3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 #if !defined(__STDC__)
23 # define Null(type) ((type)NULL)
28 =for apidoc AmU||Nullch
29 Null character pointer. (No longer available when C<PERL_CORE> is defined.)
31 =for apidoc AmU||Nullsv
32 Null SV pointer. (No longer available when C<PERL_CORE> is defined.)
37 # define Nullch Null(char*)
38 # define Nullfp Null(PerlIO*)
39 # define Nullsv Null(SV*)
51 /* The MUTABLE_*() macros cast pointers to the types shown, in such a way
52 * (compiler permitting) that casting away const-ness will give a warning;
56 * AV *av1 = (AV*)sv; <== BAD: the const has been silently cast away
57 * AV *av2 = MUTABLE_AV(sv); <== GOOD: it may warn
60 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(PERL_GCC_BRACE_GROUPS_FORBIDDEN)
61 # define MUTABLE_PTR(p) ({ void *_p = (p); _p; })
63 # define MUTABLE_PTR(p) ((void *) (p))
66 #define MUTABLE_AV(p) ((AV *)MUTABLE_PTR(p))
67 #define MUTABLE_CV(p) ((CV *)MUTABLE_PTR(p))
68 #define MUTABLE_GV(p) ((GV *)MUTABLE_PTR(p))
69 #define MUTABLE_HV(p) ((HV *)MUTABLE_PTR(p))
70 #define MUTABLE_IO(p) ((IO *)MUTABLE_PTR(p))
71 #define MUTABLE_SV(p) ((SV *)MUTABLE_PTR(p))
73 /* XXX Configure ought to have a test for a boolean type, if I can
74 just figure out all the headers such a test needs.
75 Andy Dougherty August 1996
77 /* bool is built-in for g++-2.6.3 and later, which might be used
78 for extensions. <_G_config.h> defines _G_HAVE_BOOL, but we can't
79 be sure _G_config.h will be included before this file. _G_config.h
80 also defines _G_HAVE_BOOL for both gcc and g++, but only g++
81 actually has bool. Hence, _G_HAVE_BOOL is pretty useless for us.
82 g++ can be identified by __GNUG__.
83 Andy Dougherty February 2000
85 #ifdef __GNUG__ /* GNU g++ has bool built-in */
91 /* The NeXT dynamic loader headers will not build with the bool macro
92 So declare them now to clear confusion.
94 #if defined(NeXT) || defined(__NeXT__)
97 typedef enum bool { FALSE = 0, TRUE = 1 } bool;
101 # endif /* !HAS_BOOL */
102 #endif /* NeXT || __NeXT__ */
105 # if defined(UTS) || defined(VMS)
113 /* a simple (bool) cast may not do the right thing: if bool is defined
114 * as char for example, then the cast from int is implementation-defined
117 #define cBOOL(cbool) ((bool)!!(cbool))
119 /* Try to figure out __func__ or __FUNCTION__ equivalent, if any.
120 * XXX Should really be a Configure probe, with HAS__FUNCTION__
121 * and FUNCTION__ as results.
122 * XXX Similarly, a Configure probe for __FILE__ and __LINE__ is needed. */
123 #if (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) || (defined(__SUNPRO_C)) /* C99 or close enough. */
124 # define FUNCTION__ __func__
126 # if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300) || /* Pre-MSVC 7.0 has neither __func__ nor __FUNCTION and no good workarounds, either. */ \
127 (defined(__DECC_VER)) /* Tru64 or VMS, and strict C89 being used, but not modern enough cc (in Tur64, -c99 not known, only -std1). */
128 # define FUNCTION__ ""
130 # define FUNCTION__ __FUNCTION__ /* Common extension. */
134 /* XXX A note on the perl source internal type system. The
135 original intent was that I32 be *exactly* 32 bits.
137 Currently, we only guarantee that I32 is *at least* 32 bits.
138 Specifically, if int is 64 bits, then so is I32. (This is the case
139 for the Cray.) This has the advantage of meshing nicely with
140 standard library calls (where we pass an I32 and the library is
141 expecting an int), but the disadvantage that an I32 is not 32 bits.
142 Andy Dougherty August 1996
144 There is no guarantee that there is *any* integral type with
145 exactly 32 bits. It is perfectly legal for a system to have
146 sizeof(short) == sizeof(int) == sizeof(long) == 8.
