4 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
7 use Catalyst::Exception;
10 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
11 use Catalyst::Response;
13 use Catalyst::Controller;
14 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
16 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
17 use Text::SimpleTable ();
18 use Path::Class::Dir ();
19 use Path::Class::File ();
23 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
24 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
25 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
28 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
30 BEGIN { require 5.008001; }
32 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
33 has stash => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
34 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
35 has stats => (is => 'rw');
36 has action => (is => 'rw');
37 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
38 has request => (is => 'rw', default => sub { $_[0]->request_class->new({}) }, required => 1, lazy => 1);
39 has response => (is => 'rw', default => sub { $_[0]->response_class->new({}) }, required => 1, lazy => 1);
40 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
42 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
43 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
46 # carp "the use of req() is deprecated in favour of request()";
47 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
50 # carp "the use of res() is deprecated in favour of response()";
51 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
54 # For backwards compatibility
55 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
60 our $RECURSION = 1000;
61 our $DETACH = "catalyst_detach\n";
62 our $GO = "catalyst_go\n";
64 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
65 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
66 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
67 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
68 engine_class context_class request_class response_class stats_class
71 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
72 __PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine::CGI');
73 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
74 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
75 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
77 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
79 our $VERSION = '5.8000_07';
82 my $dev_version = $VERSION =~ /_\d{2}$/;
83 *_IS_DEVELOPMENT_VERSION = sub () { $dev_version };
86 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
89 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
91 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
93 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
95 my $caller = caller();
96 return if $caller eq 'main';
98 # Kill Adopt::NEXT warnings if we're a non-RC version
99 unless (_IS_DEVELOPMENT_VERSION()) {
100 Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT->unimport(qr/^Catalyst::/);
103 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
104 #Moose->import({ into => $caller }); #do we want to do this?
106 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
107 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
108 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
110 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
111 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
114 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
120 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
124 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
125 documentation and tutorials.
127 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
128 # use the helper to create a new application
131 # add models, views, controllers
132 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
133 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
134 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
136 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
137 # --help to see all available options
138 script/myapp_server.pl
140 # command line testing interface
141 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
144 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
146 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
147 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
148 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
149 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
150 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
152 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
153 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
154 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
155 # do something else after forward returns
159 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
160 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
164 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
165 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
167 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller downwards
169 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
170 if ( !$c->user_exists ) { # Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication
171 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
172 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
174 return 1; # success; carry on to next action
177 # called after all actions are finished
179 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
180 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
181 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
182 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
185 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
186 # called for /foo/bar
187 sub bar : Local { ... }
189 # called for /blargle
190 sub blargle : Global { ... }
192 # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
193 sub index : Private { ... }
195 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
196 # called for /foo/bar/baz
197 sub baz : Local { ... }
199 # first Root auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
200 sub auto : Private { ... }
202 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
203 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
204 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
205 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
206 my $product = $c->req->captures->[0];
209 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
213 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
214 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
215 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
216 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
218 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
220 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
221 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
222 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
225 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
227 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
228 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
232 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
235 Special flags like C<-Debug> and C<-Engine> can also be specified as
236 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
238 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
240 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
241 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
243 The following flags are supported:
247 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
248 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
249 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
254 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine. Omit the
255 C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
257 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
261 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
263 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
265 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
266 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
267 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
268 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
269 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
273 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
275 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
279 Enables statistics collection and reporting. You can also force this setting
280 from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS or <MYAPP>_STATS. The
281 environment settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_STATS having the
286 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/
290 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
294 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
295 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
299 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
300 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
302 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
303 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
309 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
310 information about the current client request (including parameters,
311 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
313 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
315 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
317 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
319 Forwards processing to another action, by its private name. If you give a
320 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
321 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
322 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
323 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
325 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
328 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
329 $c->forward('index');
330 $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
331 $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
333 Note that forward implies an C<<eval { }>> around the call (actually
334 C<execute> does), thus de-fatalizing all 'dies' within the called
335 action. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something like:
338 die $c->error if $c->error;
340 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
343 $c->forward('foo') || return;
347 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
349 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
351 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
355 The same as C<forward>, but doesn't return to the previous action when
356 processing is finished.
