4 use Moose::Meta::Class ();
5 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Moose::Util qw/find_meta/;
7 use B::Hooks::EndOfScope ();
8 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Exception::Detach;
10 use Catalyst::Exception::Go;
12 use Catalyst::Request;
13 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
14 use Catalyst::Response;
16 use Catalyst::Controller;
18 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
19 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
20 use Text::SimpleTable ();
21 use Path::Class::Dir ();
22 use Path::Class::File ();
26 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
27 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
28 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
29 use List::MoreUtils qw/uniq/;
31 use String::RewritePrefix;
32 use Catalyst::EngineLoader;
34 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
36 use Plack::Middleware::Conditional;
37 use Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy;
38 use Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix;
39 use Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix;
41 BEGIN { require 5.008004; }
43 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
44 has stash => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
45 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
46 has stats => (is => 'rw');
47 has action => (is => 'rw');
48 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
49 has request => (is => 'rw', default => sub { $_[0]->request_class->new({}) }, required => 1, lazy => 1);
50 has response => (is => 'rw', default => sub { $_[0]->response_class->new({}) }, required => 1, lazy => 1);
51 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
53 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
54 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
57 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
60 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
63 # For backwards compatibility
64 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
69 our $RECURSION = 1000;
70 our $DETACH = Catalyst::Exception::Detach->new;
71 our $GO = Catalyst::Exception::Go->new;
73 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
74 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
75 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
76 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
77 engine_loader context_class request_class response_class stats_class
78 setup_finished _psgi_app loading_psgi_file/;
80 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
81 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
82 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
83 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
85 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
87 our $VERSION = '5.90004';
90 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
92 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
94 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
96 my $caller = caller();
97 return if $caller eq 'main';
99 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
100 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
101 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
102 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
104 # Avoid possible C3 issues if 'Moose::Object' is already on RHS of MyApp
105 $meta->superclasses(grep { $_ ne 'Moose::Object' } $meta->superclasses);
107 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
108 if ($Moose::VERSION >= 1.15) {
109 $meta->_add_meta_method('meta');
112 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
116 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
120 sub _application { $_[0] }
124 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
128 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
129 documentation and tutorials.
131 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
132 # use the helper to create a new application
135 # add models, views, controllers
136 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
137 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
138 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
140 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
141 # --help to see all available options
142 script/myapp_server.pl
144 # command line testing interface
145 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
148 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
150 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
151 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
152 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
153 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
154 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
156 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
157 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
158 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
159 # do something else after forward returns
163 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
164 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
168 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
169 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
171 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller downwards
173 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
174 if ( !$c->user_exists ) { # Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication
175 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
176 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
178 return 1; # success; carry on to next action
181 # called after all actions are finished
183 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
184 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
185 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
186 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
189 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
190 # called for /foo/bar
191 sub bar : Local { ... }
193 # called for /blargle
194 sub blargle : Global { ... }
196 # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
197 sub index : Private { ... }
199 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
200 # called for /foo/bar/baz
201 sub baz : Local { ... }
203 # first Root auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
204 sub auto : Private { ... }
206 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
207 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
208 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
209 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
210 my $product = $c->req->captures->[0];
213 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
217 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
218 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
219 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
220 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
222 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
224 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
225 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
226 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
229 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
231 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
232 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
236 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
239 Special flags like C<-Debug> and C<-Engine> can also be specified as
240 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
242 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
244 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
245 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
247 The following flags are supported:
251 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
252 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
253 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
256 This sets the log level to 'debug' and enables full debug output on the
257 error screen. If you only want the latter, see L<< $c->debug >>.
261 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine. Omit the
262 C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
264 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
268 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
270 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
272 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
273 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
274 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
275 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
276 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
278 If none of these are set, Catalyst will attempt to automatically detect the
279 home directory. If you are working in a development envirnoment, Catalyst
280 will try and find the directory containing either Makefile.PL, Build.PL or
281 dist.ini. If the application has been installed into the system (i.e.
282 you have done C<make install>), then Catalyst will use the path to your
283 application module, without the .pm extension (ie, /foo/MyApp if your
284 application was installed at /foo/MyApp.pm)
288 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
290 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
294 Enables statistics collection and reporting.
296 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/;
298 You can also force this setting from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS
299 or <MYAPP>_STATS. The environment settings override the application, with
300 <MYAPP>_STATS having the highest priority.
302 Stats are also enabled if L<< debugging |/"-Debug" >> is enabled.
306 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
310 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
311 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
315 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
316 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
318 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
319 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
325 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
326 information about the current client request (including parameters,
327 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
329 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
331 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
333 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
335 Forwards processing to another action, by its private name. If you give a
336 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
337 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
338 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
339 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
341 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
344 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
345 $c->forward('index');
346 $c->forward(qw/Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
347 $c->forward('View::TT');
349 Note that L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >> implies
350 an C<< eval { } >> around the call (actually
351 L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus de-fatalizing
352 all 'dies' within the called action. If you want C<die> to propagate you
353 need to do something like:
356 die join "\n", @{ $c->error } if @{ $c->error };
358 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
361 $c->forward('foo') || return;
363 Another note is that C<< $c->forward >> always returns a scalar because it
364 actually returns $c->state which operates in a scalar context.
365 Thus, something like:
369 in an action that is forwarded to is going to return a scalar,
370 i.e. how many items are in that array, which is probably not what you want.
371 If you need to return an array then return a reference to it,
374 $c->stash->{array} = \@array;
376 and access it from the stash.
378 Keep in mind that the C<end> method used is that of the caller action. So a C<$c-E<gt>detach> inside a forwarded action would run the C<end> method from the original action requested.
382 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
384 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
386 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
390 The same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, but
391 doesn't return to the previous action when processing is finished.
393 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
397 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
399 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
401 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
403 Almost the same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>,
404 but does a full dispatch, instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
405 C<< $class->$method >>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the method
406 you go to are called, just like a new request.
408 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
409 This means, for example, that C<< $c->action >> methods such as
410 L<name|Catalyst::Action/name>, L<class|Catalyst::Action/class> and
411 L<reverse|Catalyst::Action/reverse> return information for the visited action
412 when they are invoked within the visited action. This is different from the
413 behavior of L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, which
414 continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
415 invoked from the callee.
