4 use Moose::Meta::Class ();
5 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Moose::Util qw/find_meta/;
7 use namespace::clean -except => 'meta';
8 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Exception::Detach;
10 use Catalyst::Exception::Go;
12 use Catalyst::Request;
13 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
14 use Catalyst::Response;
16 use Catalyst::Controller;
18 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
19 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
20 use Text::SimpleTable ();
21 use Path::Class::Dir ();
22 use Path::Class::File ();
27 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
28 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
30 use List::MoreUtils qw/uniq/;
32 use String::RewritePrefix;
33 use Catalyst::EngineLoader;
35 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
38 use Moose::Util 'find_meta';
39 use Plack::Middleware::Conditional;
40 use Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy;
41 use Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix;
42 use Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix;
43 use Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix;
44 use Plack::Middleware::ContentLength;
45 use Plack::Middleware::Head;
46 use Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions;
47 use Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect;
48 use Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride;
49 use Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody;
50 use Catalyst::Middleware::Stash;
52 use Class::Load 'load_class';
53 use Encode 2.21 'decode_utf8', 'encode_utf8';
55 BEGIN { require 5.008003; }
57 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
58 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
59 has stats => (is => 'rw');
60 has action => (is => 'rw');
61 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
66 my $class = ref $self;
67 my $composed_request_class = $class->composed_request_class;
68 return $composed_request_class->new( $self->_build_request_constructor_args);
72 sub _build_request_constructor_args {
74 my %p = ( _log => $self->log );
75 $p{_uploadtmp} = $self->_uploadtmp if $self->_has_uploadtmp;
76 $p{data_handlers} = {$self->registered_data_handlers};
77 $p{_use_hash_multivalue} = $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request}
78 if $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request};
82 sub composed_request_class {
84 return $class->_composed_request_class ||
85 $class->_composed_request_class(Moose::Util::with_traits($class->request_class, @{$class->request_class_traits||[]}));
92 my $class = ref $self;
93 my $composed_response_class = $class->composed_response_class;
94 return $composed_response_class->new( $self->_build_response_constructor_args);
98 sub _build_response_constructor_args {
101 encoding => $_[0]->encoding,
105 sub composed_response_class {
107 return $class->_composed_response_class ||
108 $class->_composed_response_class(Moose::Util::with_traits($class->response_class, @{$class->response_class_traits||[]}));
111 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
113 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
114 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
117 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
120 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
123 # For backwards compatibility
124 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
129 our $RECURSION = 1000;
130 our $DETACH = Catalyst::Exception::Detach->new;
131 our $GO = Catalyst::Exception::Go->new;
133 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
134 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
135 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
136 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
137 engine_loader context_class request_class response_class stats_class
138 setup_finished _psgi_app loading_psgi_file run_options _psgi_middleware
139 _data_handlers _encoding _encode_check finalized_default_middleware
140 request_class_traits response_class_traits stats_class_traits
141 _composed_request_class _composed_response_class _composed_stats_class/;
143 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
144 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
145 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
146 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
148 sub composed_stats_class {
150 return $class->_composed_stats_class ||
151 $class->_composed_stats_class(Moose::Util::with_traits($class->stats_class, @{$class->stats_class_traits||[]}));
154 __PACKAGE__->_encode_check(Encode::FB_CROAK | Encode::LEAVE_SRC);
156 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
157 our $VERSION = '5.90089_001';
158 $VERSION = eval $VERSION if $VERSION =~ /_/; # numify for warning-free dev releases
161 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
163 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
165 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
167 my $caller = caller();
168 return if $caller eq 'main';
170 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
171 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
172 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
173 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
175 # Avoid possible C3 issues if 'Moose::Object' is already on RHS of MyApp
176 $meta->superclasses(grep { $_ ne 'Moose::Object' } $meta->superclasses);
178 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
179 if ($Moose::VERSION >= 1.15) {
180 $meta->_add_meta_method('meta');
183 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
187 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
191 sub _application { $_[0] }
197 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
201 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
202 documentation and tutorials.
204 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
205 # use the helper to create a new application
208 # add models, views, controllers
209 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
210 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
211 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
213 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
214 # --help to see all available options
215 script/myapp_server.pl
217 # command line testing interface
218 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
221 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
223 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
224 sub foo : Chained('/') Args() { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
225 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
226 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
227 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
229 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
230 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
231 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
232 # do something else after forward returns
236 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
237 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
241 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
242 sub bar : Chained('/') PathPart('/bar/of/soap') Args() { ... }
244 # called after all actions are finished
246 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
247 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
248 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
249 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
252 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
256 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
257 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
258 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
259 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
261 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
263 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
264 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
265 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
268 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
270 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
271 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
275 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
278 Special flags like C<-Debug> can also be specified as
279 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
281 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
283 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
284 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
286 The following flags are supported:
290 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
291 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
292 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
295 This sets the log level to 'debug' and enables full debug output on the
296 error screen. If you only want the latter, see L<< $c->debug >>.
300 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
302 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
304 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
305 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
306 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
307 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
308 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
310 If none of these are set, Catalyst will attempt to automatically detect the
311 home directory. If you are working in a development environment, Catalyst
312 will try and find the directory containing either Makefile.PL, Build.PL,
313 dist.ini, or cpanfile. If the application has been installed into the system
314 (i.e. you have done C<make install>), then Catalyst will use the path to your
315 application module, without the .pm extension (e.g., /foo/MyApp if your
316 application was installed at /foo/MyApp.pm)
320 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
322 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
326 Enables statistics collection and reporting.
328 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/;
330 You can also force this setting from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS
331 or <MYAPP>_STATS. The environment settings override the application, with
332 <MYAPP>_STATS having the highest priority.
334 Stats are also enabled if L<< debugging |/"-Debug" >> is enabled.
338 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
342 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
343 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
347 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
348 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
350 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
351 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
357 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
358 information about the current client request (including parameters,
359 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
361 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
363 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
365 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
367 This is one way of calling another action (method) in the same or
368 a different controller. You can also use C<< $self->my_method($c, @args) >>
369 in the same controller or C<< $c->controller('MyController')->my_method($c, @args) >>
370 in a different controller.
371 The main difference is that 'forward' uses some of the Catalyst request
372 cycle overhead, including debugging, which may be useful to you. On the
373 other hand, there are some complications to using 'forward', restrictions
374 on values returned from 'forward', and it may not handle errors as you prefer.
375 Whether you use 'forward' or not is up to you; it is not considered superior to
376 the other ways to call a method.
378 'forward' calls another action, by its private name. If you give a
379 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
380 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
381 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
382 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
384 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
387 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
388 $c->forward('index');
389 $c->forward(qw/Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
390 $c->forward('View::TT');
392 Note that L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >> implies
393 an C<< eval { } >> around the call (actually
394 L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus rendering all
395 exceptions thrown by the called action non-fatal and pushing them onto
396 $c->error instead. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something
400 die join "\n", @{ $c->error } if @{ $c->error };
402 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
405 $c->forward('foo') || return;
407 Another note is that C<< $c->forward >> always returns a scalar because it
408 actually returns $c->state which operates in a scalar context.
409 Thus, something like:
413 in an action that is forwarded to is going to return a scalar,
414 i.e. how many items are in that array, which is probably not what you want.
415 If you need to return an array then return a reference to it,
418 $c->stash->{array} = \@array;
420 and access it from the stash.
422 Keep in mind that the C<end> method used is that of the caller action. So a C<$c-E<gt>detach> inside a forwarded action would run the C<end> method from the original action requested.
426 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
428 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
430 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
434 The same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, but
435 doesn't return to the previous action when processing is finished.
437 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
441 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
443 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@arguments ] )
445 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
447 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
449 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
451 Almost the same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>,
452 but does a full dispatch, instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
453 C<< $class->$method >>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the method
454 you go to are called, just like a new request.
456 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
457 This means, for example, that C<< $c->action >> methods such as
458 L<name|Catalyst::Action/name>, L<class|Catalyst::Action/class> and
459 L<reverse|Catalyst::Action/reverse> return information for the visited action
460 when they are invoked within the visited action. This is different from the
461 behavior of L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, which
462 continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
463 invoked from the called action.
465 C<< $c->stash >> is kept unchanged.
467 In effect, L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >>
468 allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it would have been called by
469 dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
470 L<< go|/"$c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> allows you to
471 transfer control to another action as if it had been reached directly from a URL.
475 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
477 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@arguments ] )
479 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
481 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
483 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
485 The relationship between C<go> and
486 L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> is the same as
487 the relationship between
488 L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )" >> and
489 L<< detach|/"$c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>. Like C<< $c->visit >>,
490 C<< $c->go >> will perform a full dispatch on the specified action or method,
491 with localized C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >>. Like C<detach>,
492 C<go> escapes the processing of the current request chain on completion, and
493 does not return to its caller.
495 @arguments are arguments to the final destination of $action. @captures are
496 arguments to the intermediate steps, if any, on the way to the final sub of
501 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
507 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
511 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
512 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
513 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
514 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
515 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
516 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
519 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
520 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
521 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
523 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
524 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
526 The stash hash is currently stored in the PSGI C<$env> and is managed by
527 L<Catalyst::Middleware::Stash>. Since it's part of the C<$env> items in
528 the stash can be accessed in sub applications mounted under your main
529 L<Catalyst> application. For example if you delegate the response of an
530 action to another L<Catalyst> application, that sub application will have
531 access to all the stash keys of the main one, and if can of course add
532 more keys of its own. However those new keys will not 'bubble' back up
533 to the main application.
535 For more information the best thing to do is to review the test case:
536 t/middleware-stash.t in the distribution /t directory.
542 return Catalyst::Middleware::Stash::get_stash($c->req->env)->(@_);
547 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
549 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
551 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
552 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
553 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
555 my @error = @{ $c->error };
559 $c->error('Something bad happened');
561 Calling this will always return an arrayref (if there are no errors it
562 will be an empty arrayref.
569 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
570 croak @$error unless ref $c;
571 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
573 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
574 return $c->{error} || [];
580 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
581 Note that << $c->state >> operates in a scalar context which means that all
582 values it returns are scalar.
584 =head2 $c->clear_errors
586 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
587 implementing a custom error screen.
589 This is equivalent to running
600 =head2 $c->has_errors
602 Returns true if you have errors
606 sub has_errors { scalar(@{shift->error}) ? 1:0 }
608 =head2 $c->last_error
610 Returns the most recent error in the stack (the one most recently added...)
611 or nothing if there are no errors.
615 sub last_error { my ($err, @errs) = @{shift->error}; return $err }
619 shifts the most recently added error off the error stack and returns if. Returns
620 nothing if there are no more errors.
626 my ($err, @errors) = @{$self->error};
627 $self->{error} = \@errors;
631 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
633 return map $c->components->{ $_ }, $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes(@_);
636 # search components given a name and some prefixes
637 sub _comp_names_search_prefixes {
638 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
639 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
640 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
641 $filter = qr/$filter/; # Compile regex now rather than once per loop
643 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
644 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
645 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
647 # undef for a name will return all
648 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
650 my $query = $name->$_isa('Regexp') ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
651 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
653 return @result if @result;
655 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
656 return if $name->$_isa('Regexp');
658 # skip regexp fallback if configured
660 if $appclass->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
664 @result = grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
666 # no results? try against full names
668 @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
671 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
673 # Disgusting hack to work out correct method name
674 my $warn_for = lc $prefixes[0];
675 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), which found '" .