358 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
362 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
364 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
366 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
368 Almost the same as C<forward>, but does a full dispatch, instead of just
369 calling the new C<$action> / C<$class-E<gt>$method>. This means that C<begin>,
370 C<auto> and the method you go to are called, just like a new request.
372 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
373 This means, for example, that $c->action methods such as C<name>, C<class> and
374 C<reverse> return information for the visited action when they are invoked
375 within the visited action. This is different from the behavior of C<forward>
376 which continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
377 invoked from the callee.
379 C<$c-E<gt>stash> is kept unchanged.
381 In effect, C<visit> allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it
382 would have been called by dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
383 C<go> allows you to transfer control to another action as if it had
384 been reached directly from a URL.
388 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
390 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
392 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
394 Almost the same as C<detach>, but does a full dispatch like C<visit>,
395 instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
396 C<$class-E<gt>$method>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the
397 method you visit are called, just like a new request.
399 C<$c-E<gt>stash> is kept unchanged.
403 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
409 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
413 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
414 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
415 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
416 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
417 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
418 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
421 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
422 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
423 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
425 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
426 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
430 around stash => sub {
433 my $stash = $orig->($c);
435 my $new_stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
436 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $new_stash;
437 foreach my $key ( keys %$new_stash ) {
438 $stash->{$key} = $new_stash->{$key};
448 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
450 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
452 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
453 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
454 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
456 my @error = @{ $c->error };
460 $c->error('Something bad happened');
467 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
468 croak @$error unless ref $c;
469 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
471 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
472 return $c->{error} || [];
478 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
480 =head2 $c->clear_errors
482 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
483 implementing a custom error screen.
485 This is equivalent to running
496 # search components given a name and some prefixes
497 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
498 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
499 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
500 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
501 $filter = qr/$filter/; # Compile regex now rather than once per loop
503 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
504 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
505 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
507 # undef for a name will return all
508 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
510 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
511 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
513 return map { $c->components->{ $_ } } @result if @result;
515 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
520 @result = map { $c->components->{ $_ } } grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
522 # no results? try against full names
524 @result = map { $c->components->{ $_ } } grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
527 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
529 # Disgusting hack to work out correct method name
530 my $warn_for = lc $prefixes[0];
531 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->{$warn_for}('${name}'), which found '" .
532 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
533 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
534 my $short = $result[0];
535 $short =~ s/.*?Model:://;
536 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
537 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
538 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
540 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
541 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
542 "component's config";
544 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->${warn_for}('$short') instead of \$c->${warn_for}({'${name}'}), " .
545 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
546 "like so: \$c->${warn_for}(qr/${name}/)";
548 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
554 # Find possible names for a prefix
556 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
557 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
559 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
561 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; } $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
565 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
566 sub _filter_component {
567 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
569 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
570 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
576 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
578 =head2 $c->controller($name)
580 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
582 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
584 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
587 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
589 # find all controllers that start with Foo
590 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
596 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
599 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
600 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
601 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
604 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
607 =head2 $c->model($name)
609 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
611 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
613 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
615 If the name is omitted, it will look for
616 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
617 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
618 - a config setting 'default_model', or
619 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
621 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
623 # find all models that start with Foo
624 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
629 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
632 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
633 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
634 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
638 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
639 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
640 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
641 if $c->stash->{current_model};
643 return $c->model( $c->config->{default_model} )
644 if $c->config->{default_model};
646 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
649 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
650 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config->{default_model} # the name of the default model to use' );
651 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
652 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
653 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
656 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
660 =head2 $c->view($name)
662 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
664 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
666 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
668 If the name is omitted, it will look for
669 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
670 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
671 - a config setting 'default_view', or
672 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
674 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
676 # find all views that start with Foo
677 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
682 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
685 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
686 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
687 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
691 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
692 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
693 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
694 if $c->stash->{current_view};
696 return $c->view( $c->config->{default_view} )
697 if $c->config->{default_view};
699 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
702 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
703 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config->{default_view} # the name of the default view to use' );
704 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
705 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
706 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
709 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
712 =head2 $c->controllers
714 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
720 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
725 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
731 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
737 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
743 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
746 =head2 $c->comp($name)
748 =head2 $c->component($name)
750 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
751 unless you want to get a specific component by full
752 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
753 should be used instead.
755 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
756 component name will be returned.
761 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
764 my $comps = $c->components;
767 # is it the exact name?
