {
2258 my ($class, $module) = @_;
2259 return Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $module );
2262 =head2 $c->setup_component
2266 # FIXME - Ugly, ugly hack to ensure the we force initialize non-moose base classes
2267 # nearest to Catalyst::Controller first, no matter what order stuff happens
2268 # to be loaded. There are TODO tests in Moose for this, see
2269 # f2391d17574eff81d911b97be15ea51080500003
2270 sub _controller_init_base_classes {
2271 my ($app_class, $component) = @_;
2272 return unless $component->isa('Catalyst::Controller');
2273 foreach my $class ( reverse @{ mro::get_linear_isa($component) } ) {
2274 Moose::Meta::Class->initialize( $class )
2275 unless find_meta($class);
2279 sub setup_component {
2280 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2282 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2286 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2287 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2288 # Stash catalyst_component_name in the config here, so that custom COMPONENT
2289 # methods also pass it. local to avoid pointlessly shitting in config
2290 # for the debug screen, as $component is already the key name.
2291 local $config->{catalyst_component_name} = $component;
2293 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2295 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2297 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2298 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2302 unless (blessed $instance) {
2303 my $metaclass = Moose::Util::find_meta($component);
2304 my $method_meta = $metaclass->find_method_by_name('COMPONENT');
2305 my $component_method_from = $method_meta->associated_metaclass->name;
2306 my $value = defined($instance) ? $instance : 'undef';
2307 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2309 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", COMPONENT() method (from $component_method_from) didn't return an object-like value (value was $value)./
2315 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2321 sub setup_dispatcher {
2322 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2325 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2328 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2329 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2332 unless ($dispatcher) {
2333 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2336 Class::MOP::load_class($dispatcher);
2338 # dispatcher instance
2339 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2342 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2349 my ( $class, $engine ) = @_;
2352 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine;
2355 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'ENGINE' ) ) {
2356 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $env;
2359 if ( $ENV{MOD_PERL} ) {
2360 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
2362 # create the apache method
2363 $meta->add_method('apache' => sub { shift->engine->apache });
2365 my ( $software, $version ) =
2366 $ENV{MOD_PERL} =~ /^(\S+)\/(\d+(?:[\.\_]\d+)+)/;
2369 $version =~ s/(\.[^.]+)\./$1/g;
2371 if ( $software eq 'mod_perl' ) {
2375 if ( $version >= 1.99922 ) {
2376 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20';
2379 elsif ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
2380 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19';
2383 elsif ( $version >= 1.24 ) {
2384 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13';
2388 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
2389 qq/Unsupported mod_perl version: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
2394 # install the correct mod_perl handler
2395 if ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
2396 *handler = sub : method {
2397 shift->handle_request(@_);
2401 *handler = sub ($$) { shift->handle_request(@_) };
2406 elsif ( $software eq 'Zeus-Perl' ) {
2407 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Zeus';
2411 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2412 message => qq/Unsupported mod_perl: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
2417 $engine = $class->engine_class;
2420 Class::MOP::load_class($engine);
2422 # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
2424 if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
2425 && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
2430 elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
2431 && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
2436 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
2437 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2442 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
2443 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2449 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
2450 qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
2455 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2458 =head2 $c->setup_home
2460 Sets up the home directory.
2465 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2467 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
2471 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2474 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
2475 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2476 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2480 =head2 $c->setup_log
2482 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
2483 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
2486 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
2487 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
2488 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
2490 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
2491 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
2492 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
2497 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
2500 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
2501 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
2502 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels;
2504 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
2505 if ( defined $env_debug ) {
2506 $levels{debug} = 1 if $env_debug; # Ugly!
2507 delete($levels{debug}) unless $env_debug;
2510 unless ( $class->log ) {
2511 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
2514 if ( $levels{debug} ) {
2515 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
2516 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2520 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2526 =head2 $c->setup_stats
2528 Sets up timing statistics class.
2533 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
2535 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
2537 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
2538 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
2539 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
2540 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
2545 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
2547 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
2548 import list or which have been added via C<< MyApp->plugin(@args); >>.
