3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * "I sit beside the fire and think of all that I have seen." --Bilbo
16 =head1 Hash Manipulation Functions
18 A HV structure represents a Perl hash. It consists mainly of an array
19 of pointers, each of which points to a linked list of HE structures. The
20 array is indexed by the hash function of the key, so each linked list
21 represents all the hash entries with the same hash value. Each HE contains
22 a pointer to the actual value, plus a pointer to a HEK structure which
23 holds the key and hash value.
31 #define PERL_HASH_INTERNAL_ACCESS
34 #define HV_MAX_LENGTH_BEFORE_SPLIT 14
36 static const char S_strtab_error[]
37 = "Cannot modify shared string table in hv_%s";
43 /* We could generate this at compile time via (another) auxiliary C
45 const size_t arena_size = Perl_malloc_good_size(PERL_ARENA_SIZE);
46 HE* he = (HE*) Perl_get_arena(aTHX_ arena_size, HE_SVSLOT);
47 HE * const heend = &he[arena_size / sizeof(HE) - 1];
49 PL_body_roots[HE_SVSLOT] = he;
51 HeNEXT(he) = (HE*)(he + 1);
59 #define new_HE() (HE*)safemalloc(sizeof(HE))
60 #define del_HE(p) safefree((char*)p)
69 void ** const root = &PL_body_roots[HE_SVSLOT];
79 #define new_HE() new_he()
82 HeNEXT(p) = (HE*)(PL_body_roots[HE_SVSLOT]); \
83 PL_body_roots[HE_SVSLOT] = p; \
91 S_save_hek_flags(const char *str, I32 len, U32 hash, int flags)
93 const int flags_masked = flags & HVhek_MASK;
97 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAVE_HEK_FLAGS;
99 Newx(k, HEK_BASESIZE + len + 2, char);
101 Copy(str, HEK_KEY(hek), len, char);
102 HEK_KEY(hek)[len] = 0;
104 HEK_HASH(hek) = hash;
105 HEK_FLAGS(hek) = (unsigned char)flags_masked | HVhek_UNSHARED;
107 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
112 /* free the pool of temporary HE/HEK pairs returned by hv_fetch_ent
116 Perl_free_tied_hv_pool(pTHX)
119 HE *he = PL_hv_fetch_ent_mh;
122 Safefree(HeKEY_hek(he));
126 PL_hv_fetch_ent_mh = NULL;
129 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
131 Perl_hek_dup(pTHX_ HEK *source, CLONE_PARAMS* param)
133 HEK *shared = (HEK*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, source);
135 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HEK_DUP;
136 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(param);
139 /* We already shared this hash key. */
140 (void)share_hek_hek(shared);
144 = share_hek_flags(HEK_KEY(source), HEK_LEN(source),
145 HEK_HASH(source), HEK_FLAGS(source));
146 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, source, shared);
152 Perl_he_dup(pTHX_ const HE *e, bool shared, CLONE_PARAMS* param)
156 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HE_DUP;
160 /* look for it in the table first */
161 ret = (HE*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, e);
165 /* create anew and remember what it is */
167 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, e, ret);
169 HeNEXT(ret) = he_dup(HeNEXT(e),shared, param);
170 if (HeKLEN(e) == HEf_SVKEY) {
172 Newx(k, HEK_BASESIZE + sizeof(SV*), char);
173 HeKEY_hek(ret) = (HEK*)k;
174 HeKEY_sv(ret) = SvREFCNT_inc(sv_dup(HeKEY_sv(e), param));
177 /* This is hek_dup inlined, which seems to be important for speed
179 HEK * const source = HeKEY_hek(e);
180 HEK *shared = (HEK*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, source);
183 /* We already shared this hash key. */
184 (void)share_hek_hek(shared);
188 = share_hek_flags(HEK_KEY(source), HEK_LEN(source),
189 HEK_HASH(source), HEK_FLAGS(source));
190 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, source, shared);
192 HeKEY_hek(ret) = shared;
195 HeKEY_hek(ret) = save_hek_flags(HeKEY(e), HeKLEN(e), HeHASH(e),
197 HeVAL(ret) = SvREFCNT_inc(sv_dup(HeVAL(e), param));
200 #endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
203 S_hv_notallowed(pTHX_ int flags, const char *key, I32 klen,
206 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
208 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_NOTALLOWED;
210 if (!(flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)) {
211 sv_setpvn(sv, key, klen);
214 /* Need to free saved eventually assign to mortal SV */
215 /* XXX is this line an error ???: SV *sv = sv_newmortal(); */
216 sv_usepvn(sv, (char *) key, klen);
218 if (flags & HVhek_UTF8) {
221 Perl_croak(aTHX_ msg, SVfARG(sv));
224 /* (klen == HEf_SVKEY) is special for MAGICAL hv entries, meaning key slot
230 Stores an SV in a hash. The hash key is specified as C<key> and C<klen> is
231 the length of the key. The C<hash> parameter is the precomputed hash
232 value; if it is zero then Perl will compute it. The return value will be
233 NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
234 stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise it can
235 be dereferenced to get the original C<SV*>. Note that the caller is
236 responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of C<val> before
237 the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL. Effectively
238 a successful hv_store takes ownership of one reference to C<val>. This is
239 usually what you want; a newly created SV has a reference count of one, so
240 if all your code does is create SVs then store them in a hash, hv_store
241 will own the only reference to the new SV, and your code doesn't need to do
242 anything further to tidy up. hv_store is not implemented as a call to
243 hv_store_ent, and does not create a temporary SV for the key, so if your
244 key data is not already in SV form then use hv_store in preference to
247 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
248 information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
250 =for apidoc hv_store_ent
252 Stores C<val> in a hash. The hash key is specified as C<key>. The C<hash>
253 parameter is the precomputed hash value; if it is zero then Perl will
254 compute it. The return value is the new hash entry so created. It will be
255 NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
256 stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise the
257 contents of the return value can be accessed using the C<He?> macros
258 described here. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably
259 incrementing the reference count of C<val> before the call, and
260 decrementing it if the function returned NULL. Effectively a successful
261 hv_store_ent takes ownership of one reference to C<val>. This is
262 usually what you want; a newly created SV has a reference count of one, so
263 if all your code does is create SVs then store them in a hash, hv_store
264 will own the only reference to the new SV, and your code doesn't need to do
265 anything further to tidy up. Note that hv_store_ent only reads the C<key>;
266 unlike C<val> it does not take ownership of it, so maintaining the correct
267 reference count on C<key> is entirely the caller's responsibility. hv_store
268 is not implemented as a call to hv_store_ent, and does not create a temporary
269 SV for the key, so if your key data is not already in SV form then use
270 hv_store in preference to hv_store_ent.
272 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
273 information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
275 =for apidoc hv_exists
277 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. The
278 C<klen> is the length of the key.
282 Returns the SV which corresponds to the specified key in the hash. The
283 C<klen> is the length of the key. If C<lval> is set then the fetch will be
284 part of a store. Check that the return value is non-null before
285 dereferencing it to an C<SV*>.
287 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
288 information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
290 =for apidoc hv_exists_ent
292 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. C<hash>
293 can be a valid precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be
299 /* returns an HE * structure with the all fields set */
300 /* note that hent_val will be a mortal sv for MAGICAL hashes */
302 =for apidoc hv_fetch_ent
304 Returns the hash entry which corresponds to the specified key in the hash.
305 C<hash> must be a valid precomputed hash number for the given C<key>, or 0
306 if you want the function to compute it. IF C<lval> is set then the fetch
307 will be part of a store. Make sure the return value is non-null before
308 accessing it. The return value when C<tb> is a tied hash is a pointer to a
309 static location, so be sure to make a copy of the structure if you need to
312 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
313 information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
318 /* Common code for hv_delete()/hv_exists()/hv_fetch()/hv_store() */
320 Perl_hv_common_key_len(pTHX_ HV *hv, const char *key, I32 klen_i32,
321 const int action, SV *val, const U32 hash)
326 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_COMMON_KEY_LEN;
335 return hv_common(hv, NULL, key, klen, flags, action, val, hash);
339 Perl_hv_common(pTHX_ HV *hv, SV *keysv, const char *key, STRLEN klen,
340 int flags, int action, SV *val, register U32 hash)
349 const int return_svp = action & HV_FETCH_JUST_SV;
353 if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVTYPEMASK)
356 assert(SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV);
358 if (SvSMAGICAL(hv) && SvGMAGICAL(hv) && !(action & HV_DISABLE_UVAR_XKEY)) {
360 if ((mg = mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_uvar))) {
361 struct ufuncs * const uf = (struct ufuncs *)mg->mg_ptr;
362 if (uf->uf_set == NULL) {
363 SV* obj = mg->mg_obj;
366 keysv = newSVpvn_flags(key, klen, SVs_TEMP |
367 ((flags & HVhek_UTF8)
371 mg->mg_obj = keysv; /* pass key */
372 uf->uf_index = action; /* pass action */
373 magic_getuvar((SV*)hv, mg);
374 keysv = mg->mg_obj; /* may have changed */
377 /* If the key may have changed, then we need to invalidate
378 any passed-in computed hash value. */
384 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
386 key = SvPV_const(keysv, klen);
388 is_utf8 = (SvUTF8(keysv) != 0);
390 is_utf8 = ((flags & HVhek_UTF8) ? TRUE : FALSE);
393 if (action & HV_DELETE) {
394 return (void *) hv_delete_common(hv, keysv, key, klen,
395 flags | (is_utf8 ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0),
399 xhv = (XPVHV*)SvANY(hv);
401 if (SvRMAGICAL(hv) && !(action & (HV_FETCH_ISSTORE|HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS))) {
402 if ( mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_tied) || SvGMAGICAL((SV*)hv))
404 /* FIXME should be able to skimp on the HE/HEK here when
405 HV_FETCH_JUST_SV is true. */
407 keysv = newSVpvn_utf8(key, klen, is_utf8);
409 keysv = newSVsv(keysv);
412 mg_copy((SV*)hv, sv, (char *)keysv, HEf_SVKEY);
414 /* grab a fake HE/HEK pair from the pool or make a new one */
415 entry = PL_hv_fetch_ent_mh;
417 PL_hv_fetch_ent_mh = HeNEXT(entry);
421 Newx(k, HEK_BASESIZE + sizeof(SV*), char);
422 HeKEY_hek(entry) = (HEK*)k;
424 HeNEXT(entry) = NULL;
425 HeSVKEY_set(entry, keysv);
427 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVLV);
429 /* so we can free entry when freeing sv */
430 LvTARG(sv) = (SV*)entry;
432 /* XXX remove at some point? */
433 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
437 return entry ? (void *) &HeVAL(entry) : NULL;
439 return (void *) entry;
441 #ifdef ENV_IS_CASELESS
442 else if (mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_env)) {
444 for (i = 0; i < klen; ++i)
445 if (isLOWER(key[i])) {
446 /* Would be nice if we had a routine to do the
447 copy and upercase in a single pass through. */
448 const char * const nkey = strupr(savepvn(key,klen));
449 /* Note that this fetch is for nkey (the uppercased
450 key) whereas the store is for key (the original) */
451 void *result = hv_common(hv, NULL, nkey, klen,
452 HVhek_FREEKEY, /* free nkey */
453 0 /* non-LVAL fetch */
454 | HV_DISABLE_UVAR_XKEY
457 0 /* compute hash */);
458 if (!result && (action & HV_FETCH_LVALUE)) {
459 /* This call will free key if necessary.
