4 use Moose::Meta::Class ();
5 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Moose::Util qw/find_meta/;
7 use namespace::clean -except => 'meta';
8 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Exception::Detach;
10 use Catalyst::Exception::Go;
12 use Catalyst::Request;
13 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
14 use Catalyst::Response;
16 use Catalyst::Controller;
18 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
19 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
20 use Text::SimpleTable ();
21 use Path::Class::Dir ();
22 use Path::Class::File ();
27 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
28 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
30 use List::MoreUtils qw/uniq/;
32 use String::RewritePrefix;
33 use Catalyst::EngineLoader;
35 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
38 use Moose::Util 'find_meta';
39 use Plack::Middleware::Conditional;
40 use Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy;
41 use Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix;
42 use Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix;
43 use Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix;
44 use Plack::Middleware::ContentLength;
45 use Plack::Middleware::Head;
46 use Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions;
47 use Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect;
48 use Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride;
50 use Class::Load 'load_class';
52 BEGIN { require 5.008003; }
54 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
55 has stash => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
56 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
57 has stats => (is => 'rw');
58 has action => (is => 'rw');
59 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
64 $self->request_class->new($self->_build_request_constructor_args);
68 sub _build_request_constructor_args {
70 my %p = ( _log => $self->log );
71 $p{_uploadtmp} = $self->_uploadtmp if $self->_has_uploadtmp;
72 $p{data_handlers} = {$self->registered_data_handlers};
73 $p{_use_hash_multivalue} = $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request}
74 if $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request};
82 $self->response_class->new($self->_build_response_constructor_args);
86 sub _build_response_constructor_args {
88 { _log => $self->log };
91 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
93 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
94 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
97 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
100 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
103 # For backwards compatibility
104 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
109 our $RECURSION = 1000;
110 our $DETACH = Catalyst::Exception::Detach->new;
111 our $GO = Catalyst::Exception::Go->new;
113 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
114 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
115 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
116 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
117 engine_loader context_class request_class response_class stats_class
118 setup_finished _psgi_app loading_psgi_file run_options _psgi_middleware
121 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
122 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
123 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
124 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
126 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
128 our $VERSION = '5.90059_004';
131 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
133 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
135 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
137 my $caller = caller();
138 return if $caller eq 'main';
140 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
141 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
142 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
143 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
145 # Avoid possible C3 issues if 'Moose::Object' is already on RHS of MyApp
146 $meta->superclasses(grep { $_ ne 'Moose::Object' } $meta->superclasses);
148 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
149 if ($Moose::VERSION >= 1.15) {
150 $meta->_add_meta_method('meta');
153 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
157 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
161 sub _application { $_[0] }
167 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
171 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
172 documentation and tutorials.
174 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
175 # use the helper to create a new application
178 # add models, views, controllers
179 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
180 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
181 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
183 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
184 # --help to see all available options
185 script/myapp_server.pl
187 # command line testing interface
188 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
191 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
193 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
194 sub foo : Chained('/') Args() { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
195 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
196 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
197 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
199 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
200 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
201 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
202 # do something else after forward returns
206 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
207 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
211 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
212 sub bar : Chained('/') PathPart('/bar/of/soap') Args() { ... }
214 # called after all actions are finished
216 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
217 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
218 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
219 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
222 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
226 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
227 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
228 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
229 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
231 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
233 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
234 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
235 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
238 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
240 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
241 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
245 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
248 Special flags like C<-Debug> can also be specified as
249 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
251 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
253 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
254 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
256 The following flags are supported:
260 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
261 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
262 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
265 This sets the log level to 'debug' and enables full debug output on the
266 error screen. If you only want the latter, see L<< $c->debug >>.
270 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
272 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
274 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
275 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
276 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
277 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
278 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
280 If none of these are set, Catalyst will attempt to automatically detect the
281 home directory. If you are working in a development environment, Catalyst
282 will try and find the directory containing either Makefile.PL, Build.PL,
283 dist.ini, or cpanfile. If the application has been installed into the system
284 (i.e. you have done C<make install>), then Catalyst will use the path to your
285 application module, without the .pm extension (e.g., /foo/MyApp if your
286 application was installed at /foo/MyApp.pm)
290 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
292 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
296 Enables statistics collection and reporting.
298 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/;
300 You can also force this setting from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS
301 or <MYAPP>_STATS. The environment settings override the application, with
302 <MYAPP>_STATS having the highest priority.
304 Stats are also enabled if L<< debugging |/"-Debug" >> is enabled.
308 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
312 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
313 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
317 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
318 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
320 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
321 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
327 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
328 information about the current client request (including parameters,
329 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
331 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
333 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
335 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
337 This is one way of calling another action (method) in the same or
338 a different controller. You can also use C<< $self->my_method($c, @args) >>
339 in the same controller or C<< $c->controller('MyController')->my_method($c, @args) >>
340 in a different controller.
341 The main difference is that 'forward' uses some of the Catalyst request
342 cycle overhead, including debugging, which may be useful to you. On the
343 other hand, there are some complications to using 'forward', restrictions
344 on values returned from 'forward', and it may not handle errors as you prefer.
345 Whether you use 'forward' or not is up to you; it is not considered superior to
346 the other ways to call a method.
348 'forward' calls another action, by its private name. If you give a
349 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
350 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
351 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
352 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
354 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
357 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
358 $c->forward('index');
359 $c->forward(qw/Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
360 $c->forward('View::TT');
362 Note that L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >> implies
363 an C<< eval { } >> around the call (actually
364 L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus rendering all
365 exceptions thrown by the called action non-fatal and pushing them onto
366 $c->error instead. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something
370 die join "\n", @{ $c->error } if @{ $c->error };
372 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
375 $c->forward('foo') || return;
377 Another note is that C<< $c->forward >> always returns a scalar because it
378 actually returns $c->state which operates in a scalar context.
379 Thus, something like:
383 in an action that is forwarded to is going to return a scalar,
384 i.e. how many items are in that array, which is probably not what you want.
385 If you need to return an array then return a reference to it,
388 $c->stash->{array} = \@array;
390 and access it from the stash.
392 Keep in mind that the C<end> method used is that of the caller action. So a C<$c-E<gt>detach> inside a forwarded action would run the C<end> method from the original action requested.
396 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
398 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
400 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
404 The same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, but
405 doesn't return to the previous action when processing is finished.
407 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
411 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
413 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@arguments ] )
415 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
417 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
419 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
421 Almost the same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>,
422 but does a full dispatch, instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
423 C<< $class->$method >>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the method
424 you go to are called, just like a new request.
426 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
427 This means, for example, that C<< $c->action >> methods such as
428 L<name|Catalyst::Action/name>, L<class|Catalyst::Action/class> and
429 L<reverse|Catalyst::Action/reverse> return information for the visited action
430 when they are invoked within the visited action. This is different from the
431 behavior of L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, which
432 continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
433 invoked from the called action.
435 C<< $c->stash >> is kept unchanged.
437 In effect, L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >>
438 allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it would have been called by
439 dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
440 L<< go|/"$c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> allows you to
441 transfer control to another action as if it had been reached directly from a URL.
445 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
447 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@arguments ] )
449 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
451 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
453 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
455 The relationship between C<go> and
456 L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> is the same as
457 the relationship between
458 L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )" >> and
459 L<< detach|/"$c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>. Like C<< $c->visit >>,
460 C<< $c->go >> will perform a full dispatch on the specified action or method,
461 with localized C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >>. Like C<detach>,
462 C<go> escapes the processing of the current request chain on completion, and
463 does not return to its caller.
465 @arguments are arguments to the final destination of $action. @captures are
466 arguments to the intermediate steps, if any, on the way to the final sub of
471 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
477 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
481 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
482 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
483 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
484 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
485 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
486 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
489 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
490 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
491 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
493 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
494 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
498 around stash => sub {
501 my $stash = $orig->($c);
503 my $new_stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
504 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $new_stash;
505 foreach my $key ( keys %$new_stash ) {
506 $stash->{$key} = $new_stash->{$key};
516 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
518 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
520 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
521 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
522 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
524 my @error = @{ $c->error };
528 $c->error('Something bad happened');
535 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
536 croak @$error unless ref $c;
537 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
539 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
540 return $c->{error} || [];
546 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
547 Note that << $c->state >> operates in a scalar context which means that all
548 values it returns are scalar.