417 C<< $c->stash >> is kept unchanged.
419 In effect, L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >>
420 allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it would have been called by
421 dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
422 L<< go|/"$c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> allows you to
423 transfer control to another action as if it had been reached directly from a URL.
427 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
429 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
431 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
433 The relationship between C<go> and
434 L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> is the same as
435 the relationship between
436 L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )" >> and
437 L<< detach|/"$c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>. Like C<< $c->visit >>,
438 C<< $c->go >> will perform a full dispatch on the specified action or method,
439 with localized C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >>. Like C<detach>,
440 C<go> escapes the processing of the current request chain on completion, and
441 does not return to its caller.
443 @arguments are arguments to the final destination of $action. @captures are
444 arguments to the intermediate steps, if any, on the way to the final sub of
449 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
455 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
459 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
460 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
461 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
462 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
463 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
464 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
467 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
468 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
469 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
471 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
472 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
476 around stash => sub {
479 my $stash = $orig->($c);
481 my $new_stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
482 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $new_stash;
483 foreach my $key ( keys %$new_stash ) {
484 $stash->{$key} = $new_stash->{$key};
494 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
496 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
498 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
499 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
500 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
502 my @error = @{ $c->error };
506 $c->error('Something bad happened');
513 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
514 croak @$error unless ref $c;
515 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
517 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
518 return $c->{error} || [];
524 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
525 Note that << $c->state >> operates in a scalar context which means that all
526 values it returns are scalar.
528 =head2 $c->clear_errors
530 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
531 implementing a custom error screen.
533 This is equivalent to running
544 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
546 return map $c->components->{ $_ }, $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes(@_);
549 # search components given a name and some prefixes
550 sub _comp_names_search_prefixes {
551 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
552 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
553 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
554 $filter = qr/$filter/; # Compile regex now rather than once per loop
556 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
557 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
558 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
560 # undef for a name will return all
561 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
563 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
564 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
566 return @result if @result;
568 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
571 # skip regexp fallback if configured
573 if $appclass->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
577 @result = grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
579 # no results? try against full names
581 @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
584 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
586 # Disgusting hack to work out correct method name
587 my $warn_for = lc $prefixes[0];
588 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), which found '" .
589 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
590 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
591 my $short = $result[0];
592 # remove the component namespace prefix
593 $short =~ s/.*?(Model|Controller|View):://;
594 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
595 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
596 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
598 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
599 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
600 "component's config";
602 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->${warn_for}('$short') instead of \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), " .
603 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
604 "like so: \$c->${warn_for}(qr/${name}/)";
606 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
612 # Find possible names for a prefix
614 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
615 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
617 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
619 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; }
620 $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
625 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
626 sub _filter_component {
627 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
629 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
630 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
636 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
638 =head2 $c->controller($name)
640 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
642 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
644 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
647 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
649 # find all controllers that start with Foo
650 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
656 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
658 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
660 unless ( ref($name) ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
661 my $comps = $c->components;
662 my $check = $appclass."::Controller::".$name;
663 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
665 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
666 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
667 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
670 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
673 =head2 $c->model($name)
675 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
677 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
679 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
681 If the name is omitted, it will look for
682 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
683 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
684 - a config setting 'default_model', or
685 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
687 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
689 # find all models that start with Foo
690 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
695 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
696 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
698 unless ( ref($name) ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
699 my $comps = $c->components;
700 my $check = $appclass."::Model::".$name;
701 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
703 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
704 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
705 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
709 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
710 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
711 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
712 if $c->stash->{current_model};
714 return $c->model( $appclass->config->{default_model} )
715 if $appclass->config->{default_model};
717 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
720 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
721 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_model => "the name of the default model to use")' );
722 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
723 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
724 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
727 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
731 =head2 $c->view($name)
733 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
735 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
737 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
739 If the name is omitted, it will look for
740 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
741 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
742 - a config setting 'default_view', or
743 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
745 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
747 # find all views that start with Foo
748 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
753 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
755 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
757 unless ( ref($name) ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
758 my $comps = $c->components;
759 my $check = $appclass."::View::".$name;
760 if( exists $comps->{$check} ) {
761 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args );
764 $c->log->warn( "Attempted to use view '$check', but does not exist" );
767 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
768 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
769 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
773 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
774 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
775 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
776 if $c->stash->{current_view};
778 return $c->view( $appclass->config->{default_view} )
779 if $appclass->config->{default_view};
781 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
784 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
785 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_view => "the name of the default view to use")' );
786 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
787 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
788 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
791 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
794 =head2 $c->controllers
796 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
802 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
807 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
813 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
819 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
825 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
828 =head2 $c->comp($name)
830 =head2 $c->component($name)
832 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
833 unless you want to get a specific component by full
834 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
835 should be used instead.
837 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
838 component name will be returned.
840 If Catalyst can't find a component by name, it will fallback to regex
841 matching by default. To disable this behaviour set
842 disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback to a true value.
844 __PACKAGE__->config( disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback => 1 );
849 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
852 my $comps = $c->components;
855 # is it the exact name?
856 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
857 if exists $comps->{ $name };
859 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
860 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
861 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
862 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
864 # search all of the models, views and controllers
865 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
866 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
870 if $c->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
872 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
873 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
875 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
876 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
879 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
880 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
881 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
882 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
885 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
889 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
892 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
896 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
898 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
900 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or L<Config::General> config file
901 like C<myapp.conf> in your applications home directory. See
902 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
904 =head3 Cascading configuration
906 The config method is present on all Catalyst components, and configuration
907 will be merged when an application is started. Configuration loaded with
908 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> takes precedence over other configuration,
909 followed by configuration in your top level C<MyApp> class. These two
910 configurations are merged, and then configuration data whose hash key matches a
911 component name is merged with configuration for that component.
913 The configuration for a component is then passed to the C<new> method when a
914 component is constructed.
918 MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
919 MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', overrides => 'this' });
921 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
924 MyApp::Model::Foo->new({
930 It's common practice to use a Moose attribute
931 on the receiving component to access the config value.
933 package MyApp::Model::Foo;
937 # this attr will receive 'baz' at construction time
943 You can then get the value 'baz' by calling $c->model('Foo')->bar
944 (or $self->bar inside code in the model).
