1 ### the gnu tar specification:
2 ### http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/html_mono/tar.html
4 ### and the pax format spec, which tar derives from:
5 ### http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904975/utilities/pax.html
11 use vars qw[$DEBUG $error $VERSION $WARN $FOLLOW_SYMLINK $CHOWN $CHMOD
12 $DO_NOT_USE_PREFIX $HAS_PERLIO $HAS_IO_STRING];
20 $DO_NOT_USE_PREFIX = 0;
24 $HAS_PERLIO = $Config::Config{useperlio};
26 ### try and load IO::String anyway, so you can dynamically
27 ### switch between perlio and IO::String
32 $HAS_IO_STRING = $@ ? 0 : 1;
38 use Carp qw(carp croak);
40 use File::Spec::Unix ();
43 use Archive::Tar::File;
44 use Archive::Tar::Constant;
48 Archive::Tar - module for manipulations of tar archives
53 my $tar = Archive::Tar->new;
55 $tar->read('origin.tgz',1);
58 $tar->add_files('file/foo.pl', 'docs/README');
59 $tar->add_data('file/baz.txt', 'This is the contents now');
61 $tar->rename('oldname', 'new/file/name');
63 $tar->write('files.tar');
67 Archive::Tar provides an object oriented mechanism for handling tar
68 files. It provides class methods for quick and easy files handling
69 while also allowing for the creation of tar file objects for custom
70 manipulation. If you have the IO::Zlib module installed,
71 Archive::Tar will also support compressed or gzipped tar files.
73 An object of class Archive::Tar represents a .tar(.gz) archive full
78 =head2 Archive::Tar->new( [$file, $compressed] )
80 Returns a new Tar object. If given any arguments, C<new()> calls the
81 C<read()> method automatically, passing on the arguments provided to
84 If C<new()> is invoked with arguments and the C<read()> method fails
85 for any reason, C<new()> returns undef.
94 ### install get/set accessors for this object.
95 for my $key ( keys %$tmpl ) {
97 *{__PACKAGE__."::$key"} = sub {
99 $self->{$key} = $_[0] if @_;
100 return $self->{$key};
106 $class = ref $class if ref $class;
108 ### copying $tmpl here since a shallow copy makes it use the
109 ### same aref, causing for files to remain in memory always.
110 my $obj = bless { _data => [ ], _file => 'Unknown' }, $class;
113 unless ( $obj->read( @_ ) ) {
114 $obj->_error(qq[No data could be read from file]);
122 =head2 $tar->read ( $filename|$handle, $compressed, {opt => 'val'} )
124 Read the given tar file into memory.
125 The first argument can either be the name of a file or a reference to
126 an already open filehandle (or an IO::Zlib object if it's compressed)
127 The second argument indicates whether the file referenced by the first
128 argument is compressed.
130 The C<read> will I<replace> any previous content in C<$tar>!
132 The second argument may be considered optional if IO::Zlib is
133 installed, since it will transparently Do The Right Thing.
134 Archive::Tar will warn if you try to pass a compressed file if
135 IO::Zlib is not available and simply return.
137 Note that you can currently B<not> pass a C<gzip> compressed
138 filehandle, which is not opened with C<IO::Zlib>, nor a string
139 containing the full archive information (either compressed or
140 uncompressed). These are worth while features, but not currently
141 implemented. See the C<TODO> section.
143 The third argument can be a hash reference with options. Note that
144 all options are case-sensitive.
150 Do not read more than C<limit> files. This is useful if you have
151 very big archives, and are only interested in the first few files.
155 If set to true, immediately extract entries when reading them. This
156 gives you the same memory break as the C<extract_archive> function.
157 Note however that entries will not be read into memory, but written
162 All files are stored internally as C<Archive::Tar::File> objects.
163 Please consult the L<Archive::Tar::File> documentation for details.
165 Returns the number of files read in scalar context, and a list of
166 C<Archive::Tar::File> objects in list context.
173 my $gzip = shift || 0;
174 my $opts = shift || {};
176 unless( defined $file ) {
177 $self->_error( qq[No file to read from!] );
180 $self->_file( $file );
183 my $handle = $self->_get_handle($file, $gzip, READ_ONLY->( ZLIB ) )
186 my $data = $self->_read_tar( $handle, $opts ) or return;
188 $self->_data( $data );
190 return wantarray ? @$data : scalar @$data;
195 my $file = shift; return unless defined $file;
196 return $file if ref $file;
198 my $gzip = shift || 0;
199 my $mode = shift || READ_ONLY->( ZLIB ); # default to read only
203 ### only default to ZLIB if we're not trying to /write/ to a handle ###
204 if( ZLIB and $gzip || MODE_READ->( $mode ) ) {
206 ### IO::Zlib will Do The Right Thing, even when passed
212 $self->_error(qq[Compression not available - Install IO::Zlib!]);
221 unless( $fh->open( $file, $mode ) ) {
222 $self->_error( qq[Could not create filehandle for '$file': $!!] );
233 my $handle = shift or return;
234 my $opts = shift || {};
236 my $count = $opts->{limit} || 0;
237 my $extract = $opts->{extract} || 0;
239 ### set a cap on the amount of files to extract ###
241 $limit = 1 if $count > 0;
246 my $real_name; # to set the name of a file when
247 # we're encountering @longlink
251 while( $handle->read( $chunk, HEAD ) ) {
252 ### IO::Zlib doesn't support this yet
253 my $offset = eval { tell $handle } || 'unknown';
256 my $gzip = GZIP_MAGIC_NUM;
257 if( $chunk =~ /$gzip/ ) {
258 $self->_error( qq[Cannot read compressed format in tar-mode] );
263 ### if we can't read in all bytes... ###
264 last if length $chunk != HEAD;
266 ### Apparently this should really be two blocks of 512 zeroes,
267 ### but GNU tar sometimes gets it wrong. See comment in the
268 ### source code (tar.c) to GNU cpio.