148 Similarly, there is no guarantee that I16 and U16 have exactly 16
151 For dealing with issues that may arise from various 32/64-bit
152 systems, we will ask Configure to check out
154 SHORTSIZE == sizeof(short)
155 INTSIZE == sizeof(int)
156 LONGSIZE == sizeof(long)
157 LONGLONGSIZE == sizeof(long long) (if HAS_LONG_LONG)
158 PTRSIZE == sizeof(void *)
159 DOUBLESIZE == sizeof(double)
160 LONG_DOUBLESIZE == sizeof(long double) (if HAS_LONG_DOUBLE).
164 #ifdef I_INTTYPES /* e.g. Linux has int64_t without <inttypes.h> */
165 # include <inttypes.h>
166 # ifdef INT32_MIN_BROKEN
168 # define INT32_MIN (-2147483647-1)
170 # ifdef INT64_MIN_BROKEN
172 # define INT64_MIN (-9223372036854775807LL-1)
187 #endif /* PERL_CORE */
189 #if defined(HAS_QUAD) && defined(USE_64_BIT_INT)
190 # ifndef UINT64_C /* usually from <inttypes.h> */
191 # if defined(HAS_LONG_LONG) && QUADKIND == QUAD_IS_LONG_LONG
192 # define INT64_C(c) CAT2(c,LL)
193 # define UINT64_C(c) CAT2(c,ULL)
195 # if LONGSIZE == 8 && QUADKIND == QUAD_IS_LONG
196 # define INT64_C(c) CAT2(c,L)
197 # define UINT64_C(c) CAT2(c,UL)
199 # if defined(_WIN64) && defined(_MSC_VER)
200 # define INT64_C(c) CAT2(c,I64)
201 # define UINT64_C(c) CAT2(c,UI64)
203 # define INT64_C(c) ((I64TYPE)(c))
204 # define UINT64_C(c) ((U64TYPE)(c))
211 /* HMB H.Merijn Brand - a placeholder for preparing Configure patches:
213 * USE_DTRACE HAS_PSEUDOFORK HAS_TIMEGM LOCALTIME_R_NEEDS_TZSET
214 * GMTIME_MAX GMTIME_MIN LOCALTIME_MAX LOCALTIME_MIN
215 * HAS_CTIME64 HAS_LOCALTIME64 HAS_GMTIME64 HAS_DIFFTIME64
216 * HAS_MKTIME64 HAS_ASCTIME64 HAS_GETADDRINFO HAS_GETNAMEINFO
217 * HAS_INETNTOP HAS_INETPTON CHARBITS HAS_PRCTL
218 * Not (yet) used at top level, but mention them for metaconfig
221 /* Mention I8SIZE, U8SIZE, I16SIZE, U16SIZE, I32SIZE, U32SIZE,
222 I64SIZE, and U64SIZE here so that metaconfig pulls them in. */
224 #if defined(UINT8_MAX) && defined(INT16_MAX) && defined(INT32_MAX)
226 /* I8_MAX and I8_MIN constants are not defined, as I8 is an ambiguous type.
227 Please search CHAR_MAX in perl.h for further details. */
228 #define U8_MAX UINT8_MAX
229 #define U8_MIN UINT8_MIN
231 #define I16_MAX INT16_MAX
232 #define I16_MIN INT16_MIN
233 #define U16_MAX UINT16_MAX
234 #define U16_MIN UINT16_MIN
236 #define I32_MAX INT32_MAX
237 #define I32_MIN INT32_MIN
238 #ifndef UINT32_MAX_BROKEN /* e.g. HP-UX with gcc messes this up */
239 # define U32_MAX UINT32_MAX
241 # define U32_MAX 4294967295U
243 #define U32_MIN UINT32_MIN
247 /* I8_MAX and I8_MIN constants are not defined, as I8 is an ambiguous type.