946 B<NOTE:> you MUST NOT call C<< $self->config >> or C<< __PACKAGE__->config >>
947 as a way of reading config within your code, as this B<will not> give you the
948 correctly merged config back. You B<MUST> take the config values supplied to
949 the constructor and use those instead.
953 around config => sub {
957 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
958 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
965 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
966 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
967 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
968 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
970 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
975 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
977 Your log class should implement the methods described in
983 Returns 1 if debug mode is enabled, 0 otherwise.
985 You can enable debug mode in several ways:
989 =item By calling myapp_server.pl with the -d flag
991 =item With the environment variables MYAPP_DEBUG, or CATALYST_DEBUG
993 =item The -Debug option in your MyApp.pm
995 =item By declaring C<sub debug { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm.
999 The first three also set the log level to 'debug'.
1001 Calling C<< $c->debug(1) >> has no effect.
1007 =head2 $c->dispatcher
1009 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1013 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1016 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
1018 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
1020 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
1021 L<Path::Class::Dir> object. Note you can usually use this object as
1022 a filename, but sometimes you will have to explicitly stringify it
1023 yourself by calling the C<< ->stringify >> method.
1027 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
1032 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
1033 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
1034 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
1035 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
1038 =head2 $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
1040 Helper method for plugins. It creates a class data accessor/mutator and
1041 loads and instantiates the given class.
1043 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
1045 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
1047 B<Note:> This method of adding plugins is deprecated. The ability
1048 to add plugins like this B<will be removed> in a Catalyst 5.81.
1049 Please do not use this functionality in new code.
1054 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
1056 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
1057 $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in Catalyst 5.81/);
1059 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
1061 eval { $plugin->import };
1062 $class->mk_classdata($name);
1064 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
1067 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1068 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1071 $class->$name($obj);
1072 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
1078 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
1079 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
1080 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
1084 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
1089 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1090 croak('Running setup more than once')
1091 if ( $class->setup_finished );
1093 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
1095 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1096 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
1099 if ( $class->arguments ) {
1100 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
1106 foreach (@arguments) {
1110 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
1112 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
1113 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
1116 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
1120 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
1122 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
1123 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
1124 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
1125 if (my $engine = delete $flags->{engine}) {
1126 $class->log->warn("Specifying the engine in ->setup is no longer supported, see Catalyst::Upgrading");
1128 $class->setup_engine();
1129 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
1131 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
1133 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
1134 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
1137 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
1141 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
1142 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
1143 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
1144 You are running an old script!
1146 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
1147 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
1149 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
1150 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
1155 if ( $class->debug ) {
1156 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
1159 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1160 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1161 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
1162 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1165 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
1166 my $engine = $class->engine;
1167 my $home = $class->config->{home};
1169 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1170 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1174 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1175 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1176 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1179 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1180 # Also screws C3 badly on 5.10, hack to avoid.
1182 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1183 local *setup = sub { };
1184 $class->setup unless $Catalyst::__AM_RESTARTING;
1187 # Initialize our data structure
1188 $class->components( {} );
1190 $class->setup_components;
1192 if ( $class->debug ) {
1193 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1194 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1195 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1196 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1197 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1199 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1200 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1203 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1204 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1205 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1208 $class->setup_actions;
1210 if ( $class->debug ) {
1211 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1212 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1215 # Make sure that the application class becomes immutable at this point,
1216 B::Hooks::EndOfScope::on_scope_end {
1218 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
1221 && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
1223 $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast')
1224 || $class->isa('Class::Accessor')
1227 warn "You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
1228 . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
1229 . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
1230 . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
1231 . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n";
1233 $meta->make_immutable(
1234 replace_constructor => 1,
1235 ) unless $meta->is_immutable;
1238 if ($class->config->{case_sensitive}) {
1239 $class->log->warn($class . "->config->{case_sensitive} is set.");
1240 $class->log->warn("This setting is deprecated and planned to be removed in Catalyst 5.81.");
1243 $class->setup_finalize;
1244 # Should be the last thing we do so that user things hooking
1245 # setup_finalize can log..
1246 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1247 return 1; # Explicit return true as people have __PACKAGE__->setup as the last thing in their class. HATE.
1250 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1252 A hook to attach modifiers to. This method does not do anything except set the
1253 C<setup_finished> accessor.
1255 Applying method modifiers to the C<setup> method doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1259 after setup_finalize => sub {
1267 sub setup_finalize {
1269 $class->setup_finished(1);
1272 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1274 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1276 Constructs an absolute L<URI> object based on the application root, the
1277 provided path, and the additional arguments and query parameters provided.
1278 When used as a string, provides a textual URI. If you need more flexibility
1279 than this (i.e. the option to provide relative URIs etc.) see
1280 L<Catalyst::Plugin::SmartURI>.
1282 If no arguments are provided, the URI for the current action is returned.
1283 To return the current action and also provide @args, use
1284 C<< $c->uri_for( $c->action, @args ) >>.
1286 If the first argument is a string, it is taken as a public URI path relative
1287 to C<< $c->namespace >> (if it doesn't begin with a forward slash) or
1288 relative to the application root (if it does). It is then merged with
1289 C<< $c->request->base >>; any C<@args> are appended as additional path
1290 components; and any C<%query_values> are appended as C<?foo=bar> parameters.
1292 If the first argument is a L<Catalyst::Action> it represents an action which
1293 will have its path resolved using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >>. The
1294 optional C<\@captures> argument (an arrayref) allows passing the captured
1295 variables that are needed to fill in the paths of Chained and Regex actions;
1296 once the path is resolved, C<uri_for> continues as though a path was
1297 provided, appending any arguments or parameters and creating an absolute
1300 The captures for the current request can be found in
1301 C<< $c->request->captures >>, and actions can be resolved using
1302 C<< Catalyst::Controller->action_for($name) >>. If you have a private action
1303 path, use C<< $c->uri_for_action >> instead.