768 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
769 if exists $comps->{ $name };
771 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
772 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
773 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
774 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
776 # search all of the models, views and controllers
777 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
778 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
781 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
782 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
784 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
785 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
788 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
789 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
790 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
791 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
794 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
798 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
801 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
805 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
807 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
809 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or C<Config::General> config file
810 like myapp.conf in your applications home directory. See
811 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
813 =head3 Cascading configuration.
815 The config method is present on all Catalyst components, and configuration
816 will be merged when an application is started. Configuration loaded with
817 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> takes precedence over other configuration,
818 followed by configuration in your top level C<MyApp> class. These two
819 configurations are merged, and then configuration data whos hash key matches a
820 component name is merged with configuration for that component.
822 The configuration for a component is then passed to the C<new> method when a
823 component is constructed.
827 MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
828 MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', 'overrides => 'this' });
830 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
833 MyApp::Model::Foo->new({
841 around config => sub {
845 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
846 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
853 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
854 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
855 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
856 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
858 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
863 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
865 Your log class should implement the methods described in
871 Returns 1 if debug mode is enabled, 0 otherwise.
873 You can enable debug mode in several ways:
877 =item With the environment variables MYAPP_DEBUG, or CATALYST_DEBUG
879 =item The -Debug option in your MyApp.pm
881 =item By declaring "sub debug { 1 }" in your MyApp.pm.
885 Calling $c->debug(1) has no effect.
891 =head2 $c->dispatcher
893 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
897 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
900 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
902 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
904 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
905 L<Path::Class::Dir> object.
909 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
914 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
915 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
916 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
917 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
920 =head2 $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
922 Helper method for plugins. It creates a class data accessor/mutator and
923 loads and instantiates the given class.
925 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
927 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
929 B<Note:> This method of adding plugins is deprecated. The ability
930 to add plugins like this B<will be removed> in a Catalyst 5.81.
931 Please do not use this functionality in new code.
936 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
938 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
939 $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in Catalyst 5.81/);
941 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
943 eval { $plugin->import };
944 $class->mk_classdata($name);
946 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
949 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
950 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
954 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
960 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
961 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
962 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
966 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
971 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
972 croak('Running setup more than once')
973 if ( $class->setup_finished );
975 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
977 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
978 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
981 if ( $class->arguments ) {
982 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
988 foreach (@arguments) {
992 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
994 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
995 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
998 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
1002 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
1004 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
1005 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
1006 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
1007 $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
1008 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
1010 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
1012 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
1013 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
1016 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
1020 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
1021 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
1022 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
1023 You are running an old script!
1025 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
1026 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
1028 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
1029 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
1034 if ( $class->debug ) {
1035 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
1038 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1039 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1040 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
1041 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1044 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
1045 my $engine = $class->engine;
1046 my $home = $class->config->{home};
1048 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1049 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1053 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1054 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1055 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1058 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1060 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1061 local *setup = sub { };
1065 # Initialize our data structure
1066 $class->components( {} );
1068 $class->setup_components;
1070 if ( $class->debug ) {
1071 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1072 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1073 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1074 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1075 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1077 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1078 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1081 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1082 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1083 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1086 $class->setup_actions;
1088 if ( $class->debug ) {
1089 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1090 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1092 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1094 # Make sure that the application class becomes immutable at this point,
1095 # which ensures that it gets an inlined constructor. This means that it
1096 # works even if the user has added a plugin which contains a new method.
1097 # Note however that we have to do the work on scope end, so that method
1098 # modifiers work correctly in MyApp (as you have to call setup _before_
1099 # applying modifiers).
1100 Scope::Upper::reap(sub {
1101 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
1102 $meta->make_immutable unless $meta->is_immutable;
1103 }, Scope::Upper::SCOPE(1));
1105 $class->setup_finalize;
1109 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1111 A hook to attach modifiers to.
1112 Using C<< after setup => sub{}; >> doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1113 Also better than C< setup_finished(); >, as that is a getter method.
1115 sub setup_finalize {
1119 ## do stuff, i.e., determine a primary key column for sessions stored in a DB
1121 $app->next::method(@_);
1128 sub setup_finalize {
1130 $class->setup_finished(1);
1133 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1135 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path, @args?, \%query_values? )
1141 A Catalyst::Action object representing the Catalyst action you want to
1142 create a URI for. To get one for an action in the current controller,
1143 use C<< $c->action('someactionname') >>. To get one from different
1144 controller, fetch the controller using C<< $c->controller() >>, then
1145 call C<action_for> on it.