248 Please search CHAR_MAX in perl.h for further details. */
249 #define U8_MAX PERL_UCHAR_MAX
250 #define U8_MIN PERL_UCHAR_MIN
252 #define I16_MAX PERL_SHORT_MAX
253 #define I16_MIN PERL_SHORT_MIN
254 #define U16_MAX PERL_USHORT_MAX
255 #define U16_MIN PERL_USHORT_MIN
258 # define I32_MAX PERL_INT_MAX
259 # define I32_MIN PERL_INT_MIN
260 # define U32_MAX PERL_UINT_MAX
261 # define U32_MIN PERL_UINT_MIN
263 # define I32_MAX PERL_LONG_MAX
264 # define I32_MIN PERL_LONG_MIN
265 # define U32_MAX PERL_ULONG_MAX
266 # define U32_MIN PERL_ULONG_MIN
271 /* log(2) is pretty close to 0.30103, just in case anyone is grepping for it */
272 #define BIT_DIGITS(N) (((N)*146)/485 + 1) /* log2(10) =~ 146/485 */
273 #define TYPE_DIGITS(T) BIT_DIGITS(sizeof(T) * 8)
274 #define TYPE_CHARS(T) (TYPE_DIGITS(T) + 2) /* sign, NUL */
276 #define Ctl(ch) ((ch) & 037)
279 =head1 SV-Body Allocation
281 =for apidoc Ama|SV*|newSVpvs|const char* s
282 Like C<newSVpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
284 =for apidoc Ama|SV*|newSVpvs_flags|const char* s|U32 flags
285 Like C<newSVpvn_flags>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length
288 =for apidoc Ama|SV*|newSVpvs_share|const char* s
289 Like C<newSVpvn_share>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length
290 pair and omits the hash parameter.
292 =for apidoc Am|void|sv_catpvs|SV* sv|const char* s
293 Like C<sv_catpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
295 =for apidoc Am|void|sv_setpvs|SV* sv|const char* s
296 Like C<sv_setpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
298 =head1 Memory Management
300 =for apidoc Ama|char*|savepvs|const char* s
301 Like C<savepvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
305 =for apidoc Am|HV*|gv_stashpvs|const char* name|I32 create
306 Like C<gv_stashpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
308 =head1 Hash Manipulation Functions
310 =for apidoc Am|SV**|hv_fetchs|HV* tb|const char* key|I32 lval
311 Like C<hv_fetch>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
313 =for apidoc Am|SV**|hv_stores|HV* tb|const char* key|NULLOK SV* val
314 Like C<hv_store>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair
315 and omits the hash parameter.
320 /* concatenating with "" ensures that only literal strings are accepted as argument */
321 #define STR_WITH_LEN(s) ("" s ""), (sizeof(s)-1)
323 /* note that STR_WITH_LEN() can't be used as argument to macros or functions that
324 * under some configurations might be macros, which means that it requires the full
325 * Perl_xxx(aTHX_ ...) form for any API calls where it's used.
328 /* STR_WITH_LEN() shortcuts */
329 #define newSVpvs(str) Perl_newSVpvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str))
330 #define newSVpvs_flags(str,flags) \
331 Perl_newSVpvn_flags(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str), flags)
332 #define newSVpvs_share(str) Perl_newSVpvn_share(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str), 0)
333 #define sv_catpvs(sv, str) Perl_sv_catpvn_flags(aTHX_ sv, STR_WITH_LEN(str), SV_GMAGIC)
334 #define sv_setpvs(sv, str) Perl_sv_setpvn(aTHX_ sv, STR_WITH_LEN(str))
335 #define savepvs(str) Perl_savepvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str))
336 #define gv_stashpvs(str, create) Perl_gv_stashpvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str), create)
337 #define gv_fetchpvs(namebeg, add, sv_type) Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(namebeg), add, sv_type)
338 #define hv_fetchs(hv,key,lval) \
339 ((SV **)Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ (hv), NULL, STR_WITH_LEN(key), 0, \
340 (lval) ? (HV_FETCH_JUST_SV | HV_FETCH_LVALUE) \
341 : HV_FETCH_JUST_SV, NULL, 0))
343 #define hv_stores(hv,key,val) \
344 ((SV **)Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ (hv), NULL, STR_WITH_LEN(key), 0, \
345 (HV_FETCH_ISSTORE|HV_FETCH_JUST_SV), (val), 0))
347 #define get_cvs(str, flags) \
348 Perl_get_cvn_flags(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str), (flags))
351 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
353 =for apidoc Am|bool|strNE|char* s1|char* s2
354 Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
357 =for apidoc Am|bool|strEQ|char* s1|char* s2
358 Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
360 =for apidoc Am|bool|strLT|char* s1|char* s2
361 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
362 C<s2>. Returns true or false.
364 =for apidoc Am|bool|strLE|char* s1|char* s2
365 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
366 second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
368 =for apidoc Am|bool|strGT|char* s1|char* s2
369 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
370 C<s2>. Returns true or false.
372 =for apidoc Am|bool|strGE|char* s1|char* s2
373 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
374 the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
376 =for apidoc Am|bool|strnNE|char* s1|char* s2|STRLEN len
377 Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
378 indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
379 wrapper for C<strncmp>).
381 =for apidoc Am|bool|strnEQ|char* s1|char* s2|STRLEN len
382 Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
383 the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
389 #define strNE(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2))
390 #define strEQ(s1,s2) (!strcmp(s1,s2))
391 #define strLT(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) < 0)
392 #define strLE(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) <= 0)
393 #define strGT(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) > 0)
394 #define strGE(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) >= 0)
395 #define strnNE(s1,s2,l) (strncmp(s1,s2,l))
396 #define strnEQ(s1,s2,l) (!strncmp(s1,s2,l))
399 # define memNE(s1,s2,l) (memcmp(s1,s2,l))
400 # define memEQ(s1,s2,l) (!memcmp(s1,s2,l))
402 # define memNE(s1,s2,l) (bcmp(s1,s2,l))
403 # define memEQ(s1,s2,l) (!bcmp(s1,s2,l))
406 #define memEQs(s1, l, s2) \
407 (sizeof(s2)-1 == l && memEQ(s1, ("" s2 ""), (sizeof(s2)-1)))
408 #define memNEs(s1, l, s2) !memEQs(s1, l, s2)
413 * Unfortunately, the introduction of locales means that we
414 * can't trust isupper(), etc. to tell the truth. And when
415 * it comes to /\w+/ with tainting enabled, we *must* be able
416 * to trust our character classes.
418 * Therefore, the default tests in the text of Perl will be
419 * independent of locale. Any code that wants to depend on
420 * the current locale will use the tests that begin with "lc".
423 #ifdef HAS_SETLOCALE /* XXX Is there a better test for this? */
431 =head1 Character classes
433 =for apidoc Am|bool|isALNUM|char ch
434 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a US-ASCII (Basic Latin)
435 alphanumeric character (including underscore) or digit.
437 =for apidoc Am|bool|isALPHA|char ch
438 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a US-ASCII (Basic Latin)
439 alphabetic character.
441 =for apidoc Am|bool|isSPACE|char ch
442 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a US-ASCII (Basic Latin)
445 =for apidoc Am|bool|isDIGIT|char ch
446 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a US-ASCII (Basic Latin)
449 =for apidoc Am|bool|isUPPER|char ch
450 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a US-ASCII (Basic Latin)
453 =for apidoc Am|bool|isLOWER|char ch
454 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a US-ASCII (Basic Latin)
457 =for apidoc Am|char|toUPPER|char ch
458 Converts the specified character to uppercase. Characters outside the
459 US-ASCII (Basic Latin) range are viewed as not having any case.
461 =for apidoc Am|char|toLOWER|char ch
462 Converts the specified character to lowercase. Characters outside the
463 US-ASCII (Basic Latin) range are viewed as not having any case.
467 NOTE: Since some of these are macros, there is no check in those that the
468 parameter is a char or U8. This means that if called with a larger width
469 parameter, casts can silently truncate and yield wrong results.
473 #define isALNUM(c) (isALPHA(c) || isDIGIT(c) || (c) == '_')
474 #define isIDFIRST(c) (isALPHA(c) || (c) == '_')
475 #define isALPHA(c) (isUPPER(c) || isLOWER(c))
476 /* ALPHAU includes Unicode semantics for latin1 characters. It has an extra
477 * >= AA test to speed up ASCII-only tests at the expense of the others */
478 #define isALPHAU(c) (isALPHA(c) || (NATIVE_TO_UNI((U8) c) >= 0xAA \
479 && ((NATIVE_TO_UNI((U8) c) >= 0xC0 \
480 && NATIVE_TO_UNI((U8) c) != 0xD7 && NATIVE_TO_UNI((U8) c) != 0xF7) \
481 || NATIVE_TO_UNI((U8) c) == 0xAA \
482 || NATIVE_TO_UNI((U8) c) == 0xB5 \
483 || NATIVE_TO_UNI((U8) c) == 0xBA)))
484 #define isALNUMU(c) (isDIGIT(c) || isALPHAU(c) || (c) == '_')
486 /* continuation character for legal NAME in \N{NAME} */
487 #define isCHARNAME_CONT(c) (isALNUMU(c) || (c) == ' ' || (c) == '-' || (c) == '(' || (c) == ')' || (c) == ':' || NATIVE_TO_UNI((U8) c) == 0xA0)
489 ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t' || (c) == '\n' || (c) =='\r' || (c) == '\f')
490 #define isPSXSPC(c) (isSPACE(c) || (c) == '\v')
491 #define isBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
492 #define isDIGIT(c) ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '9')
494 /* In EBCDIC we do not do locales: therefore() isupper() is fine. */
495 # define isUPPER(c) isupper(c)
496 # define isLOWER(c) islower(c)
497 # define isALNUMC(c) isalnum(c)
498 # define isASCII(c) isascii(c)
499 # define isCNTRL(c) iscntrl(c)
500 # define isGRAPH(c) isgraph(c)
501 # define isPRINT(c) isprint(c)
502 # define isPUNCT(c) ispunct(c)
503 # define isXDIGIT(c) isxdigit(c)
504 # define toUPPER(c) toupper(c)
505 # define toUPPER_LATIN1_MOD(c) UNI_TO_NATIVE(PL_mod_latin1_uc[(U8) NATIVE_TO_UNI(c)])
506 # define toLOWER(c) tolower(c)
507 # define toLOWER_LATIN1(c) UNI_TO_NATIVE(PL_latin1_lc[(U8) NATIVE_TO_UNI(c)])
509 # define isUPPER(c) ((c) >= 'A' && (c) <= 'Z')
510 # define isLOWER(c) ((c) >= 'a' && (c) <= 'z')
511 # define isALNUMC(c) (isALPHA(c) || isDIGIT(c))
512 # define isASCII(c) ((U8) (c) <= 127)
513 # define isCNTRL(c) ((U8) (c) < ' ' || (c) == 127)
514 # define isGRAPH(c) (isALNUM(c) || isPUNCT(c))
515 # define isPRINT(c) (((c) >= 32 && (c) < 127))
516 # define isPUNCT(c) (((c) >= 33 && (c) <= 47) || ((c) >= 58 && (c) <= 64) || ((c) >= 91 && (c) <= 96) || ((c) >= 123 && (c) <= 126))
517 # define isXDIGIT(c) (isDIGIT(c) || ((c) >= 'a' && (c) <= 'f') || ((c) >= 'A' && (c) <= 'F'))
519 /* Use table lookup for speed */
520 # define toLOWER_LATIN1(c) (PL_latin1_lc[(U8) c])
522 /* Modified uc. Is correct uc except for three non-ascii chars which are
523 * all mapped to one of them, and these need special handling */
524 # define toUPPER_LATIN1_MOD(c) (PL_mod_latin1_uc[(U8) c])
527 # define toUPPER(c) (isLOWER(c) ? (c) - ('a' - 'A') : (c))
528 # define toLOWER(c) (isUPPER(c) ? (c) + ('a' - 'A') : (c))
531 #ifdef USE_NEXT_CTYPE
533 # define isALNUM_LC(c) \
534 (NXIsAlNum((unsigned int)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
535 # define isIDFIRST_LC(c) \
536 (NXIsAlpha((unsigned int)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
537 # define isALPHA_LC(c) NXIsAlpha((unsigned int)(c))
538 # define isSPACE_LC(c) NXIsSpace((unsigned int)(c))
539 # define isDIGIT_LC(c) NXIsDigit((unsigned int)(c))
540 # define isUPPER_LC(c) NXIsUpper((unsigned int)(c))
541 # define isLOWER_LC(c) NXIsLower((unsigned int)(c))
542 # define isALNUMC_LC(c) NXIsAlNum((unsigned int)(c))
543 # define isCNTRL_LC(c) NXIsCntrl((unsigned int)(c))
544 # define isGRAPH_LC(c) NXIsGraph((unsigned int)(c))
545 # define isPRINT_LC(c) NXIsPrint((unsigned int)(c))
546 # define isPUNCT_LC(c) NXIsPunct((unsigned int)(c))
547 # define toUPPER_LC(c) NXToUpper((unsigned int)(c))
548 # define toLOWER_LC(c) NXToLower((unsigned int)(c))
550 #else /* !USE_NEXT_CTYPE */
552 # if defined(CTYPE256) || (!defined(isascii) && !defined(HAS_ISASCII))
554 # define isALNUM_LC(c) (isalnum((unsigned char)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
555 # define isIDFIRST_LC(c) (isalpha((unsigned char)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
556 # define isALPHA_LC(c) isalpha((unsigned char)(c))
557 # define isSPACE_LC(c) isspace((unsigned char)(c))
558 # define isDIGIT_LC(c) isdigit((unsigned char)(c))
559 # define isUPPER_LC(c) isupper((unsigned char)(c))
560 # define isLOWER_LC(c) islower((unsigned char)(c))
561 # define isALNUMC_LC(c) isalnum((unsigned char)(c))
562 # define isCNTRL_LC(c) iscntrl((unsigned char)(c))
563 # define isGRAPH_LC(c) isgraph((unsigned char)(c))
564 # define isPRINT_LC(c) isprint((unsigned char)(c))
565 # define isPUNCT_LC(c) ispunct((unsigned char)(c))
566 # define toUPPER_LC(c) toupper((unsigned char)(c))
567 # define toLOWER_LC(c) tolower((unsigned char)(c))
571 # define isALNUM_LC(c) (isascii(c) && (isalnum(c) || (c) == '_'))
572 # define isIDFIRST_LC(c) (isascii(c) && (isalpha(c) || (c) == '_'))
573 # define isALPHA_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isalpha(c))
574 # define isSPACE_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isspace(c))
575 # define isDIGIT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isdigit(c))
576 # define isUPPER_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isupper(c))
577 # define isLOWER_LC(c) (isascii(c) && islower(c))
578 # define isALNUMC_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isalnum(c))
579 # define isCNTRL_LC(c) (isascii(c) && iscntrl(c))
580 # define isGRAPH_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isgraph(c))
581 # define isPRINT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isprint(c))
582 # define isPUNCT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && ispunct(c))
583 # define toUPPER_LC(c) toupper(c)
584 # define toLOWER_LC(c) tolower(c)
587 #endif /* USE_NEXT_CTYPE */
589 #define isPSXSPC_LC(c) (isSPACE_LC(c) || (c) == '\v')
590 #define isBLANK_LC(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
592 #define isALNUM_uni(c) is_uni_alnum(c)
593 #define isIDFIRST_uni(c) is_uni_idfirst(c)
594 #define isALPHA_uni(c) is_uni_alpha(c)
595 #define isSPACE_uni(c) is_uni_space(c)
596 #define isDIGIT_uni(c) is_uni_digit(c)
597 #define isUPPER_uni(c) is_uni_upper(c)
598 #define isLOWER_uni(c) is_uni_lower(c)
599 #define isASCII_uni(c) is_uni_ascii(c)
600 #define isCNTRL_uni(c) is_uni_cntrl(c)
601 #define isGRAPH_uni(c) is_uni_graph(c)
602 #define isPRINT_uni(c) is_uni_print(c)
603 #define isPUNCT_uni(c) is_uni_punct(c)
604 #define isXDIGIT_uni(c) is_uni_xdigit(c)
605 #define toUPPER_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_upper(c,s,l)
606 #define toTITLE_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_title(c,s,l)
607 #define toLOWER_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_lower(c,s,l)
608 #define toFOLD_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_fold(c,s,l)
610 #define isPSXSPC_uni(c) (isSPACE_uni(c) ||(c) == '\f')
611 #define isBLANK_uni(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
613 #define isALNUM_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isALNUM_LC(c) : is_uni_alnum_lc(c))
614 #define isIDFIRST_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isIDFIRST_LC(c) : is_uni_idfirst_lc(c))
615 #define isALPHA_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isALPHA_LC(c) : is_uni_alpha_lc(c))
616 #define isSPACE_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isSPACE_LC(c) : is_uni_space_lc(c))
617 #define isDIGIT_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isDIGIT_LC(c) : is_uni_digit_lc(c))
618 #define isUPPER_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isUPPER_LC(c) : is_uni_upper_lc(c))
619 #define isLOWER_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isLOWER_LC(c) : is_uni_lower_lc(c))
620 #define isCNTRL_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isCNTRL_LC(c) : is_uni_cntrl_lc(c))
621 #define isGRAPH_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isGRAPH_LC(c) : is_uni_graph_lc(c))
622 #define isPRINT_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isPRINT_LC(c) : is_uni_print_lc(c))
623 #define isPUNCT_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isPUNCT_LC(c) : is_uni_punct_lc(c))
625 #define isPSXSPC_LC_uni(c) (isSPACE_LC_uni(c) ||(c) == '\f')
626 #define isBLANK_LC_uni(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
628 #define isALNUM_utf8(p) is_utf8_alnum(p)
629 /* The ID_Start of Unicode is quite limiting: it assumes a L-class
630 * character (meaning that you cannot have, say, a CJK character).