1305 # Equivalent to $c->req->uri
1306 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures,
1307 @{ $c->req->args }, $c->req->params);
1309 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1310 $c->uri_for($c->controller('Bar')->action_for('Foo'));
1312 # Path to a static resource
1313 $c->uri_for('/static/images/logo.png');
1318 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1320 if (blessed($path) && $path->isa('Catalyst::Controller')) {
1321 $path = $path->path_prefix;
1326 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1329 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1331 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1332 foreach my $arg (@args) {
1333 utf8::encode($arg) if utf8::is_utf8($arg);
1334 $arg =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1337 if ( blessed($path) ) { # action object
1338 s|/|%2F|g for @args;
1339 my $captures = [ map { s|/|%2F|g; $_; }
1340 ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1344 foreach my $capture (@$captures) {
1345 utf8::encode($capture) if utf8::is_utf8($capture);
1346 $capture =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1350 # ->uri_for( $action, \@captures_and_args, \%query_values? )
1351 if( !@args && $action->number_of_args ) {
1352 my $expanded_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action( $action );
1354 my $num_captures = $expanded_action->number_of_captures;
1355 unshift @args, splice @$captures, $num_captures;
1358 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
1359 if (not defined $path) {
1360 $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
1364 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1367 unshift(@args, $path);
1369 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1370 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1371 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1372 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1374 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1377 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1378 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1379 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1381 my $base = $c->req->base;
1382 my $class = ref($base);
1383 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1387 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1388 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1389 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1390 my $val = $params->{$_};
1391 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1394 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1397 utf8::encode( $param ) if utf8::is_utf8($param);
1398 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1399 $param =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1401 "${key}=$param"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1405 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1409 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1411 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1417 A private path to the Catalyst action you want to create a URI for.
1419 This is a shortcut for calling C<< $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path)
1420 >> and passing the resulting C<$action> and the remaining arguments to C<<
1423 You can also pass in a Catalyst::Action object, in which case it is passed to
1426 Note that although the path looks like a URI that dispatches to the wanted action, it is not a URI, but an internal path to that action.
1428 For example, if the action looks like:
1430 package MyApp::Controller::Users;
1432 sub lst : Path('the-list') {}
1436 $c->uri_for_action('/users/lst')
1438 and it will create the URI /users/the-list.
1444 sub uri_for_action {
1445 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1446 my $action = blessed($path)
1448 : $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path);
1449 unless (defined $action) {
1450 croak "Can't find action for path '$path'";
1452 return $c->uri_for( $action, @args );
1455 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1457 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1461 sub welcome_message {
1463 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1464 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1465 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1466 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1468 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1469 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1470 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1472 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1473 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1474 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1475 <style type="text/css">
1478 background-color: #eee;
1485 margin-bottom: 10px;
1487 background-color: #ccc;
1488 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1493 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1496 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1499 text-decoration: none;
1501 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1503 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1516 background-color: #fff;
1517 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1521 font-weight: normal;
1543 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1548 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1550 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1551 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1552 framework will make web development something you had
1553 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1554 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1555 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1556 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1557 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1558 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1559 <pre>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1561 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1563 <code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1564 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1566 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1567 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1568 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
1569 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a>, and
1570 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>;
1571 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1572 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl --help</code></pre>
1573 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1574 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1575 you are likely to find what you need there.
1579 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1580 get in touch with us.</p>
1583 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1586 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1589 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1592 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1593 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1594 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1595 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1603 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1605 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1607 =head2 $c->components
1609 Returns a hash of components.
1611 =head2 $c->context_class
1613 Returns or sets the context class.
1617 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1618 deep recursion detection).
1622 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1626 Dispatches a request to actions.
1630 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1632 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1634 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1636 =head2 $c->dump_these
1638 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1639 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1645 [ Request => $c->req ],
1646 [ Response => $c->res ],
1647 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1648 [ Config => $c->config ];
1651 =head2 $c->engine_class
1653 Returns or sets the engine class.
1655 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1657 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1663 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1664 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1667 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1668 my $action = $code->reverse();
1669 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1670 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1671 $c->log->error($error);
1677 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1679 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1681 no warnings 'recursion';
1682 # N.B. This used to be combined, but I have seen $c get clobbered if so, and
1683 # I have no idea how, ergo $ret (which appears to fix the issue)
1684 eval { my $ret = $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0; $c->state( $ret ) };
1686 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1688 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1690 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1691 if ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Detach') ) {
1692 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 1;
1694 elsif ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Go') ) {
1695 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 0;
1698 unless ( ref $error ) {
1699 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1701 my $class = $last->class;
1702 my $name = $last->name;
1703 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1712 sub _stats_start_execute {
1713 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1714 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
1715 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1716 && ( !$appclass->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1718 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1719 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1721 my $action = $action_name;
1722 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1724 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1725 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1726 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1728 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1730 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1731 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1733 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1734 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1735 $action = "-> $action";
1740 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1742 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1743 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1744 my $parent = $c->stack->[-1];
1746 # forward, locate the caller
1747 if ( defined $parent && exists $c->counter->{"$parent"} ) {
1750 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1756 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1775 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1776 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1777 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1782 Finalizes the request.
1789 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1790 $c->log->error($error);
1793 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1794 my $engine = $c->engine;
1795 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
1800 $c->finalize_uploads;
1803 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1807 $c->finalize_headers;
1810 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
1811 $c->response->body('');
1819 if ($c->use_stats) {
1820 my $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $c->stats->elapsed;
1821 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1823 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1826 return $c->response->status;
1829 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1835 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1837 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1843 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1845 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1851 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1853 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1859 sub finalize_headers {
1862 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
1864 # Check if we already finalized headers
1865 return if $response->finalized_headers;
1868 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
1869 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1870 $response->header( Location => $location );
1872 if ( !$response->has_body ) {
1873 # Add a default body if none is already present
1874 $response->body(<<"EOF");
1875 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
1876 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
1878 <title>Moved</title>
1881 <p>This item has moved <a href="$location">here</a>.</p>
1885 $response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1890 if ( defined $response->body && length $response->body && !$response->content_length ) {
1892 # get the length from a filehandle
1893 if ( blessed( $response->body ) && $response->body->can('read') || ref( $response->body ) eq 'GLOB' )
1895 my $size = -s $response->body;
1897 $response->content_length( $size );
1900 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1904 # everything should be bytes at this point, but just in case
1905 $response->content_length( length( $response->body ) );
1910 if ( $response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1911 $response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1912 $response->body('');
1915 $c->finalize_cookies;
1917 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1920 $response->finalized_headers(1);
1923 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1925 An alias for finalize_body.