550 =head2 $c->clear_errors
552 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
553 implementing a custom error screen.
555 This is equivalent to running
566 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
568 return map $c->components->{ $_ }, $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes(@_);
571 # search components given a name and some prefixes
572 sub _comp_names_search_prefixes {
573 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
574 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
575 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
576 $filter = qr/$filter/; # Compile regex now rather than once per loop
578 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
579 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
580 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
582 # undef for a name will return all
583 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
585 my $query = $name->$_isa('Regexp') ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
586 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
588 return @result if @result;
590 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
591 return if $name->$_isa('Regexp');
593 # skip regexp fallback if configured
595 if $appclass->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
599 @result = grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
601 # no results? try against full names
603 @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
606 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
608 # Disgusting hack to work out correct method name
609 my $warn_for = lc $prefixes[0];
610 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), which found '" .
611 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
612 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
613 my $short = $result[0];
614 # remove the component namespace prefix
615 $short =~ s/.*?(Model|Controller|View):://;
616 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
617 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
618 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
620 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
621 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
622 "component's config";
624 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->${warn_for}('$short') instead of \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), " .
625 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
626 "like so: \$c->${warn_for}(qr/${name}/)";
628 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
634 # Find possible names for a prefix
636 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
637 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
639 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
641 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; }
642 $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
647 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
648 sub _filter_component {
649 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
651 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
652 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
658 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
660 =head2 $c->controller($name)
662 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
664 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
666 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
669 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
671 # find all controllers that start with Foo
672 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
678 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
680 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
682 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
683 my $comps = $c->components;
684 my $check = $appclass."::Controller::".$name;
685 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
687 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
688 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
689 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
692 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
695 =head2 $c->model($name)
697 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
699 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
701 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
703 If the name is omitted, it will look for
704 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
705 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
706 - a config setting 'default_model', or
707 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
709 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
711 # find all models that start with Foo
712 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
717 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
718 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
720 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
721 my $comps = $c->components;
722 my $check = $appclass."::Model::".$name;
723 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
725 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
726 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
727 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
731 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
732 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
733 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
734 if $c->stash->{current_model};
736 return $c->model( $appclass->config->{default_model} )
737 if $appclass->config->{default_model};
739 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
742 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
743 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_model => "the name of the default model to use")' );
744 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
745 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
746 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
749 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
753 =head2 $c->view($name)
755 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
757 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
759 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
761 If the name is omitted, it will look for
762 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
763 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
764 - a config setting 'default_view', or
765 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
767 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
769 # find all views that start with Foo
770 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
775 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
777 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
779 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
780 my $comps = $c->components;
781 my $check = $appclass."::View::".$name;
782 if( exists $comps->{$check} ) {
783 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args );
786 $c->log->warn( "Attempted to use view '$check', but does not exist" );
789 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
790 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
791 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
795 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
796 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
797 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
798 if $c->stash->{current_view};
800 return $c->view( $appclass->config->{default_view} )
801 if $appclass->config->{default_view};
803 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
806 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
807 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_view => "the name of the default view to use")' );
808 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
809 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
810 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
813 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
816 =head2 $c->controllers
818 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
824 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
829 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
835 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
841 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
847 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
850 =head2 $c->comp($name)
852 =head2 $c->component($name)
854 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
855 unless you want to get a specific component by full
856 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
857 should be used instead.
859 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
860 component name will be returned.
862 If Catalyst can't find a component by name, it will fallback to regex
863 matching by default. To disable this behaviour set
864 disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback to a true value.
866 __PACKAGE__->config( disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback => 1 );
871 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
874 my $comps = $c->components;
877 # is it the exact name?
878 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
879 if exists $comps->{ $name };
881 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
882 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
883 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
884 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
886 # search all of the models, views and controllers
887 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
888 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
892 if $c->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
894 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
895 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
897 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
898 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
901 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
902 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
903 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
904 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
907 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
911 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
914 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
918 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
920 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
922 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or L<Config::General> config file
923 like C<myapp.conf> in your applications home directory. See
924 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
926 =head3 Cascading configuration
928 The config method is present on all Catalyst components, and configuration
929 will be merged when an application is started. Configuration loaded with
930 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> takes precedence over other configuration,
931 followed by configuration in your top level C<MyApp> class. These two
932 configurations are merged, and then configuration data whose hash key matches a
933 component name is merged with configuration for that component.
935 The configuration for a component is then passed to the C<new> method when a
936 component is constructed.
940 MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
941 MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', overrides => 'this' });
943 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
946 MyApp::Model::Foo->new({
952 It's common practice to use a Moose attribute
953 on the receiving component to access the config value.
955 package MyApp::Model::Foo;
959 # this attr will receive 'baz' at construction time
965 You can then get the value 'baz' by calling $c->model('Foo')->bar
966 (or $self->bar inside code in the model).
968 B<NOTE:> you MUST NOT call C<< $self->config >> or C<< __PACKAGE__->config >>
969 as a way of reading config within your code, as this B<will not> give you the
970 correctly merged config back. You B<MUST> take the config values supplied to
971 the constructor and use those instead.
975 around config => sub {
979 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
980 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
987 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
988 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
989 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
990 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
992 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
997 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
999 Your log class should implement the methods described in
1005 Returns 1 if debug mode is enabled, 0 otherwise.
1007 You can enable debug mode in several ways:
1011 =item By calling myapp_server.pl with the -d flag
1013 =item With the environment variables MYAPP_DEBUG, or CATALYST_DEBUG
1015 =item The -Debug option in your MyApp.pm
1017 =item By declaring C<sub debug { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm.
1021 The first three also set the log level to 'debug'.
1023 Calling C<< $c->debug(1) >> has no effect.
1029 =head2 $c->dispatcher
1031 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1035 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1038 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
1040 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
1042 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
1043 L<Path::Class::Dir> object. Note you can usually use this object as
1044 a filename, but sometimes you will have to explicitly stringify it
1045 yourself by calling the C<< ->stringify >> method.
1049 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
1054 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
1055 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
1056 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
1057 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
1061 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
1063 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
1064 $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in a future release/);
1066 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
1068 eval { $plugin->import };
1069 $class->mk_classdata($name);
1071 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
1074 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1075 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1078 $class->$name($obj);
1079 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
1085 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
1086 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
1087 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
1091 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
1093 B<Note:> You B<should not> wrap this method with method modifiers
1094 or bad things will happen - wrap the C<setup_finalize> method instead.
1099 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1100 croak('Running setup more than once')
1101 if ( $class->setup_finished );
1103 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
1105 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1106 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
1109 if ( $class->arguments ) {
1110 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
1116 foreach (@arguments) {
1120 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
1122 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
1123 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
1126 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
1130 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
1132 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
1133 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
1135 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1136 # Also screws C3 badly on 5.10, hack to avoid.
1138 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1139 local *setup = sub { };
1140 $class->setup unless $Catalyst::__AM_RESTARTING;
1143 $class->setup_middleware();
1144 $class->setup_data_handlers();
1145 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
1146 if (my $engine = delete $flags->{engine}) {
1147 $class->log->warn("Specifying the engine in ->setup is no longer supported, see Catalyst::Upgrading");
1149 $class->setup_engine();
1150 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
1152 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
1154 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
1155 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
1158 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
1162 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
1163 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
1164 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
1165 You are running an old script!
1167 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
1168 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
1170 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
1171 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
1176 # Initialize our data structure
1177 $class->components( {} );
1179 $class->setup_components;
1181 if ( $class->debug ) {
1182 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
1185 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1186 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1187 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
1188 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1191 my @middleware = map {
1194 (ref($_) .' '. ($_->can('VERSION') ? $_->VERSION || '' : '')
1195 || '') } $class->registered_middlewares;
1198 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1199 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1200 $t->row($_) for @middleware;
1201 $class->log->debug( "Loaded PSGI Middleware:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1204 my %dh = $class->registered_data_handlers;
1205 if (my @data_handlers = keys %dh) {
1206 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1207 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1208 $t->row($_) for @data_handlers;
1209 $class->log->debug( "Loaded Request Data Handlers:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1212 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
1213 my $engine = $class->engine;
1214 my $home = $class->config->{home};
1216 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1217 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1221 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1222 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1223 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1225 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1226 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1227 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1228 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1229 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1231 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1232 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1235 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1236 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1237 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1240 $class->setup_actions;
1242 if ( $class->debug ) {
1243 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1244 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1247 if ($class->config->{case_sensitive}) {
1248 $class->log->warn($class . "->config->{case_sensitive} is set.");
1249 $class->log->warn("This setting is deprecated and planned to be removed in Catalyst 5.81.");
1252 $class->setup_finalize;
1253 # Should be the last thing we do so that user things hooking
1254 # setup_finalize can log..