1147 You can maintain the arguments captured by an action (e.g.: Regex, Chained)
1148 using C<< $c->req->captures >>.
1150 # For the current action
1151 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures);
1153 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1154 $c->uri_for($c->controller->('Bar')->action_for('Foo'), $c->req->captures);
1161 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1163 if ( blessed($path) ) { # action object
1164 my $captures = ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1168 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
1169 if (not defined $path) {
1170 $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
1174 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1177 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1180 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1182 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1183 s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go for @args;
1185 unshift(@args, $path);
1187 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1188 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1189 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1190 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1192 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1195 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1196 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1197 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1199 my $base = $c->req->base;
1200 my $class = ref($base);
1201 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1205 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1206 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1207 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1208 my $val = $params->{$_};
1209 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1212 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1215 utf8::encode( $_ ) if utf8::is_utf8($_);
1216 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1217 s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1219 "${key}=$_"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1223 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1227 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1229 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1235 A private path to the Catalyst action you want to create a URI for.
1237 This is a shortcut for calling C<< $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path)
1238 >> and passing the resulting C<$action> and the remaining arguments to C<<
1241 You can also pass in a Catalyst::Action object, in which case it is passed to
1248 sub uri_for_action {
1249 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1250 my $action = blessed($path)
1252 : $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path);
1253 unless (defined $action) {
1254 croak "Can't find action for path '$path'";
1256 return $c->uri_for( $action, @args );
1259 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1261 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1265 sub welcome_message {
1267 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1268 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1269 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1270 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1272 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1273 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1274 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1276 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1277 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1278 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1279 <style type="text/css">
1282 background-color: #eee;
1289 margin-bottom: 10px;
1291 background-color: #ccc;
1292 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1297 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1300 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1303 text-decoration: none;
1305 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1307 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1320 background-color: #fff;
1321 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1325 font-weight: normal;
1347 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1352 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1354 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1355 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1356 framework will make web development something you had
1357 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1358 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1359 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1360 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1361 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1362 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1363 <pre>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1365 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1367 <code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1368 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1370 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1371 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1372 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
1373 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a>, and
1374 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>;
1375 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1376 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl -help</code></pre>
1377 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1378 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1379 you are likely to find what you need there.
1383 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1384 get in touch with us.</p>
1387 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1390 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1393 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1396 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1397 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1398 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1399 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1407 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1409 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1411 =head2 $c->components
1413 Returns a hash of components.
1415 =head2 $c->context_class
1417 Returns or sets the context class.
1421 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1422 deep recursion detection).
1426 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1430 Dispatches a request to actions.
1434 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1436 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1438 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1440 =head2 $c->dump_these
1442 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1443 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1449 [ Request => $c->req ],
1450 [ Response => $c->res ],
1451 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1452 [ Config => $c->config ];
1455 =head2 $c->engine_class
1457 Returns or sets the engine class.
1459 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1461 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1467 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1468 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1471 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1472 my $action = $code->reverse();
1473 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1474 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1475 $c->log->error($error);
1481 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1483 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1485 eval { $c->state( $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0 ) };
1487 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1489 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1491 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1492 if ( !ref($error) and $error eq $DETACH ) {
1493 die $DETACH if($c->depth > 1);
1495 elsif ( !ref($error) and $error eq $GO ) {
1496 die $GO if($c->depth > 0);
1499 unless ( ref $error ) {
1500 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1502 my $class = $last->class;
1503 my $name = $last->name;
1504 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1513 sub _stats_start_execute {
1514 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1516 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1517 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1519 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1520 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1522 my $action = $action_name;
1523 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1525 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1526 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1527 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1529 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1531 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1532 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1534 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1535 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1536 $action = "-> $action";
1541 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1543 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1544 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1546 # forward, locate the caller
1547 if ( my $parent = $c->stack->[-1] ) {
1550 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1556 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1575 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1576 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1577 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1580 =head2 $c->_localize_fields( sub { }, \%keys );
1584 #Why does this exist? This is no longer safe and WILL NOT WORK.