1927 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1929 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1933 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1935 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1937 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1941 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1943 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1945 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1949 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1951 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1953 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1958 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1960 =head2 $app->handle_request( @arguments )
1962 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1966 sub handle_request {
1967 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1969 # Always expect worst case!
1972 if ($class->debug) {
1973 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1974 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1975 my $time = localtime time;
1976 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
1979 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1981 $status = $c->finalize;
1984 chomp(my $error = $_);
1985 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1990 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
1991 $class->log->$coderef();
1996 =head2 $class->prepare( @arguments )
1998 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
2004 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2007 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
2008 # into the application.
2009 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
2011 my $c = $class->context_class->new({});
2013 # For on-demand data
2014 $c->request->_context($c);
2015 $c->response->_context($c);
2017 #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
2018 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
2019 if ( $c->debug || $c->config->{enable_catalyst_header} ) {
2020 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
2024 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
2025 if ( my $prepare = $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
2026 $c->engine->$prepare( $c, @arguments );
2029 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
2030 $c->prepare_connection;
2031 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
2032 $c->prepare_headers;
2033 $c->prepare_cookies;
2036 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
2037 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
2040 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
2041 unless ( ref($c)->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
2046 # VERY ugly and probably shouldn't rely on ->finalize actually working
2048 # failed prepare is always due to an invalid request, right?
2049 $c->response->status(400);
2050 $c->response->content_type('text/plain');
2051 $c->response->body('Bad Request');
2056 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
2057 my $path = $c->req->path;
2058 $path = '/' unless length $path;
2059 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
2068 =head2 $c->prepare_action
2070 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
2074 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
2076 =head2 $c->prepare_body
2078 Prepares message body.
2085 return if $c->request->_has_body;
2087 # Initialize on-demand data
2088 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
2089 $c->prepare_parameters;
2090 $c->prepare_uploads;
2093 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
2095 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
2097 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
2101 sub prepare_body_chunk {
2103 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
2106 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
2108 Prepares body parameters.
2112 sub prepare_body_parameters {
2114 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
2117 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
2119 Prepares connection.
2123 sub prepare_connection {
2125 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
2128 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
2134 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
2136 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
2142 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
2144 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
2146 Prepares parameters.
2150 sub prepare_parameters {
2152 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
2153 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
2156 =head2 $c->prepare_path
2158 Prepares path and base.
2162 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
2164 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
2166 Prepares query parameters.
2170 sub prepare_query_parameters {
2173 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
2176 =head2 $c->log_request
2178 Writes information about the request to the debug logs. This includes:
2182 =item * Request method, path, and remote IP address
2184 =item * Query keywords (see L<Catalyst::Request/query_keywords>)
2186 =item * Request parameters
2188 =item * File uploads
2197 return unless $c->debug;
2199 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Request' } $c->dump_these;
2200 my $request = $dump->[1];
2202 my ( $method, $path, $address ) = ( $request->method, $request->path, $request->address );
2204 $path = '/' unless length $path;
2206 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/);
2208 $c->log_request_headers($request->headers);
2210 if ( my $keywords = $request->query_keywords ) {
2211 $c->log->debug("Query keywords are: $keywords");
2214 $c->log_request_parameters( query => $request->query_parameters, $request->_has_body ? (body => $request->body_parameters) : () );
2216 $c->log_request_uploads($request);
2219 =head2 $c->log_response
2221 Writes information about the response to the debug logs by calling
2222 C<< $c->log_response_status_line >> and C<< $c->log_response_headers >>.
2229 return unless $c->debug;
2231 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Response' } $c->dump_these;
2232 my $response = $dump->[1];
2234 $c->log_response_status_line($response);
2235 $c->log_response_headers($response->headers);
2238 =head2 $c->log_response_status_line($response)
2240 Writes one line of information about the response to the debug logs. This includes:
2244 =item * Response status code
2246 =item * Content-Type header (if present)
2248 =item * Content-Length header (if present)
2254 sub log_response_status_line {
2255 my ($c, $response) = @_;
2259 'Response Code: %s; Content-Type: %s; Content-Length: %s',
2260 $response->status || 'unknown',
2261 $response->headers->header('Content-Type') || 'unknown',
2262 $response->headers->header('Content-Length') || 'unknown'
2267 =head2 $c->log_response_headers($headers);
2269 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the responseheaders.
2270 No-op in the default implementation.
2274 sub log_response_headers {}
2276 =head2 $c->log_request_parameters( query => {}, body => {} )
2278 Logs request parameters to debug logs
2282 sub log_request_parameters {
2284 my %all_params = @_;
2286 return unless $c->debug;
2288 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 44;
2289 foreach my $type (qw(query body)) {
2290 my $params = $all_params{$type};
2291 next if ! keys %$params;
2292 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2293 for my $key ( sort keys %$params ) {
2294 my $param = $params->{$key};
2295 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
2296 $t->row( $key, ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
2298 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
2302 =head2 $c->log_request_uploads
2304 Logs file uploads included in the request to the debug logs.
2305 The parameter name, filename, file type, and file size are all included in
2310 sub log_request_uploads {
2312 my $request = shift;
2313 return unless $c->debug;
2314 my $uploads = $request->uploads;
2315 if ( keys %$uploads ) {
2316 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
2317 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
2322 for my $key ( sort keys %$uploads ) {
2323 my $upload = $uploads->{$key};
2324 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
2325 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
2328 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
2332 =head2 $c->log_request_headers($headers);
2334 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the request headers.