676 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
677 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
678 my $short = $result[0];
679 # remove the component namespace prefix
680 $short =~ s/.*?(Model|Controller|View):://;
681 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
682 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
683 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
685 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
686 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
687 "component's config";
689 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->${warn_for}('$short') instead of \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), " .
690 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
691 "like so: \$c->${warn_for}(qr/${name}/)";
693 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
699 # Find possible names for a prefix
701 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
702 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
704 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
706 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; }
707 $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
712 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
715 sub _filter_component {
716 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
718 # die "Circular Dependencies Detected." if $tracker{$comp};
720 if(ref $comp eq 'CODE') {
725 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
726 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
729 $c->log->warn("You called component '${\$comp->catalyst_component_name}' with arguments [@args], but this component does not ACCEPT_CONTEXT, so args are ignored.") if scalar(@args) && $c->debug;
734 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
736 =head2 $c->controller($name)
738 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
740 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
742 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
745 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
747 # find all controllers that start with Foo
748 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
754 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
756 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
758 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
759 my $comps = $c->components;
760 my $check = $appclass."::Controller::".$name;
761 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
763 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
764 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
765 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
768 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
771 =head2 $c->model($name)
773 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
775 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
777 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT, if the model
778 defines ACCEPT_CONTEXT. If it does not, the args are discarded.
780 If the name is omitted, it will look for
781 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
782 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
783 - a config setting 'default_model', or
784 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
786 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
788 # find all models that start with Foo
789 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
794 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
795 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
797 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
798 my $comps = $c->components;
799 my $check = $appclass."::Model::".$name;
800 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
802 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
803 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
804 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
808 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
809 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
810 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
811 if $c->stash->{current_model};
813 return $c->model( $appclass->config->{default_model} )
814 if $appclass->config->{default_model};
816 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
819 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
820 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_model => "the name of the default model to use")' );
821 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
822 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
823 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
826 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
830 =head2 $c->view($name)
832 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
834 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
836 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
838 If the name is omitted, it will look for
839 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
840 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
841 - a config setting 'default_view', or
842 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
844 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
846 # find all views that start with Foo
847 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
852 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
854 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
856 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
857 my $comps = $c->components;
858 my $check = $appclass."::View::".$name;
859 if( exists $comps->{$check} ) {
860 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args );
863 $c->log->warn( "Attempted to use view '$check', but does not exist" );
866 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
867 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
868 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
872 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
873 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
874 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
875 if $c->stash->{current_view};
877 return $c->view( $appclass->config->{default_view} )
878 if $appclass->config->{default_view};
880 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
883 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
884 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_view => "the name of the default view to use")' );
885 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
886 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
887 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
890 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
893 =head2 $c->controllers
895 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
901 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
906 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
912 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
918 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
924 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
927 =head2 $c->comp($name)
929 =head2 $c->component($name)
931 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
932 unless you want to get a specific component by full
933 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
934 should be used instead.
936 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
937 component name will be returned.
939 If Catalyst can't find a component by name, it will fallback to regex
940 matching by default. To disable this behaviour set
941 disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback to a true value.
943 __PACKAGE__->config( disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback => 1 );
948 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
951 my $comps = $c->components;
954 # is it the exact name?
955 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
956 if exists $comps->{ $name };
958 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
959 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
960 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
961 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
963 # search all of the models, views and controllers
964 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
965 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
969 if $c->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
971 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
972 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
974 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
975 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
978 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
979 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
980 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
981 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
984 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
988 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
991 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
995 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
997 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
999 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or L<Config::General> config file
1000 like C<myapp.conf> in your applications home directory. See
1001 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
1003 =head3 Cascading configuration
1005 The config method is present on all Catalyst components, and configuration
1006 will be merged when an application is started. Configuration loaded with
1007 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> takes precedence over other configuration,
1008 followed by configuration in your top level C<MyApp> class. These two
1009 configurations are merged, and then configuration data whose hash key matches a
1010 component name is merged with configuration for that component.
1012 The configuration for a component is then passed to the C<new> method when a
1013 component is constructed.
1017 MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
1018 MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', overrides => 'this' });
1020 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
1023 MyApp::Model::Foo->new({
1029 It's common practice to use a Moose attribute
1030 on the receiving component to access the config value.
1032 package MyApp::Model::Foo;
1036 # this attr will receive 'baz' at construction time
1042 You can then get the value 'baz' by calling $c->model('Foo')->bar
1043 (or $self->bar inside code in the model).
1045 B<NOTE:> you MUST NOT call C<< $self->config >> or C<< __PACKAGE__->config >>
1046 as a way of reading config within your code, as this B<will not> give you the
1047 correctly merged config back. You B<MUST> take the config values supplied to
1048 the constructor and use those instead.
1052 around config => sub {
1056 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
1057 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
1064 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
1065 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
1066 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
1067 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
1069 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
1074 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
1076 Your log class should implement the methods described in
1081 Returned True if there's a valid encoding
1083 =head2 clear_encoding
1085 Clears the encoding for the current context
1089 Sets or gets the application encoding. Setting encoding takes either an
1090 Encoding object or a string that we try to resolve via L<Encode::find_encoding>.
1092 You would expect to get the encoding object back if you attempt to set it. If
1093 there is a failure you will get undef returned and an error message in the log.
1097 sub has_encoding { shift->encoding ? 1:0 }
1099 sub clear_encoding {
1102 $c->encoding(undef);
1104 $c->log->error("You can't clear encoding on the application");
1114 # Don't let one change this once we are too far into the response
1115 if(blessed $c && $c->res->finalized_headers) {
1116 Carp::croak("You may not change the encoding once the headers are finalized");
1120 # Let it be set to undef
1121 if (my $wanted = shift) {
1122 $encoding = Encode::find_encoding($wanted)
1123 or Carp::croak( qq/Unknown encoding '$wanted'/ );
1124 binmode(STDERR, ':encoding(' . $encoding->name . ')');
1131 ? $c->{encoding} = $encoding
1132 : $c->_encoding($encoding);
1134 $encoding = ref $c && exists $c->{encoding}
1144 Returns 1 if debug mode is enabled, 0 otherwise.
1146 You can enable debug mode in several ways:
1150 =item By calling myapp_server.pl with the -d flag
1152 =item With the environment variables MYAPP_DEBUG, or CATALYST_DEBUG
1154 =item The -Debug option in your MyApp.pm
1156 =item By declaring C<sub debug { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm.
1160 The first three also set the log level to 'debug'.
1162 Calling C<< $c->debug(1) >> has no effect.
1168 =head2 $c->dispatcher
1170 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1174 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1177 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
1179 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
1181 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
1182 L<Path::Class::Dir> object. Note you can usually use this object as
1183 a filename, but sometimes you will have to explicitly stringify it
1184 yourself by calling the C<< ->stringify >> method.
1188 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
1193 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
1194 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
1195 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
1196 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
1200 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
1202 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
1203 $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in a future release/);
1205 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
1207 eval { $plugin->import };
1208 $class->mk_classdata($name);
1210 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
1213 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1214 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1217 $class->$name($obj);
1218 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
1224 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
1225 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
1226 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
1230 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
1232 B<Note:> You B<should not> wrap this method with method modifiers
1233 or bad things will happen - wrap the C<setup_finalize> method instead.
1235 B<Note:> You can create a custom setup stage that will execute when the
1236 application is starting. Use this to customize setup.
1238 MyApp->setup(-Custom=value);
1241 my ($class, $value) = @_;
1244 Can be handy if you want to hook into the setup phase.
1249 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1250 croak('Running setup more than once')
1251 if ( $class->setup_finished );
1253 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
1255 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1256 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
1259 if ( $class->arguments ) {
1260 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
1266 foreach (@arguments) {
1270 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
1272 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
1273 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
1276 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
1280 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
1282 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
1283 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
1285 $class->setup_data_handlers();
1286 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
1287 if (my $engine = delete $flags->{engine}) {
1288 $class->log->warn("Specifying the engine in ->setup is no longer supported, see Catalyst::Upgrading");
1290 $class->setup_engine();
1291 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
1293 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
1295 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
1296 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
1299 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
1303 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
1304 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
1305 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
1306 You are running an old script!
1308 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
1309 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
1311 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
1312 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
1317 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1318 # Also screws C3 badly on 5.10, hack to avoid.
1320 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1321 local *setup = sub { };
1322 $class->setup unless $Catalyst::__AM_RESTARTING;
1325 # If you are expecting configuration info as part of your setup, it needs
1326 # to get called here and below, since we need the above line to support
1327 # ConfigLoader based configs.
1329 $class->setup_encoding();
1330 $class->setup_middleware();
1332 # Initialize our data structure
1333 $class->components( {} );
1335 $class->setup_components;
1337 if ( $class->debug ) {
1338 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
1341 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1342 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1343 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
1344 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1347 my @middleware = map {
1350 (ref($_) .' '. ($_->can('VERSION') ? $_->VERSION || '' : '')
1351 || '') } $class->registered_middlewares;
1354 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1355 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1356 $t->row($_) for @middleware;
1357 $class->log->debug( "Loaded PSGI Middleware:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1360 my %dh = $class->registered_data_handlers;
1361 if (my @data_handlers = keys %dh) {
1362 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1363 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1364 $t->row($_) for @data_handlers;
1365 $class->log->debug( "Loaded Request Data Handlers:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1368 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
1369 my $engine = $class->engine;
1370 my $home = $class->config->{home};
1372 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1373 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1377 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1378 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1379 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1381 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1382 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1383 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1384 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1385 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1387 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1388 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1391 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1392 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1393 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1396 $class->setup_actions;
1398 if ( $class->debug ) {
1399 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1400 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1403 if ($class->config->{case_sensitive}) {
1404 $class->log->warn($class . "->config->{case_sensitive} is set.");
1405 $class->log->warn("This setting is deprecated and planned to be removed in Catalyst 5.81.");
1408 $class->setup_finalize;
1410 # Flush the log for good measure (in case something turned off 'autoflush' early)
1411 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1413 return $class || 1; # Just in case someone named their Application 0...
1416 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1418 A hook to attach modifiers to. This method does not do anything except set the
1419 C<setup_finished> accessor.
1421 Applying method modifiers to the C<setup> method doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1425 after setup_finalize => sub {
1433 sub setup_finalize {
1435 $class->setup_finished(1);
1438 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1440 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1442 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, [@captures, @args], \%query_values? )
1444 Constructs an absolute L<URI> object based on the application root, the
1445 provided path, and the additional arguments and query parameters provided.