460 Do it this way to encourage compiler to tail
462 result = hv_common(hv, keysv, key, klen, flags,
464 | HV_DISABLE_UVAR_XKEY
468 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
476 else if (SvRMAGICAL(hv) && (action & HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS)) {
477 if (mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_tied) || SvGMAGICAL((SV*)hv)) {
478 /* I don't understand why hv_exists_ent has svret and sv,
479 whereas hv_exists only had one. */
480 SV * const svret = sv_newmortal();
483 if (keysv || is_utf8) {
485 keysv = newSVpvn_utf8(key, klen, TRUE);
487 keysv = newSVsv(keysv);
489 mg_copy((SV*)hv, sv, (char *)sv_2mortal(keysv), HEf_SVKEY);
491 mg_copy((SV*)hv, sv, key, klen);
493 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
495 magic_existspack(svret, mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_tiedelem));
496 /* This cast somewhat evil, but I'm merely using NULL/
497 not NULL to return the boolean exists.
498 And I know hv is not NULL. */
499 return SvTRUE(svret) ? (void *)hv : NULL;
501 #ifdef ENV_IS_CASELESS
502 else if (mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_env)) {
503 /* XXX This code isn't UTF8 clean. */
504 char * const keysave = (char * const)key;
505 /* Will need to free this, so set FREEKEY flag. */
506 key = savepvn(key,klen);
507 key = (const char*)strupr((char*)key);
512 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY) {
515 flags |= HVhek_FREEKEY;
519 else if (action & HV_FETCH_ISSTORE) {
522 hv_magic_check (hv, &needs_copy, &needs_store);
524 const bool save_taint = PL_tainted;
525 if (keysv || is_utf8) {
527 keysv = newSVpvn_utf8(key, klen, TRUE);
530 PL_tainted = SvTAINTED(keysv);
531 keysv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(keysv));
532 mg_copy((SV*)hv, val, (char*)keysv, HEf_SVKEY);
534 mg_copy((SV*)hv, val, key, klen);
537 TAINT_IF(save_taint);
539 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
543 #ifdef ENV_IS_CASELESS
544 else if (mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_env)) {
545 /* XXX This code isn't UTF8 clean. */
546 const char *keysave = key;
547 /* Will need to free this, so set FREEKEY flag. */
548 key = savepvn(key,klen);
549 key = (const char*)strupr((char*)key);
554 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY) {
557 flags |= HVhek_FREEKEY;
565 if ((action & (HV_FETCH_LVALUE | HV_FETCH_ISSTORE))
566 #ifdef DYNAMIC_ENV_FETCH /* if it's an %ENV lookup, we may get it on the fly */
567 || (SvRMAGICAL((SV*)hv) && mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_env))
572 PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(xhv->xhv_max+1 /* HvMAX(hv)+1 */),
574 HvARRAY(hv) = (HE**)array;
576 #ifdef DYNAMIC_ENV_FETCH
577 else if (action & HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS) {
578 /* for an %ENV exists, if we do an insert it's by a recursive
579 store call, so avoid creating HvARRAY(hv) right now. */
583 /* XXX remove at some point? */
584 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
592 char * const keysave = (char *)key;
593 key = (char*)bytes_from_utf8((U8*)key, &klen, &is_utf8);
597 flags &= ~HVhek_UTF8;
598 if (key != keysave) {
599 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
601 flags |= HVhek_WASUTF8 | HVhek_FREEKEY;
606 PERL_HASH_INTERNAL(hash, key, klen);
607 /* We don't have a pointer to the hv, so we have to replicate the
608 flag into every HEK, so that hv_iterkeysv can see it. */
609 /* And yes, you do need this even though you are not "storing" because
610 you can flip the flags below if doing an lval lookup. (And that
611 was put in to give the semantics Andreas was expecting.) */
612 flags |= HVhek_REHASH;
614 if (keysv && (SvIsCOW_shared_hash(keysv))) {
615 hash = SvSHARED_HASH(keysv);
617 PERL_HASH(hash, key, klen);
621 masked_flags = (flags & HVhek_MASK);
623 #ifdef DYNAMIC_ENV_FETCH
624 if (!HvARRAY(hv)) entry = NULL;
628 entry = (HvARRAY(hv))[hash & (I32) HvMAX(hv)];
630 for (; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
631 if (HeHASH(entry) != hash) /* strings can't be equal */
633 if (HeKLEN(entry) != (I32)klen)
635 if (HeKEY(entry) != key && memNE(HeKEY(entry),key,klen)) /* is this it? */
637 if ((HeKFLAGS(entry) ^ masked_flags) & HVhek_UTF8)
640 if (action & (HV_FETCH_LVALUE|HV_FETCH_ISSTORE)) {
641 if (HeKFLAGS(entry) != masked_flags) {
642 /* We match if HVhek_UTF8 bit in our flags and hash key's
643 match. But if entry was set previously with HVhek_WASUTF8
644 and key now doesn't (or vice versa) then we should change
645 the key's flag, as this is assignment. */
646 if (HvSHAREKEYS(hv)) {
647 /* Need to swap the key we have for a key with the flags we
648 need. As keys are shared we can't just write to the
649 flag, so we share the new one, unshare the old one. */
650 HEK * const new_hek = share_hek_flags(key, klen, hash,
652 unshare_hek (HeKEY_hek(entry));
653 HeKEY_hek(entry) = new_hek;
655 else if (hv == PL_strtab) {
656 /* PL_strtab is usually the only hash without HvSHAREKEYS,
657 so putting this test here is cheap */
658 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
660 Perl_croak(aTHX_ S_strtab_error,
661 action & HV_FETCH_LVALUE ? "fetch" : "store");
664 HeKFLAGS(entry) = masked_flags;
665 if (masked_flags & HVhek_ENABLEHVKFLAGS)
668 if (HeVAL(entry) == &PL_sv_placeholder) {
669 /* yes, can store into placeholder slot */
670 if (action & HV_FETCH_LVALUE) {
672 /* This preserves behaviour with the old hv_fetch
673 implementation which at this point would bail out
674 with a break; (at "if we find a placeholder, we
675 pretend we haven't found anything")
677 That break mean that if a placeholder were found, it
678 caused a call into hv_store, which in turn would
679 check magic, and if there is no magic end up pretty
680 much back at this point (in hv_store's code). */
683 /* LVAL fetch which actaully needs a store. */
685 HvPLACEHOLDERS(hv)--;
688 if (val != &PL_sv_placeholder)
689 HvPLACEHOLDERS(hv)--;
692 } else if (action & HV_FETCH_ISSTORE) {
693 SvREFCNT_dec(HeVAL(entry));
696 } else if (HeVAL(entry) == &PL_sv_placeholder) {
697 /* if we find a placeholder, we pretend we haven't found
701 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
704 return entry ? (void *) &HeVAL(entry) : NULL;
708 #ifdef DYNAMIC_ENV_FETCH /* %ENV lookup? If so, try to fetch the value now */
709 if (!(action & HV_FETCH_ISSTORE)
710 && SvRMAGICAL((SV*)hv) && mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_env)) {
712 const char * const env = PerlEnv_ENVgetenv_len(key,&len);
714 sv = newSVpvn(env,len);
716 return hv_common(hv, keysv, key, klen, flags,
717 HV_FETCH_ISSTORE|HV_DISABLE_UVAR_XKEY|return_svp,
723 if (!entry && SvREADONLY(hv) && !(action & HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS)) {
724 hv_notallowed(flags, key, klen,
725 "Attempt to access disallowed key '%"SVf"' in"
726 " a restricted hash");
728 if (!(action & (HV_FETCH_LVALUE|HV_FETCH_ISSTORE))) {
729 /* Not doing some form of store, so return failure. */
730 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
734 if (action & HV_FETCH_LVALUE) {
737 /* At this point the old hv_fetch code would call to hv_store,
738 which in turn might do some tied magic. So we need to make that
739 magic check happen. */
740 /* gonna assign to this, so it better be there */
741 /* If a fetch-as-store fails on the fetch, then the action is to
742 recurse once into "hv_store". If we didn't do this, then that
743 recursive call would call the key conversion routine again.
744 However, as we replace the original key with the converted
745 key, this would result in a double conversion, which would show
746 up as a bug if the conversion routine is not idempotent. */
747 return hv_common(hv, keysv, key, klen, flags,
748 HV_FETCH_ISSTORE|HV_DISABLE_UVAR_XKEY|return_svp,
750 /* XXX Surely that could leak if the fetch-was-store fails?