2335 No-op in the default implementation.
2339 sub log_request_headers {}
2341 =head2 $c->log_headers($type => $headers)
2343 Logs L<HTTP::Headers> (either request or response) to the debug logs.
2350 my $headers = shift; # an HTTP::Headers instance
2352 return unless $c->debug;
2354 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 28;
2355 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 15, 'Header Name' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2358 my ( $name, $value ) = @_;
2359 $t->row( $name, $value );
2362 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Headers:\n" . $t->draw );
2366 =head2 $c->prepare_read
2368 Prepares the input for reading.
2372 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
2374 =head2 $c->prepare_request
2376 Prepares the engine request.
2380 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
2382 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
2388 sub prepare_uploads {
2391 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
2394 =head2 $c->prepare_write
2396 Prepares the output for writing.
2400 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
2402 =head2 $c->request_class
2404 Returns or sets the request class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Request>.
2406 =head2 $c->response_class
2408 Returns or sets the response class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Response>.
2410 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
2412 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
2413 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
2414 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
2416 You have to set C<< MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1) >> to use this
2419 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
2420 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
2421 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
2425 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
2435 $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack ?
2436 $app->engine->run($app, @_) :
2437 $app->engine->run( $app, $app->_finalized_psgi_app, @_ );
2440 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2442 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2446 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2448 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2450 Sets up actions for a component.
2454 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2456 =head2 $c->setup_components
2458 This method is called internally to set up the application's components.
2460 It finds modules by calling the L<locate_components> method, expands them to
2461 package names with the L<expand_component_module> method, and then installs
2462 each component into the application.
2464 The C<setup_components> config option is passed to both of the above methods.
2466 Installation of each component is performed by the L<setup_component> method,
2471 sub setup_components {
2474 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2476 my @comps = $class->locate_components($config);
2477 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2479 my $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names = grep { /::[CMV]::/ } @comps;
2480 $class->log->warn(qq{Your application is using the deprecated ::[MVC]:: type naming scheme.\n}.
2481 qq{Please switch your class names to ::Model::, ::View:: and ::Controller: as appropriate.\n}
2482 ) if $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names;
2484 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2486 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2487 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2488 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2490 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2493 for my $component (@comps) {
2494 my $instance = $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2495 my @expanded_components = $instance->can('expand_modules')
2496 ? $instance->expand_modules( $component, $config )
2497 : $class->expand_component_module( $component, $config );
2498 for my $component (@expanded_components) {
2499 next if $comps{$component};
2500 $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2505 =head2 $c->locate_components( $setup_component_config )
2507 This method is meant to provide a list of component modules that should be
2508 setup for the application. By default, it will use L<Module::Pluggable>.
2510 Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass additional options directly
2511 to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional search paths, specify a key named
2512 C<search_extra> as an array reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::>
2513 will have the application class name prepended to them.
2517 sub locate_components {
2521 my @paths = qw( ::Controller ::C ::Model ::M ::View ::V );
2522 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2524 push @paths, @$extra;
2526 my $locator = Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2527 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } @paths ],
2531 # XXX think about ditching this sort entirely
2532 my @comps = sort { length $a <=> length $b } $locator->plugins;
2537 =head2 $c->expand_component_module( $component, $setup_component_config )
2539 Components found by C<locate_components> will be passed to this method, which
2540 is expected to return a list of component (package) names to be set up.
2544 sub expand_component_module {
2545 my ($class, $module) = @_;
2546 return Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $module );
2549 =head2 $c->setup_component
2553 sub setup_component {
2554 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2556 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2560 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2561 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2562 # Stash catalyst_component_name in the config here, so that custom COMPONENT
2563 # methods also pass it. local to avoid pointlessly shitting in config
2564 # for the debug screen, as $component is already the key name.
2565 local $config->{catalyst_component_name} = $component;
2567 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2569 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2571 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2572 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2576 unless (blessed $instance) {
2577 my $metaclass = Moose::Util::find_meta($component);
2578 my $method_meta = $metaclass->find_method_by_name('COMPONENT');
2579 my $component_method_from = $method_meta->associated_metaclass->name;
2580 my $value = defined($instance) ? $instance : 'undef';
2581 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2583 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", COMPONENT() method (from $component_method_from) didn't return an object-like value (value was $value)./
2589 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2595 sub setup_dispatcher {
2596 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2599 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2602 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2603 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2606 unless ($dispatcher) {
2607 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2610 Class::MOP::load_class($dispatcher);
2612 # dispatcher instance
2613 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2616 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2623 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2625 if (!$class->engine_loader || $requested_engine) {
2626 $class->engine_loader(
2627 Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2628 application_name => $class,
2629 (defined $requested_engine
2630 ? (catalyst_engine_class => $requested_engine) : ()),
2635 $class->engine_loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2639 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2642 my $loader = $class->engine_loader;
2644 if (!$loader || $requested_engine) {
2645 $loader = Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2646 application_name => $class,
2647 (defined $requested_engine
2648 ? (requested_engine => $requested_engine) : ()),
2651 $class->engine_loader($loader);
2654 $loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2657 # Don't really setup_engine -- see _setup_psgi_app for explanation.
2658 return if $class->loading_psgi_file;
2660 Class::MOP::load_class($engine);
2662 if ($ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
2663 my $apache = $class->engine_loader->auto;
2665 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2666 my $was_immutable = $meta->is_immutable;
2667 my %immutable_options = $meta->immutable_options;
2668 $meta->make_mutable if $was_immutable;
2670 $meta->add_method(handler => sub {
2672 my $psgi_app = $class->psgi_app;
2673 $apache->call_app($r, $psgi_app);
2676 $meta->make_immutable(%immutable_options) if $was_immutable;
2679 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2684 sub _finalized_psgi_app {
2687 unless ($app->_psgi_app) {
2688 my $psgi_app = $app->_setup_psgi_app;
2689 $app->_psgi_app($psgi_app);
2692 return $app->_psgi_app;
2695 sub _setup_psgi_app {
2698 for my $home (Path::Class::Dir->new($app->config->{home})) {
2699 my $psgi_file = $home->file(
2700 Catalyst::Utils::appprefix($app) . '.psgi',
2703 next unless -e $psgi_file;
2705 # If $psgi_file calls ->setup_engine, it's doing so to load
2706 # Catalyst::Engine::PSGI. But if it does that, we're only going to
2707 # throw away the loaded PSGI-app and load the 5.9 Catalyst::Engine
2708 # anyway. So set a flag (ick) that tells setup_engine not to populate
2709 # $c->engine or do any other things we might regret.