1446 When used as a string, provides a textual URI. If you need more flexibility
1447 than this (i.e. the option to provide relative URIs etc.) see
1448 L<Catalyst::Plugin::SmartURI>.
1450 If no arguments are provided, the URI for the current action is returned.
1451 To return the current action and also provide @args, use
1452 C<< $c->uri_for( $c->action, @args ) >>.
1454 If the first argument is a string, it is taken as a public URI path relative
1455 to C<< $c->namespace >> (if it doesn't begin with a forward slash) or
1456 relative to the application root (if it does). It is then merged with
1457 C<< $c->request->base >>; any C<@args> are appended as additional path
1458 components; and any C<%query_values> are appended as C<?foo=bar> parameters.
1460 If the first argument is a L<Catalyst::Action> it represents an action which
1461 will have its path resolved using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >>. The
1462 optional C<\@captures> argument (an arrayref) allows passing the captured
1463 variables that are needed to fill in the paths of Chained and Regex actions;
1464 once the path is resolved, C<uri_for> continues as though a path was
1465 provided, appending any arguments or parameters and creating an absolute
1468 The captures for the current request can be found in
1469 C<< $c->request->captures >>, and actions can be resolved using
1470 C<< Catalyst::Controller->action_for($name) >>. If you have a private action
1471 path, use C<< $c->uri_for_action >> instead.
1473 # Equivalent to $c->req->uri
1474 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures,
1475 @{ $c->req->args }, $c->req->params);
1477 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1478 $c->uri_for($c->controller('Bar')->action_for('Foo'));
1480 # Path to a static resource
1481 $c->uri_for('/static/images/logo.png');
1483 In general the scheme of the generated URI object will follow the incoming request
1484 however if your targeted action or action chain has the Scheme attribute it will
1487 Also, if the targeted Action or Action chain declares Args/CaptureArgs that have
1488 type constraints, we will require that your proposed URL verify on those declared
1494 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1496 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Controller') ) {
1497 $path = $path->path_prefix;
1502 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1505 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1507 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1509 my $target_action = $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Action') ? $path : undef;
1510 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Action') ) { # action object
1511 s|/|%2F|g for @args;
1512 my $captures = [ map { s|/|%2F|g; $_; }
1513 ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1518 my $expanded_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action( $action );
1519 my $num_captures = $expanded_action->number_of_captures;
1521 # ->uri_for( $action, \@captures_and_args, \%query_values? )
1522 if( !@args && $action->number_of_args ) {
1523 unshift @args, splice @$captures, $num_captures;
1527 unless($expanded_action->match_captures_constraints($c, $captures)) {
1528 carp "captures [@{$captures}] do not match the type constraints in actionchain ending with '$expanded_action'";
1533 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
1534 if (not defined $path) {
1535 $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
1539 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1541 # At this point @encoded_args is the remaining Args (all captures removed).
1542 if($expanded_action->has_args_constraints) {
1543 unless($expanded_action->match_args($c,\@args)) {
1544 carp "args [@args] do not match the type constraints in action '$expanded_action'";
1550 unshift(@args, $path);
1552 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1553 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1554 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1555 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1557 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1560 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1561 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1562 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1565 my ($base, $class) = ('/', 'URI::_generic');
1567 $base = $c->req->base;
1568 if($target_action) {
1569 $target_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action($target_action);
1570 if(my $s = $target_action->scheme) {
1575 $class = ref($base);
1578 $class = ref($base);
1581 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1586 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1587 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1588 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1589 my $val = $params->{$_};
1590 #s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go; ## Commented out because seems to lead to double encoding - JNAP
1593 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1596 $param = encode_utf8($param);
1597 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1598 $param =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1601 $key = encode_utf8($key);
1602 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1603 $key =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1606 "${key}=$param"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1610 $base = encode_utf8 $base;
1611 $base =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1612 $args = encode_utf8 $args;
1613 $args =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1615 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1619 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1621 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1627 A private path to the Catalyst action you want to create a URI for.
1629 This is a shortcut for calling C<< $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path)
1630 >> and passing the resulting C<$action> and the remaining arguments to C<<
1633 You can also pass in a Catalyst::Action object, in which case it is passed to
1636 Note that although the path looks like a URI that dispatches to the wanted action, it is not a URI, but an internal path to that action.
1638 For example, if the action looks like:
1640 package MyApp::Controller::Users;
1642 sub lst : Path('the-list') {}
1646 $c->uri_for_action('/users/lst')
1648 and it will create the URI /users/the-list.
1650 =item \@captures_and_args?
1652 Optional array reference of Captures (i.e. C<<CaptureArgs or $c->req->captures>)
1653 and arguments to the request. Usually used with L<Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained>
1654 to interpolate all the parameters in the URI.
1658 Optional list of extra arguments - can be supplied in the
1659 C<< \@captures_and_args? >> array ref, or here - whichever is easier for your
1662 Your action can have zero, a fixed or a variable number of args (e.g.
1663 C<< Args(1) >> for a fixed number or C<< Args() >> for a variable number)..
1665 =item \%query_values?
1667 Optional array reference of query parameters to append. E.g.
1673 /rest/of/your/uri?foo=bar
1679 sub uri_for_action {
1680 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1681 my $action = blessed($path)
1683 : $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path);
1684 unless (defined $action) {
1685 croak "Can't find action for path '$path'";
1687 return $c->uri_for( $action, @args );
1690 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1692 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1696 sub welcome_message {
1698 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1699 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1700 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1701 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1703 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1704 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1705 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1707 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1708 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1709 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1710 <style type="text/css">
1713 background-color: #eee;
1720 margin-bottom: 10px;
1722 background-color: #ccc;
1723 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1728 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1731 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1734 text-decoration: none;
1736 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1738 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1751 background-color: #fff;
1752 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1756 font-weight: normal;
1778 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1783 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1785 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1786 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1787 framework will make web development something you had
1788 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1789 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1790 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1791 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1792 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1793 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1794 <pre>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1796 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1798 <code>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Intro">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1799 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1801 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1802 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1803 helper scripts to generate <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AController">controllers</a>,
1804 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AModel">models</a>, and
1805 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AView">views</a>;
1806 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1807 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl --help</code></pre>
1808 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1809 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1810 you are likely to find what you need there.
1814 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1815 get in touch with us.</p>
1818 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1821 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1824 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1827 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1828 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1829 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1830 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1840 Contains a hash of options passed from the application script, including
1841 the original ARGV the script received, the processed values from that
1842 ARGV and any extra arguments to the script which were not processed.
1844 This can be used to add custom options to your application's scripts
1845 and setup your application differently depending on the values of these
1848 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1850 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1852 =head2 $c->components
1854 Returns a hash of components.
1856 =head2 $c->context_class
1858 Returns or sets the context class.
1862 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1863 deep recursion detection).
1867 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1871 Dispatches a request to actions.
1875 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1877 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1879 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1881 =head2 $c->dump_these
1883 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1884 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1890 [ Request => $c->req ],
1891 [ Response => $c->res ],
1892 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1893 [ Config => $c->config ];
1896 =head2 $c->engine_class
1898 Returns or sets the engine class.
1900 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1902 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1908 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1909 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1912 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1913 my $action = $code->reverse();
1914 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1915 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1916 $c->log->error($error);
1922 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1924 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1926 no warnings 'recursion';
1927 # N.B. This used to be combined, but I have seen $c get clobbered if so, and
1928 # I have no idea how, ergo $ret (which appears to fix the issue)
1929 eval { my $ret = $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0; $c->state( $ret ) };
1931 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1933 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1935 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1936 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
1937 if ( $c->_handle_http_exception($error) ) {
1938 foreach my $err (@{$c->error}) {
1939 $c->log->error($err);
1942 $c->log->_flush if $c->log->can('_flush');
1944 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
1946 if ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Detach') ) {
1947 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 1;
1949 elsif ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Go') ) {
1950 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 0;
1953 unless ( ref $error ) {
1954 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1956 my $class = $last->class;
1957 my $name = $last->name;
1958 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1967 sub _stats_start_execute {
1968 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1969 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
1970 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1971 && ( !$appclass->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1973 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1974 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1976 my $action = $action_name;
1977 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1979 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1980 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1981 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1983 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1985 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1986 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1988 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1989 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1990 $action = "-> $action";
1995 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1997 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1998 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1999 my $parent = $c->stack->[-1];
2001 # forward, locate the caller
2002 if ( defined $parent && exists $c->counter->{"$parent"} ) {
2005 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
2011 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
2030 sub _stats_finish_execute {
2031 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
2032 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
2037 Finalizes the request.
2044 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
2045 $c->log->error($error);
2048 # Support skipping finalize for psgix.io style 'jailbreak'. Used to support
2049 # stuff like cometd and websockets
2051 if($c->request->_has_io_fh) {
2056 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
2057 my $engine = $c->engine;
2058 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
2063 $c->finalize_uploads;
2066 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
2070 $c->finalize_encoding;
2071 $c->finalize_headers unless $c->response->finalized_headers;
2077 if ($c->use_stats) {
2078 my $elapsed = $c->stats->elapsed;
2079 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
2081 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
2084 return $c->response->status;
2087 =head2 $c->finalize_body
2093 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
2095 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
2101 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
2103 =head2 $c->finalize_error
2105 Finalizes error. If there is only one error in L</error> and it is an object that
2106 does C<as_psgi> or C<code> we rethrow the error and presume it caught by middleware
2107 up the ladder. Otherwise we return the debugging error page (in debug mode) or we
2108 return the default error page (production mode).
2112 sub finalize_error {
2114 if($#{$c->error} > 0) {
2115 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ );
2117 my ($error) = @{$c->error};
2118 if ( $c->_handle_http_exception($error) ) {
2119 # In the case where the error 'knows what it wants', becauses its PSGI
2120 # aware, just rethow and let middleware catch it
2121 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
2123 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ )
2128 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
2134 sub finalize_headers {
2137 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
2139 # Check if we already finalized headers
2140 return if $response->finalized_headers;
2143 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
2144 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
2145 $response->header( Location => $location );
2148 # Remove incorrectly added body and content related meta data when returning
2149 # an information response, or a response the is required to not include a body
2151 $c->finalize_cookies;
2153 # This currently is a NOOP but I don't want to remove it since I guess people
2154 # might have Response subclasses that use it for something... (JNAP)
2155 $c->response->finalize_headers();
2158 $response->finalized_headers(1);
2161 =head2 $c->finalize_encoding
2163 Make sure your body is encoded properly IF you set an encoding. By
2164 default the encoding is UTF-8 but you can disable it by explicitly setting the
2165 encoding configuration value to undef.
2167 We can only encode when the body is a scalar. Methods for encoding via the
2168 streaming interfaces (such as C<write> and C<write_fh> on L<Catalyst::Response>
2175 sub finalize_encoding {
2177 my $res = $c->res || return;
2179 # Warn if the set charset is different from the one you put into encoding. We need
2180 # to do this early since encodable_response is false for this condition and we need
2181 # to match the debug output for backcompat (there's a test for this...) -JNAP
2183 $res->content_type_charset and $c->encoding and
2184 (uc($c->encoding->mime_name) ne uc($res->content_type_charset))
2186 my $ct = lc($res->content_type_charset);
2187 $c->log->debug("Catalyst encoding config is set to encode in '" .