751 Just like the hv_fetch. */
755 /* Welcome to hv_store... */
758 /* Not sure if we can get here. I think the only case of oentry being
759 NULL is for %ENV with dynamic env fetch. But that should disappear
760 with magic in the previous code. */
763 PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(xhv->xhv_max+1 /* HvMAX(hv)+1 */),
765 HvARRAY(hv) = (HE**)array;
768 oentry = &(HvARRAY(hv))[hash & (I32) xhv->xhv_max];
771 /* share_hek_flags will do the free for us. This might be considered
774 HeKEY_hek(entry) = share_hek_flags(key, klen, hash, flags);
775 else if (hv == PL_strtab) {
776 /* PL_strtab is usually the only hash without HvSHAREKEYS, so putting
777 this test here is cheap */
778 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
780 Perl_croak(aTHX_ S_strtab_error,
781 action & HV_FETCH_LVALUE ? "fetch" : "store");
783 else /* gotta do the real thing */
784 HeKEY_hek(entry) = save_hek_flags(key, klen, hash, flags);
786 HeNEXT(entry) = *oentry;
789 if (val == &PL_sv_placeholder)
790 HvPLACEHOLDERS(hv)++;
791 if (masked_flags & HVhek_ENABLEHVKFLAGS)
795 const HE *counter = HeNEXT(entry);
797 xhv->xhv_keys++; /* HvTOTALKEYS(hv)++ */
798 if (!counter) { /* initial entry? */
799 xhv->xhv_fill++; /* HvFILL(hv)++ */
800 } else if (xhv->xhv_keys > (IV)xhv->xhv_max) {
802 } else if(!HvREHASH(hv)) {
805 while ((counter = HeNEXT(counter)))
808 if (n_links > HV_MAX_LENGTH_BEFORE_SPLIT) {
809 /* Use only the old HvKEYS(hv) > HvMAX(hv) condition to limit
810 bucket splits on a rehashed hash, as we're not going to
811 split it again, and if someone is lucky (evil) enough to
812 get all the keys in one list they could exhaust our memory
813 as we repeatedly double the number of buckets on every
814 entry. Linear search feels a less worse thing to do. */
821 return entry ? (void *) &HeVAL(entry) : NULL;
823 return (void *) entry;
827 S_hv_magic_check(HV *hv, bool *needs_copy, bool *needs_store)
829 const MAGIC *mg = SvMAGIC(hv);
831 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_MAGIC_CHECK;
836 if (isUPPER(mg->mg_type)) {
838 if (mg->mg_type == PERL_MAGIC_tied) {
839 *needs_store = FALSE;
840 return; /* We've set all there is to set. */
843 mg = mg->mg_moremagic;
848 =for apidoc hv_scalar
850 Evaluates the hash in scalar context and returns the result. Handles magic when the hash is tied.
856 Perl_hv_scalar(pTHX_ HV *hv)
860 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_SCALAR;
862 if (SvRMAGICAL(hv)) {
863 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
865 return magic_scalarpack(hv, mg);
870 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%ld/%ld",
871 (long)HvFILL(hv), (long)HvMAX(hv) + 1);
879 =for apidoc hv_delete
881 Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the
882 hash and returned to the caller. The C<klen> is the length of the key.
883 The C<flags> value will normally be zero; if set to G_DISCARD then NULL
886 =for apidoc hv_delete_ent
888 Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the
889 hash and returned to the caller. The C<flags> value will normally be zero;
890 if set to G_DISCARD then NULL will be returned. C<hash> can be a valid
891 precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be computed.
897 S_hv_delete_common(pTHX_ HV *hv, SV *keysv, const char *key, STRLEN klen,
898 int k_flags, I32 d_flags, U32 hash)
903 register HE **oentry;
904 HE *const *first_entry;
905 bool is_utf8 = (k_flags & HVhek_UTF8) ? TRUE : FALSE;
908 if (SvRMAGICAL(hv)) {
911 hv_magic_check (hv, &needs_copy, &needs_store);
915 entry = (HE *) hv_common(hv, keysv, key, klen,
916 k_flags & ~HVhek_FREEKEY,
917 HV_FETCH_LVALUE|HV_DISABLE_UVAR_XKEY,
919 sv = entry ? HeVAL(entry) : NULL;
925 if (mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_tiedelem)) {
926 /* No longer an element */
927 sv_unmagic(sv, PERL_MAGIC_tiedelem);
930 return NULL; /* element cannot be deleted */
932 #ifdef ENV_IS_CASELESS
933 else if (mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_env)) {
934 /* XXX This code isn't UTF8 clean. */
935 keysv = newSVpvn_flags(key, klen, SVs_TEMP);
936 if (k_flags & HVhek_FREEKEY) {
939 key = strupr(SvPVX(keysv));
948 xhv = (XPVHV*)SvANY(hv);
953 const char * const keysave = key;
954 key = (char*)bytes_from_utf8((U8*)key, &klen, &is_utf8);
957 k_flags |= HVhek_UTF8;
959 k_flags &= ~HVhek_UTF8;
960 if (key != keysave) {
961 if (k_flags & HVhek_FREEKEY) {
962 /* This shouldn't happen if our caller does what we expect,
963 but strictly the API allows it. */
966 k_flags |= HVhek_WASUTF8 | HVhek_FREEKEY;
968 HvHASKFLAGS_on((SV*)hv);
972 PERL_HASH_INTERNAL(hash, key, klen);
974 if (keysv && (SvIsCOW_shared_hash(keysv))) {
975 hash = SvSHARED_HASH(keysv);
977 PERL_HASH(hash, key, klen);
981 masked_flags = (k_flags & HVhek_MASK);
983 first_entry = oentry = &(HvARRAY(hv))[hash & (I32) HvMAX(hv)];
985 for (; entry; oentry = &HeNEXT(entry), entry = *oentry) {
987 if (HeHASH(entry) != hash) /* strings can't be equal */
989 if (HeKLEN(entry) != (I32)klen)
991 if (HeKEY(entry) != key && memNE(HeKEY(entry),key,klen)) /* is this it? */
993 if ((HeKFLAGS(entry) ^ masked_flags) & HVhek_UTF8)
996 if (hv == PL_strtab) {
997 if (k_flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
999 Perl_croak(aTHX_ S_strtab_error, "delete");
1002 /* if placeholder is here, it's already been deleted.... */
1003 if (HeVAL(entry) == &PL_sv_placeholder) {
1004 if (k_flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
1008 if (SvREADONLY(hv) && HeVAL(entry) && SvREADONLY(HeVAL(entry))) {
1009 hv_notallowed(k_flags, key, klen,
1010 "Attempt to delete readonly key '%"SVf"' from"
1011 " a restricted hash");
1013 if (k_flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
1016 if (d_flags & G_DISCARD)
1019 sv = sv_2mortal(HeVAL(entry));
1020 HeVAL(entry) = &PL_sv_placeholder;
1024 * If a restricted hash, rather than really deleting the entry, put
1025 * a placeholder there. This marks the key as being "approved", so
1026 * we can still access via not-really-existing key without raising
1029 if (SvREADONLY(hv)) {
1030 SvREFCNT_dec(HeVAL(entry));
1031 HeVAL(entry) = &PL_sv_placeholder;
1032 /* We'll be saving this slot, so the number of allocated keys
1033 * doesn't go down, but the number placeholders goes up */
1034 HvPLACEHOLDERS(hv)++;
1036 *oentry = HeNEXT(entry);
1038 xhv->xhv_fill--; /* HvFILL(hv)-- */
1040 if (SvOOK(hv) && entry == HvAUX(hv)->xhv_eiter /* HvEITER(hv) */)
1043 hv_free_ent(hv, entry);
1044 xhv->xhv_keys--; /* HvTOTALKEYS(hv)-- */
1045 if (xhv->xhv_keys == 0)
1046 HvHASKFLAGS_off(hv);
1050 if (SvREADONLY(hv)) {
1051 hv_notallowed(k_flags, key, klen,
1052 "Attempt to delete disallowed key '%"SVf"' from"
1053 " a restricted hash");
1056 if (k_flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
1062 S_hsplit(pTHX_ HV *hv)
1065 register XPVHV* const xhv = (XPVHV*)SvANY(hv);
1066 const I32 oldsize = (I32) xhv->xhv_max+1; /* HvMAX(hv)+1 (sick) */
1067 register I32 newsize = oldsize * 2;
1069 char *a = (char*) HvARRAY(hv);
1071 register HE **oentry;
1072 int longest_chain = 0;
1075 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HSPLIT;
1077 /*PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "hsplit called for %p which had %d\n",
1078 (void*)hv, (int) oldsize);*/
1080 if (HvPLACEHOLDERS_get(hv) && !SvREADONLY(hv)) {
1081 /* Can make this clear any placeholders first for non-restricted hashes,
1082 even though Storable rebuilds restricted hashes by putting in all the
1083 placeholders (first) before turning on the readonly flag, because
1084 Storable always pre-splits the hash. */
1085 hv_clear_placeholders(hv);
1089 #if defined(STRANGE_MALLOC) || defined(MYMALLOC)
1090 Renew(a, PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(newsize)
1091 + (SvOOK(hv) ? sizeof(struct xpvhv_aux) : 0), char);
1097 Copy(&a[oldsize * sizeof(HE*)], &a[newsize * sizeof(HE*)], 1, struct xpvhv_aux);
1100 Newx(a, PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(newsize)
1101 + (SvOOK(hv) ? sizeof(struct xpvhv_aux) : 0), char);
1106 Copy(HvARRAY(hv), a, oldsize * sizeof(HE*), char);
1108 Copy(HvAUX(hv), &a[newsize * sizeof(HE*)], 1, struct xpvhv_aux);
1110 if (oldsize >= 64) {
1111 offer_nice_chunk(HvARRAY(hv),
1112 PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(oldsize)
1113 + (SvOOK(hv) ? sizeof(struct xpvhv_aux) : 0));
1116 Safefree(HvARRAY(hv));
1120 Zero(&a[oldsize * sizeof(HE*)], (newsize-oldsize) * sizeof(HE*), char); /* zero 2nd half*/
1121 xhv->xhv_max = --newsize; /* HvMAX(hv) = --newsize */
1122 HvARRAY(hv) = (HE**) a;
1125 for (i=0; i<oldsize; i++,aep++) {
1126 int left_length = 0;
1127 int right_length = 0;
1131 if (!*aep) /* non-existent */
1134 for (oentry = aep, entry = *aep; entry; entry = *oentry) {
1135 if ((HeHASH(entry) & newsize) != (U32)i) {
1136 *oentry = HeNEXT(entry);
1137 HeNEXT(entry) = *bep;
1139 xhv->xhv_fill++; /* HvFILL(hv)++ */
1145 oentry = &HeNEXT(entry);
1149 if (!*aep) /* everything moved */
1150 xhv->xhv_fill--; /* HvFILL(hv)-- */
1151 /* I think we don't actually need to keep track of the longest length,
1152 merely flag if anything is too long. But for the moment while
1153 developing this code I'll track it. */
1154 if (left_length > longest_chain)
1155 longest_chain = left_length;
1156 if (right_length > longest_chain)
1157 longest_chain = right_length;
1161 /* Pick your policy for "hashing isn't working" here: */
1162 if (longest_chain <= HV_MAX_LENGTH_BEFORE_SPLIT /* split worked? */
1167 if (hv == PL_strtab) {
1168 /* Urg. Someone is doing something nasty to the string table.