1255 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1256 return 1; # Explicit return true as people have __PACKAGE__->setup as the last thing in their class. HATE.
1259 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1261 A hook to attach modifiers to. This method does not do anything except set the
1262 C<setup_finished> accessor.
1264 Applying method modifiers to the C<setup> method doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1268 after setup_finalize => sub {
1276 sub setup_finalize {
1278 $class->setup_finished(1);
1281 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1283 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1285 Constructs an absolute L<URI> object based on the application root, the
1286 provided path, and the additional arguments and query parameters provided.
1287 When used as a string, provides a textual URI. If you need more flexibility
1288 than this (i.e. the option to provide relative URIs etc.) see
1289 L<Catalyst::Plugin::SmartURI>.
1291 If no arguments are provided, the URI for the current action is returned.
1292 To return the current action and also provide @args, use
1293 C<< $c->uri_for( $c->action, @args ) >>.
1295 If the first argument is a string, it is taken as a public URI path relative
1296 to C<< $c->namespace >> (if it doesn't begin with a forward slash) or
1297 relative to the application root (if it does). It is then merged with
1298 C<< $c->request->base >>; any C<@args> are appended as additional path
1299 components; and any C<%query_values> are appended as C<?foo=bar> parameters.
1301 If the first argument is a L<Catalyst::Action> it represents an action which
1302 will have its path resolved using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >>. The
1303 optional C<\@captures> argument (an arrayref) allows passing the captured
1304 variables that are needed to fill in the paths of Chained and Regex actions;
1305 once the path is resolved, C<uri_for> continues as though a path was
1306 provided, appending any arguments or parameters and creating an absolute
1309 The captures for the current request can be found in
1310 C<< $c->request->captures >>, and actions can be resolved using
1311 C<< Catalyst::Controller->action_for($name) >>. If you have a private action
1312 path, use C<< $c->uri_for_action >> instead.
1314 # Equivalent to $c->req->uri
1315 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures,
1316 @{ $c->req->args }, $c->req->params);
1318 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1319 $c->uri_for($c->controller('Bar')->action_for('Foo'));
1321 # Path to a static resource
1322 $c->uri_for('/static/images/logo.png');
1327 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1329 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Controller') ) {
1330 $path = $path->path_prefix;
1335 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1338 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1340 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1341 foreach my $arg (@args) {
1342 utf8::encode($arg) if utf8::is_utf8($arg);
1343 $arg =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1346 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Action') ) { # action object
1347 s|/|%2F|g for @args;
1348 my $captures = [ map { s|/|%2F|g; $_; }
1349 ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1353 foreach my $capture (@$captures) {
1354 utf8::encode($capture) if utf8::is_utf8($capture);
1355 $capture =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1359 # ->uri_for( $action, \@captures_and_args, \%query_values? )
1360 if( !@args && $action->number_of_args ) {
1361 my $expanded_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action( $action );
1363 my $num_captures = $expanded_action->number_of_captures;
1364 unshift @args, splice @$captures, $num_captures;
1367 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
1368 if (not defined $path) {
1369 $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
1373 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1376 unshift(@args, $path);
1378 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1379 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1380 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1381 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1383 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1386 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1387 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1388 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1391 my ($base, $class) = ('/', 'URI::_generic');
1393 $base = $c->req->base;
1394 $class = ref($base);
1395 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1400 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1401 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1402 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1403 my $val = $params->{$_};
1404 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1407 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1410 utf8::encode( $param ) if utf8::is_utf8($param);
1411 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1412 $param =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1414 "${key}=$param"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1418 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1422 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1424 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1430 A private path to the Catalyst action you want to create a URI for.
1432 This is a shortcut for calling C<< $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path)
1433 >> and passing the resulting C<$action> and the remaining arguments to C<<
1436 You can also pass in a Catalyst::Action object, in which case it is passed to
1439 Note that although the path looks like a URI that dispatches to the wanted action, it is not a URI, but an internal path to that action.
1441 For example, if the action looks like:
1443 package MyApp::Controller::Users;
1445 sub lst : Path('the-list') {}
1449 $c->uri_for_action('/users/lst')
1451 and it will create the URI /users/the-list.
1453 =item \@captures_and_args?
1455 Optional array reference of Captures (i.e. C<<CaptureArgs or $c->req->captures>)
1456 and arguments to the request. Usually used with L<Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained>
1457 to interpolate all the parameters in the URI.
1461 Optional list of extra arguments - can be supplied in the
1462 C<< \@captures_and_args? >> array ref, or here - whichever is easier for your
1465 Your action can have zero, a fixed or a variable number of args (e.g.
1466 C<< Args(1) >> for a fixed number or C<< Args() >> for a variable number)..
1468 =item \%query_values?
1470 Optional array reference of query parameters to append. E.g.
1476 /rest/of/your/uri?foo=bar
1482 sub uri_for_action {
1483 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1484 my $action = blessed($path)
1486 : $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path);
1487 unless (defined $action) {
1488 croak "Can't find action for path '$path'";
1490 return $c->uri_for( $action, @args );
1493 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1495 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1499 sub welcome_message {
1501 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1502 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1503 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1504 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1506 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1507 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1508 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1510 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1511 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1512 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1513 <style type="text/css">
1516 background-color: #eee;
1523 margin-bottom: 10px;
1525 background-color: #ccc;
1526 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1531 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1534 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1537 text-decoration: none;
1539 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1541 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1554 background-color: #fff;
1555 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1559 font-weight: normal;
1581 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1586 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1588 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1589 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1590 framework will make web development something you had
1591 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1592 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1593 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1594 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1595 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1596 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1597 <pre>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1599 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1601 <code>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Intro">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1602 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1604 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1605 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1606 helper scripts to generate <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AController">controllers</a>,
1607 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AModel">models</a>, and
1608 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AView">views</a>;
1609 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1610 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl --help</code></pre>
1611 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1612 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1613 you are likely to find what you need there.
1617 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1618 get in touch with us.</p>
1621 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1624 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1627 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1630 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1631 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1632 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1633 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1643 Contains a hash of options passed from the application script, including
1644 the original ARGV the script received, the processed values from that
1645 ARGV and any extra arguments to the script which were not processed.
1647 This can be used to add custom options to your application's scripts
1648 and setup your application differently depending on the values of these
1651 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1653 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1655 =head2 $c->components
1657 Returns a hash of components.
1659 =head2 $c->context_class
1661 Returns or sets the context class.
1665 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1666 deep recursion detection).
1670 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1674 Dispatches a request to actions.
1678 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1680 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1682 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1684 =head2 $c->dump_these
1686 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1687 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1693 [ Request => $c->req ],
1694 [ Response => $c->res ],
1695 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1696 [ Config => $c->config ];
1699 =head2 $c->engine_class
1701 Returns or sets the engine class.
1703 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1705 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1711 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1712 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1715 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1716 my $action = $code->reverse();
1717 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1718 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1719 $c->log->error($error);
1725 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1727 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1729 no warnings 'recursion';
1730 # N.B. This used to be combined, but I have seen $c get clobbered if so, and
1731 # I have no idea how, ergo $ret (which appears to fix the issue)
1732 eval { my $ret = $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0; $c->state( $ret ) };
1734 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1736 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1738 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1739 if ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Detach') ) {
1740 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 1;
1742 elsif ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Go') ) {
1743 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 0;
1746 unless ( ref $error ) {
1747 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1749 my $class = $last->class;
1750 my $name = $last->name;
1751 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1760 sub _stats_start_execute {
1761 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1762 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
1763 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1764 && ( !$appclass->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1766 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1767 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1769 my $action = $action_name;
1770 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1772 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1773 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1774 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1776 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1778 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1779 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1781 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1782 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1783 $action = "-> $action";
1788 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1790 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1791 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1792 my $parent = $c->stack->[-1];
1794 # forward, locate the caller
1795 if ( defined $parent && exists $c->counter->{"$parent"} ) {
1798 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1804 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1823 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1824 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1825 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1830 Finalizes the request.