2711 $app->loading_psgi_file(1);
2712 my $psgi_app = Plack::Util::load_psgi($psgi_file);
2713 $app->loading_psgi_file(0);
2716 unless $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack;
2719 Found a legacy Catalyst::Engine::PSGI .psgi file at ${psgi_file}.
2721 Its content has been ignored. Please consult the Catalyst::Upgrading
2722 documentation on how to upgrade from Catalyst::Engine::PSGI.
2726 return $app->apply_default_middlewares($app->psgi_app);
2729 =head2 $c->apply_default_middlewares
2731 Adds the following L<Plack> middlewares to your application, since they are
2732 useful and commonly needed:
2734 L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy>, (conditionally added based on the status
2735 of your $ENV{REMOTE_ADDR}, and can be forced on with C<using_frontend_proxy>
2736 or forced off with C<ignore_frontend_proxy>), L<Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix>
2737 (if you are using Lighttpd), L<Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix> (always
2738 applied since this middleware is smart enough to conditionally apply itself).
2740 Additionally if we detect we are using Nginx, we add a bit of custom middleware
2741 to solve some problems with the way that server handles $ENV{PATH_INFO} and
2747 sub apply_default_middlewares {
2748 my ($app, $psgi_app) = @_;
2750 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2752 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->wrap($_[0]) },
2755 return if $app->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy};
2756 return $env->{REMOTE_ADDR} eq '127.0.0.1'
2757 || $app->config->{using_frontend_proxy};
2761 # If we're running under Lighttpd, swap PATH_INFO and SCRIPT_NAME
2762 # http://lists.scsys.co.uk/pipermail/catalyst/2006-June/008361.html
2763 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix->wrap($psgi_app);
2765 # we're applying this unconditionally as the middleware itself already makes
2766 # sure it doesn't fuck things up if it's not running under one of the right
2768 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix->wrap($psgi_app);
2775 Returns a PSGI application code reference for the catalyst application
2776 C<$c>. This is the bare application without any middlewares
2777 applied. C<${myapp}.psgi> is not taken into account.
2779 This is what you want to be using to retrieve the PSGI application code
2780 reference of your Catalyst application for use in F<.psgi> files.
2786 return $app->engine->build_psgi_app($app);
2789 =head2 $c->setup_home
2791 Sets up the home directory.
2796 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2798 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
2802 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2805 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
2806 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2807 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2811 =head2 $c->setup_log
2813 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
2814 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
2817 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
2818 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
2819 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
2821 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
2822 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
2823 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
2828 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
2831 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
2832 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
2833 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels;
2835 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
2836 if ( defined $env_debug ) {
2837 $levels{debug} = 1 if $env_debug; # Ugly!
2838 delete($levels{debug}) unless $env_debug;
2841 unless ( $class->log ) {
2842 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
2845 if ( $levels{debug} ) {
2846 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
2847 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2851 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2857 =head2 $c->setup_stats
2859 Sets up timing statistics class.
2864 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
2866 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
2868 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
2869 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
2870 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
2871 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
2876 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
2878 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
2879 import list or which have been added via C<< MyApp->plugin(@args); >>.
2881 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
2882 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
2883 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
2885 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
2893 sub registered_plugins {
2895 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
2897 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
2898 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
2901 sub _register_plugin {
2902 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
2903 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
2905 Class::MOP::load_class( $plugin );
2906 $class->log->warn( "$plugin inherits from 'Catalyst::Component' - this is deprecated and will not work in 5.81" )
2907 if $plugin->isa( 'Catalyst::Component' );
2908 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
2910 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
2911 $meta->superclasses($plugin, $meta->superclasses);
2917 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
2919 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
2920 $plugins = Data::OptList::mkopt($plugins || []);
2923 [ Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace(
2924 $class . '::Plugin',
2925 'Catalyst::Plugin', $_->[0]
2931 for my $plugin ( reverse @plugins ) {
2932 Class::MOP::load_class($plugin->[0], $plugin->[1]);
2933 my $meta = find_meta($plugin->[0]);
2934 next if $meta && $meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role');
2936 $class->_register_plugin($plugin->[0]);
2940 map { $_->[0]->name, $_->[1] }
2941 grep { blessed($_->[0]) && $_->[0]->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
2942 map { [find_meta($_->[0]), $_->[1]] }
2945 Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(
2953 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
2954 currently executing).
2958 Returns the current timing statistics object. By default Catalyst uses
2959 L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats>, but can be set otherwise with
2960 L<< stats_class|/"$c->stats_class" >>.
2962 Even if L<< -Stats|/"-Stats" >> is not enabled, the stats object is still
2963 available. By enabling it with C< $c->stats->enabled(1) >, it can be used to
2964 profile explicitly, although MyApp.pm still won't profile nor output anything
2967 =head2 $c->stats_class
2969 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class. L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats> is used by default.
2971 =head2 $c->use_stats
2973 Returns 1 when L<< stats collection|/"-Stats" >> is enabled.
2975 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overridden
2976 by declaring C<sub use_stats { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm, not by calling C<< $c->use_stats(1) >>.
2983 =head2 $c->write( $data )
2985 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
2986 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
2987 your output data, if known.
2994 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
2995 $c->finalize_headers;
2997 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
3002 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
3003 messages in template systems.
3007 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
3009 =head1 CONFIGURATION
3011 There are a number of 'base' config variables which can be set:
3017 C<default_model> - The default model picked if you say C<< $c->model >>. See L<< /$c->model($name) >>.
3021 C<default_view> - The default view to be rendered or returned when C<< $c->view >> is called. See L<< /$c->view($name) >>.
3025 C<disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback> - Turns
3026 off the deprecated component resolution functionality so
3027 that if any of the component methods (e.g. C<< $c->controller('Foo') >>)
3028 are called then regex search will not be attempted on string values and
3029 instead C<undef> will be returned.
3033 C<home> - The application home directory. In an uninstalled application,
3034 this is the top level application directory. In an installed application,
3035 this will be the directory containing C<< MyApp.pm >>.
3039 C<ignore_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>
3043 C<name> - The name of the application in debug messages and the debug and
3048 C<parse_on_demand> - The request body (for example file uploads) will not be parsed
3049 until it is accessed. This allows you to (for example) check authentication (and reject
3050 the upload) before actually recieving all the data. See L</ON-DEMAND PARSER>
3054 C<root> - The root directory for templates. Usually this is just a
3055 subdirectory of the home directory, but you can set it to change the
3056 templates to a different directory.