1173 /* Awooga. Awooga. Pathological data. */
1174 /*PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "%p %d of %d with %d/%d buckets\n", (void*)hv,
1175 longest_chain, HvTOTALKEYS(hv), HvFILL(hv), 1+HvMAX(hv));*/
1178 Newxz(a, PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(newsize)
1179 + (SvOOK(hv) ? sizeof(struct xpvhv_aux) : 0), char);
1181 Copy(HvAUX(hv), &a[newsize * sizeof(HE*)], 1, struct xpvhv_aux);
1184 was_shared = HvSHAREKEYS(hv);
1187 HvSHAREKEYS_off(hv);
1192 for (i=0; i<newsize; i++,aep++) {
1193 register HE *entry = *aep;
1195 /* We're going to trash this HE's next pointer when we chain it
1196 into the new hash below, so store where we go next. */
1197 HE * const next = HeNEXT(entry);
1202 PERL_HASH_INTERNAL(hash, HeKEY(entry), HeKLEN(entry));
1207 = save_hek_flags(HeKEY(entry), HeKLEN(entry),
1208 hash, HeKFLAGS(entry));
1209 unshare_hek (HeKEY_hek(entry));
1210 HeKEY_hek(entry) = new_hek;
1212 /* Not shared, so simply write the new hash in. */
1213 HeHASH(entry) = hash;
1215 /*PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "%d ", HeKFLAGS(entry));*/
1216 HEK_REHASH_on(HeKEY_hek(entry));
1217 /*PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "%d\n", HeKFLAGS(entry));*/
1219 /* Copy oentry to the correct new chain. */
1220 bep = ((HE**)a) + (hash & (I32) xhv->xhv_max);
1222 xhv->xhv_fill++; /* HvFILL(hv)++ */
1223 HeNEXT(entry) = *bep;
1229 Safefree (HvARRAY(hv));
1230 HvARRAY(hv) = (HE **)a;
1234 Perl_hv_ksplit(pTHX_ HV *hv, IV newmax)
1237 register XPVHV* xhv = (XPVHV*)SvANY(hv);
1238 const I32 oldsize = (I32) xhv->xhv_max+1; /* HvMAX(hv)+1 (sick) */
1239 register I32 newsize;
1244 register HE **oentry;
1246 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_KSPLIT;
1248 newsize = (I32) newmax; /* possible truncation here */
1249 if (newsize != newmax || newmax <= oldsize)
1251 while ((newsize & (1 + ~newsize)) != newsize) {
1252 newsize &= ~(newsize & (1 + ~newsize)); /* get proper power of 2 */
1254 if (newsize < newmax)
1256 if (newsize < newmax)
1257 return; /* overflow detection */
1259 a = (char *) HvARRAY(hv);
1262 #if defined(STRANGE_MALLOC) || defined(MYMALLOC)
1263 Renew(a, PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(newsize)
1264 + (SvOOK(hv) ? sizeof(struct xpvhv_aux) : 0), char);
1270 Copy(&a[oldsize * sizeof(HE*)], &a[newsize * sizeof(HE*)], 1, struct xpvhv_aux);
1273 Newx(a, PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(newsize)
1274 + (SvOOK(hv) ? sizeof(struct xpvhv_aux) : 0), char);
1279 Copy(HvARRAY(hv), a, oldsize * sizeof(HE*), char);
1281 Copy(HvAUX(hv), &a[newsize * sizeof(HE*)], 1, struct xpvhv_aux);
1283 if (oldsize >= 64) {
1284 offer_nice_chunk(HvARRAY(hv),
1285 PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(oldsize)
1286 + (SvOOK(hv) ? sizeof(struct xpvhv_aux) : 0));
1289 Safefree(HvARRAY(hv));
1292 Zero(&a[oldsize * sizeof(HE*)], (newsize-oldsize) * sizeof(HE*), char); /* zero 2nd half*/
1295 Newxz(a, PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(newsize), char);
1297 xhv->xhv_max = --newsize; /* HvMAX(hv) = --newsize */
1298 HvARRAY(hv) = (HE **) a;
1299 if (!xhv->xhv_fill /* !HvFILL(hv) */) /* skip rest if no entries */
1303 for (i=0; i<oldsize; i++,aep++) {
1304 if (!*aep) /* non-existent */
1306 for (oentry = aep, entry = *aep; entry; entry = *oentry) {
1307 register I32 j = (HeHASH(entry) & newsize);
1311 *oentry = HeNEXT(entry);
1312 if (!(HeNEXT(entry) = aep[j]))
1313 xhv->xhv_fill++; /* HvFILL(hv)++ */
1318 oentry = &HeNEXT(entry);
1320 if (!*aep) /* everything moved */
1321 xhv->xhv_fill--; /* HvFILL(hv)-- */
1326 Perl_newHVhv(pTHX_ HV *ohv)
1328 HV * const hv = newHV();
1329 STRLEN hv_max, hv_fill;
1331 if (!ohv || (hv_fill = HvFILL(ohv)) == 0)
1333 hv_max = HvMAX(ohv);
1335 if (!SvMAGICAL((SV *)ohv)) {
1336 /* It's an ordinary hash, so copy it fast. AMS 20010804 */
1338 const bool shared = !!HvSHAREKEYS(ohv);
1339 HE **ents, ** const oents = (HE **)HvARRAY(ohv);
1341 Newx(a, PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(hv_max+1), char);
1344 /* In each bucket... */
1345 for (i = 0; i <= hv_max; i++) {
1347 HE *oent = oents[i];
1354 /* Copy the linked list of entries. */
1355 for (; oent; oent = HeNEXT(oent)) {
1356 const U32 hash = HeHASH(oent);
1357 const char * const key = HeKEY(oent);
1358 const STRLEN len = HeKLEN(oent);
1359 const int flags = HeKFLAGS(oent);
1360 HE * const ent = new_HE();
1362 HeVAL(ent) = newSVsv(HeVAL(oent));
1364 = shared ? share_hek_flags(key, len, hash, flags)
1365 : save_hek_flags(key, len, hash, flags);
1376 HvFILL(hv) = hv_fill;
1377 HvTOTALKEYS(hv) = HvTOTALKEYS(ohv);
1381 /* Iterate over ohv, copying keys and values one at a time. */
1383 const I32 riter = HvRITER_get(ohv);
1384 HE * const eiter = HvEITER_get(ohv);
1386 /* Can we use fewer buckets? (hv_max is always 2^n-1) */
1387 while (hv_max && hv_max + 1 >= hv_fill * 2)
1388 hv_max = hv_max / 2;
1392 while ((entry = hv_iternext_flags(ohv, 0))) {
1393 (void)hv_store_flags(hv, HeKEY(entry), HeKLEN(entry),
1394 newSVsv(HeVAL(entry)), HeHASH(entry),
1397 HvRITER_set(ohv, riter);
1398 HvEITER_set(ohv, eiter);
1404 /* A rather specialised version of newHVhv for copying %^H, ensuring all the
1405 magic stays on it. */
1407 Perl_hv_copy_hints_hv(pTHX_ HV *const ohv)
1409 HV * const hv = newHV();
1412 if (ohv && (hv_fill = HvFILL(ohv))) {
1413 STRLEN hv_max = HvMAX(ohv);
1415 const I32 riter = HvRITER_get(ohv);
1416 HE * const eiter = HvEITER_get(ohv);
1418 while (hv_max && hv_max + 1 >= hv_fill * 2)
1419 hv_max = hv_max / 2;
1423 while ((entry = hv_iternext_flags(ohv, 0))) {
1424 SV *const sv = newSVsv(HeVAL(entry));
1425 sv_magic(sv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hintselem,
1426 (char *)newSVhek (HeKEY_hek(entry)), HEf_SVKEY);
1427 (void)hv_store_flags(hv, HeKEY(entry), HeKLEN(entry),
1428 sv, HeHASH(entry), HeKFLAGS(entry));
1430 HvRITER_set(ohv, riter);
1431 HvEITER_set(ohv, eiter);
1433 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
1438 Perl_hv_free_ent(pTHX_ HV *hv, register HE *entry)
1443 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_FREE_ENT;
1448 if (val && isGV(val) && isGV_with_GP(val) && GvCVu(val) && HvNAME_get(hv))
1449 mro_method_changed_in(hv); /* deletion of method from stash */
1451 if (HeKLEN(entry) == HEf_SVKEY) {
1452 SvREFCNT_dec(HeKEY_sv(entry));
1453 Safefree(HeKEY_hek(entry));
1455 else if (HvSHAREKEYS(hv))
1456 unshare_hek(HeKEY_hek(entry));
1458 Safefree(HeKEY_hek(entry));
1463 Perl_hv_delayfree_ent(pTHX_ HV *hv, register HE *entry)
1467 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_DELAYFREE_ENT;
1471 /* SvREFCNT_inc to counter the SvREFCNT_dec in hv_free_ent */
1472 sv_2mortal(SvREFCNT_inc(HeVAL(entry))); /* free between statements */
1473 if (HeKLEN(entry) == HEf_SVKEY) {
1474 sv_2mortal(SvREFCNT_inc(HeKEY_sv(entry)));
1476 hv_free_ent(hv, entry);
1480 =for apidoc hv_clear
1482 Clears a hash, making it empty.
1488 Perl_hv_clear(pTHX_ HV *hv)
1491 register XPVHV* xhv;
1495 DEBUG_A(Perl_hv_assert(aTHX_ hv));
1497 xhv = (XPVHV*)SvANY(hv);
1499 if (SvREADONLY(hv) && HvARRAY(hv) != NULL) {
1500 /* restricted hash: convert all keys to placeholders */
1502 for (i = 0; i <= xhv->xhv_max; i++) {
1503 HE *entry = (HvARRAY(hv))[i];
1504 for (; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1505 /* not already placeholder */
1506 if (HeVAL(entry) != &PL_sv_placeholder) {
1507 if (HeVAL(entry) && SvREADONLY(HeVAL(entry))) {
1508 SV* const keysv = hv_iterkeysv(entry);
1510 "Attempt to delete readonly key '%"SVf"' from a restricted hash",
1513 SvREFCNT_dec(HeVAL(entry));
1514 HeVAL(entry) = &PL_sv_placeholder;
1515 HvPLACEHOLDERS(hv)++;
1523 HvPLACEHOLDERS_set(hv, 0);
1525 Zero(HvARRAY(hv), xhv->xhv_max+1 /* HvMAX(hv)+1 */, HE*);
1530 HvHASKFLAGS_off(hv);
1535 mro_isa_changed_in(hv);
1536 HvEITER_set(hv, NULL);
1541 =for apidoc hv_clear_placeholders
1543 Clears any placeholders from a hash. If a restricted hash has any of its keys
1544 marked as readonly and the key is subsequently deleted, the key is not actually
1545 deleted but is marked by assigning it a value of &PL_sv_placeholder. This tags
1546 it so it will be ignored by future operations such as iterating over the hash,
1547 but will still allow the hash to have a value reassigned to the key at some
1548 future point. This function clears any such placeholder keys from the hash.