1837 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1838 $c->log->error($error);
1841 # Support skipping finalize for psgix.io style 'jailbreak'. Used to support
1842 # stuff like cometd and websockets
1844 if($c->request->_has_io_fh) {
1849 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1850 my $engine = $c->engine;
1851 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
1856 $c->finalize_uploads;
1859 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1863 $c->finalize_headers unless $c->response->finalized_headers;
1870 if ($c->use_stats) {
1871 my $elapsed = $c->stats->elapsed;
1872 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1874 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1877 return $c->response->status;
1880 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1886 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1888 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1894 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1896 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1902 sub finalize_error {
1904 if($#{$c->error} > 0) {
1905 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ );
1907 my ($error) = @{$c->error};
1910 ($error->can('as_psgi') || $error->can('code'))
1912 # In the case where the error 'knows what it wants', becauses its PSGI
1913 # aware, just rethow and let middleware catch it
1914 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
1917 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ )
1922 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1928 sub finalize_headers {
1931 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
1933 # Check if we already finalized headers
1934 return if $response->finalized_headers;
1937 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
1938 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1939 $response->header( Location => $location );
1942 # Remove incorrectly added body and content related meta data when returning
1943 # an information response, or a response the is required to not include a body
1945 if ( $response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1946 if($response->has_body) {
1947 $c->log->debug('Removing body for informational or no content http responses');
1948 $response->body('');
1949 $response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1953 $c->finalize_cookies;
1955 $c->response->finalize_headers();
1958 $response->finalized_headers(1);
1961 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1963 An alias for finalize_body.
1965 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1967 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1971 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1973 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1975 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1979 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1981 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1983 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1987 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1989 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1991 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1996 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1998 =head2 $app->handle_request( @arguments )
2000 Called to handle each HTTP request.
2004 sub handle_request {
2005 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2007 # Always expect worst case!
2010 if ($class->debug) {
2011 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
2012 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
2013 my $time = localtime time;
2014 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
2017 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
2019 $status = $c->finalize;
2021 chomp(my $error = $_);
2022 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
2023 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
2024 if(blessed $error && ($error->can('as_psgi') || $error->can('code'))) {
2025 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
2031 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
2032 $class->log->$coderef();
2037 =head2 $class->prepare( @arguments )
2039 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
2046 predicate => '_has_uploadtmp',
2050 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2053 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
2054 # into the application.
2055 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
2057 my $uploadtmp = $class->config->{uploadtmp};
2058 my $c = $class->context_class->new({ $uploadtmp ? (_uploadtmp => $uploadtmp) : ()});
2060 $c->response->_context($c);
2062 #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
2063 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
2064 if ( $c->debug || $c->config->{enable_catalyst_header} ) {
2065 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
2069 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
2070 if ( my $prepare = $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
2071 $c->engine->$prepare( $c, @arguments );
2074 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
2075 $c->prepare_connection;
2076 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
2077 $c->prepare_headers; # Just hooks, no longer needed - they just
2078 $c->prepare_cookies; # cause the lazy attribute on req to build
2081 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
2082 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
2085 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
2086 unless ( ref($c)->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
2092 # VERY ugly and probably shouldn't rely on ->finalize actually working
2094 # failed prepare is always due to an invalid request, right?
2095 $c->response->status(400);
2096 $c->response->content_type('text/plain');
2097 $c->response->body('Bad Request');
2098 # Note we call finalize and then die here, which escapes
2099 # finalize being called in the enclosing block..
2100 # It in fact couldn't be called, as we don't return $c..
2101 # This is a mess - but I'm unsure you can fix this without
2102 # breaking compat for people doing crazy things (we should set
2103 # the 400 and just return the ctx here IMO, letting finalize get called
2114 =head2 $c->prepare_action
2116 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
2120 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
2122 =head2 $c->prepare_body
2124 Prepares message body.
2131 return if $c->request->_has_body;
2133 # Initialize on-demand data
2134 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
2135 $c->prepare_parameters;
2136 $c->prepare_uploads;
2139 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
2141 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
2143 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
2147 sub prepare_body_chunk {
2149 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
2152 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
2154 Prepares body parameters.
2158 sub prepare_body_parameters {
2160 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
2163 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
2165 Prepares connection.
2169 sub prepare_connection {
2171 # XXX - This is called on the engine (not the request) to maintain
2172 # Engine::PSGI back compat.
2173 $c->engine->prepare_connection($c);
2176 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
2178 Prepares cookies by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2179 object has been built.
2183 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->request->cookies }
2185 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
2187 Prepares request headers by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2188 object has been built.
2192 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->request->headers }
2194 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
2196 Prepares parameters.
2200 sub prepare_parameters {
2202 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
2203 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
2206 =head2 $c->prepare_path
2208 Prepares path and base.
2212 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
2214 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
2216 Prepares query parameters.
2220 sub prepare_query_parameters {
2223 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
2226 =head2 $c->log_request
2228 Writes information about the request to the debug logs. This includes:
2232 =item * Request method, path, and remote IP address
2234 =item * Query keywords (see L<Catalyst::Request/query_keywords>)
2236 =item * Request parameters
2238 =item * File uploads
2247 return unless $c->debug;
2249 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Request' } $c->dump_these;
2250 my $request = $dump->[1];
2252 my ( $method, $path, $address ) = ( $request->method, $request->path, $request->address );
2254 $path = '/' unless length $path;
2256 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/);
2258 $c->log_request_headers($request->headers);
2260 if ( my $keywords = $request->query_keywords ) {
2261 $c->log->debug("Query keywords are: $keywords");
2264 $c->log_request_parameters( query => $request->query_parameters, $request->_has_body ? (body => $request->body_parameters) : () );
2266 $c->log_request_uploads($request);
2269 =head2 $c->log_response
2271 Writes information about the response to the debug logs by calling
2272 C<< $c->log_response_status_line >> and C<< $c->log_response_headers >>.
2279 return unless $c->debug;
2281 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Response' } $c->dump_these;
2282 my $response = $dump->[1];
2284 $c->log_response_status_line($response);
2285 $c->log_response_headers($response->headers);
2288 =head2 $c->log_response_status_line($response)
2290 Writes one line of information about the response to the debug logs. This includes:
2294 =item * Response status code
2296 =item * Content-Type header (if present)
2298 =item * Content-Length header (if present)
2304 sub log_response_status_line {
2305 my ($c, $response) = @_;
2309 'Response Code: %s; Content-Type: %s; Content-Length: %s',
2310 $response->status || 'unknown',
2311 $response->headers->header('Content-Type') || 'unknown',
2312 $response->headers->header('Content-Length') || 'unknown'
2317 =head2 $c->log_response_headers($headers);
2319 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the response headers.
2320 No-op in the default implementation.
2324 sub log_response_headers {}
2326 =head2 $c->log_request_parameters( query => {}, body => {} )
2328 Logs request parameters to debug logs
2332 sub log_request_parameters {
2334 my %all_params = @_;
2336 return unless $c->debug;
2338 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 44;
2339 foreach my $type (qw(query body)) {
2340 my $params = $all_params{$type};
2341 next if ! keys %$params;
2342 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2343 for my $key ( sort keys %$params ) {
2344 my $param = $params->{$key};
2345 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
2346 $t->row( $key, ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
2348 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
2352 =head2 $c->log_request_uploads
2354 Logs file uploads included in the request to the debug logs.
2355 The parameter name, filename, file type, and file size are all included in
2360 sub log_request_uploads {
2362 my $request = shift;
2363 return unless $c->debug;
2364 my $uploads = $request->uploads;
2365 if ( keys %$uploads ) {
2366 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
2367 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
2372 for my $key ( sort keys %$uploads ) {
2373 my $upload = $uploads->{$key};
2374 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
2375 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
2378 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
2382 =head2 $c->log_request_headers($headers);
2384 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the request headers.
2385 No-op in the default implementation.
2389 sub log_request_headers {}
2391 =head2 $c->log_headers($type => $headers)
2393 Logs L<HTTP::Headers> (either request or response) to the debug logs.
2400 my $headers = shift; # an HTTP::Headers instance
2402 return unless $c->debug;
2404 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 28;
2405 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 15, 'Header Name' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2408 my ( $name, $value ) = @_;
2409 $t->row( $name, $value );
2412 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Headers:\n" . $t->draw );
2416 =head2 $c->prepare_read
2418 Prepares the input for reading.
2422 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
2424 =head2 $c->prepare_request
2426 Prepares the engine request.
2430 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
2432 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
2438 sub prepare_uploads {
2441 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
2444 =head2 $c->prepare_write
2446 Prepares the output for writing.
2450 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
2452 =head2 $c->request_class
2454 Returns or sets the request class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Request>.
2456 =head2 $c->response_class
2458 Returns or sets the response class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Response>.
2460 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
2462 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
2463 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
2464 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
2466 You have to set C<< MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1) >> to use this
2469 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
2470 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
2471 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
2475 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->request->read( @_ ) }
2485 $app->_make_immutable_if_needed;
2486 $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack ?
2487 $app->engine->run($app, @_) :
2488 $app->engine->run( $app, $app->_finalized_psgi_app, @_ );
2491 sub _make_immutable_if_needed {
2493 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2494 my $isa_ca = $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $class->isa('Class::Accessor');
2497 && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
2500 warn("You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
2501 . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
2502 . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
2503 . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
2504 . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n");
2506 unless ($meta->is_immutable) {
2507 # XXX - FIXME warning here as you should make your app immutable yourself.
2508 $meta->make_immutable(
2509 replace_constructor => 1,
2514 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2516 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2520 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2522 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2524 Sets up actions for a component.
2528 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2530 =head2 $c->setup_components
2532 This method is called internally to set up the application's components.
2534 It finds modules by calling the L<locate_components> method, expands them to
2535 package names with the L<expand_component_module> method, and then installs
2536 each component into the application.
2538 The C<setup_components> config option is passed to both of the above methods.
2540 Installation of each component is performed by the L<setup_component> method,
2545 sub setup_components {
2548 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2550 my @comps = $class->locate_components($config);
2551 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2553 my $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names = grep { /::[CMV]::/ } @comps;
2554 $class->log->warn(qq{Your application is using the deprecated ::[MVC]:: type naming scheme.\n}.
2555 qq{Please switch your class names to ::Model::, ::View:: and ::Controller: as appropriate.\n}
2556 ) if $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names;
2558 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2560 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2561 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2562 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2564 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2567 for my $component (@comps) {
2568 my $instance = $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2569 my @expanded_components = $instance->can('expand_modules')
2570 ? $instance->expand_modules( $component, $config )
2571 : $class->expand_component_module( $component, $config );
2572 for my $component (@expanded_components) {
2573 next if $comps{$component};
2574 $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2579 =head2 $c->locate_components( $setup_component_config )
2581 This method is meant to provide a list of component modules that should be
2582 setup for the application. By default, it will use L<Module::Pluggable>.
2584 Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass additional options directly
2585 to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional search paths, specify a key named
2586 C<search_extra> as an array reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::>
2587 will have the application class name prepended to them.
2591 sub locate_components {
2595 my @paths = qw( ::Controller ::C ::Model ::M ::View ::V );
2596 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2598 push @paths, @$extra;
2600 my $locator = Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2601 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } @paths ],
2605 # XXX think about ditching this sort entirely
2606 my @comps = sort { length $a <=> length $b } $locator->plugins;
2611 =head2 $c->expand_component_module( $component, $setup_component_config )
2613 Components found by C<locate_components> will be passed to this method, which
2614 is expected to return a list of component (package) names to be set up.
2618 sub expand_component_module {
2619 my ($class, $module) = @_;
2620 return Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $module );
2623 =head2 $c->setup_component
2627 sub setup_component {
2628 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2630 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2634 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2635 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2636 # Stash catalyst_component_name in the config here, so that custom COMPONENT
2637 # methods also pass it. local to avoid pointlessly shitting in config
2638 # for the debug screen, as $component is already the key name.
2639 local $config->{catalyst_component_name} = $component;
2641 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2643 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2645 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2646 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2650 unless (blessed $instance) {
2651 my $metaclass = Moose::Util::find_meta($component);
2652 my $method_meta = $metaclass->find_method_by_name('COMPONENT');
2653 my $component_method_from = $method_meta->associated_metaclass->name;
2654 my $value = defined($instance) ? $instance : 'undef';
2655 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2657 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", COMPONENT() method (from $component_method_from) didn't return an object-like value (value was $value)./
2663 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2669 sub setup_dispatcher {
2670 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2673 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2676 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2677 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2680 unless ($dispatcher) {
2681 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2684 load_class($dispatcher);
2686 # dispatcher instance
2687 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2690 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2697 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2699 if (!$class->engine_loader || $requested_engine) {
2700 $class->engine_loader(
2701 Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2702 application_name => $class,
2703 (defined $requested_engine
2704 ? (catalyst_engine_class => $requested_engine) : ()),
2709 $class->engine_loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2713 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2716 my $loader = $class->engine_loader;
2718 if (!$loader || $requested_engine) {
2719 $loader = Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2720 application_name => $class,
2721 (defined $requested_engine
2722 ? (requested_engine => $requested_engine) : ()),
2725 $class->engine_loader($loader);
2728 $loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2731 # Don't really setup_engine -- see _setup_psgi_app for explanation.
2732 return if $class->loading_psgi_file;
2734 load_class($engine);
2736 if ($ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
2737 my $apache = $class->engine_loader->auto;
2739 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2740 my $was_immutable = $meta->is_immutable;
2741 my %immutable_options = $meta->immutable_options;
2742 $meta->make_mutable if $was_immutable;
2744 $meta->add_method(handler => sub {
2746 my $psgi_app = $class->_finalized_psgi_app;
2747 $apache->call_app($r, $psgi_app);
2750 $meta->make_immutable(%immutable_options) if $was_immutable;
2753 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2758 ## This exists just to supply a prebuild psgi app for mod_perl and for the
2759 ## build in server support (back compat support for pre psgi port behavior).
2760 ## This is so that we don't build a new psgi app for each request when using
2761 ## the mod_perl handler or the built in servers (http and fcgi, etc).
2763 sub _finalized_psgi_app {
2766 unless ($app->_psgi_app) {
2767 my $psgi_app = $app->_setup_psgi_app;
2768 $app->_psgi_app($psgi_app);
2771 return $app->_psgi_app;
2774 ## Look for a psgi file like 'myapp_web.psgi' (if the app is MyApp::Web) in the
2775 ## home directory and load that and return it (just assume it is doing the
2776 ## right thing :) ). If that does not exist, call $app->psgi_app, wrap that
2777 ## in default_middleware and return it ( this is for backward compatibility
2778 ## with pre psgi port behavior ).
2780 sub _setup_psgi_app {
2783 for my $home (Path::Class::Dir->new($app->config->{home})) {
2784 my $psgi_file = $home->file(
2785 Catalyst::Utils::appprefix($app) . '.psgi',
2788 next unless -e $psgi_file;
2790 # If $psgi_file calls ->setup_engine, it's doing so to load
2791 # Catalyst::Engine::PSGI. But if it does that, we're only going to
2792 # throw away the loaded PSGI-app and load the 5.9 Catalyst::Engine
2793 # anyway. So set a flag (ick) that tells setup_engine not to populate
2794 # $c->engine or do any other things we might regret.
2796 $app->loading_psgi_file(1);
2797 my $psgi_app = Plack::Util::load_psgi($psgi_file);
2798 $app->loading_psgi_file(0);
2801 unless $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack;
2804 Found a legacy Catalyst::Engine::PSGI .psgi file at ${psgi_file}.
2806 Its content has been ignored. Please consult the Catalyst::Upgrading
2807 documentation on how to upgrade from Catalyst::Engine::PSGI.
2811 return $app->apply_default_middlewares($app->psgi_app);
2814 =head2 $c->apply_default_middlewares
2816 Adds the following L<Plack> middlewares to your application, since they are
2817 useful and commonly needed:
2819 L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy>, (conditionally added based on the status
2820 of your $ENV{REMOTE_ADDR}, and can be forced on with C<using_frontend_proxy>
2821 or forced off with C<ignore_frontend_proxy>), L<Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix>
2822 (if you are using Lighttpd), L<Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix> (always
2823 applied since this middleware is smart enough to conditionally apply itself).
2825 Additionally if we detect we are using Nginx, we add a bit of custom middleware
2826 to solve some problems with the way that server handles $ENV{PATH_INFO} and
2832 sub apply_default_middlewares {
2833 my ($app, $psgi_app) = @_;
2835 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2837 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->wrap($_[0]) },
2840 return if $app->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy};
2841 return $env->{REMOTE_ADDR} eq '127.0.0.1'
2842 || $app->config->{using_frontend_proxy};
2846 # If we're running under Lighttpd, swap PATH_INFO and SCRIPT_NAME
2847 # http://lists.scsys.co.uk/pipermail/catalyst/2006-June/008361.html
2848 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2850 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix->wrap($_[0]) },
2853 return unless $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!lighttpd[-/]1\.(\d+\.\d+)!;
2854 return unless $1 < 4.23;
2859 # we're applying this unconditionally as the middleware itself already makes
2860 # sure it doesn't fuck things up if it's not running under one of the right
2862 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix->wrap($psgi_app);
2864 # And another IIS issue, this time with IIS7.
2865 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2867 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix->wrap($_[0]) },
2870 return $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!IIS/7\.[0-9]!;
2879 Returns a PSGI application code reference for the catalyst application
2880 C<$c>. This is the bare application without any middlewares
2881 applied. C<${myapp}.psgi> is not taken into account.
2883 This is what you want to be using to retrieve the PSGI application code
2884 reference of your Catalyst application for use in F<.psgi> files.
2890 my $psgi = $app->engine->build_psgi_app($app);
2891 return $app->Catalyst::Utils::apply_registered_middleware($psgi);
2894 =head2 $c->setup_home
2896 Sets up the home directory.
2901 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2903 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
2907 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2910 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
2911 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2912 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2916 =head2 $c->setup_log
2918 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
2919 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
2922 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
2923 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
2924 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
2926 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
2927 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
2928 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
2933 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
2936 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
2937 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
2938 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels;
2940 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
2941 if ( defined $env_debug ) {
2942 $levels{debug} = 1 if $env_debug; # Ugly!
2943 delete($levels{debug}) unless $env_debug;
2946 unless ( $class->log ) {
2947 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
2950 if ( $levels{debug} ) {
2951 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
2952 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2956 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2962 =head2 $c->setup_stats
2964 Sets up timing statistics class.
2969 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
2971 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
2973 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
2974 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
2975 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
2976 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
2981 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
2983 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
2986 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
2987 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
2988 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
2990 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
2998 sub registered_plugins {
3000 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
3002 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
3003 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
3006 sub _register_plugin {
3007 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
3008 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
3010 load_class( $plugin );
3011 $class->log->warn( "$plugin inherits from 'Catalyst::Component' - this is deprecated and will not work in 5.81" )
3012 if $plugin->isa( 'Catalyst::Component' );
3013 my $plugin_meta = Moose::Meta::Class->create($plugin);
3014 if (!$plugin_meta->has_method('new')
3015 && ( $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor') ) ) {
3016 $plugin_meta->add_method('new', Moose::Object->meta->get_method('new'))
3018 if (!$instant && !$proto->_plugins->{$plugin}) {
3019 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
3020 $meta->superclasses($plugin, $meta->superclasses);
3022 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
3026 sub _default_plugins { return qw(Unicode::Encoding) }
3029 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
3031 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
3033 m/Unicode::Encoding/ ? do {
3035 'Unicode::Encoding plugin is auto-applied,'
3036 . ' please remove this from your appclass'
3037 . ' and make sure to define "encoding" config'
3039 unless (exists $class->config->{'encoding'}) {
3040 $class->config->{'encoding'} = 'UTF-8';
3045 push @$plugins, $class->_default_plugins;
3046 $plugins = Data::OptList::mkopt($plugins || []);
3049 [ Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace(
3050 $class . '::Plugin',
3051 'Catalyst::Plugin', $_->[0]
3057 for my $plugin ( reverse @plugins ) {
3058 load_class($plugin->[0], $plugin->[1]);
3059 my $meta = find_meta($plugin->[0]);
3060 next if $meta && $meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role');
3062 $class->_register_plugin($plugin->[0]);
3066 map { $_->[0]->name, $_->[1] }
3067 grep { blessed($_->[0]) && $_->[0]->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
3068 map { [find_meta($_->[0]), $_->[1]] }
3071 Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(
3077 =head2 registered_middlewares
3079 Read only accessor that returns an array of all the middleware in the order
3080 that they were added (which is the REVERSE of the order they will be applied).
3082 The values returned will be either instances of L<Plack::Middleware> or of a
3083 compatible interface, or a coderef, which is assumed to be inlined middleware
3085 =head2 setup_middleware (?@middleware)
3087 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<psgi_middleware> or
3090 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<psgi_middleware> and how
3091 to use it to enable L<Plack::Middleware>
3093 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3094 you really don't need to invoke it. However you may do so if you find the idea
3095 of loading middleware via configuration weird :). For example:
3101 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware('Head');
3104 When we read middleware definitions from configuration, we reverse the list
3105 which sounds odd but is likely how you expect it to work if you have prior
3106 experience with L<Plack::Builder> or if you previously used the plugin
3107 L<Catalyst::Plugin::EnableMiddleware> (which is now considered deprecated)
3111 sub registered_middlewares {
3113 if(my $middleware = $class->_psgi_middleware) {
3115 Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions->new,
3116 Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect->new,
3117 Plack::Middleware::ContentLength->new,
3118 Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride->new,
3119 Plack::Middleware::Head->new,
3122 die "You cannot call ->registered_middlewares until middleware has been setup";
3126 sub setup_middleware {
3128 my @middleware_definitions = @_ ?
3129 @_ : reverse(@{$class->config->{'psgi_middleware'}||[]});
3131 my @middleware = ();
3132 while(my $next = shift(@middleware_definitions)) {
3134 if(Scalar::Util::blessed $next && $next->can('wrap')) {
3135 push @middleware, $next;
3136 } elsif(ref $next eq 'CODE') {
3137 push @middleware, $next;
3138 } elsif(ref $next eq 'HASH') {
3139 my $namespace = shift @middleware_definitions;
3140 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($namespace, %$next);
3141 push @middleware, $mw;
3143 die "I can't handle middleware definition ${\ref $next}";
3146 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($next);
3147 push @middleware, $mw;
3151 my @existing = @{$class->_psgi_middleware || []};
3152 $class->_psgi_middleware([@middleware,@existing,]);
3155 =head2 registered_data_handlers
3157 A read only copy of registered Data Handlers returned as a Hash, where each key
3158 is a content type and each value is a subref that attempts to decode that content
3161 =head2 setup_data_handlers (?@data_handler)
3163 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<data_handlers> or
3166 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<data_handlers>.
3168 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3169 you really don't need to invoke it.
3171 =head2 default_data_handlers
3173 Default Data Handlers that come bundled with L<Catalyst>. Currently there are
3174 only two default data handlers, for 'application/json' and an alternative to
3175 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' which supposed nested form parameters via
3176 L<CGI::Struct> or via L<CGI::Struct::XS> IF you've installed it.
3178 The 'application/json' data handler is used to parse incoming JSON into a Perl
3179 data structure. It used either L<JSON::MaybeXS> or L<JSON>, depending on which
3180 is installed. This allows you to fail back to L<JSON:PP>, which is a Pure Perl
3181 JSON decoder, and has the smallest dependency impact.
3183 Because we don't wish to add more dependencies to L<Catalyst>, if you wish to
3184 use this new feature we recommend installing L<JSON> or L<JSON::MaybeXS> in
3185 order to get the best performance. You should add either to your dependency
3186 list (Makefile.PL, dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3190 sub registered_data_handlers {
3192 if(my $data_handlers = $class->_data_handlers) {
3193 return %$data_handlers;
3195 die "You cannot call ->registered_data_handlers until data_handers has been setup";
3199 sub setup_data_handlers {
3200 my ($class, %data_handler_callbacks) = @_;
3201 %data_handler_callbacks = (
3202 %{$class->default_data_handlers},
3203 %{$class->config->{'data_handlers'}||+{}},
3204 %data_handler_callbacks);
3206 $class->_data_handlers(\%data_handler_callbacks);
3209 sub default_data_handlers {
3212 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' => sub {
3213 my ($fh, $req) = @_;
3214 my $params = $req->_use_hash_multivalue ? $req->body_parameters->mixed : $req->body_parameters;
3215 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('CGI::Struct::XS', 'CGI::Struct')
3216 ->can('build_cgi_struct')->($params);
3218 'application/json' => sub {
3219 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('JSON::MaybeXS', 'JSON')
3220 ->can('decode_json')->(do { local $/; $_->getline });
3227 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
3228 currently executing).
3232 Returns the current timing statistics object. By default Catalyst uses
3233 L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats>, but can be set otherwise with
3234 L<< stats_class|/"$c->stats_class" >>.
3236 Even if L<< -Stats|/"-Stats" >> is not enabled, the stats object is still
3237 available. By enabling it with C< $c->stats->enabled(1) >, it can be used to
3238 profile explicitly, although MyApp.pm still won't profile nor output anything
3241 =head2 $c->stats_class
3243 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class. L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats> is used by default.
3245 =head2 $c->use_stats
3247 Returns 1 when L<< stats collection|/"-Stats" >> is enabled.
3249 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overridden
3250 by declaring C<sub use_stats { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm, not by calling C<< $c->use_stats(1) >>.
3257 =head2 $c->write( $data )
3259 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
3260 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
3261 your output data, if known.
3268 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output (for compat)
3269 $c->finalize_headers;
3271 return $c->response->write( @_ );
3276 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
3277 messages in template systems.
3281 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
3283 =head1 CONFIGURATION
3285 There are a number of 'base' config variables which can be set:
3291 C<default_model> - The default model picked if you say C<< $c->model >>. See L<< /$c->model($name) >>.
3295 C<default_view> - The default view to be rendered or returned when C<< $c->view >> is called. See L<< /$c->view($name) >>.
3299 C<disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback> - Turns
3300 off the deprecated component resolution functionality so
3301 that if any of the component methods (e.g. C<< $c->controller('Foo') >>)
3302 are called then regex search will not be attempted on string values and
3303 instead C<undef> will be returned.
3307 C<home> - The application home directory. In an uninstalled application,
3308 this is the top level application directory. In an installed application,
3309 this will be the directory containing C<< MyApp.pm >>.
3313 C<ignore_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>
3317 C<name> - The name of the application in debug messages and the debug and
3322 C<parse_on_demand> - The request body (for example file uploads) will not be parsed
3323 until it is accessed. This allows you to (for example) check authentication (and reject
3324 the upload) before actually receiving all the data. See L</ON-DEMAND PARSER>
3328 C<root> - The root directory for templates. Usually this is just a
3329 subdirectory of the home directory, but you can set it to change the
3330 templates to a different directory.
3334 C<search_extra> - Array reference passed to Module::Pluggable to for additional
3335 namespaces from which components will be loaded (and constructed and stored in
3336 C<< $c->components >>).
3340 C<show_internal_actions> - If true, causes internal actions such as C<< _DISPATCH >>
3341 to be shown in hit debug tables in the test server.
3345 C<use_request_uri_for_path> - Controls if the C<REQUEST_URI> or C<PATH_INFO> environment
3346 variable should be used for determining the request path.
3348 Most web server environments pass the requested path to the application using environment variables,
3349 from which Catalyst has to reconstruct the request base (i.e. the top level path to / in the application,
3350 exposed as C<< $c->request->base >>) and the request path below that base.
3352 There are two methods of doing this, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. Which method is used
3353 is determined by the C<< $c->config(use_request_uri_for_path) >> setting (which can either be true or false).
3357 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 0
3359 This is the default (and the) traditional method that Catalyst has used for determining the path information.
3360 The path is generated from a combination of the C<PATH_INFO> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables.
3361 The allows the application to behave correctly when C<mod_rewrite> is being used to redirect requests
3362 into the application, as these variables are adjusted by mod_rewrite to take account for the redirect.
3364 However this method has the major disadvantage that it is impossible to correctly decode some elements
3365 of the path, as RFC 3875 says: "C<< Unlike a URI path, the PATH_INFO is not URL-encoded, and cannot
3366 contain path-segment parameters. >>" This means PATH_INFO is B<always> decoded, and therefore Catalyst
3367 can't distinguish / vs %2F in paths (in addition to other encoded values).
3369 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 1
3371 This method uses the C<REQUEST_URI> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables. As C<REQUEST_URI> is never
3372 decoded, this means that applications using this mode can correctly handle URIs including the %2F character
3373 (i.e. with C<AllowEncodedSlashes> set to C<On> in Apache).
3375 Given that this method of path resolution is provably more correct, it is recommended that you use
3376 this unless you have a specific need to deploy your application in a non-standard environment, and you are
3377 aware of the implications of not being able to handle encoded URI paths correctly.
3379 However it also means that in a number of cases when the app isn't installed directly at a path, but instead
3380 is having paths rewritten into it (e.g. as a .cgi/fcgi in a public_html directory, with mod_rewrite in a
3381 .htaccess file, or when SSI is used to rewrite pages into the app, or when sub-paths of the app are exposed
3382 at other URIs than that which the app is 'normally' based at with C<mod_rewrite>), the resolution of
3383 C<< $c->request->base >> will be incorrect.
3389 C<using_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>.
3393 C<encoding> - See L</ENCODING>
3397 C<abort_chain_on_error_fix>
3399 When there is an error in an action chain, the default behavior is to continue
3400 processing the remaining actions and then catch the error upon chain end. This
3401 can lead to running actions when the application is in an unexpected state. If
3402 you have this issue, setting this config value to true will promptly exit a
3403 chain when there is an error raised in any action (thus terminating the chain
3408 __PACKAGE__->config(abort_chain_on_error_fix => 1);
3410 In the future this might become the default behavior.
3414 C<use_hash_multivalue_in_request>
3416 In L<Catalyst::Request> the methods C<query_parameters>, C<body_parametes>
3417 and C<parameters> return a hashref where values might be scalar or an arrayref
3418 depending on the incoming data. In many cases this can be undesirable as it
3419 leads one to writing defensive code like the following:
3421 my ($val) = ref($c->req->parameters->{a}) ?
3422 @{$c->req->parameters->{a}} :
3423 $c->req->parameters->{a};
3425 Setting this configuration item to true will make L<Catalyst> populate the
3426 attributes underlying these methods with an instance of L<Hash::MultiValue>
3427 which is used by L<Plack::Request> and others to solve this very issue. You
3428 may prefer this behavior to the default, if so enable this option (be warned
3429 if you enable it in a legacy application we are not sure if it is completely
3430 backwardly compatible).
3434 C<psgi_middleware> - See L<PSGI MIDDLEWARE>.
3438 C<data_handlers> - See L<DATA HANDLERS>.
3442 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
3444 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
3445 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
3446 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
3448 MyApp->config(show_internal_actions => 1);
3450 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
3452 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
3453 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
3454 parsing with a config parameter.
3456 MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1);
3458 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
3460 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
3461 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
3462 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
3463 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
3464 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
3465 virtual host that the user connected through.
3467 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
3468 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
3469 changes are made to the request.
3471 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
3472 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
3474 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
3475 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
3477 Additionally, you may be running your backend application on an insecure
3478 connection (port 80) while your frontend proxy is running under SSL. If there
3479 is a discrepancy in the ports, use the HTTP header C<X-Forwarded-Port> to
3480 tell Catalyst what port the frontend listens on. This will allow all URIs to
3481 be created properly.
3483 In the case of passing in:
3485 X-Forwarded-Port: 443
3487 All calls to C<uri_for> will result in an https link, as is expected.
3489 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
3491 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
3492 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
3493 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
3496 MyApp->config(using_frontend_proxy => 1);
3498 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
3500 MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 0);
3502 =head2 Note about psgi files
3504 Note that if you supply your own .psgi file, calling
3505 C<< MyApp->psgi_app(@_); >>, then B<this will not happen automatically>.
3507 You either need to apply L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy> yourself
3508 in your psgi, for example:
3511 enable "Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy";
3515 This will unconditionally add the ReverseProxy support, or you need to call
3516 C<< $app = MyApp->apply_default_middlewares($app) >> (to conditionally
3517 apply the support depending upon your config).
3519 See L<Catalyst::PSGI> for more information.
3521 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
3523 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
3524 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
3525 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
3527 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
3528 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
3529 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
3531 =head1 DATA HANDLERS
3533 The L<Catalyst::Request> object uses L<HTTP::Body> to populate 'classic' HTML
3534 form parameters and URL search query fields. However it has become common
3535 for various alternative content types to be PUT or POSTed to your controllers
3536 and actions. People working on RESTful APIs, or using AJAX often use JSON,
3537 XML and other content types when communicating with an application server. In
3538 order to better support this use case, L<Catalyst> defines a global configuration
3539 option, C<data_handlers>, which lets you associate a content type with a coderef
3540 that parses that content type into something Perl can readily access.
3547 __PACKAGE__->config(
3549 'application/json' => sub { local $/; decode_json $_->getline },
3551 ## Any other configuration.
3556 By default L<Catalyst> comes with a generic JSON data handler similar to the
3557 example given above, which uses L<JSON::Maybe> to provide either L<JSON::PP>
3558 (a pure Perl, dependency free JSON parser) or L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> if you have
3559 it installed (if you want the faster XS parser, add it to you project Makefile.PL
3560 or dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3562 The C<data_handlers> configuation is a hashref whose keys are HTTP Content-Types
3563 (matched against the incoming request type using a regexp such as to be case
3564 insensitive) and whose values are coderefs that receive a localized version of
3565 C<$_> which is a filehandle object pointing to received body.
3567 This feature is considered an early access release and we reserve the right
3568 to alter the interface in order to provide a performant and secure solution to
3569 alternative request body content. Your reports welcomed!
3571 =head1 PSGI MIDDLEWARE
3573 You can define middleware, defined as L<Plack::Middleware> or a compatible
3574 interface in configuration. Your middleware definitions are in the form of an
3575 arrayref under the configuration key C<psgi_middleware>. Here's an example
3576 with details to follow:
3581 use Plack::Middleware::StackTrace;
3583 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3585 __PACKAGE__->config(
3586 'psgi_middleware', [
3589 $stacktrace_middleware,
3590 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3595 $env->{myapp.customkey} = 'helloworld';
3604 So the general form is:
3606 __PACKAGE__->config(psgi_middleware => \@middleware_definitions);
3608 Where C<@middleware> is one or more of the following, applied in the REVERSE of
3609 the order listed (to make it function similarly to L<Plack::Builder>:
3611 Alternatively, you may also define middleware by calling the L</setup_middleware>
3618 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware( \@middleware_definitions);
3621 In the case where you do both (use 'setup_middleware' and configuration) the
3622 package call to setup_middleware will be applied earlier (in other words its
3623 middleware will wrap closer to the application). Keep this in mind since in
3624 some cases the order of middleware is important.
3626 The two approaches are not exclusive.
3630 =item Middleware Object
3632 An already initialized object that conforms to the L<Plack::Middleware>
3635 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3637 __PACKAGE__->config(
3638 'psgi_middleware', [
3639 $stacktrace_middleware,
3645 A coderef that is an inlined middleware:
3647 __PACKAGE__->config(
3648 'psgi_middleware', [
3653 if($env->{PATH_INFO} =~m/forced/) {
3655 ->new(file=>TestApp->path_to(qw/share static forced.txt/))
3658 return $app->($env);
3668 We assume the scalar refers to a namespace after normalizing it using the
3671 (1) If the scalar is prefixed with a "+" (as in C<+MyApp::Foo>) then the full string
3672 is assumed to be 'as is', and we just install and use the middleware.
3674 (2) If the scalar begins with "Plack::Middleware" or your application namespace
3675 (the package name of your Catalyst application subclass), we also assume then
3676 that it is a full namespace, and use it.
3678 (3) Lastly, we then assume that the scalar is a partial namespace, and attempt to
3679 resolve it first by looking for it under your application namespace (for example
3680 if you application is "MyApp::Web" and the scalar is "MyMiddleware", we'd look
3681 under "MyApp::Web::Middleware::MyMiddleware") and if we don't find it there, we
3682 will then look under the regular L<Plack::Middleware> namespace (i.e. for the
3683 previous we'd try "Plack::Middleware::MyMiddleware"). We look under your application
3684 namespace first to let you 'override' common L<Plack::Middleware> locally, should
3685 you find that a good idea.
3691 __PACKAGE__->config(
3692 'psgi_middleware', [
3693 'Debug', ## MyAppWeb::Middleware::Debug->wrap or Plack::Middleware::Debug->wrap
3694 'Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace', ## Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace->wrap
3695 '+MyApp::Custom', ## MyApp::Custom->wrap
3699 =item a scalar followed by a hashref
3701 Just like the previous, except the following C<HashRef> is used as arguments
3702 to initialize the middleware object.
3704 __PACKAGE__->config(
3705 'psgi_middleware', [
3706 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3711 Please see L<PSGI> for more on middleware.
3715 On request, decodes all params from encoding into a sequence of
3716 logical characters. On response, encodes body into encoding.
3724 Returns an instance of an C<Encode> encoding
3726 print $c->encoding->name
3728 =item handle_unicode_encoding_exception ($exception_context)
3730 Method called when decoding process for a request fails.
3732 An C<$exception_context> hashref is provided to allow you to override the
3733 behaviour of your application when given data with incorrect encodings.
3735 The default method throws exceptions in the case of invalid request parameters
3736 (resulting in a 500 error), but ignores errors in upload filenames.
3738 The keys passed in the C<$exception_context> hash are:
3744 The value which was not able to be decoded.
3748 The exception received from L<Encode>.
3752 What type of data was being decoded. Valid values are (currently)
3753 C<params> - for request parameters / arguments / captures
3754 and C<uploads> - for request upload filenames.
3764 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
3768 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
3769 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
3773 http://catalyst.perl.org
3777 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
3781 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
3783 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
3785 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Controller> - Base classes for components
3787 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
3789 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
3791 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
3793 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
3795 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
3797 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
3799 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
3805 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
3807 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
3811 Andrew Ford E<lt>A.Ford@ford-mason.co.ukE<gt>
3815 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
3817 audreyt: Audrey Tang
3819 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
3821 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
3823 chansen: Christian Hansen
3825 chicks: Christopher Hicks
3827 Chisel Wright C<pause@herlpacker.co.uk>
3829 Danijel Milicevic C<me@danijel.de>
3831 David Kamholz E<lt>dkamholz@cpan.orgE<gt>
3833 David Naughton, C<naughton@umn.edu>
3837 dhoss: Devin Austin <dhoss@cpan.org>
3839 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
3843 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
3845 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
3847 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
3849 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
3851 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
3855 Gavin Henry C<ghenry@perl.me.uk>
3859 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@gmail.com>
3861 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
3863 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
3865 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
3867 jester: Jesse Sheidlower C<jester@panix.com>
3869 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
3875 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
3877 Jonathan Rockway C<< <jrockway@cpan.org> >>
3879 Kieren Diment C<kd@totaldatasolution.com>
3881 konobi: Scott McWhirter <konobi@cpan.org>
3883 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
3885 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
3887 mgrimes: Mark Grimes <mgrimes@cpan.org>
3889 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
3893 naughton: David Naughton
3895 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
3897 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
3899 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
3905 omega: Andreas Marienborg
3907 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
3909 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
3911 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
3913 random: Roland Lammel <lammel@cpan.org>
3915 Robert Sedlacek C<< <rs@474.at> >>
3917 SpiceMan: Marcel Montes
3921 szbalint: Balint Szilakszi <szbalint@cpan.org>
3923 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
3927 Viljo Marrandi C<vilts@yahoo.com>
3929 Will Hawes C<info@whawes.co.uk>
3931 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
3933 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
3935 Yuval Kogman, C<nothingmuch@woobling.org>
3937 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich, C<perl@rainboxx.de>
3939 dd070: Dhaval Dhanani <dhaval070@gmail.com>
3941 Upasana <me@upasana.me>
3945 Copyright (c) 2005, the above named PROJECT FOUNDER and CONTRIBUTORS.
3949 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
3950 the same terms as Perl itself.
3956 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;