2188 $c->encoding->mime_name .
2189 "', content type is '$ct', not encoding ");
2193 ($res->encodable_response) and
2194 (defined($res->body)) and
2195 (ref(\$res->body) eq 'SCALAR')
2197 $c->res->body( $c->encoding->encode( $c->res->body, $c->_encode_check ) );
2199 # Set the charset if necessary. This might be a bit bonkers since encodable response
2200 # is false when the set charset is not the same as the encoding mimetype (maybe
2201 # confusing action at a distance here..
2202 # Don't try to set the charset if one already exists
2203 $c->res->content_type($c->res->content_type . "; charset=" . $c->encoding->mime_name)
2204 unless($c->res->content_type_charset);
2208 =head2 $c->finalize_output
2210 An alias for finalize_body.
2212 =head2 $c->finalize_read
2214 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
2218 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
2220 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
2222 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
2226 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
2228 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
2230 Gets an action in a given namespace.
2234 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
2236 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
2238 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
2243 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2245 =head2 $app->handle_request( @arguments )
2247 Called to handle each HTTP request.
2251 sub handle_request {
2252 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2254 # Always expect worst case!
2257 if ($class->debug) {
2258 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
2259 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
2260 my $time = localtime time;
2261 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
2264 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
2266 $status = $c->finalize;
2268 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
2269 if ( $class->_handle_http_exception($_) ) {
2270 $_->can('rethrow') ? $_->rethrow : croak $_;
2272 chomp(my $error = $_);
2273 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
2278 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
2279 $class->log->$coderef();
2284 =head2 $class->prepare( @arguments )
2286 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
2293 predicate => '_has_uploadtmp',
2297 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2300 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
2301 # into the application.
2302 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
2304 my $uploadtmp = $class->config->{uploadtmp};
2305 my $c = $class->context_class->new({ $uploadtmp ? (_uploadtmp => $uploadtmp) : ()});
2307 $c->response->_context($c);
2310 $c->stats($class->composed_stats_class->new)->enable;
2313 if ( $c->debug || $c->config->{enable_catalyst_header} ) {
2314 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
2318 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
2319 if ( my $prepare = $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
2320 $c->engine->$prepare( $c, @arguments );
2323 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
2324 $c->prepare_connection;
2325 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
2326 $c->prepare_headers; # Just hooks, no longer needed - they just
2327 $c->prepare_cookies; # cause the lazy attribute on req to build
2330 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
2331 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
2334 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
2335 unless ( ref($c)->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
2341 # VERY ugly and probably shouldn't rely on ->finalize actually working
2343 # failed prepare is always due to an invalid request, right?
2344 $c->response->status(400);
2345 $c->response->content_type('text/plain');
2346 $c->response->body('Bad Request');
2347 # Note we call finalize and then die here, which escapes
2348 # finalize being called in the enclosing block..
2349 # It in fact couldn't be called, as we don't return $c..
2350 # This is a mess - but I'm unsure you can fix this without
2351 # breaking compat for people doing crazy things (we should set
2352 # the 400 and just return the ctx here IMO, letting finalize get called
2363 =head2 $c->prepare_action
2365 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
2369 sub prepare_action {
2371 my $ret = $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_);
2374 foreach (@{$c->req->arguments}, @{$c->req->captures}) {
2375 $_ = $c->_handle_param_unicode_decoding($_);
2383 =head2 $c->prepare_body
2385 Prepares message body.
2392 return if $c->request->_has_body;
2394 # Initialize on-demand data
2395 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
2396 $c->prepare_parameters;
2397 $c->prepare_uploads;
2400 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
2402 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
2404 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
2408 sub prepare_body_chunk {
2410 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
2413 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
2415 Prepares body parameters.
2419 sub prepare_body_parameters {
2421 $c->request->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
2424 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
2426 Prepares connection.
2430 sub prepare_connection {
2432 $c->request->prepare_connection($c);
2435 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
2437 Prepares cookies by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2438 object has been built.
2442 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->request->cookies }
2444 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
2446 Prepares request headers by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2447 object has been built.
2451 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->request->headers }
2453 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
2455 Prepares parameters.
2459 sub prepare_parameters {
2461 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
2462 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
2465 =head2 $c->prepare_path
2467 Prepares path and base.
2471 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
2473 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
2475 Prepares query parameters.
2479 sub prepare_query_parameters {
2482 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
2485 =head2 $c->log_request
2487 Writes information about the request to the debug logs. This includes:
2491 =item * Request method, path, and remote IP address
2493 =item * Query keywords (see L<Catalyst::Request/query_keywords>)
2495 =item * Request parameters
2497 =item * File uploads
2506 return unless $c->debug;
2508 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Request' } $c->dump_these;
2509 my $request = $dump->[1];
2511 my ( $method, $path, $address ) = ( $request->method, $request->path, $request->address );
2513 $path = '/' unless length $path;
2516 $path =~ s/%([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})/chr(hex($1))/eg;
2517 $path = decode_utf8($path);
2519 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/);
2521 $c->log_request_headers($request->headers);
2523 if ( my $keywords = $request->query_keywords ) {
2524 $c->log->debug("Query keywords are: $keywords");
2527 $c->log_request_parameters( query => $request->query_parameters, $request->_has_body ? (body => $request->body_parameters) : () );
2529 $c->log_request_uploads($request);
2532 =head2 $c->log_response
2534 Writes information about the response to the debug logs by calling
2535 C<< $c->log_response_status_line >> and C<< $c->log_response_headers >>.
2542 return unless $c->debug;
2544 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Response' } $c->dump_these;
2545 my $response = $dump->[1];
2547 $c->log_response_status_line($response);
2548 $c->log_response_headers($response->headers);
2551 =head2 $c->log_response_status_line($response)
2553 Writes one line of information about the response to the debug logs. This includes:
2557 =item * Response status code
2559 =item * Content-Type header (if present)
2561 =item * Content-Length header (if present)
2567 sub log_response_status_line {
2568 my ($c, $response) = @_;
2572 'Response Code: %s; Content-Type: %s; Content-Length: %s',
2573 $response->status || 'unknown',
2574 $response->headers->header('Content-Type') || 'unknown',
2575 $response->headers->header('Content-Length') || 'unknown'
2580 =head2 $c->log_response_headers($headers);
2582 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the response headers.
2583 No-op in the default implementation.
2587 sub log_response_headers {}
2589 =head2 $c->log_request_parameters( query => {}, body => {} )
2591 Logs request parameters to debug logs
2595 sub log_request_parameters {
2597 my %all_params = @_;
2599 return unless $c->debug;
2601 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 44;
2602 foreach my $type (qw(query body)) {
2603 my $params = $all_params{$type};
2604 next if ! keys %$params;
2605 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2606 for my $key ( sort keys %$params ) {
2607 my $param = $params->{$key};
2608 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
2609 $t->row( $key, ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
2611 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
2615 =head2 $c->log_request_uploads
2617 Logs file uploads included in the request to the debug logs.
2618 The parameter name, filename, file type, and file size are all included in
2623 sub log_request_uploads {
2625 my $request = shift;
2626 return unless $c->debug;
2627 my $uploads = $request->uploads;
2628 if ( keys %$uploads ) {
2629 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
2630 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
2635 for my $key ( sort keys %$uploads ) {
2636 my $upload = $uploads->{$key};
2637 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
2638 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
2641 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
2645 =head2 $c->log_request_headers($headers);
2647 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the request headers.
2648 No-op in the default implementation.
2652 sub log_request_headers {}
2654 =head2 $c->log_headers($type => $headers)
2656 Logs L<HTTP::Headers> (either request or response) to the debug logs.
2663 my $headers = shift; # an HTTP::Headers instance
2665 return unless $c->debug;
2667 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 28;
2668 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 15, 'Header Name' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2671 my ( $name, $value ) = @_;
2672 $t->row( $name, $value );
2675 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Headers:\n" . $t->draw );
2679 =head2 $c->prepare_read
2681 Prepares the input for reading.
2685 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
2687 =head2 $c->prepare_request
2689 Prepares the engine request.
2693 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
2695 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
2701 sub prepare_uploads {
2703 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
2706 =head2 $c->prepare_write
2708 Prepares the output for writing.
2712 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
2714 =head2 $c->request_class
2716 Returns or sets the request class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Request>.
2718 =head2 $app->request_class_traits
2720 An arrayref of L<Moose::Role>s which are applied to the request class.
2722 =head2 $app->composed_request_class
2724 This is the request class which has been composed with any request_class_traits.
2726 =head2 $c->response_class
2728 Returns or sets the response class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Response>.
2730 =head2 $app->response_class_traits
2732 An arrayref of L<Moose::Role>s which are applied to the response class.
2734 =head2 $app->composed_response_class
2736 This is the request class which has been composed with any response_class_traits.
2738 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
2740 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
2741 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
2742 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
2744 You have to set C<< MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1) >> to use this
2747 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
2748 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
2749 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
2753 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->request->read( @_ ) }
2763 $app->_make_immutable_if_needed;
2764 $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack ?
2765 $app->engine->run($app, @_) :
2766 $app->engine->run( $app, $app->_finalized_psgi_app, @_ );
2769 sub _make_immutable_if_needed {
2771 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2772 my $isa_ca = $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $class->isa('Class::Accessor');
2775 && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
2778 warn("You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
2779 . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
2780 . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
2781 . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
2782 . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n");
2784 unless ($meta->is_immutable) {
2785 # XXX - FIXME warning here as you should make your app immutable yourself.
2786 $meta->make_immutable(
2787 replace_constructor => 1,
2792 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2794 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2798 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2800 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2802 Sets up actions for a component.
2806 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2808 =head2 $c->setup_components
2810 This method is called internally to set up the application's components.
2812 It finds modules by calling the L<locate_components> method, expands them to
2813 package names with the L<expand_component_module> method, and then installs
2814 each component into the application.
2816 The C<setup_components> config option is passed to both of the above methods.
2818 Installation of each component is performed by the L<setup_component> method,
2823 sub setup_components {
2826 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2828 my @comps = $class->locate_components($config);
2829 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2831 my $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names = grep { /::[CMV]::/ } @comps;
2832 $class->log->warn(qq{Your application is using the deprecated ::[MVC]:: type naming scheme.\n}.
2833 qq{Please switch your class names to ::Model::, ::View:: and ::Controller: as appropriate.\n}
2834 ) if $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names;
2836 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2838 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2839 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2840 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2842 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2845 for my $component (@comps) {
2846 my $instance = $class->components->{ $component } = $class->delayed_setup_component($component);
2849 # Inject a component or wrap a stand alone class in an adaptor. This makes a list
2850 # of named components in the configuration that are not actually existing (not a
2852 my @configured_comps = grep { not($class->components->{$_}||'') }
2853 grep { /^(Model)::|(View)::|(Controller::)/ }
2854 keys %{$class->config ||+{}};
2856 foreach my $configured_comp(@configured_comps) {
2857 my $component_class = exists $class->config->{$configured_comp}->{from_component} ?