1549 See Hash::Util::lock_keys() for an example of its use.
1555 Perl_hv_clear_placeholders(pTHX_ HV *hv)
1558 const U32 items = (U32)HvPLACEHOLDERS_get(hv);
1560 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_CLEAR_PLACEHOLDERS;
1563 clear_placeholders(hv, items);
1567 S_clear_placeholders(pTHX_ HV *hv, U32 items)
1572 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CLEAR_PLACEHOLDERS;
1579 /* Loop down the linked list heads */
1581 HE **oentry = &(HvARRAY(hv))[i];
1584 while ((entry = *oentry)) {
1585 if (HeVAL(entry) == &PL_sv_placeholder) {
1586 *oentry = HeNEXT(entry);
1587 if (first && !*oentry)
1588 HvFILL(hv)--; /* This linked list is now empty. */
1589 if (entry == HvEITER_get(hv))
1592 hv_free_ent(hv, entry);
1596 HvTOTALKEYS(hv) -= (IV)HvPLACEHOLDERS_get(hv);
1597 if (HvKEYS(hv) == 0)
1598 HvHASKFLAGS_off(hv);
1599 HvPLACEHOLDERS_set(hv, 0);
1603 oentry = &HeNEXT(entry);
1608 /* You can't get here, hence assertion should always fail. */
1609 assert (items == 0);
1614 S_hfreeentries(pTHX_ HV *hv)
1616 /* This is the array that we're going to restore */
1617 HE **const orig_array = HvARRAY(hv);
1621 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HFREEENTRIES;
1627 /* If the hash is actually a symbol table with a name, look after the
1629 struct xpvhv_aux *iter = HvAUX(hv);
1631 name = iter->xhv_name;
1632 iter->xhv_name = NULL;
1637 /* orig_array remains unchanged throughout the loop. If after freeing all
1638 the entries it turns out that one of the little blighters has triggered
1639 an action that has caused HvARRAY to be re-allocated, then we set
1640 array to the new HvARRAY, and try again. */
1643 /* This is the one we're going to try to empty. First time round
1644 it's the original array. (Hopefully there will only be 1 time
1646 HE ** const array = HvARRAY(hv);
1649 /* Because we have taken xhv_name out, the only allocated pointer
1650 in the aux structure that might exist is the backreference array.
1655 struct mro_meta *meta;
1656 struct xpvhv_aux *iter = HvAUX(hv);
1657 /* If there are weak references to this HV, we need to avoid
1658 freeing them up here. In particular we need to keep the AV
1659 visible as what we're deleting might well have weak references
1660 back to this HV, so the for loop below may well trigger
1661 the removal of backreferences from this array. */
1663 if (iter->xhv_backreferences) {
1664 /* So donate them to regular backref magic to keep them safe.
1665 The sv_magic will increase the reference count of the AV,
1666 so we need to drop it first. */
1667 SvREFCNT_dec(iter->xhv_backreferences);
1668 if (AvFILLp(iter->xhv_backreferences) == -1) {
1669 /* Turns out that the array is empty. Just free it. */
1670 SvREFCNT_dec(iter->xhv_backreferences);
1673 sv_magic((SV*)hv, (SV*)iter->xhv_backreferences,
1674 PERL_MAGIC_backref, NULL, 0);
1676 iter->xhv_backreferences = NULL;
1679 entry = iter->xhv_eiter; /* HvEITER(hv) */
1680 if (entry && HvLAZYDEL(hv)) { /* was deleted earlier? */
1682 hv_free_ent(hv, entry);
1684 iter->xhv_riter = -1; /* HvRITER(hv) = -1 */
1685 iter->xhv_eiter = NULL; /* HvEITER(hv) = NULL */
1687 if((meta = iter->xhv_mro_meta)) {
1688 if(meta->mro_linear_dfs) SvREFCNT_dec(meta->mro_linear_dfs);
1689 if(meta->mro_linear_c3) SvREFCNT_dec(meta->mro_linear_c3);
1690 if(meta->mro_nextmethod) SvREFCNT_dec(meta->mro_nextmethod);
1692 iter->xhv_mro_meta = NULL;
1695 /* There are now no allocated pointers in the aux structure. */
1697 SvFLAGS(hv) &= ~SVf_OOK; /* Goodbye, aux structure. */
1698 /* What aux structure? */
1701 /* make everyone else think the array is empty, so that the destructors
1702 * called for freed entries can't recusively mess with us */
1705 ((XPVHV*) SvANY(hv))->xhv_keys = 0;
1709 /* Loop down the linked list heads */
1710 HE *entry = array[i];
1713 register HE * const oentry = entry;
1714 entry = HeNEXT(entry);
1715 hv_free_ent(hv, oentry);
1719 /* As there are no allocated pointers in the aux structure, it's now
1720 safe to free the array we just cleaned up, if it's not the one we're
1721 going to put back. */
1722 if (array != orig_array) {
1727 /* Good. No-one added anything this time round. */
1732 /* Someone attempted to iterate or set the hash name while we had
1733 the array set to 0. We'll catch backferences on the next time
1734 round the while loop. */
1735 assert(HvARRAY(hv));
1737 if (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_name) {
1738 unshare_hek_or_pvn(HvAUX(hv)->xhv_name, 0, 0, 0);
1742 if (--attempts == 0) {
1743 Perl_die(aTHX_ "panic: hfreeentries failed to free hash - something is repeatedly re-creating entries");
1747 HvARRAY(hv) = orig_array;
1749 /* If the hash was actually a symbol table, put the name back. */
1751 /* We have restored the original array. If name is non-NULL, then
1752 the original array had an aux structure at the end. So this is
1754 SvFLAGS(hv) |= SVf_OOK;
1755 HvAUX(hv)->xhv_name = name;
1760 =for apidoc hv_undef
1768 Perl_hv_undef(pTHX_ HV *hv)
1771 register XPVHV* xhv;
1776 DEBUG_A(Perl_hv_assert(aTHX_ hv));
1777 xhv = (XPVHV*)SvANY(hv);
1779 if ((name = HvNAME_get(hv)) && !PL_dirty)
1780 mro_isa_changed_in(hv);
1785 (void)hv_delete(PL_stashcache, name, HvNAMELEN_get(hv), G_DISCARD);
1786 hv_name_set(hv, NULL, 0, 0);
1788 SvFLAGS(hv) &= ~SVf_OOK;
1789 Safefree(HvARRAY(hv));
1790 xhv->xhv_max = 7; /* HvMAX(hv) = 7 (it's a normal hash) */
1792 HvPLACEHOLDERS_set(hv, 0);
1798 static struct xpvhv_aux*
1799 S_hv_auxinit(HV *hv) {
1800 struct xpvhv_aux *iter;
1803 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_AUXINIT;
1806 Newxz(array, PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(HvMAX(hv) + 1)
1807 + sizeof(struct xpvhv_aux), char);
1809 array = (char *) HvARRAY(hv);
1810 Renew(array, PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(HvMAX(hv) + 1)
1811 + sizeof(struct xpvhv_aux), char);
1813 HvARRAY(hv) = (HE**) array;
1814 /* SvOOK_on(hv) attacks the IV flags. */
1815 SvFLAGS(hv) |= SVf_OOK;
1818 iter->xhv_riter = -1; /* HvRITER(hv) = -1 */
1819 iter->xhv_eiter = NULL; /* HvEITER(hv) = NULL */
1821 iter->xhv_backreferences = 0;
1822 iter->xhv_mro_meta = NULL;
1827 =for apidoc hv_iterinit
1829 Prepares a starting point to traverse a hash table. Returns the number of
1830 keys in the hash (i.e. the same as C<HvKEYS(tb)>). The return value is
1831 currently only meaningful for hashes without tie magic.
1833 NOTE: Before version 5.004_65, C<hv_iterinit> used to return the number of
1834 hash buckets that happen to be in use. If you still need that esoteric
1835 value, you can get it through the macro C<HvFILL(tb)>.