3060 C<search_extra> - Array reference passed to Module::Pluggable to for additional
3061 namespaces from which components will be loaded (and constructed and stored in
3062 C<< $c->components >>).
3066 C<show_internal_actions> - If true, causes internal actions such as C<< _DISPATCH >>
3067 to be shown in hit debug tables in the test server.
3071 C<use_request_uri_for_path> - Controlls if the C<REQUEST_URI> or C<PATH_INFO> environment
3072 variable should be used for determining the request path.
3074 Most web server environments pass the requested path to the application using environment variables,
3075 from which Catalyst has to reconstruct the request base (i.e. the top level path to / in the application,
3076 exposed as C<< $c->request->base >>) and the request path below that base.
3078 There are two methods of doing this, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. Which method is used
3079 is determined by the C<< $c->config(use_request_uri_for_path) >> setting (which can either be true or false).
3083 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 0
3085 This is the default (and the) traditional method that Catalyst has used for determining the path information.
3086 The path is synthesised from a combination of the C<PATH_INFO> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables.
3087 The allows the application to behave correctly when C<mod_rewrite> is being used to redirect requests
3088 into the application, as these variables are adjusted by mod_rewrite to take account for the redirect.
3090 However this method has the major disadvantage that it is impossible to correctly decode some elements
3091 of the path, as RFC 3875 says: "C<< Unlike a URI path, the PATH_INFO is not URL-encoded, and cannot
3092 contain path-segment parameters. >>" This means PATH_INFO is B<always> decoded, and therefore Catalyst
3093 can't distinguish / vs %2F in paths (in addition to other encoded values).
3095 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 1
3097 This method uses the C<REQUEST_URI> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables. As C<REQUEST_URI> is never
3098 decoded, this means that applications using this mode can correctly handle URIs including the %2F character
3099 (i.e. with C<AllowEncodedSlashes> set to C<On> in Apache).
3101 Given that this method of path resolution is provably more correct, it is recommended that you use
3102 this unless you have a specific need to deploy your application in a non-standard environment, and you are
3103 aware of the implications of not being able to handle encoded URI paths correctly.
3105 However it also means that in a number of cases when the app isn't installed directly at a path, but instead
3106 is having paths rewritten into it (e.g. as a .cgi/fcgi in a public_html directory, with mod_rewrite in a
3107 .htaccess file, or when SSI is used to rewrite pages into the app, or when sub-paths of the app are exposed
3108 at other URIs than that which the app is 'normally' based at with C<mod_rewrite>), the resolution of
3109 C<< $c->request->base >> will be incorrect.
3115 C<using_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>.
3119 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
3121 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
3122 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
3123 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
3125 MyApp->config(show_internal_actions => 1);
3127 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
3129 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
3130 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
3131 parsing with a config parameter.
3133 MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1);
3135 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
3137 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
3138 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
3139 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
3140 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
3141 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
3142 virtual host that the user connected through.
3144 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
3145 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
3146 changes are made to the request.
3148 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
3149 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
3151 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
3152 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
3154 Additionally, you may be running your backend application on an insecure
3155 connection (port 80) while your frontend proxy is running under SSL. If there
3156 is a discrepancy in the ports, use the HTTP header C<X-Forwarded-Port> to
3157 tell Catalyst what port the frontend listens on. This will allow all URIs to
3158 be created properly.
3160 In the case of passing in:
3162 X-Forwarded-Port: 443
3164 All calls to C<uri_for> will result in an https link, as is expected.
3166 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
3168 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
3169 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
3170 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
3173 MyApp->config(using_frontend_proxy => 1);
3175 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
3177 MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 1);
3179 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
3181 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
3182 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
3183 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
3185 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
3186 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
3187 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
3193 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
3197 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
3198 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
3202 http://catalyst.perl.org
3206 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
3210 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
3212 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
3214 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Controller> - Base classes for components
3216 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
3218 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
3220 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
3222 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
3224 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
3226 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
3228 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
3234 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
3236 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
3240 Andrew Ford E<lt>A.Ford@ford-mason.co.ukE<gt>
3244 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
3246 audreyt: Audrey Tang
3248 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
3250 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
3252 chansen: Christian Hansen
3254 chicks: Christopher Hicks
3256 Chisel Wright C<pause@herlpacker.co.uk>
3258 Danijel Milicevic C<me@danijel.de>
3260 David Kamholz E<lt>dkamholz@cpan.orgE<gt>
3262 David Naughton, C<naughton@umn.edu>
3266 dhoss: Devin Austin <dhoss@cpan.org>
3268 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
3272 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
3274 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
3276 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
3278 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
3280 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
3284 Gavin Henry C<ghenry@perl.me.uk>
3288 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@gmail.com>
3290 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
3292 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
3294 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
3296 jester: Jesse Sheidlower C<jester@panix.com>
3298 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
3304 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
3306 Jonathan Rockway C<< <jrockway@cpan.org> >>
3308 Kieren Diment C<kd@totaldatasolution.com>
3310 konobi: Scott McWhirter <konobi@cpan.org>
3312 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
3314 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
3316 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
3320 naughton: David Naughton
3322 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
3324 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
3326 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
3332 omega: Andreas Marienborg
3334 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
3336 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
3338 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
3340 random: Roland Lammel <lammel@cpan.org>
3342 Robert Sedlacek C<< <rs@474.at> >>
3344 SpiceMan: Marcel Montes
3348 szbalint: Balint Szilakszi <szbalint@cpan.org>
3350 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
3354 Viljo Marrandi C<vilts@yahoo.com>
3356 Will Hawes C<info@whawes.co.uk>
3358 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
3360 wreis: Wallace Reis <wallace@reis.org.br>
3362 Yuval Kogman, C<nothingmuch@woobling.org>
3364 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich, C<perl@rainboxx.de>
3366 dd070: Dhaval Dhanani <dhaval070@gmail.com>
3370 Copyright (c) 2005, the above named PROJECT FOUNDER and CONTRIBUTORS.
3374 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
3375 the same terms as Perl itself.
3381 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;