2858 delete $class->config->{$configured_comp}->{from_component} : '';
2860 if($component_class) {
2861 my @roles = @{ exists $class->config->{$configured_comp}->{roles} ?
2862 delete $class->config->{$configured_comp}->{roles} : [] };
2864 my %args = %{ exists $class->config->{$configured_comp}->{args} ?
2865 delete $class->config->{$configured_comp}->{args} : +{} };
2867 $class->config->{$configured_comp} = \%args;
2868 Catalyst::Utils::inject_component(
2870 component => $component_class,
2871 (scalar(@roles) ? (traits => \@roles) : ()),
2872 as => $configured_comp);
2876 # All components are registered, now we need to 'init' them.
2877 foreach my $component_name (keys %{$class->components||{}}) {
2878 $class->components->{$component_name} = $class->components->{$component_name}->();
2883 =head2 $c->locate_components( $setup_component_config )
2885 This method is meant to provide a list of component modules that should be
2886 setup for the application. By default, it will use L<Module::Pluggable>.
2888 Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass additional options directly
2889 to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional search paths, specify a key named
2890 C<search_extra> as an array reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::>
2891 will have the application class name prepended to them.
2895 sub locate_components {
2899 my @paths = qw( ::M ::Model ::V ::View ::C ::Controller );
2900 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2902 unshift @paths, @$extra;
2904 my @comps = map { sort { length($a) <=> length($b) } Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2905 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } ($_) ],
2907 )->plugins } @paths;
2912 =head2 $c->expand_component_module( $component, $setup_component_config )
2914 Components found by C<locate_components> will be passed to this method, which
2915 is expected to return a list of component (package) names to be set up.
2919 sub expand_component_module {
2920 my ($class, $module) = @_;
2921 return Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $module );
2924 =head2 $app->delayed_setup_component
2926 Returns a coderef that points to a setup_component instance. Used
2927 internally for when you want to delay setup until the first time
2928 the component is called.
2932 sub delayed_setup_component {
2933 my($class, $component, @more) = @_;
2935 return my $instance = $class->setup_component($component, @more);
2939 =head2 $c->setup_component
2943 sub setup_component {
2944 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2946 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2950 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2951 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2952 # Stash catalyst_component_name in the config here, so that custom COMPONENT
2953 # methods also pass it. local to avoid pointlessly shitting in config
2954 # for the debug screen, as $component is already the key name.
2955 local $config->{catalyst_component_name} = $component;
2957 my $instance = eval {
2958 $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config );
2962 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2963 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2967 unless (blessed $instance) {
2968 my $metaclass = Moose::Util::find_meta($component);
2969 my $method_meta = $metaclass->find_method_by_name('COMPONENT');
2970 my $component_method_from = $method_meta->associated_metaclass->name;
2971 my $value = defined($instance) ? $instance : 'undef';
2972 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2974 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", COMPONENT() method (from $component_method_from) didn't return an object-like value (value was $value)./
2978 my @expanded_components = $instance->can('expand_modules')
2979 ? $instance->expand_modules( $component, $config )
2980 : $class->expand_component_module( $component, $config );
2981 for my $component (@expanded_components) {
2982 next if $class->components->{ $component };
2983 $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2989 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2995 sub setup_dispatcher {
2996 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2999 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
3002 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
3003 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
3006 unless ($dispatcher) {
3007 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
3010 load_class($dispatcher);
3012 # dispatcher instance
3013 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
3016 =head2 $c->setup_engine
3023 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
3025 if (!$class->engine_loader || $requested_engine) {
3026 $class->engine_loader(
3027 Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
3028 application_name => $class,
3029 (defined $requested_engine
3030 ? (catalyst_engine_class => $requested_engine) : ()),
3035 $class->engine_loader->catalyst_engine_class;
3039 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
3042 my $loader = $class->engine_loader;
3044 if (!$loader || $requested_engine) {
3045 $loader = Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
3046 application_name => $class,
3047 (defined $requested_engine
3048 ? (requested_engine => $requested_engine) : ()),
3051 $class->engine_loader($loader);
3054 $loader->catalyst_engine_class;
3057 # Don't really setup_engine -- see _setup_psgi_app for explanation.
3058 return if $class->loading_psgi_file;
3060 load_class($engine);
3062 if ($ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
3063 my $apache = $class->engine_loader->auto;
3065 my $meta = find_meta($class);
3066 my $was_immutable = $meta->is_immutable;
3067 my %immutable_options = $meta->immutable_options;
3068 $meta->make_mutable if $was_immutable;
3070 $meta->add_method(handler => sub {
3072 my $psgi_app = $class->_finalized_psgi_app;
3073 $apache->call_app($r, $psgi_app);
3076 $meta->make_immutable(%immutable_options) if $was_immutable;
3079 $class->engine( $engine->new );
3084 ## This exists just to supply a prebuild psgi app for mod_perl and for the
3085 ## build in server support (back compat support for pre psgi port behavior).
3086 ## This is so that we don't build a new psgi app for each request when using
3087 ## the mod_perl handler or the built in servers (http and fcgi, etc).
3089 sub _finalized_psgi_app {
3092 unless ($app->_psgi_app) {
3093 my $psgi_app = $app->_setup_psgi_app;
3094 $app->_psgi_app($psgi_app);
3097 return $app->_psgi_app;
3100 ## Look for a psgi file like 'myapp_web.psgi' (if the app is MyApp::Web) in the
3101 ## home directory and load that and return it (just assume it is doing the
3102 ## right thing :) ). If that does not exist, call $app->psgi_app, wrap that
3103 ## in default_middleware and return it ( this is for backward compatibility
3104 ## with pre psgi port behavior ).
3106 sub _setup_psgi_app {
3109 for my $home (Path::Class::Dir->new($app->config->{home})) {
3110 my $psgi_file = $home->file(
3111 Catalyst::Utils::appprefix($app) . '.psgi',
3114 next unless -e $psgi_file;
3116 # If $psgi_file calls ->setup_engine, it's doing so to load
3117 # Catalyst::Engine::PSGI. But if it does that, we're only going to
3118 # throw away the loaded PSGI-app and load the 5.9 Catalyst::Engine
3119 # anyway. So set a flag (ick) that tells setup_engine not to populate
3120 # $c->engine or do any other things we might regret.
3122 $app->loading_psgi_file(1);
3123 my $psgi_app = Plack::Util::load_psgi($psgi_file);
3124 $app->loading_psgi_file(0);
3127 unless $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack;
3130 Found a legacy Catalyst::Engine::PSGI .psgi file at ${psgi_file}.
3132 Its content has been ignored. Please consult the Catalyst::Upgrading
3133 documentation on how to upgrade from Catalyst::Engine::PSGI.
3137 return $app->apply_default_middlewares($app->psgi_app);
3140 =head2 $c->apply_default_middlewares
3142 Adds the following L<Plack> middlewares to your application, since they are
3143 useful and commonly needed:
3145 L<Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix> (if you are using Lighttpd),
3146 L<Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix> (always applied since this middleware
3147 is smart enough to conditionally apply itself).
3149 We will also automatically add L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy> if we notice
3150 that your HTTP $env variable C<REMOTE_ADDR> is '127.0.0.1'. This is usually
3151 an indication that your server is running behind a proxy frontend. However in
3152 2014 this is often not the case. We preserve this code for backwards compatibility
3153 however I B<highly> recommend that if you are running the server behind a front
3154 end proxy that you clearly indicate so with the C<using_frontend_proxy> configuration
3155 setting to true for your environment configurations that run behind a proxy. This
3156 way if you change your front end proxy address someday your code would inexplicably
3157 stop working as expected.
3159 Additionally if we detect we are using Nginx, we add a bit of custom middleware
3160 to solve some problems with the way that server handles $ENV{PATH_INFO} and
3163 Please B<NOTE> that if you do use C<using_frontend_proxy> the middleware is now
3164 adding via C<registered_middleware> rather than this method.
3166 If you are using Lighttpd or IIS6 you may wish to apply these middlewares. In
3167 general this is no longer a common case but we have this here for backward
3173 sub apply_default_middlewares {
3174 my ($app, $psgi_app) = @_;
3176 # Don't add this conditional IF we are explicitly saying we want the
3177 # frontend proxy support. We don't need it here since if that is the
3178 # case it will be always loaded in the default_middleware.
3180 unless($app->config->{using_frontend_proxy}) {
3181 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
3183 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->wrap($_[0]) },
3186 return if $app->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy};
3187 return $env->{REMOTE_ADDR} eq '127.0.0.1';
3192 # If we're running under Lighttpd, swap PATH_INFO and SCRIPT_NAME
3193 # http://lists.scsys.co.uk/pipermail/catalyst/2006-June/008361.html
3194 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
3196 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix->wrap($_[0]) },
3199 return unless $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!lighttpd[-/]1\.(\d+\.\d+)!;
3200 return unless $1 < 4.23;
3205 # we're applying this unconditionally as the middleware itself already makes
3206 # sure it doesn't fuck things up if it's not running under one of the right
3208 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix->wrap($psgi_app);
3210 # And another IIS issue, this time with IIS7.
3211 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
3213 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix->wrap($_[0]) },
3216 return $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!IIS/7\.[0-9]!;
3223 =head2 App->psgi_app
3227 Returns a PSGI application code reference for the catalyst application
3228 C<$c>. This is the bare application created without the C<apply_default_middlewares>
3229 method called. We do however apply C<registered_middleware> since those are
3230 integral to how L<Catalyst> functions. Also, unlike starting your application
3231 with a generated server script (via L<Catalyst::Devel> and C<catalyst.pl>) we do
3232 not attempt to return a valid L<PSGI> application using any existing C<${myapp}.psgi>
3233 scripts in your $HOME directory.
3235 B<NOTE> C<apply_default_middlewares> was originally created when the first PSGI
3236 port was done for v5.90000. These are middlewares that are added to achieve
3237 backward compatibility with older applications. If you start your application
3238 using one of the supplied server scripts (generated with L<Catalyst::Devel> and
3239 the project skeleton script C<catalyst.pl>) we apply C<apply_default_middlewares>
3240 automatically. This was done so that pre and post PSGI port applications would
3243 This is what you want to be using to retrieve the PSGI application code
3244 reference of your Catalyst application for use in a custom F<.psgi> or in your
3245 own created server modules.
3249 *to_app = \&psgi_app;
3253 my $psgi = $app->engine->build_psgi_app($app);
3254 return $app->Catalyst::Utils::apply_registered_middleware($psgi);
3257 =head2 $c->setup_home
3259 Sets up the home directory.
3264 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
3266 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
3270 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
3273 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
3274 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
3275 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
3279 =head2 $c->setup_encoding
3281 Sets up the input/output encoding. See L<ENCODING>
3285 sub setup_encoding {
3287 if( exists($c->config->{encoding}) && !defined($c->config->{encoding}) ) {
3288 # Ok, so the user has explicitly said "I don't want encoding..."
3291 my $enc = defined($c->config->{encoding}) ?