1585 # it doesnt seem to be used anywhere. can we remove it?
1586 sub _localize_fields {
1587 my ( $c, $localized, $code ) = ( @_ );
1589 my $request = delete $localized->{request} || {};
1590 my $response = delete $localized->{response} || {};
1592 local @{ $c }{ keys %$localized } = values %$localized;
1593 local @{ $c->request }{ keys %$request } = values %$request;
1594 local @{ $c->response }{ keys %$response } = values %$response;
1601 Finalizes the request.
1608 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1609 $c->log->error($error);
1612 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1613 my $engine = $c->engine;
1614 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
1619 $c->finalize_uploads;
1622 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1626 $c->finalize_headers;
1629 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
1630 $c->response->body('');
1636 if ($c->use_stats) {
1637 my $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $c->stats->elapsed;
1638 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1640 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1643 return $c->response->status;
1646 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1652 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1654 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1660 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1662 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1668 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1670 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1676 sub finalize_headers {
1679 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
1681 # Check if we already finalized headers
1682 return if $response->finalized_headers;
1685 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
1686 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1687 $response->header( Location => $location );
1689 if ( !$response->has_body ) {
1690 # Add a default body if none is already present
1692 qq{<html><body><p>This item has moved <a href="$location">here</a>.</p></body></html>}
1698 if ( $response->body && !$response->content_length ) {
1700 # get the length from a filehandle
1701 if ( blessed( $response->body ) && $response->body->can('read') )
1703 my $stat = stat $response->body;
1704 if ( $stat && $stat->size > 0 ) {
1705 $response->content_length( $stat->size );
1708 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1712 # everything should be bytes at this point, but just in case
1713 $response->content_length( bytes::length( $response->body ) );
1718 if ( $response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1719 $response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1720 $response->body('');
1723 $c->finalize_cookies;
1725 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1728 $response->finalized_headers(1);
1731 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1733 An alias for finalize_body.
1735 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1737 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1741 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1743 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1745 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1749 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1751 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1753 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1757 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1759 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1761 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1766 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1768 =head2 $c->handle_request( $class, @arguments )
1770 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1774 sub handle_request {
1775 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1777 # Always expect worst case!
1780 if ($class->debug) {
1781 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1782 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1783 my $time = localtime time;
1784 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
1787 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1789 $status = $c->finalize;
1792 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1794 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1799 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
1800 $class->log->$coderef();
1805 =head2 $c->prepare( @arguments )
1807 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
1813 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1816 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
1817 # into the application.
1818 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
1820 my $c = $class->context_class->new({});
1822 # For on-demand data
1823 $c->request->_context($c);
1824 $c->response->_context($c);
1826 #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
1827 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
1829 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
1832 #XXX reuse coderef from can
1833 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
1834 if ( $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
1835 $c->engine->prepare( $c, @arguments );
1838 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
1839 $c->prepare_connection;
1840 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
1841 $c->prepare_headers;
1842 $c->prepare_cookies;
1845 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
1846 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
1849 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
1850 unless ( $c->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
1855 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
1856 my $path = $c->req->path;
1857 $path = '/' unless length $path;
1858 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
1860 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/)
1868 =head2 $c->prepare_action
1870 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1874 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
1876 =head2 $c->prepare_body
1878 Prepares message body.
1885 return if $c->request->_has_body;
1887 # Initialize on-demand data
1888 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
1889 $c->prepare_parameters;
1890 $c->prepare_uploads;
1892 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1893 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1894 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1895 my $param = $c->req->body_parameters->{$key};
1896 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1898 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1900 $c->log->debug( "Body Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1904 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
1906 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
1908 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1912 sub prepare_body_chunk {
1914 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
1917 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
1919 Prepares body parameters.
1923 sub prepare_body_parameters {
1925 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
1928 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
1930 Prepares connection.
1934 sub prepare_connection {
1936 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
1939 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
1945 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1947 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