1842 Perl_hv_iterinit(pTHX_ HV *hv)
1844 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_ITERINIT;
1846 /* FIXME: Are we not NULL, or do we croak? Place bets now! */
1849 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad hash");
1852 struct xpvhv_aux * const iter = HvAUX(hv);
1853 HE * const entry = iter->xhv_eiter; /* HvEITER(hv) */
1854 if (entry && HvLAZYDEL(hv)) { /* was deleted earlier? */
1856 hv_free_ent(hv, entry);
1858 iter->xhv_riter = -1; /* HvRITER(hv) = -1 */
1859 iter->xhv_eiter = NULL; /* HvEITER(hv) = NULL */
1864 /* used to be xhv->xhv_fill before 5.004_65 */
1865 return HvTOTALKEYS(hv);
1869 Perl_hv_riter_p(pTHX_ HV *hv) {
1870 struct xpvhv_aux *iter;
1872 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_RITER_P;
1875 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad hash");
1877 iter = SvOOK(hv) ? HvAUX(hv) : hv_auxinit(hv);
1878 return &(iter->xhv_riter);
1882 Perl_hv_eiter_p(pTHX_ HV *hv) {
1883 struct xpvhv_aux *iter;
1885 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_EITER_P;
1888 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad hash");
1890 iter = SvOOK(hv) ? HvAUX(hv) : hv_auxinit(hv);
1891 return &(iter->xhv_eiter);
1895 Perl_hv_riter_set(pTHX_ HV *hv, I32 riter) {
1896 struct xpvhv_aux *iter;
1898 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_RITER_SET;
1901 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad hash");
1909 iter = hv_auxinit(hv);
1911 iter->xhv_riter = riter;
1915 Perl_hv_eiter_set(pTHX_ HV *hv, HE *eiter) {
1916 struct xpvhv_aux *iter;
1918 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_EITER_SET;
1921 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad hash");
1926 /* 0 is the default so don't go malloc()ing a new structure just to
1931 iter = hv_auxinit(hv);
1933 iter->xhv_eiter = eiter;
1937 Perl_hv_name_set(pTHX_ HV *hv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
1940 struct xpvhv_aux *iter;
1943 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_NAME_SET;
1944 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
1947 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: hv name too long (%"UVuf")", (UV) len);
1951 if (iter->xhv_name) {
1952 unshare_hek_or_pvn(iter->xhv_name, 0, 0, 0);
1958 iter = hv_auxinit(hv);
1960 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
1961 iter->xhv_name = name ? share_hek(name, len, hash) : NULL;
1965 Perl_hv_backreferences_p(pTHX_ HV *hv) {
1966 struct xpvhv_aux * const iter = SvOOK(hv) ? HvAUX(hv) : hv_auxinit(hv);
1968 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_BACKREFERENCES_P;
1969 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1971 return &(iter->xhv_backreferences);
1975 Perl_hv_kill_backrefs(pTHX_ HV *hv) {
1978 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_KILL_BACKREFS;
1983 av = HvAUX(hv)->xhv_backreferences;
1986 HvAUX(hv)->xhv_backreferences = 0;
1987 Perl_sv_kill_backrefs(aTHX_ (SV*) hv, av);
1992 hv_iternext is implemented as a macro in hv.h
1994 =for apidoc hv_iternext
1996 Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit>.
1998 You may call C<hv_delete> or C<hv_delete_ent> on the hash entry that the
1999 iterator currently points to, without losing your place or invalidating your
2000 iterator. Note that in this case the current entry is deleted from the hash
2001 with your iterator holding the last reference to it. Your iterator is flagged
2002 to free the entry on the next call to C<hv_iternext>, so you must not discard
2003 your iterator immediately else the entry will leak - call C<hv_iternext> to
2004 trigger the resource deallocation.
2006 =for apidoc hv_iternext_flags
2008 Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit> and C<hv_iternext>.
2009 The C<flags> value will normally be zero; if HV_ITERNEXT_WANTPLACEHOLDERS is
2010 set the placeholders keys (for restricted hashes) will be returned in addition
2011 to normal keys. By default placeholders are automatically skipped over.
2012 Currently a placeholder is implemented with a value that is
2013 C<&Perl_sv_placeholder>. Note that the implementation of placeholders and
2014 restricted hashes may change, and the implementation currently is
2015 insufficiently abstracted for any change to be tidy.
2021 Perl_hv_iternext_flags(pTHX_ HV *hv, I32 flags)
2024 register XPVHV* xhv;
2028 struct xpvhv_aux *iter;
2030 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_ITERNEXT_FLAGS;
2033 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad hash");
2035 xhv = (XPVHV*)SvANY(hv);
2038 /* Too many things (well, pp_each at least) merrily assume that you can
2039 call iv_iternext without calling hv_iterinit, so we'll have to deal
2045 oldentry = entry = iter->xhv_eiter; /* HvEITER(hv) */
2046 if (SvMAGICAL(hv) && SvRMAGICAL(hv)) {
2047 if ( ( mg = mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_tied) ) ) {
2048 SV * const key = sv_newmortal();
2050 sv_setsv(key, HeSVKEY_force(entry));
2051 SvREFCNT_dec(HeSVKEY(entry)); /* get rid of previous key */
2057 /* one HE per MAGICAL hash */
2058 iter->xhv_eiter = entry = new_HE(); /* HvEITER(hv) = new_HE() */
2060 Newxz(k, HEK_BASESIZE + sizeof(SV*), char);
2062 HeKEY_hek(entry) = hek;
2063 HeKLEN(entry) = HEf_SVKEY;
2065 magic_nextpack((SV*) hv,mg,key);
2067 /* force key to stay around until next time */
2068 HeSVKEY_set(entry, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(key));
2069 return entry; /* beware, hent_val is not set */
2072 SvREFCNT_dec(HeVAL(entry));
2073 Safefree(HeKEY_hek(entry));
2075 iter->xhv_eiter = NULL; /* HvEITER(hv) = NULL */
2079 #if defined(DYNAMIC_ENV_FETCH) && !defined(__riscos__) /* set up %ENV for iteration */
2080 if (!entry && SvRMAGICAL((SV*)hv) && mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_env)) {
2083 /* The prime_env_iter() on VMS just loaded up new hash values
2084 * so the iteration count needs to be reset back to the beginning
2088 oldentry = entry = iter->xhv_eiter; /* HvEITER(hv) */
2093 /* hv_iterint now ensures this. */
2094 assert (HvARRAY(hv));
2096 /* At start of hash, entry is NULL. */
2099 entry = HeNEXT(entry);
2100 if (!(flags & HV_ITERNEXT_WANTPLACEHOLDERS)) {
2102 * Skip past any placeholders -- don't want to include them in
2105 while (entry && HeVAL(entry) == &PL_sv_placeholder) {
2106 entry = HeNEXT(entry);
2111 /* OK. Come to the end of the current list. Grab the next one. */
2113 iter->xhv_riter++; /* HvRITER(hv)++ */
2114 if (iter->xhv_riter > (I32)xhv->xhv_max /* HvRITER(hv) > HvMAX(hv) */) {
2115 /* There is no next one. End of the hash. */
2116 iter->xhv_riter = -1; /* HvRITER(hv) = -1 */
2119 entry = (HvARRAY(hv))[iter->xhv_riter];
2121 if (!(flags & HV_ITERNEXT_WANTPLACEHOLDERS)) {
2122 /* If we have an entry, but it's a placeholder, don't count it.
2124 while (entry && HeVAL(entry) == &PL_sv_placeholder)
2125 entry = HeNEXT(entry);
2127 /* Will loop again if this linked list starts NULL
2128 (for HV_ITERNEXT_WANTPLACEHOLDERS)
2129 or if we run through it and find only placeholders. */
2132 if (oldentry && HvLAZYDEL(hv)) { /* was deleted earlier? */
2134 hv_free_ent(hv, oldentry);
2137 /*if (HvREHASH(hv) && entry && !HeKREHASH(entry))
2138 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Awooga %p %p\n", (void*)hv, (void*)entry);*/
2140 iter->xhv_eiter = entry; /* HvEITER(hv) = entry */
2145 =for apidoc hv_iterkey
2147 Returns the key from the current position of the hash iterator. See
2154 Perl_hv_iterkey(pTHX_ register HE *entry, I32 *retlen)
2156 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_ITERKEY;
2158 if (HeKLEN(entry) == HEf_SVKEY) {
2160 char * const p = SvPV(HeKEY_sv(entry), len);
2165 *retlen = HeKLEN(entry);
2166 return HeKEY(entry);
2170 /* unlike hv_iterval(), this always returns a mortal copy of the key */
2172 =for apidoc hv_iterkeysv
2174 Returns the key as an C<SV*> from the current position of the hash
2175 iterator. The return value will always be a mortal copy of the key. Also
2182 Perl_hv_iterkeysv(pTHX_ register HE *entry)
2184 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_ITERKEYSV;
2186 return sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HeKEY_hek(entry)));
2190 =for apidoc hv_iterval
2192 Returns the value from the current position of the hash iterator. See
2199 Perl_hv_iterval(pTHX_ HV *hv, register HE *entry)
2201 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_ITERVAL;
2203 if (SvRMAGICAL(hv)) {
2204 if (mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_tied)) {
2205 SV* const sv = sv_newmortal();
2206 if (HeKLEN(entry) == HEf_SVKEY)
2207 mg_copy((SV*)hv, sv, (char*)HeKEY_sv(entry), HEf_SVKEY);
2209 mg_copy((SV*)hv, sv, HeKEY(entry), HeKLEN(entry));
2213 return HeVAL(entry);
2217 =for apidoc hv_iternextsv
2219 Performs an C<hv_iternext>, C<hv_iterkey>, and C<hv_iterval> in one
2226 Perl_hv_iternextsv(pTHX_ HV *hv, char **key, I32 *retlen)
2228 HE * const he = hv_iternext_flags(hv, 0);
2230 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_ITERNEXTSV;
2234 *key = hv_iterkey(he, retlen);
2235 return hv_iterval(hv, he);
2242 =for apidoc hv_magic
2244 Adds magic to a hash. See C<sv_magic>.
2249 /* possibly free a shared string if no one has access to it
2250 * len and hash must both be valid for str.
2253 Perl_unsharepvn(pTHX_ const char *str, I32 len, U32 hash)
2255 unshare_hek_or_pvn (NULL, str, len, hash);
2260 Perl_unshare_hek(pTHX_ HEK *hek)
2263 unshare_hek_or_pvn(hek, NULL, 0, 0);
2266 /* possibly free a shared string if no one has access to it
2267 hek if non-NULL takes priority over the other 3, else str, len and hash
2268 are used. If so, len and hash must both be valid for str.