3292 delete $c->config->{encoding} : 'UTF-8'; # not sure why we delete it... (JNAP)
3297 =head2 handle_unicode_encoding_exception
3299 Hook to let you customize how encoding errors are handled. By default
3300 we just throw an exception. Receives a hashref of debug information.
3303 $c->handle_unicode_encoding_exception({
3304 param_value => $value,
3306 encoding_step => 'params',
3311 sub handle_unicode_encoding_exception {
3312 my ( $self, $exception_ctx ) = @_;
3313 die $exception_ctx->{error_msg};
3316 # Some unicode helpers cargo culted from the old plugin. These could likely
3319 sub _handle_unicode_decoding {
3320 my ( $self, $value ) = @_;
3322 return unless defined $value;
3324 ## I think this mess is to support the old nested
3325 if ( ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ) {
3326 foreach ( @$value ) {
3327 $_ = $self->_handle_unicode_decoding($_);
3331 elsif ( ref $value eq 'HASH' ) {
3332 foreach (keys %$value) {
3333 my $encoded_key = $self->_handle_param_unicode_decoding($_);
3334 $value->{$encoded_key} = $self->_handle_unicode_decoding($value->{$_});
3336 # If the key was encoded we now have two (the original and current so
3337 # delete the original.
3338 delete $value->{$_} if $_ ne $encoded_key;
3343 return $self->_handle_param_unicode_decoding($value);
3347 sub _handle_param_unicode_decoding {
3348 my ( $self, $value ) = @_;
3349 return unless defined $value; # not in love with just ignoring undefs - jnap
3350 return $value if blessed($value); #don't decode when the value is an object.
3352 my $enc = $self->encoding;
3354 $enc->decode( $value, $self->_encode_check );
3357 $self->handle_unicode_encoding_exception({
3358 param_value => $value,
3360 encoding_step => 'params',
3365 =head2 $c->setup_log
3367 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
3368 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
3371 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
3372 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
3373 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
3375 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
3376 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
3377 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
3382 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
3385 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
3386 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
3387 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels;
3389 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
3390 if ( defined $env_debug ) {
3391 $levels{debug} = 1 if $env_debug; # Ugly!
3392 delete($levels{debug}) unless $env_debug;
3395 unless ( $class->log ) {
3396 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
3399 if ( $levels{debug} ) {
3400 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
3401 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
3405 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
3411 =head2 $c->setup_stats
3413 Sets up timing statistics class.
3418 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
3420 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
3422 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
3423 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
3424 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
3425 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
3430 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
3432 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
3435 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
3436 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
3437 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
3439 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
3447 sub registered_plugins {
3449 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
3451 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
3452 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
3455 sub _register_plugin {
3456 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
3457 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
3459 load_class( $plugin );
3460 $class->log->warn( "$plugin inherits from 'Catalyst::Component' - this is deprecated and will not work in 5.81" )
3461 if $plugin->isa( 'Catalyst::Component' );
3462 my $plugin_meta = Moose::Meta::Class->create($plugin);
3463 if (!$plugin_meta->has_method('new')
3464 && ( $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor') ) ) {
3465 $plugin_meta->add_method('new', Moose::Object->meta->get_method('new'))
3467 if (!$instant && !$proto->_plugins->{$plugin}) {
3468 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
3469 $meta->superclasses($plugin, $meta->superclasses);
3471 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
3475 sub _default_plugins { return qw() }
3478 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
3480 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
3482 m/Unicode::Encoding/ ? do {
3484 'Unicode::Encoding plugin is auto-applied,'
3485 . ' please remove this from your appclass'
3486 . ' and make sure to define "encoding" config'
3488 unless (exists $class->config->{'encoding'}) {
3489 $class->config->{'encoding'} = 'UTF-8';
3494 push @$plugins, $class->_default_plugins;
3495 $plugins = Data::OptList::mkopt($plugins || []);
3498 [ Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace(
3499 $class . '::Plugin',
3500 'Catalyst::Plugin', $_->[0]
3506 for my $plugin ( reverse @plugins ) {
3507 load_class($plugin->[0], $plugin->[1]);
3508 my $meta = find_meta($plugin->[0]);
3509 next if $meta && $meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role');
3511 $class->_register_plugin($plugin->[0]);
3515 map { $_->[0]->name, $_->[1] }
3516 grep { blessed($_->[0]) && $_->[0]->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
3517 map { [find_meta($_->[0]), $_->[1]] }
3520 Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(
3526 =head2 default_middleware
3528 Returns a list of instantiated PSGI middleware objects which is the default
3529 middleware that is active for this application (taking any configuration
3530 options into account, excluding your custom added middleware via the C<psgi_middleware>
3531 configuration option). You can override this method if you wish to change
3532 the default middleware (although do so at risk since some middleware is vital
3533 to application function.)
3535 The current default middleware list is:
3537 Catalyst::Middleware::Stash
3538 Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions
3539 Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody
3540 Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect
3541 Plack::Middleware::ContentLength
3542 Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride
3543 Plack::Middleware::Head
3545 If the configuration setting C<using_frontend_proxy> is true we add:
3547 Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy
3549 If the configuration setting C<using_frontend_proxy_path> is true we add:
3551 Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxyPath
3553 But B<NOTE> that L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxyPath> is not a dependency of the
3554 L<Catalyst> distribution so if you want to use this option you should add it to
3555 your project distribution file.
3557 These middlewares will be added at L</setup_middleware> during the
3558 L</setup> phase of application startup.
3562 sub default_middleware {
3565 Catalyst::Middleware::Stash->new,
3566 Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions->new,
3567 Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody->new,
3568 Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect->new,
3569 Plack::Middleware::ContentLength->new,
3570 Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride->new,
3571 Plack::Middleware::Head->new);
3573 if($class->config->{using_frontend_proxy}) {
3574 push @mw, Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->new;
3577 if($class->config->{using_frontend_proxy_path}) {
3578 if(Class::Load::try_load_class('Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxyPath')) {
3579 push @mw, Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxyPath->new;
3581 $class->log->error("Cannot use configuration 'using_frontend_proxy_path' because 'Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxyPath' is not installed");
3588 =head2 registered_middlewares
3590 Read only accessor that returns an array of all the middleware in the order
3591 that they were added (which is the REVERSE of the order they will be applied).
3593 The values returned will be either instances of L<Plack::Middleware> or of a
3594 compatible interface, or a coderef, which is assumed to be inlined middleware
3596 =head2 setup_middleware (?@middleware)
3598 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<psgi_middleware> or
3601 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<psgi_middleware> and how
3602 to use it to enable L<Plack::Middleware>
3604 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3605 you really don't need to invoke it. However you may do so if you find the idea
3606 of loading middleware via configuration weird :). For example:
3612 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware('Head');
3615 When we read middleware definitions from configuration, we reverse the list
3616 which sounds odd but is likely how you expect it to work if you have prior
3617 experience with L<Plack::Builder> or if you previously used the plugin
3618 L<Catalyst::Plugin::EnableMiddleware> (which is now considered deprecated)
3620 So basically your middleware handles an incoming request from the first
3621 registered middleware, down and handles the response from the last middleware
3626 sub registered_middlewares {
3628 if(my $middleware = $class->_psgi_middleware) {
3629 my @mw = ($class->default_middleware, @$middleware);
3631 if($class->config->{using_frontend_proxy}) {
3632 push @mw, Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->new;
3637 die "You cannot call ->registered_middlewares until middleware has been setup";
3641 sub setup_middleware {
3643 my @middleware_definitions;
3645 # If someone calls this method you can add middleware with args. However if its
3646 # called without an arg we need to setup the configuration middleware.
3648 @middleware_definitions = reverse(@_);
3650 @middleware_definitions = reverse(@{$class->config->{'psgi_middleware'}||[]})
3651 unless $class->finalized_default_middleware;
3652 $class->finalized_default_middleware(1); # Only do this once, just in case some people call setup over and over...
3655 my @middleware = ();
3656 while(my $next = shift(@middleware_definitions)) {
3658 if(Scalar::Util::blessed $next && $next->can('wrap')) {
3659 push @middleware, $next;
3660 } elsif(ref $next eq 'CODE') {
3661 push @middleware, $next;
3662 } elsif(ref $next eq 'HASH') {
3663 my $namespace = shift @middleware_definitions;
3664 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($namespace, %$next);
3665 push @middleware, $mw;
3667 die "I can't handle middleware definition ${\ref $next}";
3670 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($next);
3671 push @middleware, $mw;
3675 my @existing = @{$class->_psgi_middleware || []};
3676 $class->_psgi_middleware([@middleware,@existing,]);
3679 =head2 registered_data_handlers
3681 A read only copy of registered Data Handlers returned as a Hash, where each key
3682 is a content type and each value is a subref that attempts to decode that content
3685 =head2 setup_data_handlers (?@data_handler)
3687 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<data_handlers> or
3690 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<data_handlers>.
3692 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3693 you really don't need to invoke it.
3695 =head2 default_data_handlers
3697 Default Data Handlers that come bundled with L<Catalyst>. Currently there are
3698 only two default data handlers, for 'application/json' and an alternative to
3699 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' which supposed nested form parameters via
3700 L<CGI::Struct> or via L<CGI::Struct::XS> IF you've installed it.
3702 The 'application/json' data handler is used to parse incoming JSON into a Perl
3703 data structure. It used either L<JSON::MaybeXS> or L<JSON>, depending on which
3704 is installed. This allows you to fail back to L<JSON:PP>, which is a Pure Perl
3705 JSON decoder, and has the smallest dependency impact.
3707 Because we don't wish to add more dependencies to L<Catalyst>, if you wish to
3708 use this new feature we recommend installing L<JSON> or L<JSON::MaybeXS> in
3709 order to get the best performance. You should add either to your dependency
3710 list (Makefile.PL, dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3714 sub registered_data_handlers {
3716 if(my $data_handlers = $class->_data_handlers) {
3717 return %$data_handlers;
3719 $class->setup_data_handlers;
3720 return $class->registered_data_handlers;
3724 sub setup_data_handlers {
3725 my ($class, %data_handler_callbacks) = @_;
3726 %data_handler_callbacks = (
3727 %{$class->default_data_handlers},
3728 %{$class->config->{'data_handlers'}||+{}},
3729 %data_handler_callbacks);
3731 $class->_data_handlers(\%data_handler_callbacks);
3734 sub default_data_handlers {
3737 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' => sub {
3738 my ($fh, $req) = @_;
3739 my $params = $req->_use_hash_multivalue ? $req->body_parameters->mixed : $req->body_parameters;
3740 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('CGI::Struct::XS', 'CGI::Struct')
3741 ->can('build_cgi_struct')->($params);
3743 'application/json' => sub {
3744 my ($fh, $req) = @_;
3745 my $parser = Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('JSON::MaybeXS', 'JSON');
3749 $slurped = $fh->getline;
3750 $parser->can("decode_json")->($slurped); # decode_json does utf8 decoding for us
3751 } || Catalyst::Exception->throw(sprintf "Error Parsing POST '%s', Error: %s", (defined($slurped) ? $slurped : 'undef') ,$@);
3756 sub _handle_http_exception {
3757 my ( $self, $error ) = @_;
3759 !$self->config->{always_catch_http_exceptions}
3762 $error->can('as_psgi')
3763 || ( $error->can('code')
3764 && $error->code =~ m/^[1-5][0-9][0-9]$/ )
3774 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
3775 currently executing).