2550 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
2551 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
2552 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
2554 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
2562 sub registered_plugins {
2564 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
2566 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
2567 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
2570 sub _register_plugin {
2571 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
2572 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
2574 Class::MOP::load_class( $plugin );
2576 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
2579 if ( my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class) ) {
2580 my @superclasses = ($plugin, $meta->superclasses );
2581 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
2583 unshift @{"$class\::ISA"}, $plugin;
2590 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
2592 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
2595 my @plugins = Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace($class . '::Plugin', 'Catalyst::Plugin', @$plugins);
2597 for my $plugin ( reverse @plugins ) {
2598 Class::MOP::load_class($plugin);
2599 my $meta = find_meta($plugin);
2600 next if $meta && $meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role');
2602 $class->_register_plugin($plugin);
2607 grep { $_ && blessed($_) && $_->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
2608 map { find_meta($_) }
2611 Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(
2619 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
2620 currently executing).
2622 =head2 $c->stats_class
2624 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class.
2626 =head2 $c->use_stats
2628 Returns 1 when stats collection is enabled. Stats collection is enabled
2629 when the -Stats options is set, debug is on or when the <MYAPP>_STATS
2630 environment variable is set.
2632 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overridden
2633 by declaring C<sub use_stats { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm, not by calling C<< $c->use_stats(1) >>.
2640 =head2 $c->write( $data )
2642 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
2643 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
2644 your output data, if known.
2651 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
2652 $c->finalize_headers;
2654 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
2659 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
2660 messages in template systems.
2664 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
2666 =head1 CONFIGURATION
2668 # TODO include things like 'current_view' and maybe reiterate things like 'name' too
2670 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
2672 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
2673 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
2674 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
2676 MyApp->config(show_internal_actions => 1);
2678 =head1 CASE SENSITIVITY
2680 By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> is
2681 mapped to C</foo/bar>. You can activate case sensitivity with a config
2684 MyApp->config(case_sensitive => 1);
2686 This causes C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> to map to C</Foo/Bar>.
2688 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
2690 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
2691 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
2692 parsing with a config parameter.
2694 MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1);
2696 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
2698 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
2699 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
2700 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
2701 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
2702 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
2703 virtual host that the user connected through.
2705 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
2706 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
2707 changes are made to the request.
2709 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
2710 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
2712 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
2713 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
2715 Additionally, you may be running your backend application on an insecure
2716 connection (port 80) while your frontend proxy is running under SSL. If there
2717 is a discrepancy in the ports, use the HTTP header C<X-Forwarded-Port> to
2718 tell Catalyst what port the frontend listens on. This will allow all URIs to
2719 be created properly.
2721 In the case of passing in:
2723 X-Forwarded-Port: 443
2725 All calls to C<uri_for> will result in an https link, as is expected.
2727 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
2729 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
2730 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
2731 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
2734 MyApp->config(using_frontend_proxy => 1);
2736 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
2738 MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 1);
2740 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
2742 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
2743 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
2744 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
2746 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
2747 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
2748 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
2754 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
2758 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
2759 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
2763 http://catalyst.perl.org
2767 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
2771 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
2773 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
2775 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Controller> - Base classes for components
2777 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
2779 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
2781 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
2783 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
2785 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
2787 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
2789 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
2795 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
2797 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
2801 Andrew Ford E<lt>A.Ford@ford-mason.co.ukE<gt>
2805 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2807 audreyt: Audrey Tang
2809 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
2811 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
2813 chansen: Christian Hansen
2815 chicks: Christopher Hicks
2817 Chisel Wright C<pause@herlpacker.co.uk>
2819 Danijel Milicevic C<me@danijel.de>
2821 David Kamholz E<lt>dkamholz@cpan.orgE<gt>
2823 David Naughton, C<naughton@umn.edu>
2827 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
2831 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
2833 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
2835 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
2837 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
2839 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
2843 Gavin Henry C<ghenry@perl.me.uk>
2847 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@gmail.com>
2849 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
2851 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
2853 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
2855 jester: Jesse Sheidlower C<jester@panix.com>
2857 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
2863 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
2865 Jonathan Rockway C<< <jrockway@cpan.org> >>
2867 Kieren Diment C<kd@totaldatasolution.com>
2869 konobi: Scott McWhirter <konobi@cpan.org>
2871 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
2873 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
2875 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2879 naughton: David Naughton
2881 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
2883 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
2885 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
2889 omega: Andreas Marienborg
2891 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
2893 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
2895 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
2897 random: Roland Lammel <lammel@cpan.org>
2899 Robert Sedlacek C<< <rs@474.at> >>
2903 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
2907 Viljo Marrandi C<vilts@yahoo.com>
2909 Will Hawes C<info@whawes.co.uk>
2911 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
2913 Yuval Kogman, C<nothingmuch@woobling.org>
2917 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
2918 the same terms as Perl itself.
2924 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;