2271 S_unshare_hek_or_pvn(pTHX_ const HEK *hek, const char *str, I32 len, U32 hash)
2274 register XPVHV* xhv;
2276 register HE **oentry;
2278 bool is_utf8 = FALSE;
2280 const char * const save = str;
2281 struct shared_he *he = NULL;
2284 /* Find the shared he which is just before us in memory. */
2285 he = (struct shared_he *)(((char *)hek)
2286 - STRUCT_OFFSET(struct shared_he,
2289 /* Assert that the caller passed us a genuine (or at least consistent)
2291 assert (he->shared_he_he.hent_hek == hek);
2294 if (he->shared_he_he.he_valu.hent_refcount - 1) {
2295 --he->shared_he_he.he_valu.hent_refcount;
2296 UNLOCK_STRTAB_MUTEX;
2299 UNLOCK_STRTAB_MUTEX;
2301 hash = HEK_HASH(hek);
2302 } else if (len < 0) {
2303 STRLEN tmplen = -len;
2305 /* See the note in hv_fetch(). --jhi */
2306 str = (char*)bytes_from_utf8((U8*)str, &tmplen, &is_utf8);
2309 k_flags = HVhek_UTF8;
2311 k_flags |= HVhek_WASUTF8 | HVhek_FREEKEY;
2314 /* what follows was the moral equivalent of:
2315 if ((Svp = hv_fetch(PL_strtab, tmpsv, FALSE, hash))) {
2317 hv_delete(PL_strtab, str, len, G_DISCARD, hash);
2319 xhv = (XPVHV*)SvANY(PL_strtab);
2320 /* assert(xhv_array != 0) */
2322 first = oentry = &(HvARRAY(PL_strtab))[hash & (I32) HvMAX(PL_strtab)];
2324 const HE *const he_he = &(he->shared_he_he);
2325 for (entry = *oentry; entry; oentry = &HeNEXT(entry), entry = *oentry) {
2330 const int flags_masked = k_flags & HVhek_MASK;
2331 for (entry = *oentry; entry; oentry = &HeNEXT(entry), entry = *oentry) {
2332 if (HeHASH(entry) != hash) /* strings can't be equal */
2334 if (HeKLEN(entry) != len)
2336 if (HeKEY(entry) != str && memNE(HeKEY(entry),str,len)) /* is this it? */
2338 if (HeKFLAGS(entry) != flags_masked)
2345 if (--entry->he_valu.hent_refcount == 0) {
2346 *oentry = HeNEXT(entry);
2348 /* There are now no entries in our slot. */
2349 xhv->xhv_fill--; /* HvFILL(hv)-- */
2352 xhv->xhv_keys--; /* HvTOTALKEYS(hv)-- */
2356 UNLOCK_STRTAB_MUTEX;
2357 if (!entry && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
2358 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2359 "Attempt to free non-existent shared string '%s'%s"
2361 hek ? HEK_KEY(hek) : str,
2362 ((k_flags & HVhek_UTF8) ? " (utf8)" : "") pTHX__VALUE);
2363 if (k_flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
2367 /* get a (constant) string ptr from the global string table
2368 * string will get added if it is not already there.
2369 * len and hash must both be valid for str.
2372 Perl_share_hek(pTHX_ const char *str, I32 len, register U32 hash)
2374 bool is_utf8 = FALSE;
2376 const char * const save = str;
2378 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SHARE_HEK;
2381 STRLEN tmplen = -len;
2383 /* See the note in hv_fetch(). --jhi */
2384 str = (char*)bytes_from_utf8((U8*)str, &tmplen, &is_utf8);
2386 /* If we were able to downgrade here, then than means that we were passed
2387 in a key which only had chars 0-255, but was utf8 encoded. */
2390 /* If we found we were able to downgrade the string to bytes, then
2391 we should flag that it needs upgrading on keys or each. Also flag
2392 that we need share_hek_flags to free the string. */
2394 flags |= HVhek_WASUTF8 | HVhek_FREEKEY;
2397 return share_hek_flags (str, len, hash, flags);
2401 S_share_hek_flags(pTHX_ const char *str, I32 len, register U32 hash, int flags)
2405 const int flags_masked = flags & HVhek_MASK;
2406 const U32 hindex = hash & (I32) HvMAX(PL_strtab);
2407 register XPVHV * const xhv = (XPVHV*)SvANY(PL_strtab);
2409 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SHARE_HEK_FLAGS;
2411 /* what follows is the moral equivalent of:
2413 if (!(Svp = hv_fetch(PL_strtab, str, len, FALSE)))
2414 hv_store(PL_strtab, str, len, NULL, hash);
2416 Can't rehash the shared string table, so not sure if it's worth
2417 counting the number of entries in the linked list
2420 /* assert(xhv_array != 0) */
2422 entry = (HvARRAY(PL_strtab))[hindex];
2423 for (;entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2424 if (HeHASH(entry) != hash) /* strings can't be equal */
2426 if (HeKLEN(entry) != len)
2428 if (HeKEY(entry) != str && memNE(HeKEY(entry),str,len)) /* is this it? */
2430 if (HeKFLAGS(entry) != flags_masked)
2436 /* What used to be head of the list.
2437 If this is NULL, then we're the first entry for this slot, which
2438 means we need to increate fill. */
2439 struct shared_he *new_entry;
2442 HE **const head = &HvARRAY(PL_strtab)[hindex];
2443 HE *const next = *head;
2445 /* We don't actually store a HE from the arena and a regular HEK.
2446 Instead we allocate one chunk of memory big enough for both,
2447 and put the HEK straight after the HE. This way we can find the
2448 HEK directly from the HE.
2451 Newx(k, STRUCT_OFFSET(struct shared_he,
2452 shared_he_hek.hek_key[0]) + len + 2, char);
2453 new_entry = (struct shared_he *)k;
2454 entry = &(new_entry->shared_he_he);
2455 hek = &(new_entry->shared_he_hek);
2457 Copy(str, HEK_KEY(hek), len, char);
2458 HEK_KEY(hek)[len] = 0;
2460 HEK_HASH(hek) = hash;
2461 HEK_FLAGS(hek) = (unsigned char)flags_masked;
2463 /* Still "point" to the HEK, so that other code need not know what
2465 HeKEY_hek(entry) = hek;
2466 entry->he_valu.hent_refcount = 0;
2467 HeNEXT(entry) = next;
2470 xhv->xhv_keys++; /* HvTOTALKEYS(hv)++ */
2471 if (!next) { /* initial entry? */
2472 xhv->xhv_fill++; /* HvFILL(hv)++ */
2473 } else if (xhv->xhv_keys > (IV)xhv->xhv_max /* HvKEYS(hv) > HvMAX(hv) */) {
2478 ++entry->he_valu.hent_refcount;
2479 UNLOCK_STRTAB_MUTEX;
2481 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
2484 return HeKEY_hek(entry);
2488 Perl_hv_placeholders_p(pTHX_ HV *hv)
2491 MAGIC *mg = mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_rhash);
2493 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_PLACEHOLDERS_P;
2496 mg = sv_magicext((SV*)hv, 0, PERL_MAGIC_rhash, 0, 0, 0);
2499 Perl_die(aTHX_ "panic: hv_placeholders_p");
2502 return &(mg->mg_len);
2507 Perl_hv_placeholders_get(pTHX_ HV *hv)
2510 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_rhash);
2512 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_PLACEHOLDERS_GET;
2514 return mg ? mg->mg_len : 0;
2518 Perl_hv_placeholders_set(pTHX_ HV *hv, I32 ph)
2521 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_rhash);
2523 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_PLACEHOLDERS_SET;
2528 if (!sv_magicext((SV*)hv, 0, PERL_MAGIC_rhash, 0, 0, ph))
2529 Perl_die(aTHX_ "panic: hv_placeholders_set");
2531 /* else we don't need to add magic to record 0 placeholders. */
2535 S_refcounted_he_value(pTHX_ const struct refcounted_he *he)
2540 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REFCOUNTED_HE_VALUE;
2542 switch(he->refcounted_he_data[0] & HVrhek_typemask) {
2547 value = &PL_sv_placeholder;
2550 value = newSViv(he->refcounted_he_val.refcounted_he_u_iv);
2553 value = newSVuv(he->refcounted_he_val.refcounted_he_u_uv);
2556 case HVrhek_PV_UTF8:
2557 /* Create a string SV that directly points to the bytes in our
2559 value = newSV_type(SVt_PV);
2560 SvPV_set(value, (char *) he->refcounted_he_data + 1);
2561 SvCUR_set(value, he->refcounted_he_val.refcounted_he_u_len);
2562 /* This stops anything trying to free it */
2563 SvLEN_set(value, 0);
2565 SvREADONLY_on(value);
2566 if ((he->refcounted_he_data[0] & HVrhek_typemask) == HVrhek_PV_UTF8)
2570 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: refcounted_he_value bad flags %x",
2571 he->refcounted_he_data[0]);
2577 =for apidoc refcounted_he_chain_2hv
2579 Generates and returns a C<HV *> by walking up the tree starting at the passed
2580 in C<struct refcounted_he *>.