3779 Returns the current timing statistics object. By default Catalyst uses
3780 L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats>, but can be set otherwise with
3781 L<< stats_class|/"$c->stats_class" >>.
3783 Even if L<< -Stats|/"-Stats" >> is not enabled, the stats object is still
3784 available. By enabling it with C< $c->stats->enabled(1) >, it can be used to
3785 profile explicitly, although MyApp.pm still won't profile nor output anything
3788 =head2 $c->stats_class
3790 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class. L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats> is used by default.
3792 =head2 $app->stats_class_traits
3794 A arrayref of L<Moose::Role>s that are applied to the stats_class before creating it.
3796 =head2 $app->composed_stats_class
3798 this is the stats_class composed with any 'stats_class_traits'.
3800 =head2 $c->use_stats
3802 Returns 1 when L<< stats collection|/"-Stats" >> is enabled.
3804 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overridden
3805 by declaring C<sub use_stats { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm, not by calling C<< $c->use_stats(1) >>.
3812 =head2 $c->write( $data )
3814 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
3815 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
3816 your output data, if known.
3823 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output (for compat)
3824 $c->finalize_headers;
3826 return $c->response->write( @_ );
3831 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
3832 messages in template systems.
3836 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
3838 =head1 CONFIGURATION
3840 There are a number of 'base' config variables which can be set:
3846 C<always_catch_http_exceptions> - As of version 5.90060 Catalyst
3847 rethrows errors conforming to the interface described by
3848 L<Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions> and lets the middleware deal with it.
3849 Set true to get the deprecated behaviour and have Catalyst catch HTTP exceptions.
3853 C<default_model> - The default model picked if you say C<< $c->model >>. See L<< /$c->model($name) >>.
3857 C<default_view> - The default view to be rendered or returned when C<< $c->view >> is called. See L<< /$c->view($name) >>.
3861 C<disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback> - Turns
3862 off the deprecated component resolution functionality so
3863 that if any of the component methods (e.g. C<< $c->controller('Foo') >>)
3864 are called then regex search will not be attempted on string values and
3865 instead C<undef> will be returned.
3869 C<home> - The application home directory. In an uninstalled application,
3870 this is the top level application directory. In an installed application,
3871 this will be the directory containing C<< MyApp.pm >>.
3875 C<ignore_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>
3879 C<name> - The name of the application in debug messages and the debug and
3884 C<parse_on_demand> - The request body (for example file uploads) will not be parsed
3885 until it is accessed. This allows you to (for example) check authentication (and reject
3886 the upload) before actually receiving all the data. See L</ON-DEMAND PARSER>
3890 C<root> - The root directory for templates. Usually this is just a
3891 subdirectory of the home directory, but you can set it to change the
3892 templates to a different directory.
3896 C<search_extra> - Array reference passed to Module::Pluggable to for additional
3897 namespaces from which components will be loaded (and constructed and stored in
3898 C<< $c->components >>).
3902 C<show_internal_actions> - If true, causes internal actions such as C<< _DISPATCH >>
3903 to be shown in hit debug tables in the test server.
3907 C<use_request_uri_for_path> - Controls if the C<REQUEST_URI> or C<PATH_INFO> environment
3908 variable should be used for determining the request path.
3910 Most web server environments pass the requested path to the application using environment variables,
3911 from which Catalyst has to reconstruct the request base (i.e. the top level path to / in the application,
3912 exposed as C<< $c->request->base >>) and the request path below that base.
3914 There are two methods of doing this, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. Which method is used
3915 is determined by the C<< $c->config(use_request_uri_for_path) >> setting (which can either be true or false).
3919 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 0
3921 This is the default (and the) traditional method that Catalyst has used for determining the path information.
3922 The path is generated from a combination of the C<PATH_INFO> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables.
3923 The allows the application to behave correctly when C<mod_rewrite> is being used to redirect requests
3924 into the application, as these variables are adjusted by mod_rewrite to take account for the redirect.
3926 However this method has the major disadvantage that it is impossible to correctly decode some elements
3927 of the path, as RFC 3875 says: "C<< Unlike a URI path, the PATH_INFO is not URL-encoded, and cannot
3928 contain path-segment parameters. >>" This means PATH_INFO is B<always> decoded, and therefore Catalyst
3929 can't distinguish / vs %2F in paths (in addition to other encoded values).
3931 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 1
3933 This method uses the C<REQUEST_URI> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables. As C<REQUEST_URI> is never
3934 decoded, this means that applications using this mode can correctly handle URIs including the %2F character
3935 (i.e. with C<AllowEncodedSlashes> set to C<On> in Apache).
3937 Given that this method of path resolution is provably more correct, it is recommended that you use
3938 this unless you have a specific need to deploy your application in a non-standard environment, and you are
3939 aware of the implications of not being able to handle encoded URI paths correctly.
3941 However it also means that in a number of cases when the app isn't installed directly at a path, but instead
3942 is having paths rewritten into it (e.g. as a .cgi/fcgi in a public_html directory, with mod_rewrite in a
3943 .htaccess file, or when SSI is used to rewrite pages into the app, or when sub-paths of the app are exposed
3944 at other URIs than that which the app is 'normally' based at with C<mod_rewrite>), the resolution of
3945 C<< $c->request->base >> will be incorrect.
3951 C<using_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>.
3955 C<using_frontend_proxy_path> - Enabled L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxyPath> on your application (if
3956 installed, otherwise log an error). This is useful if your application is not running on the
3957 'root' (or /) of your host server. B<NOTE> if you use this feature you should add the required
3958 middleware to your project dependency list since its not automatically a dependency of L<Catalyst>.
3959 This has been done since not all people need this feature and we wish to restrict the growth of
3960 L<Catalyst> dependencies.
3964 C<encoding> - See L</ENCODING>
3966 This now defaults to 'UTF-8'. You my turn it off by setting this configuration
3971 C<abort_chain_on_error_fix>
3973 When there is an error in an action chain, the default behavior is to continue
3974 processing the remaining actions and then catch the error upon chain end. This
3975 can lead to running actions when the application is in an unexpected state. If
3976 you have this issue, setting this config value to true will promptly exit a
3977 chain when there is an error raised in any action (thus terminating the chain
3982 __PACKAGE__->config(abort_chain_on_error_fix => 1);
3984 In the future this might become the default behavior.
3988 C<use_hash_multivalue_in_request>
3990 In L<Catalyst::Request> the methods C<query_parameters>, C<body_parametes>
3991 and C<parameters> return a hashref where values might be scalar or an arrayref
3992 depending on the incoming data. In many cases this can be undesirable as it
3993 leads one to writing defensive code like the following:
3995 my ($val) = ref($c->req->parameters->{a}) ?
3996 @{$c->req->parameters->{a}} :
3997 $c->req->parameters->{a};
3999 Setting this configuration item to true will make L<Catalyst> populate the
4000 attributes underlying these methods with an instance of L<Hash::MultiValue>
4001 which is used by L<Plack::Request> and others to solve this very issue. You
4002 may prefer this behavior to the default, if so enable this option (be warned
4003 if you enable it in a legacy application we are not sure if it is completely
4004 backwardly compatible).
4008 C<skip_complex_post_part_handling>
4010 When creating body parameters from a POST, if we run into a multpart POST
4011 that does not contain uploads, but instead contains inlined complex data
4012 (very uncommon) we cannot reliably convert that into field => value pairs. So
4013 instead we create an instance of L<Catalyst::Request::PartData>. If this causes
4014 issue for you, you can disable this by setting C<skip_complex_post_part_handling>
4015 to true (default is false).
4019 C<skip_body_param_unicode_decoding>
4021 Generally we decode incoming POST params based on your declared encoding (the
4022 default for this is to decode UTF-8). If this is causing you trouble and you
4023 do not wish to turn all encoding support off (with the C<encoding> configuration
4024 parameter) you may disable this step atomically by setting this configuration
4029 C<do_not_decode_query>
4031 If true, then do not try to character decode any wide characters in your
4032 request URL query or keywords. Most readings of the relevent specifications
4033 suggest these should be UTF-* encoded, which is the default that L<Catalyst>
4034 will use, hwoever if you are creating a lot of URLs manually or have external
4035 evil clients, this might cause you trouble. If you find the changes introduced
4036 in Catalyst version 5.90080+ break some of your query code, you may disable
4037 the UTF-8 decoding globally using this configuration.
4039 This setting takes precedence over C<default_query_encoding> and
4040 C<decode_query_using_global_encoding>
4044 C<default_query_encoding>
4046 By default we decode query and keywords in your request URL using UTF-8, which
4047 is our reading of the relevent specifications. This setting allows one to
4048 specify a fixed value for how to decode your query. You might need this if
4049 you are doing a lot of custom encoding of your URLs and not using UTF-8.
4051 This setting take precedence over C<decode_query_using_global_encoding>.
4055 C<decode_query_using_global_encoding>
4057 Setting this to true will default your query decoding to whatever your
4058 general global encoding is (the default is UTF-8).
4062 C<use_chained_args_0_special_case>
4064 In older versions of Catalyst, when more than one action matched the same path
4065 AND all those matching actions declared Args(0), we'd break the tie by choosing
4066 the first action defined. We now normalized how Args(0) works so that it
4067 follows the same rule as Args(N), which is to say when we need to break a tie
4068 we choose the LAST action defined. If this breaks your code and you don't
4069 have time to update to follow the new normalized approach, you may set this
4070 value to true and it will globally revert to the original chaining behavior.
4074 C<psgi_middleware> - See L<PSGI MIDDLEWARE>.
4078 C<data_handlers> - See L<DATA HANDLERS>.
4084 Generally when you throw an exception inside an Action (or somewhere in
4085 your stack, such as in a model that an Action is calling) that exception
4086 is caught by Catalyst and unless you either catch it yourself (via eval
4087 or something like L<Try::Tiny> or by reviewing the L</error> stack, it
4088 will eventually reach L</finalize_errors> and return either the debugging
4089 error stack page, or the default error page. However, if your exception
4090 can be caught by L<Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions>, L<Catalyst> will
4091 instead rethrow it so that it can be handled by that middleware (which
4092 is part of the default middleware). For example this would allow
4094 use HTTP::Throwable::Factory 'http_throw';
4096 sub throws_exception :Local {
4097 my ($self, $c) = @_;
4099 http_throw(SeeOther => { location =>
4100 $c->uri_for($self->action_for('redirect')) });
4104 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
4106 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
4107 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
4108 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
4110 MyApp->config(show_internal_actions => 1);
4112 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
4114 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
4115 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
4116 parsing with a config parameter.
4118 MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1);
4120 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
4122 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
4123 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
4124 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
4125 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
4126 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
4127 virtual host that the user connected through.