1953 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
1955 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
1957 Prepares parameters.
1961 sub prepare_parameters {
1963 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
1964 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
1967 =head2 $c->prepare_path
1969 Prepares path and base.
1973 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
1975 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
1977 Prepares query parameters.
1981 sub prepare_query_parameters {
1984 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
1986 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->query_parameters } ) {
1987 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1988 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->query_parameters } ) {
1989 my $param = $c->req->query_parameters->{$key};
1990 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1992 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1994 $c->log->debug( "Query Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1998 =head2 $c->prepare_read
2000 Prepares the input for reading.
2004 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
2006 =head2 $c->prepare_request
2008 Prepares the engine request.
2012 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
2014 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
2020 sub prepare_uploads {
2023 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
2025 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
2026 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
2027 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
2032 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
2033 my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{$key};
2034 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
2035 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
2038 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
2042 =head2 $c->prepare_write
2044 Prepares the output for writing.
2048 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
2050 =head2 $c->request_class
2052 Returns or sets the request class.
2054 =head2 $c->response_class
2056 Returns or sets the response class.
2058 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
2060 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
2061 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
2062 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
2064 You have to set C<< MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} >> to use this
2067 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
2068 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
2069 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
2073 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
2081 sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
2083 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2085 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2089 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2091 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2093 Sets up actions for a component.
2097 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2099 =head2 $c->setup_components
2101 Sets up components. Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass
2102 additional options directly to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional
2103 search paths, specify a key named C<search_extra> as an array
2104 reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::> will have the
2105 application class name prepended to them.
2107 All components found will also have any
2108 L<Devel::InnerPackage|inner packages> loaded and set up as components.
2109 Note, that modules which are B<not> an I<inner package> of the main
2110 file namespace loaded will not be instantiated as components.
2114 sub setup_components {
2117 my @paths = qw( ::Controller ::C ::Model ::M ::View ::V );
2118 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2119 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2121 push @paths, @$extra;
2123 my $locator = Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2124 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } @paths ],
2128 my @comps = sort { length $a <=> length $b } $locator->plugins;
2129 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2131 my $deprecated_component_names = grep { /::[CMV]::/ } @comps;
2132 $class->log->warn(qq{Your application is using the deprecated ::[MVC]:: type naming scheme.\n}.
2133 qq{Please switch your class names to ::Model::, ::View:: and ::Controller: as appropriate.\n}
2134 ) if $deprecated_component_names;
2136 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2138 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2139 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2140 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2142 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2143 #Class::MOP::load_class($component);
2145 my $module = $class->setup_component( $component );
2147 $component => $module,
2149 $_ => $class->setup_component( $_ )
2151 not exists $comps{$_}
2152 } Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $component )
2155 for my $key ( keys %modules ) {
2156 $class->components->{ $key } = $modules{ $key };
2161 =head2 $c->setup_component
2165 sub setup_component {
2166 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2168 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2172 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2173 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2175 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2177 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2179 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2180 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2184 unless (blessed $instance) {
2185 my $metaclass = Moose::Util::find_meta($component);
2186 my $method_meta = $metaclass->find_method_by_name('COMPONENT');
2187 my $component_method_from = $method_meta->associated_metaclass->name;
2188 my $value = defined($instance) ? $instance : 'undef';
2189 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2191 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", COMPONENT() method (from $component_method_from) didn't return an object-like value (value was $value)./
2197 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2203 sub setup_dispatcher {
2204 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2207 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2210 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2211 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2214 unless ($dispatcher) {
2215 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2218 Class::MOP::load_class($dispatcher);
2220 # dispatcher instance
2221 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2224 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2231 my ( $class, $engine ) = @_;
2234 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine;
2237 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'ENGINE' ) ) {
2238 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $env;
2241 if ( $ENV{MOD_PERL} ) {
2242 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
2244 # create the apache method
2245 $meta->add_method('apache' => sub { shift->engine->apache });
2247 my ( $software, $version ) =
2248 $ENV{MOD_PERL} =~ /^(\S+)\/(\d+(?:[\.\_]\d+)+)/;
2251 $version =~ s/(\.[^.]+)\./$1/g;
2253 if ( $software eq 'mod_perl' ) {
2257 if ( $version >= 1.99922 ) {
2258 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20';
2261 elsif ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
2262 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19';
2265 elsif ( $version >= 1.24 ) {
2266 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13';
2270 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
2271 qq/Unsupported mod_perl version: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
2276 # install the correct mod_perl handler
2277 if ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
2278 *handler = sub : method {
2279 shift->handle_request(@_);
2283 *handler = sub ($$) { shift->handle_request(@_) };
2288 elsif ( $software eq 'Zeus-Perl' ) {
2289 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Zeus';
2293 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2294 message => qq/Unsupported mod_perl: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
2299 $engine = $class->engine_class;
2302 Class::MOP::load_class($engine);
2304 # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
2306 if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
2307 && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
2312 elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
2313 && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
2318 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
2319 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2324 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
2325 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2331 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
2332 qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
2337 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2340 =head2 $c->setup_home