269 next if $chunk eq TAR_END;
271 ### pass the realname, so we can set it 'proper' right away
272 ### some of the heuristics are done on the name, so important
275 { my %extra_args = ();
276 $extra_args{'name'} = $$real_name if defined $real_name;
278 unless( $entry = Archive::Tar::File->new( chunk => $chunk,
281 $self->_error( qq[Couldn't read chunk at offset $offset] );
287 ### http://www.gnu.org/manual/tar/html_node/tar_139.html
288 next if $entry->is_label;
290 if( length $entry->type and ($entry->is_file || $entry->is_longlink) ) {
292 if ( $entry->is_file && !$entry->validate ) {
293 ### sometimes the chunk is rather fux0r3d and a whole 512
294 ### bytes ends p in the ->name area.
295 ### clean it up, if need be
296 my $name = $entry->name;
297 $name = substr($name, 0, 100) if length $name > 100;
300 $self->_error( $name . qq[: checksum error] );
304 my $block = BLOCK_SIZE->( $entry->size );
306 $data = $entry->get_content_by_ref;
308 ### just read everything into memory
309 ### can't do lazy loading since IO::Zlib doesn't support 'seek'
310 ### this is because Compress::Zlib doesn't support it =/
311 ### this reads in the whole data in one read() call.
312 if( $handle->read( $$data, $block ) < $block ) {
313 $self->_error( qq[Read error on tarfile (missing data) '].
314 $entry->full_path ."' at offset $offset" );
318 ### throw away trailing garbage ###
319 substr ($$data, $entry->size) = "";
321 ### part II of the @LongLink munging -- need to do /after/
322 ### the checksum check.
323 if( $entry->is_longlink ) {
324 ### weird thing in tarfiles -- if the file is actually a
325 ### @LongLink, the data part seems to have a trailing ^@
326 ### (unprintable) char. to display, pipe output through less.
327 ### but that doesn't *always* happen.. so check if the last
328 ### character is a control character, and if so remove it
329 ### at any rate, we better remove that character here, or tests
330 ### like 'eq' and hashlook ups based on names will SO not work
331 ### remove it by calculating the proper size, and then
332 ### tossing out everything that's longer than that size.
334 ### count number of nulls
335 my $nulls = $$data =~ tr/\0/\0/;
337 ### cut data + size by that many bytes
338 $entry->size( $entry->size - $nulls );
339 substr ($$data, $entry->size) = "";
343 ### clean up of the entries.. posix tar /apparently/ has some
344 ### weird 'feature' that allows for filenames > 255 characters
345 ### they'll put a header in with as name '././@LongLink' and the
346 ### contents will be the name of the /next/ file in the archive
347 ### pretty crappy and kludgy if you ask me
349 ### set the name for the next entry if this is a @LongLink;
350 ### this is one ugly hack =/ but needed for direct extraction
351 if( $entry->is_longlink ) {
354 } elsif ( defined $real_name ) {
355 $entry->name( $$real_name );
360 $self->_extract_file( $entry ) if $extract
361 && !$entry->is_longlink
362 && !$entry->is_unknown
363 && !$entry->is_label;
365 ### Guard against tarfiles with garbage at the end
366 last LOOP if $entry->name eq '';
368 ### push only the name on the rv if we're extracting
369 ### -- for extract_archive
370 push @$tarfile, ($extract ? $entry->name : $entry);
373 $count-- unless $entry->is_longlink || $entry->is_dir;
374 last LOOP unless $count;
383 =head2 $tar->contains_file( $filename )
385 Check if the archive contains a certain file.
386 It will return true if the file is in the archive, false otherwise.
388 Note however, that this function does an exact match using C<eq>
389 on the full path. So it cannot compensate for case-insensitive file-
390 systems or compare 2 paths to see if they would point to the same
397 my $full = shift or return;
399 return 1 if $self->_find_entry($full);
403 =head2 $tar->extract( [@filenames] )
405 Write files whose names are equivalent to any of the names in
406 C<@filenames> to disk, creating subdirectories as necessary. This
407 might not work too well under VMS.
408 Under MacPerl, the file's modification time will be converted to the
409 MacOS zero of time, and appropriate conversions will be done to the
410 path. However, the length of each element of the path is not
411 inspected to see whether it's longer than MacOS currently allows (32
414 If C<extract> is called without a list of file names, the entire
415 contents of the archive are extracted.
417 Returns a list of filenames extracted.
425 ### you requested the extraction of only certian files
429 for my $entry ( @{$self->_data} ) {
430 next unless $file eq $entry->full_path;
432 ### we found the file you're looking for
438 return $self->_error( qq[Could not find '$file' in archive] );
442 ### just grab all the file items
444 @files = $self->get_files;
447 ### nothing found? that's an error
448 unless( scalar @files ) {
449 $self->_error( qq[No files found for ] . $self->_file );
454 for my $entry ( @files ) {
455 unless( $self->_extract_file( $entry ) ) {
456 $self->_error(q[Could not extract ']. $entry->full_path .q['] );
464 =head2 $tar->extract_file( $file, [$extract_path] )
466 Write an entry, whose name is equivalent to the file name provided to
467 disk. Optionally takes a second parameter, which is the full (unix)
468 path (including filename) the entry will be written to.
472 $tar->extract_file( 'name/in/archive', 'name/i/want/to/give/it' );
474 Returns true on success, false on failure.
480 my $file = shift or return;
483 my $entry = $self->_find_entry( $file )
484 or $self->_error( qq[Could not find an entry for '$file'] ), return;
486 return $self->_extract_file( $entry, $alt );
491 my $entry = shift or return;
495 ### you wanted an alternate extraction location ###
496 my $name = defined $alt ? $alt : $entry->full_path;
498 ### splitpath takes a bool at the end to indicate
499 ### that it's splitting a dir
500 my ($vol,$dirs,$file);
501 if ( defined $alt ) { # It's a local-OS path
502 ($vol,$dirs,$file) = File::Spec->splitpath( $alt,
505 ($vol,$dirs,$file) = File::Spec::Unix->splitpath( $name,
510 ### is $name an absolute path? ###
511 if( File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute( $dirs ) ) {
514 ### it's a relative path ###
516 my @dirs = File::Spec::Unix->splitdir( $dirs );
517 my @cwd = File::Spec->splitdir( $cwd );
518 $dir = File::Spec->catdir( @cwd, @dirs );
520 # catdir() returns undef if the path is longer than 255 chars on VMS
521 unless ( defined $dir ) {
522 $^W && $self->_error( qq[Could not compose a path for '$dirs'\n] );
528 if( -e $dir && !-d _ ) {
529 $^W && $self->_error( qq['$dir' exists, but it's not a directory!\n] );
534 eval { File::Path::mkpath( $dir, 0, 0777 ) };
536 $self->_error( qq[Could not create directory '$dir': $@] );
541 ### we're done if we just needed to create a dir ###
542 return 1 if $entry->is_dir;
544 my $full = File::Spec->catfile( $dir, $file );
546 if( $entry->is_unknown ) {
547 $self->_error( qq[Unknown file type for file '$full'] );
551 if( length $entry->type && $entry->is_file ) {
552 my $fh = IO::File->new;
553 $fh->open( '>' . $full ) or (
554 $self->_error( qq[Could not open file '$full': $!] ),
560 syswrite $fh, $entry->data or (
561 $self->_error( qq[Could not write data to '$full'] ),
567 $self->_error( qq[Could not close file '$full'] ),
572 $self->_make_special_file( $entry, $full ) or return;
575 utime time, $entry->mtime - TIME_OFFSET, $full or
576 $self->_error( qq[Could not update timestamp] );
578 if( $CHOWN && CAN_CHOWN ) {
579 chown $entry->uid, $entry->gid, $full or
580 $self->_error( qq[Could not set uid/gid on '$full'] );
583 ### only chmod if we're allowed to, but never chmod symlinks, since they'll
584 ### change the perms on the file they're linking too...
585 if( $CHMOD and not -l $full ) {
586 chmod $entry->mode, $full or
587 $self->_error( qq[Could not chown '$full' to ] . $entry->mode );
593 sub _make_special_file {
595 my $entry = shift or return;
596 my $file = shift; return unless defined $file;
600 if( $entry->is_symlink ) {
603 symlink( $entry->linkname, $file ) or $fail++;
606 $self->_extract_special_file_as_plain_file( $entry, $file )
610 $err = qq[Making symbolink link from '] . $entry->linkname .
611 qq[' to '$file' failed] if $fail;
613 } elsif ( $entry->is_hardlink ) {
616 link( $entry->linkname, $file ) or $fail++;
619 $self->_extract_special_file_as_plain_file( $entry, $file )
623 $err = qq[Making hard link from '] . $entry->linkname .
624 qq[' to '$file' failed] if $fail;
626 } elsif ( $entry->is_fifo ) {
627 ON_UNIX && !system('mknod', $file, 'p') or
628 $err = qq[Making fifo ']. $entry->name .qq[' failed];
630 } elsif ( $entry->is_blockdev or $entry->is_chardev ) {
631 my $mode = $entry->is_blockdev ? 'b' : 'c';
633 ON_UNIX && !system('mknod', $file, $mode,
634 $entry->devmajor, $entry->devminor) or
635 $err = qq[Making block device ']. $entry->name .qq[' (maj=] .
636 $entry->devmajor . qq[ min=] . $entry->devminor .
639 } elsif ( $entry->is_socket ) {
640 ### the original doesn't do anything special for sockets.... ###
644 return $err ? $self->_error( $err ) : 1;
647 ### don't know how to make symlinks, let's just extract the file as
649 sub _extract_special_file_as_plain_file {
651 my $entry = shift or return;
652 my $file = shift; return unless defined $file;
656 my $orig = $self->_find_entry( $entry->linkname );
659 $err = qq[Could not find file '] . $entry->linkname .
664 ### clone the entry, make it appear as a normal file ###
665 my $clone = $entry->clone;
666 $clone->_downgrade_to_plainfile;
667 $self->_extract_file( $clone, $file ) or last TRY;
672 return $self->_error($err);
675 =head2 $tar->list_files( [\@properties] )
677 Returns a list of the names of all the files in the archive.
679 If C<list_files()> is passed an array reference as its first argument
680 it returns a list of hash references containing the requested
681 properties of each file. The following list of properties is
682 supported: name, size, mtime (last modified date), mode, uid, gid,
683 linkname, uname, gname, devmajor, devminor, prefix.
685 Passing an array reference containing only one element, 'name', is
686 special cased to return a list of names rather than a list of hash
687 references, making it equivalent to calling C<list_files> without
694 my $aref = shift || [ ];
696 unless( $self->_data ) {
697 $self->read() or return;
700 if( @$aref == 0 or ( @$aref == 1 and $aref->[0] eq 'name' ) ) {
701 return map { $_->full_path } @{$self->_data};
705 #for my $obj ( @{$self->_data} ) {
706 # push @rv, { map { $_ => $obj->$_() } @$aref };
710 ### this does the same as the above.. just needs a +{ }
711 ### to make sure perl doesn't confuse it for a block
712 return map { my $o=$_;
713 +{ map { $_ => $o->$_() } @$aref }
722 unless( defined $file ) {
723 $self->_error( qq[No file specified] );
727 for my $entry ( @{$self->_data} ) {
728 my $path = $entry->full_path;
729 return $entry if $path eq $file;
732 $self->_error( qq[No such file in archive: '$file'] );
736 =head2 $tar->get_files( [@filenames] )
738 Returns the C<Archive::Tar::File> objects matching the filenames
739 provided. If no filename list was passed, all C<Archive::Tar::File>
740 objects in the current Tar object are returned.
742 Please refer to the C<Archive::Tar::File> documentation on how to
743 handle these objects.
750 return @{ $self->_data } unless @_;
753 for my $file ( @_ ) {
754 push @list, grep { defined } $self->_find_entry( $file );
760 =head2 $tar->get_content( $file )
762 Return the content of the named file.
768 my $entry = $self->_find_entry( shift ) or return;
773 =head2 $tar->replace_content( $file, $content )
775 Make the string $content be the content for the file named $file.
779 sub replace_content {
781 my $entry = $self->_find_entry( shift ) or return;
783 return $entry->replace_content( shift );
786 =head2 $tar->rename( $file, $new_name )
788 Rename the file of the in-memory archive to $new_name.
790 Note that you must specify a Unix path for $new_name, since per tar
791 standard, all files in the archive must be Unix paths.
793 Returns true on success and false on failure.
799 my $file = shift; return unless defined $file;
800 my $new = shift; return unless defined $new;
802 my $entry = $self->_find_entry( $file ) or return;
804 return $entry->rename( $new );
807 =head2 $tar->remove (@filenamelist)
809 Removes any entries with names matching any of the given filenames
810 from the in-memory archive. Returns a list of C<Archive::Tar::File>
819 my %seen = map { $_->full_path => $_ } @{$self->_data};
820 delete $seen{ $_ } for @list;
822 $self->_data( [values %seen] );
829 C<clear> clears the current in-memory archive. This effectively gives
830 you a 'blank' object, ready to be filled again. Note that C<clear>
831 only has effect on the object, not the underlying tarfile.
836 my $self = shift or return;
845 =head2 $tar->write ( [$file, $compressed, $prefix] )
847 Write the in-memory archive to disk. The first argument can either
848 be the name of a file or a reference to an already open filehandle (a
849 GLOB reference). If the second argument is true, the module will use
850 IO::Zlib to write the file in a compressed format. If IO::Zlib is
851 not available, the C<write> method will fail and return.
853 Note that when you pass in a filehandle, the compression argument
854 is ignored, as all files are printed verbatim to your filehandle.
855 If you wish to enable compression with filehandles, use an
856 C<IO::Zlib> filehandle instead.
858 Specific levels of compression can be chosen by passing the values 2
859 through 9 as the second parameter.
861 The third argument is an optional prefix. All files will be tucked
862 away in the directory you specify as prefix. So if you have files
863 'a' and 'b' in your archive, and you specify 'foo' as prefix, they
864 will be written to the archive as 'foo/a' and 'foo/b'.
866 If no arguments are given, C<write> returns the entire formatted
867 archive as a string, which could be useful if you'd like to stuff the
868 archive into a socket or a pipe to gzip or something.
874 my $file = shift; $file = '' unless defined $file;
875 my $gzip = shift || 0;
876 my $ext_prefix = shift; $ext_prefix = '' unless defined $ext_prefix;
879 ### only need a handle if we have a file to print to ###
880 my $handle = length($file)
881 ? ( $self->_get_handle($file, $gzip, WRITE_ONLY->($gzip) )
883 : $HAS_PERLIO ? do { open my $h, '>', \$dummy; $h }
884 : $HAS_IO_STRING ? IO::String->new
885 : __PACKAGE__->no_string_support();
889 for my $entry ( @{$self->_data} ) {
890 ### entries to be written to the tarfile ###
893 ### only now will we change the object to reflect the current state
894 ### of the name and prefix fields -- this needs to be limited to
896 my $clone = $entry->clone;
899 ### so, if you don't want use to use the prefix, we'll stuff
900 ### everything in the name field instead
901 if( $DO_NOT_USE_PREFIX ) {
903 ### you might have an extended prefix, if so, set it in the clone
904 ### XXX is ::Unix right?
905 $clone->name( length $ext_prefix
906 ? File::Spec::Unix->catdir( $ext_prefix,
908 : $clone->full_path );
909 $clone->prefix( '' );
911 ### otherwise, we'll have to set it properly -- prefix part in the
912 ### prefix and name part in the name field.
915 ### split them here, not before!
916 my ($prefix,$name) = $clone->_prefix_and_file( $clone->full_path );
918 ### you might have an extended prefix, if so, set it in the clone
919 ### XXX is ::Unix right?
920 $prefix = File::Spec::Unix->catdir( $ext_prefix, $prefix )
921 if length $ext_prefix;
923 $clone->prefix( $prefix );
924 $clone->name( $name );
927 ### names are too long, and will get truncated if we don't add a
928 ### '@LongLink' file...
929 my $make_longlink = ( length($clone->name) > NAME_LENGTH or
930 length($clone->prefix) > PREFIX_LENGTH
933 ### perhaps we need to make a longlink file?
934 if( $make_longlink ) {
935 my $longlink = Archive::Tar::File->new(
936 data => LONGLINK_NAME,
941 unless( $longlink ) {
942 $self->_error( qq[Could not create 'LongLink' entry for ] .
943 qq[oversize file '] . $clone->full_path ."'" );
947 push @write_me, $longlink;
950 push @write_me, $clone;
952 ### write the one, optionally 2 a::t::file objects to the handle
953 for my $clone (@write_me) {
955 ### if the file is a symlink, there are 2 options:
956 ### either we leave the symlink intact, but then we don't write any
957 ### data OR we follow the symlink, which means we actually make a
958 ### copy. if we do the latter, we have to change the TYPE of the
960 my $link_ok = $clone->is_symlink && $Archive::Tar::FOLLOW_SYMLINK;
961 my $data_ok = !$clone->is_symlink && $clone->has_content;
963 ### downgrade to a 'normal' file if it's a symlink we're going to
964 ### treat as a regular file
965 $clone->_downgrade_to_plainfile if $link_ok;
967 ### get the header for this block
968 my $header = $self->_format_tar_entry( $clone );
970 $self->_error(q[Could not format header for: ] .
975 unless( print $handle $header ) {
976 $self->_error(q[Could not write header for: ] .
981 if( $link_ok or $data_ok ) {
982 unless( print $handle $clone->data ) {
983 $self->_error(q[Could not write data for: ] .
988 ### pad the end of the clone if required ###
989 print $handle TAR_PAD->( $clone->size ) if $clone->size % BLOCK
992 } ### done writing these entries
995 ### write the end markers ###
996 print $handle TAR_END x 2 or
997 return $self->_error( qq[Could not write tar end markers] );
998 ### did you want it written to a file, or returned as a string? ###
999 return length($file) ? 1
1000 : $HAS_PERLIO ? $dummy
1001 : do { seek $handle, 0, 0; local $/; <$handle> }
1004 sub _format_tar_entry {
1006 my $entry = shift or return;
1007 my $ext_prefix = shift; $ext_prefix = '' unless defined $ext_prefix;
1008 my $no_prefix = shift || 0;
1010 my $file = $entry->name;
1011 my $prefix = $entry->prefix; $prefix = '' unless defined $prefix;
1013 ### remove the prefix from the file name
1014 ### not sure if this is still neeeded --kane
1015 ### no it's not -- Archive::Tar::File->_new_from_file will take care of
1016 ### this for us. Even worse, this would break if we tried to add a file
1018 #if( length $prefix ) {
1019 # $file =~ s/^$match//;
1022 $prefix = File::Spec::Unix->catdir($ext_prefix, $prefix)
1023 if length $ext_prefix;
1025 ### not sure why this is... ###
1026 my $l = PREFIX_LENGTH; # is ambiguous otherwise...
1027 substr ($prefix, 0, -$l) = "" if length $prefix >= PREFIX_LENGTH;
1029 my $f1 = "%06o"; my $f2 = "%11o";
1031 ### this might be optimizable with a 'changed' flag in the file objects ###
1036 (map { sprintf( $f1, $entry->$_() ) } qw[mode uid gid]),
1037 (map { sprintf( $f2, $entry->$_() ) } qw[size mtime]),
1039 "", # checksum field - space padded a bit down
1041 (map { $entry->$_() } qw[type linkname magic]),
1043 $entry->version || TAR_VERSION,
1045 (map { $entry->$_() } qw[uname gname]),
1046 (map { sprintf( $f1, $entry->$_() ) } qw[devmajor devminor]),
1048 ($no_prefix ? '' : $prefix)
1051 ### add the checksum ###
1052 substr($tar,148,7) = sprintf("%6o\0", unpack("%16C*",$tar));
1057 =head2 $tar->add_files( @filenamelist )
1059 Takes a list of filenames and adds them to the in-memory archive.
1061 The path to the file is automatically converted to a Unix like
1062 equivalent for use in the archive, and, if on MacOS, the file's
1063 modification time is converted from the MacOS epoch to the Unix epoch.
1064 So tar archives created on MacOS with B<Archive::Tar> can be read
1065 both with I<tar> on Unix and applications like I<suntar> or
1066 I<Stuffit Expander> on MacOS.
1068 Be aware that the file's type/creator and resource fork will be lost,
1069 which is usually what you want in cross-platform archives.
1071 Returns a list of C<Archive::Tar::File> objects that were just added.
1077 my @files = @_ or return;
1080 for my $file ( @files ) {
1081 unless( -e $file ) {
1082 $self->_error( qq[No such file: '$file'] );
1086 my $obj = Archive::Tar::File->new( file => $file );
1088 $self->_error( qq[Unable to add file: '$file'] );
1095 push @{$self->{_data}}, @rv;
1100 =head2 $tar->add_data ( $filename, $data, [$opthashref] )
1102 Takes a filename, a scalar full of data and optionally a reference to
1103 a hash with specific options.
1105 Will add a file to the in-memory archive, with name C<$filename> and
1106 content C<$data>. Specific properties can be set using C<$opthashref>.
1107 The following list of properties is supported: name, size, mtime
1108 (last modified date), mode, uid, gid, linkname, uname, gname,
1109 devmajor, devminor, prefix, type. (On MacOS, the file's path and
1110 modification times are converted to Unix equivalents.)
1112 Valid values for the file type are the following constants defined in
1113 Archive::Tar::Constants:
1125 Hard and symbolic ("soft") links; linkname should specify target.
1131 Character and block devices. devmajor and devminor should specify the major
1132 and minor device numbers.
1148 Returns the C<Archive::Tar::File> object that was just added, or
1149 C<undef> on failure.
1155 my ($file, $data, $opt) = @_;
1157 my $obj = Archive::Tar::File->new( data => $file, $data, $opt );
1159 $self->_error( qq[Unable to add file: '$file'] );
1163 push @{$self->{_data}}, $obj;
1168 =head2 $tar->error( [$BOOL] )
1170 Returns the current errorstring (usually, the last error reported).
1171 If a true value was specified, it will give the C<Carp::longmess>
1172 equivalent of the error, in effect giving you a stacktrace.
1174 For backwards compatibility, this error is also available as
1175 C<$Archive::Tar::error> although it is much recommended you use the
1176 method call instead.
1186 my $msg = $error = shift;
1187 $longmess = Carp::longmess($error);
1189 ### set Archive::Tar::WARN to 0 to disable printing
1192 carp $DEBUG ? $longmess : $msg;
1200 return shift() ? $longmess : $error;
1205 =head2 $bool = $tar->has_io_string
1207 Returns true if we currently have C<IO::String> support loaded.
1209 Either C<IO::String> or C<perlio> support is needed to support writing
1210 stringified archives. Currently, C<perlio> is the preferred method, if
1213 See the C<GLOBAL VARIABLES> section to see how to change this preference.
1217 sub has_io_string { return $HAS_IO_STRING; }
1219 =head2 $bool = $tar->has_perlio
1221 Returns true if we currently have C<perlio> support loaded.
1223 This requires C<perl-5.8> or higher, compiled with C<perlio>
1225 Either C<IO::String> or C<perlio> support is needed to support writing
1226 stringified archives. Currently, C<perlio> is the preferred method, if
1229 See the C<GLOBAL VARIABLES> section to see how to change this preference.
1233 sub has_perlio { return $HAS_PERLIO; }
1236 =head1 Class Methods
1238 =head2 Archive::Tar->create_archive($file, $compression, @filelist)
1240 Creates a tar file from the list of files provided. The first
1241 argument can either be the name of the tar file to create or a
1242 reference to an open file handle (e.g. a GLOB reference).
1244 The second argument specifies the level of compression to be used, if
1245 any. Compression of tar files requires the installation of the
1246 IO::Zlib module. Specific levels of compression may be
1247 requested by passing a value between 2 and 9 as the second argument.
1248 Any other value evaluating as true will result in the default
1249 compression level being used.
1251 Note that when you pass in a filehandle, the compression argument
1252 is ignored, as all files are printed verbatim to your filehandle.
1253 If you wish to enable compression with filehandles, use an
1254 C<IO::Zlib> filehandle instead.
1256 The remaining arguments list the files to be included in the tar file.
1257 These files must all exist. Any files which don't exist or can't be
1258 read are silently ignored.
1260 If the archive creation fails for any reason, C<create_archive> will
1261 return false. Please use the C<error> method to find the cause of the
1264 Note that this method does not write C<on the fly> as it were; it
1265 still reads all the files into memory before writing out the archive.
1266 Consult the FAQ below if this is a problem.
1270 sub create_archive {
1273 my $file = shift; return unless defined $file;
1274 my $gzip = shift || 0;
1278 return $class->_error( qq[Cowardly refusing to create empty archive!] );
1281 my $tar = $class->new;
1282 $tar->add_files( @files );
1283 return $tar->write( $file, $gzip );
1286 =head2 Archive::Tar->list_archive ($file, $compressed, [\@properties])
1288 Returns a list of the names of all the files in the archive. The
1289 first argument can either be the name of the tar file to list or a
1290 reference to an open file handle (e.g. a GLOB reference).
1292 If C<list_archive()> is passed an array reference as its third
1293 argument it returns a list of hash references containing the requested
1294 properties of each file. The following list of properties is
1295 supported: full_path, name, size, mtime (last modified date), mode,
1296 uid, gid, linkname, uname, gname, devmajor, devminor, prefix.
1298 See C<Archive::Tar::File> for details about supported properties.
1300 Passing an array reference containing only one element, 'name', is
1301 special cased to return a list of names rather than a list of hash
1308 my $file = shift; return unless defined $file;
1309 my $gzip = shift || 0;
1311 my $tar = $class->new($file, $gzip);
1314 return $tar->list_files( @_ );
1317 =head2 Archive::Tar->extract_archive ($file, $gzip)
1319 Extracts the contents of the tar file. The first argument can either
1320 be the name of the tar file to create or a reference to an open file
1321 handle (e.g. a GLOB reference). All relative paths in the tar file will
1322 be created underneath the current working directory.
1324 C<extract_archive> will return a list of files it extracted.
1325 If the archive extraction fails for any reason, C<extract_archive>
1326 will return false. Please use the C<error> method to find the cause
1331 sub extract_archive {
1333 my $file = shift; return unless defined $file;
1334 my $gzip = shift || 0;
1336 my $tar = $class->new( ) or return;
1338 return $tar->read( $file, $gzip, { extract => 1 } );
1341 =head2 Archive::Tar->can_handle_compressed_files
1343 A simple checking routine, which will return true if C<Archive::Tar>
1344 is able to uncompress compressed archives on the fly with C<IO::Zlib>,
1345 or false if C<IO::Zlib> is not installed.
1347 You can use this as a shortcut to determine whether C<Archive::Tar>
1348 will do what you think before passing compressed archives to its
1353 sub can_handle_compressed_files { return ZLIB ? 1 : 0 }
1355 sub no_string_support {
1356 croak("You have to install IO::String to support writing archives to strings");
1363 =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES
1365 =head2 $Archive::Tar::FOLLOW_SYMLINK
1367 Set this variable to C<1> to make C<Archive::Tar> effectively make a
1368 copy of the file when extracting. Default is C<0>, which
1369 means the symlink stays intact. Of course, you will have to pack the
1370 file linked to as well.
1372 This option is checked when you write out the tarfile using C<write>
1373 or C<create_archive>.
1375 This works just like C</bin/tar>'s C<-h> option.
1377 =head2 $Archive::Tar::CHOWN
1379 By default, C<Archive::Tar> will try to C<chown> your files if it is
1380 able to. In some cases, this may not be desired. In that case, set
1381 this variable to C<0> to disable C<chown>-ing, even if it were
1384 The default is C<1>.
1386 =head2 $Archive::Tar::CHMOD
1388 By default, C<Archive::Tar> will try to C<chmod> your files to
1389 whatever mode was specified for the particular file in the archive.
1390 In some cases, this may not be desired. In that case, set this
1391 variable to C<0> to disable C<chmod>-ing.
1393 The default is C<1>.
1395 =head2 $Archive::Tar::DO_NOT_USE_PREFIX
1397 By default, C<Archive::Tar> will try to put paths that are over
1398 100 characters in the C<prefix> field of your tar header. However,
1399 some older tar programs do not implement this spec. To retain
1400 compatibility with these older versions, you can set the
1401 C<$DO_NOT_USE_PREFIX> variable to a true value, and C<Archive::Tar>
1402 will use an alternate way of dealing with paths over 100 characters
1403 by using the C<GNU Extended Header> feature.
1405 The default is C<0>.
1407 =head2 $Archive::Tar::DEBUG
1409 Set this variable to C<1> to always get the C<Carp::longmess> output
1410 of the warnings, instead of the regular C<carp>. This is the same
1411 message you would get by doing:
1417 =head2 $Archive::Tar::WARN
1419 Set this variable to C<0> if you do not want any warnings printed.
1420 Personally I recommend against doing this, but people asked for the
1421 option. Also, be advised that this is of course not threadsafe.
1425 =head2 $Archive::Tar::error
1427 Holds the last reported error. Kept for historical reasons, but its
1428 use is very much discouraged. Use the C<error()> method instead:
1430 warn $tar->error unless $tar->extract;
1432 =head2 $Archive::Tar::HAS_PERLIO
1434 This variable holds a boolean indicating if we currently have
1435 C<perlio> support loaded. This will be enabled for any perl
1436 greater than C<5.8> compiled with C<perlio>.
1438 If you feel strongly about disabling it, set this variable to
1439 C<false>. Note that you will then need C<IO::String> installed
1440 to support writing stringified archives.
1442 Don't change this variable unless you B<really> know what you're
1445 =head2 $Archive::Tar::HAS_IO_STRING
1447 This variable holds a boolean indicating if we currently have
1448 C<IO::String> support loaded. This will be enabled for any perl
1449 that has a loadable C<IO::String> module.
1451 If you feel strongly about disabling it, set this variable to
1452 C<false>. Note that you will then need C<perlio> support from
1453 your perl to be able to write stringified archives.
1455 Don't change this variable unless you B<really> know what you're
1462 =item What's the minimum perl version required to run Archive::Tar?
1464 You will need perl version 5.005_03 or newer.
1466 =item Isn't Archive::Tar slow?
1468 Yes it is. It's pure perl, so it's a lot slower then your C</bin/tar>
1469 However, it's very portable. If speed is an issue, consider using
1470 C</bin/tar> instead.
1472 =item Isn't Archive::Tar heavier on memory than /bin/tar?
1474 Yes it is, see previous answer. Since C<Compress::Zlib> and therefore
1475 C<IO::Zlib> doesn't support C<seek> on their filehandles, there is little
1476 choice but to read the archive into memory.
1477 This is ok if you want to do in-memory manipulation of the archive.
1478 If you just want to extract, use the C<extract_archive> class method
1479 instead. It will optimize and write to disk immediately.
1481 =item Can't you lazy-load data instead?
1483 No, not easily. See previous question.
1485 =item How much memory will an X kb tar file need?
1487 Probably more than X kb, since it will all be read into memory. If
1488 this is a problem, and you don't need to do in memory manipulation
1489 of the archive, consider using C</bin/tar> instead.
1491 =item What do you do with unsupported filetypes in an archive?
1493 C<Unix> has a few filetypes that aren't supported on other platforms,
1494 like C<Win32>. If we encounter a C<hardlink> or C<symlink> we'll just
1495 try to make a copy of the original file, rather than throwing an error.
1497 This does require you to read the entire archive in to memory first,
1498 since otherwise we wouldn't know what data to fill the copy with.
1499 (This means that you cannot use the class methods on archives that
1500 have incompatible filetypes and still expect things to work).
1502 For other filetypes, like C<chardevs> and C<blockdevs> we'll warn that
1503 the extraction of this particular item didn't work.
1505 =item How do I access .tar.Z files?
1507 The C<Archive::Tar> module can optionally use C<Compress::Zlib> (via
1508 the C<IO::Zlib> module) to access tar files that have been compressed
1509 with C<gzip>. Unfortunately tar files compressed with the Unix C<compress>
1510 utility cannot be read by C<Compress::Zlib> and so cannot be directly
1511 accesses by C<Archive::Tar>.
1513 If the C<uncompress> or C<gunzip> programs are available, you can use
1514 one of these workarounds to read C<.tar.Z> files from C<Archive::Tar>
1516 Firstly with C<uncompress>
1520 open F, "uncompress -c $filename |";
1521 my $tar = Archive::Tar->new(*F);
1524 and this with C<gunzip>
1528 open F, "gunzip -c $filename |";
1529 my $tar = Archive::Tar->new(*F);
1532 Similarly, if the C<compress> program is available, you can use this to
1533 write a C<.tar.Z> file
1538 my $fh = new IO::File "| compress -c >$filename";
1539 my $tar = Archive::Tar->new();
1551 =item Check if passed in handles are open for read/write
1553 Currently I don't know of any portable pure perl way to do this.
1554 Suggestions welcome.
1556 =item Allow archives to be passed in as string
1558 Currently, we only allow opened filehandles or filenames, but
1559 not strings. The internals would need some reworking to facilitate
1560 stringified archives.
1562 =item Facilitate processing an opened filehandle of a compressed archive
1564 Currently, we only support this if the filehandle is an IO::Zlib object.
1565 Environments, like apache, will present you with an opened filehandle
1566 to an uploaded file, which might be a compressed archive.
1573 Jos Boumans E<lt>kane@cpan.orgE<gt>.
1575 =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1577 Thanks to Sean Burke, Chris Nandor, Chip Salzenberg, Tim Heaney and
1578 especially Andrew Savige for their help and suggestions.
1583 copyright (c) 2002 Jos Boumans E<lt>kane@cpan.orgE<gt>.
1584 All rights reserved.
1586 This library is free software;
1587 you may redistribute and/or modify it under the same
1588 terms as Perl itself.