3 # See the bottom of this file for the POD documentation. Search for the
6 # You can run this file through either pod2man or pod2html to produce pretty
7 # documentation in manual or html file format (these utilities are part of the
8 # Perl 5 distribution).
10 # Copyright 1995-1999, Lincoln D. Stein. All rights reserved.
11 # It may be used and modified freely, but I do request that this copyright
12 # notice remain attached to the file. You may modify this module as you
13 # wish, but if you redistribute a modified version, please attach a note
14 # listing the modifications you have made.
16 $CGI::Cookie::VERSION='1.20';
18 use CGI::Util qw(rearrange unescape escape);
19 use overload '""' => \&as_string,
23 # fetch a list of cookies from the environment and
24 # return as a hash. the cookies are parsed as normal
28 my $raw_cookie = $ENV{HTTP_COOKIE} || $ENV{COOKIE};
29 return () unless $raw_cookie;
30 return $class->parse($raw_cookie);
33 # fetch a list of cookies from the environment and
34 # return as a hash. the cookie values are not unescaped
35 # or altered in any way.
38 my $raw_cookie = $ENV{HTTP_COOKIE} || $ENV{COOKIE};
39 return () unless $raw_cookie;
43 my(@pairs) = split("; ?",$raw_cookie);
46 if (/^([^=]+)=(.*)/) {
54 $results{$key} = $value;
56 return \%results unless wantarray;
62 my ($self,$raw_cookie) = @_;
65 my(@pairs) = split("; ?",$raw_cookie);
68 my($key,$value) = split("=",$_,2);
70 # Some foreign cookies are not in name=value format, so ignore
72 next if !defined($value);
75 @values = map unescape($_),split(/[&;]/,$value.'&dmy');
78 $key = unescape($key);
79 # A bug in Netscape can cause several cookies with same name to
80 # appear. The FIRST one in HTTP_COOKIE is the most recent version.
81 $results{$key} ||= $self->new(-name=>$key,-value=>\@values);
83 return \%results unless wantarray;
89 $class = ref($class) if ref($class);
90 my($name,$value,$path,$domain,$secure,$expires) =
91 rearrange([NAME,[VALUE,VALUES],PATH,DOMAIN,SECURE,EXPIRES],@_);
93 # Pull out our parameters.
96 if (ref($value) eq 'ARRAY') {
98 } elsif (ref($value) eq 'HASH') {
110 # IE requires the path and domain to be present for some reason.
112 # however, this breaks networks which use host tables without fully qualified
113 # names, so we comment it out.
114 # $domain = CGI::virtual_host() unless defined $domain;
116 $self->path($path) if defined $path;
117 $self->domain($domain) if defined $domain;
118 $self->secure($secure) if defined $secure;
119 $self->expires($expires) if defined $expires;
125 return "" unless $self->name;
127 my(@constant_values,$domain,$path,$expires,$secure);
129 push(@constant_values,"domain=$domain") if $domain = $self->domain;
130 push(@constant_values,"path=$path") if $path = $self->path;
131 push(@constant_values,"expires=$expires") if $expires = $self->expires;
132 push(@constant_values,"secure") if $secure = $self->secure;
134 my($key) = escape($self->name);
135 my($cookie) = join("=",$key,join("&",map escape($_),$self->value));
136 return join("; ",$cookie,@constant_values);
142 return "$self" cmp $value;
149 $self->{'name'} = $name if defined $name;
150 return $self->{'name'};
156 $self->{'value'} = $value if defined $value;
157 return wantarray ? @{$self->{'value'}} : $self->{'value'}->[0]
163 $self->{'domain'} = $domain if defined $domain;
164 return $self->{'domain'};
170 $self->{'secure'} = $secure if defined $secure;
171 return $self->{'secure'};
177 $self->{'expires'} = CGI::Util::expires($expires,'cookie') if defined $expires;
178 return $self->{'expires'};
184 $self->{'path'} = $path if defined $path;
185 return $self->{'path'};
192 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
196 use CGI qw/:standard/;
199 # Create new cookies and send them
200 $cookie1 = new CGI::Cookie(-name=>'ID',-value=>123456);
201 $cookie2 = new CGI::Cookie(-name=>'preferences',
202 -value=>{ font => Helvetica,
205 print header(-cookie=>[$cookie1,$cookie2]);
207 # fetch existing cookies
208 %cookies = fetch CGI::Cookie;
209 $id = $cookies{'ID'}->value;
211 # create cookies returned from an external source
212 %cookies = parse CGI::Cookie($ENV{COOKIE});
216 CGI::Cookie is an interface to Netscape (HTTP/1.1) cookies, an
217 innovation that allows Web servers to store persistent information on
218 the browser's side of the connection. Although CGI::Cookie is
219 intended to be used in conjunction with CGI.pm (and is in fact used by
220 it internally), you can use this module independently.
222 For full information on cookies see
224 http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/http/rfc2109.txt
226 =head1 USING CGI::Cookie
228 CGI::Cookie is object oriented. Each cookie object has a name and a
229 value. The name is any scalar value. The value is any scalar or
230 array value (associative arrays are also allowed). Cookies also have
231 several optional attributes, including:
235 =item B<1. expiration date>
237 The expiration date tells the browser how long to hang on to the
238 cookie. If the cookie specifies an expiration date in the future, the
239 browser will store the cookie information in a disk file and return it
240 to the server every time the user reconnects (until the expiration
241 date is reached). If the cookie species an expiration date in the
242 past, the browser will remove the cookie from the disk file. If the
243 expiration date is not specified, the cookie will persist only until
244 the user quits the browser.
248 This is a partial or complete domain name for which the cookie is
249 valid. The browser will return the cookie to any host that matches
250 the partial domain name. For example, if you specify a domain name
251 of ".capricorn.com", then Netscape will return the cookie to
252 Web servers running on any of the machines "www.capricorn.com",
253 "ftp.capricorn.com", "feckless.capricorn.com", etc. Domain names
254 must contain at least two periods to prevent attempts to match
255 on top level domains like ".edu". If no domain is specified, then
256 the browser will only return the cookie to servers on the host the
257 cookie originated from.
261 If you provide a cookie path attribute, the browser will check it
262 against your script's URL before returning the cookie. For example,
263 if you specify the path "/cgi-bin", then the cookie will be returned
264 to each of the scripts "/cgi-bin/tally.pl", "/cgi-bin/order.pl", and
265 "/cgi-bin/customer_service/complain.pl", but not to the script
266 "/cgi-private/site_admin.pl". By default, the path is set to "/", so
267 that all scripts at your site will receive the cookie.
269 =item B<4. secure flag>
271 If the "secure" attribute is set, the cookie will only be sent to your
272 script if the CGI request is occurring on a secure channel, such as SSL.
276 =head2 Creating New Cookies
278 $c = new CGI::Cookie(-name => 'foo',
281 -domain => '.capricorn.com',
282 -path => '/cgi-bin/database',
286 Create cookies from scratch with the B<new> method. The B<-name> and
287 B<-value> parameters are required. The name must be a scalar value.
288 The value can be a scalar, an array reference, or a hash reference.
289 (At some point in the future cookies will support one of the Perl
290 object serialization protocols for full generality).
292 B<-expires> accepts any of the relative or absolute date formats
293 recognized by CGI.pm, for example "+3M" for three months in the
294 future. See CGI.pm's documentation for details.
296 B<-domain> points to a domain name or to a fully qualified host name.
297 If not specified, the cookie will be returned only to the Web server
300 B<-path> points to a partial URL on the current server. The cookie
301 will be returned to all URLs beginning with the specified path. If
302 not specified, it defaults to '/', which returns the cookie to all
305 B<-secure> if set to a true value instructs the browser to return the
306 cookie only when a cryptographic protocol is in use.
308 =head2 Sending the Cookie to the Browser
310 Within a CGI script you can send a cookie to the browser by creating
311 one or more Set-Cookie: fields in the HTTP header. Here is a typical
314 my $c = new CGI::Cookie(-name => 'foo',
315 -value => ['bar','baz'],
318 print "Set-Cookie: $c\n";
319 print "Content-Type: text/html\n\n";
321 To send more than one cookie, create several Set-Cookie: fields.
322 Alternatively, you may concatenate the cookies together with "; " and
323 send them in one field.
325 If you are using CGI.pm, you send cookies by providing a -cookie
326 argument to the header() method:
328 print header(-cookie=>$c);
330 Mod_perl users can set cookies using the request object's header_out()
333 $r->header_out('Set-Cookie',$c);
335 Internally, Cookie overloads the "" operator to call its as_string()
336 method when incorporated into the HTTP header. as_string() turns the
337 Cookie's internal representation into an RFC-compliant text
338 representation. You may call as_string() yourself if you prefer:
340 print "Set-Cookie: ",$c->as_string,"\n";
342 =head2 Recovering Previous Cookies
344 %cookies = fetch CGI::Cookie;
346 B<fetch> returns an associative array consisting of all cookies
347 returned by the browser. The keys of the array are the cookie names. You
348 can iterate through the cookies this way:
350 %cookies = fetch CGI::Cookie;
351 foreach (keys %cookies) {
352 do_something($cookies{$_});
355 In a scalar context, fetch() returns a hash reference, which may be more
356 efficient if you are manipulating multiple cookies.
358 CGI.pm uses the URL escaping methods to save and restore reserved characters
359 in its cookies. If you are trying to retrieve a cookie set by a foreign server,
360 this escaping method may trip you up. Use raw_fetch() instead, which has the
361 same semantics as fetch(), but performs no unescaping.
363 You may also retrieve cookies that were stored in some external
364 form using the parse() class method:
366 $COOKIES = `cat /usr/tmp/Cookie_stash`;
367 %cookies = parse CGI::Cookie($COOKIES);
369 =head2 Manipulating Cookies
371 Cookie objects have a series of accessor methods to get and set cookie
372 attributes. Each accessor has a similar syntax. Called without
373 arguments, the accessor returns the current value of the attribute.
374 Called with an argument, the accessor changes the attribute and
375 returns its new value.
381 Get or set the cookie's name. Example:
384 $new_name = $c->name('fred');
388 Get or set the cookie's value. Example:
391 @new_value = $c->value(['a','b','c','d']);
393 B<value()> is context sensitive. In a list context it will return
394 the current value of the cookie as an array. In a scalar context it
395 will return the B<first> value of a multivalued cookie.
399 Get or set the cookie's domain.
403 Get or set the cookie's path.
407 Get or set the cookie's expiration time.
412 =head1 AUTHOR INFORMATION
414 Copyright 1997-1998, Lincoln D. Stein. All rights reserved.
416 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
417 it under the same terms as Perl itself.
419 Address bug reports and comments to: lstein@cshl.org
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