4129 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
4130 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
4131 changes are made to the request.
4133 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
4134 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
4136 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
4137 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
4139 Additionally, you may be running your backend application on an insecure
4140 connection (port 80) while your frontend proxy is running under SSL. If there
4141 is a discrepancy in the ports, use the HTTP header C<X-Forwarded-Port> to
4142 tell Catalyst what port the frontend listens on. This will allow all URIs to
4143 be created properly.
4145 In the case of passing in:
4147 X-Forwarded-Port: 443
4149 All calls to C<uri_for> will result in an https link, as is expected.
4151 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
4153 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
4154 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
4155 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
4158 MyApp->config(using_frontend_proxy => 1);
4160 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
4162 MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 0);
4164 =head2 Note about psgi files
4166 Note that if you supply your own .psgi file, calling
4167 C<< MyApp->psgi_app(@_); >>, then B<this will not happen automatically>.
4169 You either need to apply L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy> yourself
4170 in your psgi, for example:
4173 enable "Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy";
4177 This will unconditionally add the ReverseProxy support, or you need to call
4178 C<< $app = MyApp->apply_default_middlewares($app) >> (to conditionally
4179 apply the support depending upon your config).
4181 See L<Catalyst::PSGI> for more information.
4183 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
4185 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
4186 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
4187 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
4189 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
4190 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
4191 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
4193 =head1 DATA HANDLERS
4195 The L<Catalyst::Request> object uses L<HTTP::Body> to populate 'classic' HTML
4196 form parameters and URL search query fields. However it has become common
4197 for various alternative content types to be PUT or POSTed to your controllers
4198 and actions. People working on RESTful APIs, or using AJAX often use JSON,
4199 XML and other content types when communicating with an application server. In
4200 order to better support this use case, L<Catalyst> defines a global configuration
4201 option, C<data_handlers>, which lets you associate a content type with a coderef
4202 that parses that content type into something Perl can readily access.
4209 __PACKAGE__->config(
4211 'application/json' => sub { local $/; decode_json $_->getline },
4213 ## Any other configuration.
4218 By default L<Catalyst> comes with a generic JSON data handler similar to the
4219 example given above, which uses L<JSON::Maybe> to provide either L<JSON::PP>
4220 (a pure Perl, dependency free JSON parser) or L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> if you have
4221 it installed (if you want the faster XS parser, add it to you project Makefile.PL
4222 or dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
4224 The C<data_handlers> configuration is a hashref whose keys are HTTP Content-Types
4225 (matched against the incoming request type using a regexp such as to be case
4226 insensitive) and whose values are coderefs that receive a localized version of
4227 C<$_> which is a filehandle object pointing to received body.
4229 This feature is considered an early access release and we reserve the right
4230 to alter the interface in order to provide a performant and secure solution to
4231 alternative request body content. Your reports welcomed!
4233 =head1 PSGI MIDDLEWARE
4235 You can define middleware, defined as L<Plack::Middleware> or a compatible
4236 interface in configuration. Your middleware definitions are in the form of an
4237 arrayref under the configuration key C<psgi_middleware>. Here's an example
4238 with details to follow:
4243 use Plack::Middleware::StackTrace;
4245 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
4247 __PACKAGE__->config(
4248 'psgi_middleware', [
4251 $stacktrace_middleware,
4252 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
4257 $env->{myapp.customkey} = 'helloworld';
4266 So the general form is:
4268 __PACKAGE__->config(psgi_middleware => \@middleware_definitions);
4270 Where C<@middleware> is one or more of the following, applied in the REVERSE of
4271 the order listed (to make it function similarly to L<Plack::Builder>:
4273 Alternatively, you may also define middleware by calling the L</setup_middleware>
4280 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware( \@middleware_definitions);
4283 In the case where you do both (use 'setup_middleware' and configuration) the
4284 package call to setup_middleware will be applied earlier (in other words its
4285 middleware will wrap closer to the application). Keep this in mind since in
4286 some cases the order of middleware is important.
4288 The two approaches are not exclusive.
4292 =item Middleware Object
4294 An already initialized object that conforms to the L<Plack::Middleware>
4297 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
4299 __PACKAGE__->config(
4300 'psgi_middleware', [
4301 $stacktrace_middleware,
4307 A coderef that is an inlined middleware:
4309 __PACKAGE__->config(
4310 'psgi_middleware', [
4315 if($env->{PATH_INFO} =~m/forced/) {
4317 ->new(file=>TestApp->path_to(qw/share static forced.txt/))
4320 return $app->($env);
4330 We assume the scalar refers to a namespace after normalizing it using the
4333 (1) If the scalar is prefixed with a "+" (as in C<+MyApp::Foo>) then the full string
4334 is assumed to be 'as is', and we just install and use the middleware.
4336 (2) If the scalar begins with "Plack::Middleware" or your application namespace
4337 (the package name of your Catalyst application subclass), we also assume then
4338 that it is a full namespace, and use it.
4340 (3) Lastly, we then assume that the scalar is a partial namespace, and attempt to
4341 resolve it first by looking for it under your application namespace (for example
4342 if you application is "MyApp::Web" and the scalar is "MyMiddleware", we'd look
4343 under "MyApp::Web::Middleware::MyMiddleware") and if we don't find it there, we
4344 will then look under the regular L<Plack::Middleware> namespace (i.e. for the
4345 previous we'd try "Plack::Middleware::MyMiddleware"). We look under your application
4346 namespace first to let you 'override' common L<Plack::Middleware> locally, should
4347 you find that a good idea.
4353 __PACKAGE__->config(
4354 'psgi_middleware', [
4355 'Debug', ## MyAppWeb::Middleware::Debug->wrap or Plack::Middleware::Debug->wrap
4356 'Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace', ## Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace->wrap
4357 '+MyApp::Custom', ## MyApp::Custom->wrap
4361 =item a scalar followed by a hashref
4363 Just like the previous, except the following C<HashRef> is used as arguments
4364 to initialize the middleware object.
4366 __PACKAGE__->config(
4367 'psgi_middleware', [
4368 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
4373 Please see L<PSGI> for more on middleware.
4377 Starting in L<Catalyst> version 5.90080 encoding is automatically enabled
4378 and set to encode all body responses to UTF8 when possible and applicable.
4379 Following is documentation on this process. If you are using an older
4380 version of L<Catalyst> you should review documentation for that version since
4383 By default encoding is now 'UTF-8'. You may turn it off by setting
4384 the encoding configuration to undef.
4386 MyApp->config(encoding => undef);
4388 This is recommended for temporary backwards compatibility only.
4390 Encoding is automatically applied when the content-type is set to
4391 a type that can be encoded. Currently we encode when the content type
4392 matches the following regular expression:
4394 $content_type =~ /^text|xml$|javascript$/
4396 Encoding is set on the application, but it is copied to the context object
4397 so that you can override it on a request basis.
4399 Be default we don't automatically encode 'application/json' since the most
4400 common approaches to generating this type of response (Either via L<Catalyst::View::JSON>
4401 or L<Catalyst::Action::REST>) will do so already and we want to avoid double
4404 If you are producing JSON response in an unconventional manner (such
4405 as via a template or manual strings) you should perform the UTF8 encoding
4406 manually as well such as to conform to the JSON specification.
4408 NOTE: We also examine the value of $c->response->content_encoding. If
4409 you set this (like for example 'gzip', and manually gzipping the body)
4410 we assume that you have done all the necessary encoding yourself, since
4411 we cannot encode the gzipped contents. If you use a plugin like
4412 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Compress> you need to update to a modern version in order
4413 to have this function correctly with the new UTF8 encoding code, or you
4414 can use L<Plack::Middleware::Deflater> or (probably best) do your compression on
4423 Returns an instance of an C<Encode> encoding
4425 print $c->encoding->name
4427 =item handle_unicode_encoding_exception ($exception_context)
4429 Method called when decoding process for a request fails.
4431 An C<$exception_context> hashref is provided to allow you to override the
4432 behaviour of your application when given data with incorrect encodings.
4434 The default method throws exceptions in the case of invalid request parameters
4435 (resulting in a 500 error), but ignores errors in upload filenames.
4437 The keys passed in the C<$exception_context> hash are:
4443 The value which was not able to be decoded.
4447 The exception received from L<Encode>.
4451 What type of data was being decoded. Valid values are (currently)
4452 C<params> - for request parameters / arguments / captures
4453 and C<uploads> - for request upload filenames.
4463 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
4467 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
4468 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
4472 http://catalyst.perl.org
4476 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
4480 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
4482 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
4484 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Controller> - Base classes for components
4486 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
4488 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
4490 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
4492 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
4494 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
4496 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
4498 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
4504 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
4506 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
4508 andrewalker: André Walker <andre@cpan.org>
4512 Andrew Ford E<lt>A.Ford@ford-mason.co.ukE<gt>
4516 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
4518 audreyt: Audrey Tang
4520 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
4522 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
4524 chansen: Christian Hansen
4526 chicks: Christopher Hicks
4528 Chisel Wright C<pause@herlpacker.co.uk>
4530 Danijel Milicevic C<me@danijel.de>
4532 davewood: David Schmidt <davewood@cpan.org>
4534 David Kamholz E<lt>dkamholz@cpan.orgE<gt>
4536 David Naughton, C<naughton@umn.edu>
4540 dhoss: Devin Austin <dhoss@cpan.org>
4542 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
4546 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
4548 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
4550 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
4552 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
4554 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
4558 Gavin Henry C<ghenry@perl.me.uk>
4562 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@gmail.com>
4564 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
4566 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
4568 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
4570 jester: Jesse Sheidlower C<jester@panix.com>
4572 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
4578 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
4580 Jonathan Rockway C<< <jrockway@cpan.org> >>
4582 Kieren Diment C<kd@totaldatasolution.com>
4584 konobi: Scott McWhirter <konobi@cpan.org>
4586 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
4588 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
4590 mgrimes: Mark Grimes <mgrimes@cpan.org>
4592 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
4596 naughton: David Naughton
4598 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
4600 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
4602 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
4608 omega: Andreas Marienborg
4610 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
4612 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
4614 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
4616 random: Roland Lammel <lammel@cpan.org>
4618 Robert Sedlacek C<< <rs@474.at> >>
4620 SpiceMan: Marcel Montes
4624 szbalint: Balint Szilakszi <szbalint@cpan.org>
4626 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
4630 vanstyn: Henry Van Styn <vanstyn@cpan.org>
4632 Viljo Marrandi C<vilts@yahoo.com>
4634 Will Hawes C<info@whawes.co.uk>
4636 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
4638 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
4640 Yuval Kogman, C<nothingmuch@woobling.org>
4642 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich, C<perl@rainboxx.de>
4644 dd070: Dhaval Dhanani <dhaval070@gmail.com>
4646 Upasana <me@upasana.me>
4648 John Napiorkowski (jnap) <jjnapiork@cpan.org>
4652 Copyright (c) 2005-2015, the above named PROJECT FOUNDER and CONTRIBUTORS.
4656 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
4657 the same terms as Perl itself.
4663 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;