2342 Sets up the home directory.
2347 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2349 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
2353 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2356 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
2357 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2358 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2362 =head2 $c->setup_log
2364 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
2365 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
2368 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
2369 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
2370 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
2372 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
2373 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
2374 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
2379 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
2382 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
2383 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
2384 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels || '';
2386 unless ( $class->log ) {
2387 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
2390 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
2391 if ( defined($env_debug) or $levels{debug} ) {
2392 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
2393 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2397 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2403 =head2 $c->setup_stats
2405 Sets up timing statistics class.
2410 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
2412 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
2414 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
2415 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
2416 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
2417 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
2422 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
2424 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
2425 import list or which have been added via C<< MyApp->plugin(@args); >>.
2427 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
2428 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
2429 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
2431 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
2439 sub registered_plugins {
2441 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
2443 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
2444 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
2447 sub _register_plugin {
2448 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
2449 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
2451 # no ignore_loaded here, the plugin may already have been
2452 # defined in memory and we don't want to error on "no file" if so
2454 Class::MOP::load_class( $plugin );
2456 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
2459 if ( my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class) ) {
2460 my @superclasses = ($plugin, $meta->superclasses );
2461 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
2463 unshift @{"$class\::ISA"}, $plugin;
2470 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
2472 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
2474 for my $plugin ( reverse @$plugins ) {
2476 unless ( $plugin =~ s/\A\+// ) {
2477 $plugin = "Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin";
2480 $class->_register_plugin($plugin);
2487 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
2488 currently executing).
2490 =head2 $c->stats_class
2492 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class.
2494 =head2 $c->use_stats
2496 Returns 1 when stats collection is enabled. Stats collection is enabled
2497 when the -Stats options is set, debug is on or when the <MYAPP>_STATS
2498 environment variable is set.
2500 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overloaded
2501 by declaring "sub use_stats { 1 }" in your MyApp.pm, not by calling $c->use_stats(1).
2508 =head2 $c->write( $data )
2510 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
2511 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
2512 your output data, if known.
2519 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
2520 $c->finalize_headers;
2522 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
2527 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
2528 messages in template systems.
2532 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
2534 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
2536 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
2537 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
2538 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
2540 MyApp->config->{show_internal_actions} = 1;
2542 =head1 CASE SENSITIVITY
2544 By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> is
2545 mapped to C</foo/bar>. You can activate case sensitivity with a config
2548 MyApp->config->{case_sensitive} = 1;
2550 This causes C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> to map to C</Foo/Bar>.
2552 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
2554 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
2555 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
2556 parsing with a config parameter.
2558 MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} = 1;
2560 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
2562 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
2563 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
2564 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
2565 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
2566 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
2567 virtual host that the user connected through.
2569 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
2570 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
2571 changes are made to the request.
2573 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
2574 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
2576 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
2577 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
2579 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
2581 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
2582 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
2583 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
2586 MyApp->config->{using_frontend_proxy} = 1;
2588 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
2590 MyApp->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy} = 1;
2592 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
2594 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
2595 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
2596 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
2598 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
2599 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
2600 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
2606 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
2610 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
2611 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
2615 http://catalyst.perl.org
2619 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
2623 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
2625 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
2627 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Base> - Base classes for components
2629 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
2631 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
2633 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
2635 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
2637 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
2639 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
2641 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
2647 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
2655 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2657 audreyt: Audrey Tang
2659 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
2661 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
2663 chansen: Christian Hansen
2665 chicks: Christopher Hicks
2669 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
2673 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
2675 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
2677 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
2683 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
2685 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
2687 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
2693 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
2695 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
2697 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
2699 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2703 naughton: David Naughton
2705 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
2707 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
2709 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
2713 omega: Andreas Marienborg
2715 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
2717 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
2719 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
2723 the_jester: Jesse Sheidlower
2725 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
2729 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
2733 This library is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
2734 the same terms as Perl itself.
2740 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;