4 # this file is an utra-lightweight stub. The first time a function is
5 # called, Carp::Heavy is loaded, and the real short/longmessmess_jmp
11 our $MaxArgLen = 64; # How much of each argument to print. 0 = all.
12 our $MaxArgNums = 8; # How many arguments to print. 0 = all.
15 our @ISA = ('Exporter');
16 our @EXPORT = qw(confess croak carp);
17 our @EXPORT_OK = qw(cluck verbose longmess shortmess);
18 our @EXPORT_FAIL = qw(verbose); # hook to enable verbose mode
20 # if the caller specifies verbose usage ("perl -MCarp=verbose script.pl")
21 # then the following method will be called by the Exporter which knows
22 # to do this thanks to @EXPORT_FAIL, above. $_[1] will contain the word
25 sub export_fail { shift; $Verbose = shift if $_[0] eq 'verbose'; @_ }
27 # fixed hooks for stashes to point to
28 sub longmess { goto &longmess_jmp }
29 sub shortmess { goto &shortmess_jmp }
30 # these two are replaced when Carp::Heavy is loaded
31 sub longmess_jmp {{ local($@, $!); require Carp::Heavy} goto &longmess_jmp}
32 sub shortmess_jmp {{ local($@, $!); require Carp::Heavy} goto &shortmess_jmp}
34 sub croak { die shortmess @_ }
35 sub confess { die longmess @_ }
36 sub carp { warn shortmess @_ }
37 sub cluck { warn longmess @_ }
44 carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
46 cluck - warn of errors with stack backtrace
47 (not exported by default)
49 croak - die of errors (from perspective of caller)
51 confess - die of errors with stack backtrace
53 shortmess - return the message that carp and croak produce
55 longmess - return the message that cluck and confess produce
60 croak "We're outta here!";
63 cluck "This is how we got here!";
65 print FH Carp::shortmess("This will have caller's details added");
66 print FH Carp::longmess("This will have stack backtrace added");
70 The Carp routines are useful in your own modules because
71 they act like die() or warn(), but with a message which is more
72 likely to be useful to a user of your module. In the case of
73 cluck, confess, and longmess that context is a summary of every
74 call in the call-stack. For a shorter message you can use carp,
75 croak or shortmess which report the error as being from where
76 your module was called. There is no guarantee that that is where
77 the error was, but it is a good educated guess.
79 You can also alter the way the output and logic of C<Carp> works, by
80 changing some global variables in the C<Carp> namespace. See the
81 section on C<GLOBAL VARIABLES> below.
83 Here is a more complete description of how shortmess works. What
84 it does is search the call-stack for a function call stack where
85 it hasn't been told that there shouldn't be an error. If every
86 call is marked safe, it then gives up and gives a full stack
87 backtrace instead. In other words it presumes that the first likely
88 looking potential suspect is guilty. Its rules for telling whether
89 a call shouldn't generate errors work as follows:
95 Any call from a package to itself is safe.
99 Packages claim that there won't be errors on calls to or from
100 packages explicitly marked as safe by inclusion in @CARP_NOT, or
101 (if that array is empty) @ISA. The ability to override what
102 @ISA says is new in 5.8.
106 The trust in item 2 is transitive. If A trusts B, and B
107 trusts C, then A trusts C. So if you do not override @ISA
108 with @CARP_NOT, then this trust relationship is identical to,
113 Any call from an internal Perl module is safe. (Nothing keeps
114 user modules from marking themselves as internal to Perl, but
115 this practice is discouraged.)
119 Any call to Carp is safe. (This rule is what keeps it from
120 reporting the error where you call carp/croak/shortmess.)
124 =head2 Forcing a Stack Trace
126 As a debugging aid, you can force Carp to treat a croak as a confess
127 and a carp as a cluck across I<all> modules. In other words, force a
128 detailed stack trace to be given. This can be very helpful when trying
129 to understand why, or from where, a warning or error is being generated.
131 This feature is enabled by 'importing' the non-existent symbol
132 'verbose'. You would typically enable it by saying
134 perl -MCarp=verbose script.pl
136 or by including the string C<MCarp=verbose> in the PERL5OPT
137 environment variable.
139 Alternately, you can set the global variable C<$Carp::Verbose> to true.
140 See the C<GLOBAL VARIABLES> section below.
142 =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES
144 =head2 $Carp::CarpLevel
146 This variable determines how many call frames are to be skipped when
147 reporting where an error occurred on a call to one of C<Carp>'s
148 functions. For example:
150 $Carp::CarpLevel = 1;
151 sub bar { .... or _error('Wrong input') }
152 sub _error { Carp::carp(@_) }
154 This would make Carp report the error as coming from C<bar>'s caller,
155 rather than from C<_error>'s caller, as it normally would.
159 =head2 $Carp::MaxEvalLen
161 This variable determines how many characters of a string-eval are to
162 be shown in the output. Use a value of C<0> to show all text.
166 =head2 $Carp::MaxArgLen
168 This variable determines how many characters of each argument to a
169 function to print. Use a value of C<0> to show the full length of the
174 =head2 $Carp::MaxArgNums
176 This variable determines how many arguments to each function to show.
177 Use a value of C<0> to show all arguments to a function call.
181 =head2 $Carp::Verbose
183 This variable makes C<Carp> use the C<longmess> function at all times.
184 This effectively means that all calls to C<carp> become C<cluck> and
185 all calls to C<croak> become C<confess>.
187 Note, this is analogous to using C<use Carp 'verbose'>.
193 The Carp routines don't handle exception objects currently.
194 If called with a first argument that is a reference, they simply
195 call die() or warn(), as appropriate.