2585 Perl_refcounted_he_chain_2hv(pTHX_ const struct refcounted_he *chain)
2589 U32 placeholders = 0;
2590 /* We could chase the chain once to get an idea of the number of keys,
2591 and call ksplit. But for now we'll make a potentially inefficient
2592 hash with only 8 entries in its array. */
2593 const U32 max = HvMAX(hv);
2597 Newxz(array, PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(max + 1), char);
2598 HvARRAY(hv) = (HE**)array;
2603 U32 hash = chain->refcounted_he_hash;
2605 U32 hash = HEK_HASH(chain->refcounted_he_hek);
2607 HE **oentry = &((HvARRAY(hv))[hash & max]);
2608 HE *entry = *oentry;
2611 for (; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2612 if (HeHASH(entry) == hash) {
2613 /* We might have a duplicate key here. If so, entry is older
2614 than the key we've already put in the hash, so if they are
2615 the same, skip adding entry. */
2617 const STRLEN klen = HeKLEN(entry);
2618 const char *const key = HeKEY(entry);
2619 if (klen == chain->refcounted_he_keylen
2620 && (!!HeKUTF8(entry)
2621 == !!(chain->refcounted_he_data[0] & HVhek_UTF8))
2622 && memEQ(key, REF_HE_KEY(chain), klen))
2625 if (HeKEY_hek(entry) == chain->refcounted_he_hek)
2627 if (HeKLEN(entry) == HEK_LEN(chain->refcounted_he_hek)
2628 && HeKUTF8(entry) == HEK_UTF8(chain->refcounted_he_hek)
2629 && memEQ(HeKEY(entry), HEK_KEY(chain->refcounted_he_hek),
2640 = share_hek_flags(REF_HE_KEY(chain),
2641 chain->refcounted_he_keylen,
2642 chain->refcounted_he_hash,
2643 (chain->refcounted_he_data[0]
2644 & (HVhek_UTF8|HVhek_WASUTF8)));
2646 HeKEY_hek(entry) = share_hek_hek(chain->refcounted_he_hek);
2648 value = refcounted_he_value(chain);
2649 if (value == &PL_sv_placeholder)
2651 HeVAL(entry) = value;
2653 /* Link it into the chain. */
2654 HeNEXT(entry) = *oentry;
2655 if (!HeNEXT(entry)) {
2656 /* initial entry. */
2664 chain = chain->refcounted_he_next;
2668 clear_placeholders(hv, placeholders);
2669 HvTOTALKEYS(hv) -= placeholders;
2672 /* We could check in the loop to see if we encounter any keys with key
2673 flags, but it's probably not worth it, as this per-hash flag is only
2674 really meant as an optimisation for things like Storable. */
2676 DEBUG_A(Perl_hv_assert(aTHX_ hv));
2682 Perl_refcounted_he_fetch(pTHX_ const struct refcounted_he *chain, SV *keysv,
2683 const char *key, STRLEN klen, int flags, U32 hash)
2686 /* Just to be awkward, if you're using this interface the UTF-8-or-not-ness
2687 of your key has to exactly match that which is stored. */
2688 SV *value = &PL_sv_placeholder;
2692 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
2694 key = SvPV_const(keysv, klen);
2696 is_utf8 = (SvUTF8(keysv) != 0);
2698 is_utf8 = ((flags & HVhek_UTF8) ? TRUE : FALSE);
2702 if (keysv && (SvIsCOW_shared_hash(keysv))) {
2703 hash = SvSHARED_HASH(keysv);
2705 PERL_HASH(hash, key, klen);
2709 for (; chain; chain = chain->refcounted_he_next) {
2711 if (hash != chain->refcounted_he_hash)
2713 if (klen != chain->refcounted_he_keylen)
2715 if (memNE(REF_HE_KEY(chain),key,klen))
2717 if (!!is_utf8 != !!(chain->refcounted_he_data[0] & HVhek_UTF8))
2720 if (hash != HEK_HASH(chain->refcounted_he_hek))
2722 if (klen != (STRLEN)HEK_LEN(chain->refcounted_he_hek))
2724 if (memNE(HEK_KEY(chain->refcounted_he_hek),key,klen))
2726 if (!!is_utf8 != !!HEK_UTF8(chain->refcounted_he_hek))
2730 value = sv_2mortal(refcounted_he_value(chain));
2734 if (flags & HVhek_FREEKEY)
2741 =for apidoc refcounted_he_new
2743 Creates a new C<struct refcounted_he>. As S<key> is copied, and value is
2744 stored in a compact form, all references remain the property of the caller.
2745 The C<struct refcounted_he> is returned with a reference count of 1.
2750 struct refcounted_he *
2751 Perl_refcounted_he_new(pTHX_ struct refcounted_he *const parent,
2752 SV *const key, SV *const value) {
2755 const char *key_p = SvPV_const(key, key_len);
2756 STRLEN value_len = 0;
2757 const char *value_p = NULL;
2760 bool is_utf8 = SvUTF8(key) ? TRUE : FALSE;
2763 value_type = HVrhek_PV;
2764 } else if (SvIOK(value)) {
2765 value_type = SvUOK((SV*)value) ? HVrhek_UV : HVrhek_IV;
2766 } else if (value == &PL_sv_placeholder) {
2767 value_type = HVrhek_delete;
2768 } else if (!SvOK(value)) {
2769 value_type = HVrhek_undef;
2771 value_type = HVrhek_PV;
2774 if (value_type == HVrhek_PV) {
2775 /* Do it this way so that the SvUTF8() test is after the SvPV, in case
2776 the value is overloaded, and doesn't yet have the UTF-8flag set. */
2777 value_p = SvPV_const(value, value_len);
2779 value_type = HVrhek_PV_UTF8;
2784 /* Hash keys are always stored normalised to (yes) ISO-8859-1.
2785 As we're going to be building hash keys from this value in future,
2786 normalise it now. */
2787 key_p = (char*)bytes_from_utf8((const U8*)key_p, &key_len, &is_utf8);
2788 flags |= is_utf8 ? HVhek_UTF8 : HVhek_WASUTF8;
2791 return refcounted_he_new_common(parent, key_p, key_len, flags, value_type,
2792 ((value_type == HVrhek_PV
2793 || value_type == HVrhek_PV_UTF8) ?
2794 (void *)value_p : (void *)value),
2798 struct refcounted_he *
2799 S_refcounted_he_new_common(pTHX_ struct refcounted_he *const parent,
2800 const char *const key_p, const STRLEN key_len,
2801 const char flags, char value_type,
2802 const void *value, const STRLEN value_len) {
2804 struct refcounted_he *he;
2806 const bool is_pv = value_type == HVrhek_PV || value_type == HVrhek_PV_UTF8;
2807 STRLEN key_offset = is_pv ? value_len + 2 : 1;
2809 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REFCOUNTED_HE_NEW_COMMON;
2812 he = (struct refcounted_he*)
2813 PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(struct refcounted_he) - 1
2817 he = (struct refcounted_he*)
2818 PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(struct refcounted_he) - 1
2822 he->refcounted_he_next = parent;
2825 Copy((char *)value, he->refcounted_he_data + 1, value_len + 1, char);
2826 he->refcounted_he_val.refcounted_he_u_len = value_len;
2827 } else if (value_type == HVrhek_IV) {
2828 he->refcounted_he_val.refcounted_he_u_iv = SvIVX((SV *)value);
2829 } else if (value_type == HVrhek_UV) {
2830 he->refcounted_he_val.refcounted_he_u_uv = SvUVX((SV *)value);
2833 PERL_HASH(hash, key_p, key_len);
2836 he->refcounted_he_hash = hash;
2837 he->refcounted_he_keylen = key_len;
2838 Copy(key_p, he->refcounted_he_data + key_offset, key_len, char);
2840 he->refcounted_he_hek = share_hek_flags(key_p, key_len, hash, flags);
2843 if (flags & HVhek_WASUTF8) {
2844 /* If it was downgraded from UTF-8, then the pointer returned from
2845 bytes_from_utf8 is an allocated pointer that we must free. */
2849 he->refcounted_he_data[0] = flags;
2850 he->refcounted_he_refcnt = 1;
2856 =for apidoc refcounted_he_free
2858 Decrements the reference count of the passed in C<struct refcounted_he *>
2859 by one. If the reference count reaches zero the structure's memory is freed,
2860 and C<refcounted_he_free> iterates onto the parent node.
2866 Perl_refcounted_he_free(pTHX_ struct refcounted_he *he) {
2868 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2871 struct refcounted_he *copy;
2875 new_count = --he->refcounted_he_refcnt;
2876 HINTS_REFCNT_UNLOCK;
2882 #ifndef USE_ITHREADS
2883 unshare_hek_or_pvn (he->refcounted_he_hek, 0, 0, 0);
2886 he = he->refcounted_he_next;
2887 PerlMemShared_free(copy);
2892 Perl_fetch_cop_label(pTHX_ struct refcounted_he *const chain, STRLEN *len,
2897 if (chain->refcounted_he_keylen != 1)
2899 if (*REF_HE_KEY(chain) != ':')
2902 if ((STRLEN)HEK_LEN(chain->refcounted_he_hek) != 1)
2904 if (*HEK_KEY(chain->refcounted_he_hek) != ':')
2907 /* Stop anyone trying to really mess us up by adding their own value for
2909 if ((chain->refcounted_he_data[0] & HVrhek_typemask) != HVrhek_PV
2910 && (chain->refcounted_he_data[0] & HVrhek_typemask) != HVrhek_PV_UTF8)
2914 *len = chain->refcounted_he_val.refcounted_he_u_len;
2916 *flags = ((chain->refcounted_he_data[0] & HVrhek_typemask)
2917 == HVrhek_PV_UTF8) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
2919 return chain->refcounted_he_data + 1;
2922 /* As newSTATEOP currently gets passed plain char* labels, we will only provide
2923 that interface. Once it works out how to pass in length and UTF-8 ness, this
2924 function will need superseding. */
2925 struct refcounted_he *
2926 Perl_store_cop_label(pTHX_ struct refcounted_he *const chain, const char *label)
2928 return refcounted_he_new_common(chain, ":", 1, HVrhek_PV, HVrhek_PV,
2929 label, strlen(label));
2933 =for apidoc hv_assert
2935 Check that a hash is in an internally consistent state.
2943 Perl_hv_assert(pTHX_ HV *hv)
2948 int placeholders = 0;
2951 const I32 riter = HvRITER_get(hv);
2952 HE *eiter = HvEITER_get(hv);
2954 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_HV_ASSERT;
2956 (void)hv_iterinit(hv);
2958 while ((entry = hv_iternext_flags(hv, HV_ITERNEXT_WANTPLACEHOLDERS))) {
2959 /* sanity check the values */
2960 if (HeVAL(entry) == &PL_sv_placeholder)
2964 /* sanity check the keys */
2965 if (HeSVKEY(entry)) {
2966 NOOP; /* Don't know what to check on SV keys. */
2967 } else if (HeKUTF8(entry)) {
2969 if (HeKWASUTF8(entry)) {
2970 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2971 "hash key has both WASUTF8 and UTF8: '%.*s'\n",
2972 (int) HeKLEN(entry), HeKEY(entry));
2975 } else if (HeKWASUTF8(entry))
2978 if (!SvTIED_mg((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_tied)) {
2979 static const char bad_count[] = "Count %d %s(s), but hash reports %d\n";
2980 const int nhashkeys = HvUSEDKEYS(hv);
2981 const int nhashplaceholders = HvPLACEHOLDERS_get(hv);
2983 if (nhashkeys != real) {
2984 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, bad_count, real, "keys", nhashkeys );
2987 if (nhashplaceholders != placeholders) {
2988 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, bad_count, placeholders, "placeholder", nhashplaceholders );
2992 if (withflags && ! HvHASKFLAGS(hv)) {
2993 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2994 "Hash has HASKFLAGS off but I count %d key(s) with flags\n",
3001 HvRITER_set(hv, riter); /* Restore hash iterator state */
3002 HvEITER_set(hv, eiter);
3009 * c-indentation-style: bsd
3011 * indent-tabs-mode: t
3014 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: