1 package Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema;
5 extends 'Catalyst::Model';
6 with 'CatalystX::Component::Traits';
9 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
11 use namespace::autoclean;
12 use Carp::Clan '^Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema';
16 use Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema::Types
17 qw/ConnectInfo LoadedClass SchemaClass Schema/;
19 use MooseX::Types::Moose qw/ArrayRef Str ClassName Undef/;
23 Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema - DBIx::Class::Schema Model Class
27 First, prepare your database schema using L<DBIx::Class>, see
28 L<Catalyst::Helper::Model::DBIC::Schema> for how to generate a
29 L<DBIx::Class::Schema> from your database using the Helper script, and
30 L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base>.
32 A typical usage of the helper script would be:
34 script/myapp_create.pl model FilmDB DBIC::Schema MyApp::Schema::FilmDB \
35 create=static dbi:mysql:filmdb dbusername dbpass \
36 quote_char='`' name_sep='.'
38 If you are unfamiliar with L<DBIx::Class>, see L<DBIx::Class::Manual::Intro>
41 These examples assume that you already have a schema called
42 C<MyApp::Schema::FilmDB>, which defines some Result classes for tables in
43 C<MyApp::Schema::FilmDB::Result::Actor> and
44 C<MyApp::Schema::FilmDB::Result::Film>. Either created by the helper script (as
45 shown above) or manually.
47 The helper also creates a Model in C<lib/MyApp/Model/FilmDB.pm>, if you already
48 have a schema you can create just the Model using:
50 script/myapp_create.pl model FilmDB DBIC::Schema MyApp::Schema::FilmDB
51 dbi:mysql:filmdb dbusername dbpass
53 The connect_info is optional and will be hardcoded into the Model if provided.
54 It's better to configure it in your L<Catalyst> config file, which will also
55 override any hardcoded config, see L</connect_info> for examples.
57 Now you have a working Model which accesses your separate DBIC Schema. This can
58 be used/accessed in the normal Catalyst manner, via C<< $c->model() >>:
60 my $db_model = $c->model('FilmDB'); # a Catalyst::Model
61 my $dbic = $c->model('FilmDB')->schema; # the actual DBIC object
63 The Model proxies to the C<Schema> instance so you can do:
65 my $rs = $db_model->resultset('Actor'); # ... or ...
66 my $rs = $dbic ->resultset('Actor'); # same!
68 There is also a shortcut, which returns a L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> directly,
69 instead of a L<Catalyst::Model>:
71 my $rs = $c->model('FilmDB::Actor');
73 See L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> to find out more about which methods can be
76 You can also define your own ResultSet methods to encapsulate the
77 database/business logic of your applications. These go into, for example,
78 C<lib/MyApp/Schema/FilmDB/ResultSet/Actor.pm>. The class must inherit from
79 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> and is automatically loaded.
81 Then call your methods like any other L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> method:
83 $c->model('FilmDB::Actor')->SAG_members
87 # to access schema methods directly:
88 $c->model('FilmDB')->schema->source(...);
90 # to access the source object, resultset, and class:
91 $c->model('FilmDB')->source(...);
92 $c->model('FilmDB')->resultset(...);
93 $c->model('FilmDB')->class(...);
95 # For resultsets, there's an even quicker shortcut:
96 $c->model('FilmDB::Actor')
97 # is the same as $c->model('FilmDB')->resultset('Actor')
99 # To get the composed schema for making new connections:
100 my $newconn = $c->model('FilmDB')->composed_schema->connect(...);
102 # Or the same thing via a convenience shortcut:
103 my $newconn = $c->model('FilmDB')->connect(...);
105 # or, if your schema works on different storage drivers:
106 my $newconn = $c->model('FilmDB')->composed_schema->clone();
107 $newconn->storage_type('::LDAP');
108 $newconn->connection(...);
110 # and again, a convenience shortcut
111 my $newconn = $c->model('FilmDB')->clone();
112 $newconn->storage_type('::LDAP');
113 $newconn->connection(...);
115 To set up authentication, see L</"Setting up DBIC authentication"> below.
119 This is a Catalyst Model for L<DBIx::Class::Schema>-based Models. See
120 the documentation for L<Catalyst::Helper::Model::DBIC::Schema> for
121 information on generating these Models via Helper scripts.
123 When your Catalyst app starts up, a thin Model layer is created as an interface
124 to your DBIC Schema. It should be clearly noted that the model object returned
125 by C<< $c->model('FilmDB') >> is NOT itself a DBIC schema or resultset object,
126 but merely a wrapper proving L<methods|/METHODS> to access the underlying
127 schema (but also proxies other methods to the underlying schema.)
129 In addition to this model class, a shortcut class is generated for each
130 source in the schema, allowing easy and direct access to a resultset of the
131 corresponding type. These generated classes are even thinner than the model
132 class, providing no public methods but simply hooking into Catalyst's
133 model() accessor via the
134 L<ACCEPT_CONTEXT|Catalyst::Component/ACCEPT_CONTEXT> mechanism. The complete
135 contents of each generated class is roughly equivalent to the following:
137 package MyApp::Model::FilmDB::Actor
140 $c->model('FilmDB')->resultset('Actor');
143 In short, there are three techniques available for obtaining a DBIC
147 my $rs = $c->model('FilmDB')->schema->resultset('Actor');
149 # using the shortcut method on the model object
150 my $rs = $c->model('FilmDB')->resultset('Actor');
152 # using the generated class directly
153 my $rs = $c->model('FilmDB::Actor');
155 In order to add methods to a DBIC resultset, you cannot simply add them to
156 the source (row, table) definition class; you must define a separate custom
157 resultset class. This is just a matter of making a
158 C<lib/MyApp/Schema/ResultSet/Actor.pm> class that inherits from
159 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet>, if you are using
160 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/load_namespaces>, the default for helper script generated
163 See L<DBIx::Class::Manual::Cookbook/"Predefined searches">
164 for information on definining your own L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> classes for
165 use with L<DBIx::Class::Schema/load_classes>, the old default.
167 =head1 CONFIG PARAMETERS
169 Any options in your config not listed here are passed to your schema.
173 This is the classname of your L<DBIx::Class::Schema> Schema. It needs
174 to be findable in C<@INC>, but it does not need to be inside the
175 C<Catalyst::Model::> namespace. This parameter is required.
179 This is an arrayref of connection parameters, which are specific to your
180 C<storage_type> (see your storage type documentation for more details).
181 If you only need one parameter (e.g. the DSN), you can just pass a string
182 instead of an arrayref.
184 This is not required if C<schema_class> already has connection information
185 defined inside itself (which isn't highly recommended, but can be done)
187 For L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI>, which is the only supported
188 C<storage_type> in L<DBIx::Class> at the time of this writing, the
189 parameters are your dsn, username, password, and connect options hashref.
191 See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/connect_info> for a detailed explanation
192 of the arguments supported.
197 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=mypgdb',
203 dsn => 'dbi:SQLite:dbname=foo.db',
205 'PRAGMA synchronous = OFF',
210 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=mypgdb',
215 'some SQL statement',
216 'another SQL statement',
220 Or using L<Config::General>:
223 schema_class MyApp::Schema::FilmDB
226 dsn dbi:Pg:dbname=mypgdb
231 on_connect_do some SQL statement
232 on_connect_do another SQL statement
234 user_defined_schema_accessor foo
240 schema_class MyApp::Schema::FilmDB
241 connect_info dbi:SQLite:dbname=foo.db
255 on_connect_call: 'datetime_setup'
258 The old arrayref style with hashrefs for L<DBI> then L<DBIx::Class> options is also
262 'dbi:Pg:dbname=mypgdb',
271 'some SQL statement',
272 'another SQL statement',
279 Array of Traits to apply to the instance. Traits are L<Moose::Role>s.
281 They are relative to the C<< MyApp::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema:: >>, then
282 the C<< Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema:: >> namespaces, unless
283 prefixed with C<+> in which case they are taken to be a fully qualified name.
287 traits +MyApp::TraitFor::Model::Foo
289 A new instance is created at application time, so any consumed required
290 attributes, coercions and modifiers will work.
292 By default, the L<Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::SchemaProxy> trait
293 is loaded. It can be disabled by specifying C<-SchemaProxy> in traits. See
294 L<CatalystX:Component::Traits/"TRAIT MERGING">.
296 Traits are applied at L<Catalyst::Component/COMPONENT> time using
297 L<CatalystX::Component::Traits>.
299 C<ref $self> will be an anon class if any traits are applied, C<<
300 $self->_original_class_name >> will be the original class.
302 When writing a Trait, interesting points to modify are C<BUILD>, L</setup> and
305 Traits that come with the distribution:
309 =item L<Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::Caching>
311 =item L<Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::Replicated>
313 =item L<Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::SchemaProxy>
319 Allows the use of a different C<storage_type> than what is set in your
320 C<schema_class> (which in turn defaults to C<::DBI> if not set in current
321 L<DBIx::Class>). Completely optional, and probably unnecessary for most
322 people until other storage backends become available for L<DBIx::Class>.
326 The keys you pass in the model configuration are available as attributes.
328 Other attributes available:
332 Your connect_info args normalized to hashref form (with dsn/user/password.) See
333 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/connect_info> for more info on the hashref form of
338 The model name L<Catalyst> uses to resolve this model, the part after
339 C<::Model::> or C<::M::> in your class name. E.g. if your class name is
340 C<MyApp::Model::DB> the L</model_name> will be C<DB>.
342 =head2 _default_cursor_class
344 What to reset your L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/cursor_class> to if a custom one
345 doesn't work out. Defaults to L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
347 =head1 ATTRIBUTES FROM L<MooseX::Traits::Pluggable>
349 =head2 _original_class_name
351 The class name of your model before any L</traits> are applied. E.g.
356 Unresolved arrayref of traits passed in the config.
358 =head2 _resolved_traits
360 Traits you used resolved to full class names.
364 Methods not listed here are delegated to the connected schema used by the model
365 instance, so the following are equivalent:
367 $c->model('DB')->schema->my_accessor('foo');
369 $c->model('DB')->my_accessor('foo');
371 Methods on the model take precedence over schema methods.
375 Instantiates the Model based on the above-documented ->config parameters.
376 The only required parameter is C<schema_class>. C<connect_info> is
377 required in the case that C<schema_class> does not already have connection
378 information defined for it.
382 Accessor which returns the connected schema being used by the this model.
383 There are direct shortcuts on the model class itself for
384 schema->resultset, schema->source, and schema->class.
386 =head2 composed_schema
388 Accessor which returns the composed schema, which has no connection info,
389 which was used in constructing the C<schema> above. Useful for creating
390 new connections based on the same schema/model. There are direct shortcuts
391 from the model object for composed_schema->clone and composed_schema->connect
395 Shortcut for ->composed_schema->clone
399 Shortcut for ->composed_schema->connect
403 Shortcut for ->schema->source
407 Shortcut for ->schema->class
411 Shortcut for ->schema->resultset
415 Shortcut for ->schema->txn_do
417 =head2 txn_scope_guard
419 Shortcut for ->schema->txn_scope_guard
423 Provides an accessor for the connected schema's storage object.
424 Used often for debugging and controlling transactions.
428 has '+_trait_merge' => (default => 1);
430 __PACKAGE__->config->{traits} = ['SchemaProxy'];
432 has schema_class => (
439 has storage_type => (is => 'rw', isa => Str);
441 has connect_info => (is => 'rw', isa => ConnectInfo, coerce => 1);
450 has _default_cursor_class => (
453 default => 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor',
457 has schema => (is => 'rw', isa => Schema);
460 my ($self, $args) = @_;
461 my $class = $self->_original_class_name;
462 my $schema_class = $self->schema_class;
464 if( !$self->connect_info ) {
465 if($schema_class->storage && $schema_class->storage->connect_info) {
466 $self->connect_info($schema_class->storage->connect_info);
469 die "Either ->config->{connect_info} must be defined for $class"
470 . " or $schema_class must have connect info defined on it."
471 . " Here's what we got:\n"
476 if (exists $self->connect_info->{cursor_class}) {
477 eval { Class::MOP::load_class($self->connect_info->{cursor_class}) }
478 or croak "invalid connect_info: Cannot load your cursor_class"
479 . " ".$self->connect_info->{cursor_class}.": $@";
484 my $is_installed = defined $self->composed_schema;
486 $self->composed_schema($schema_class->compose_namespace($class))
487 unless $is_installed;
489 $self->schema($self->composed_schema->clone);
491 $self->schema->storage_type($self->storage_type)
492 if $self->storage_type;
494 $self->schema->connection($self->connect_info);
496 $self->_install_rs_models unless $is_installed;
499 sub clone { shift->composed_schema->clone(@_); }
501 sub connect { shift->composed_schema->connect(@_); }
503 # proxy methods, for when the SchemaProxy trait isn't loaded
505 sub resultset { shift->schema->resultset(@_); }
507 sub txn_do { shift->schema->txn_do(@_); }
509 sub txn_scope_guard { shift->schema->txn_scope_guard(@_); }
513 Called at C<BUILD> time before configuration, but after L</connect_info> is
514 set. To do something after configuuration use C<< after BUILD => >>.
516 Receives a hashref of args passed to C<BUILD>.
522 =head2 ACCEPT_CONTEXT
524 Point of extension for doing things at C<< $c->model >> time with context,
525 returns the model instance, see L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro/ACCEPT_CONTEXT> for
530 sub ACCEPT_CONTEXT { shift }
532 sub _install_rs_models {
534 my $class = $self->_original_class_name;
538 my @sources = $self->schema->sources;
541 warn <<'EOF' unless $ENV{CMDS_NO_SOURCES};
542 ******************************* WARNING ***************************************
543 * No sources found (did you forget to define your tables?) *
545 * To turn off this warning, set the CMDS_NO_SOURCES environment variable. *
546 *******************************************************************************
550 foreach my $moniker (@sources) {
551 my $classname = "${class}::$moniker";
552 *{"${classname}::ACCEPT_CONTEXT"} = sub {
554 shift->model($self->model_name)->resultset($moniker);
559 sub _reset_cursor_class {
562 if ($self->storage->can('cursor_class')) {
563 $self->storage->cursor_class($self->_default_cursor_class)
564 if $self->storage->cursor_class ne $self->_default_cursor_class;
571 sub composed_schema {
573 my $class = $self->_original_class_name;
574 my $store = \$COMPOSED_CACHE{$class}{$self->schema_class};
576 $$store = shift if @_;
582 sub _build_model_name {
584 my $class = $self->_original_class_name;
585 (my $model_name = $class) =~ s/^[\w:]+::(?:Model|M):://;
590 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;
596 =item CMDS_NO_SOURCES
598 Set this variable if you will be using schemas with no sources (Result classes)
599 to disable the warning. The warning is there because having no Result classes
600 is usually a mistake.
604 =head1 Setting up DBIC authentication
606 You can set this up with
607 L<Catalyst::Authentication::Store::DBIx::Class> in MyApp.pm:
611 use Catalyst qw/... Authentication .../;
615 __PACKAGE__->config('Plugin::Authentication' =>
617 default_realm => 'members',
621 password_field => 'password',
622 password_type => 'hashed'
623 password_hash_type => 'SHA-256'
626 class => 'DBIx::Class',
627 user_model => 'DB::User',
628 role_relation => 'roles',
629 role_field => 'rolename',
636 General Catalyst Stuff:
638 L<Catalyst::Manual>, L<Catalyst::Test>, L<Catalyst::Request>,
639 L<Catalyst::Response>, L<Catalyst::Helper>, L<Catalyst>,
641 Stuff related to DBIC and this Model style:
643 L<DBIx::Class>, L<DBIx::Class::Schema>,
644 L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader>, L<Catalyst::Helper::Model::DBIC::Schema>,
645 L<CatalystX::Component::Traits>, L<MooseX::Traits::Pluggable>
649 L<Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::Caching>,
650 L<Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::Replicated>,
651 L<Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::SchemaProxy>,
652 L<Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::QueryLog>
656 Brandon L Black C<blblack at gmail.com>
660 caelum: Rafael Kitover C<rkitover at cpan.org>
662 dandv: Dan Dascalescu C<dandv at cpan.org>
664 bluefeet: Aran Deltac C<bluefeet@cpan.org>
666 t0m: Tomas Doran C<bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
668 osfameron: C<osfameron@cpan.org>
670 ozum: Ozum Eldogan C<ozum@ozum.net>
672 Pavel I. Shaydo C<zwon@trinitum.org>
676 Copyright (c) 2006 - 2009
677 the Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
682 This program is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it
683 under the same terms as Perl itself.