631 * Instead, let's allow ID_Continue but not digits. */
632 #define isIDFIRST_utf8(p) (is_utf8_idcont(p) && !is_utf8_digit(p))
633 #define isALPHA_utf8(p) is_utf8_alpha(p)
634 #define isSPACE_utf8(p) is_utf8_space(p)
635 #define isDIGIT_utf8(p) is_utf8_digit(p)
636 #define isUPPER_utf8(p) is_utf8_upper(p)
637 #define isLOWER_utf8(p) is_utf8_lower(p)
638 #define isASCII_utf8(p) is_utf8_ascii(p)
639 #define isCNTRL_utf8(p) is_utf8_cntrl(p)
640 #define isGRAPH_utf8(p) is_utf8_graph(p)
641 #define isPRINT_utf8(p) is_utf8_print(p)
642 #define isPUNCT_utf8(p) is_utf8_punct(p)
643 #define isXDIGIT_utf8(p) is_utf8_xdigit(p)
644 #define toUPPER_utf8(p,s,l) to_utf8_upper(p,s,l)
645 #define toTITLE_utf8(p,s,l) to_utf8_title(p,s,l)
646 #define toLOWER_utf8(p,s,l) to_utf8_lower(p,s,l)
648 #define isPSXSPC_utf8(c) (isSPACE_utf8(c) ||(c) == '\f')
649 #define isBLANK_utf8(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
651 #define isALNUM_LC_utf8(p) isALNUM_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
652 #define isIDFIRST_LC_utf8(p) isIDFIRST_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
653 #define isALPHA_LC_utf8(p) isALPHA_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
654 #define isSPACE_LC_utf8(p) isSPACE_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
655 #define isDIGIT_LC_utf8(p) isDIGIT_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
656 #define isUPPER_LC_utf8(p) isUPPER_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
657 #define isLOWER_LC_utf8(p) isLOWER_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
658 #define isALNUMC_LC_utf8(p) isALNUMC_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
659 #define isCNTRL_LC_utf8(p) isCNTRL_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
660 #define isGRAPH_LC_utf8(p) isGRAPH_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
661 #define isPRINT_LC_utf8(p) isPRINT_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
662 #define isPUNCT_LC_utf8(p) isPUNCT_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
664 #define isPSXSPC_LC_utf8(c) (isSPACE_LC_utf8(c) ||(c) == '\f')
665 #define isBLANK_LC_utf8(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
667 /* This conversion works both ways, strangely enough. On EBCDIC platforms,
668 * CTRL-@ is 0, CTRL-A is 1, etc, just like on ASCII */
669 # define toCTRL(c) (toUPPER(NATIVE_TO_UNI(c)) ^ 64)
671 /* Line numbers are unsigned, 32 bits. */
673 #define NOLINE ((line_t) 4294967295UL)
675 /* Helpful alias for version prescan */
676 #define is_LAX_VERSION(a,b) \
677 (a != Perl_prescan_version(aTHX_ a, FALSE, b, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL))
679 #define is_STRICT_VERSION(a,b) \
680 (a != Perl_prescan_version(aTHX_ a, TRUE, b, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL))
682 #define BADVERSION(a,b,c) \
689 =head1 Memory Management
691 =for apidoc Am|void|Newx|void* ptr|int nitems|type
692 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
694 In 5.9.3, Newx() and friends replace the older New() API, and drops
695 the first parameter, I<x>, a debug aid which allowed callers to identify
696 themselves. This aid has been superseded by a new build option,
697 PERL_MEM_LOG (see L<perlhack/PERL_MEM_LOG>). The older API is still
698 there for use in XS modules supporting older perls.
700 =for apidoc Am|void|Newxc|void* ptr|int nitems|type|cast
701 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
702 cast. See also C<Newx>.
704 =for apidoc Am|void|Newxz|void* ptr|int nitems|type
705 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
706 memory is zeroed with C<memzero>. See also C<Newx>.
708 =for apidoc Am|void|Renew|void* ptr|int nitems|type
709 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
711 =for apidoc Am|void|Renewc|void* ptr|int nitems|type|cast
712 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
715 =for apidoc Am|void|Safefree|void* ptr
716 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
718 =for apidoc Am|void|Move|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
719 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
720 source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
721 the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
723 =for apidoc Am|void *|MoveD|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
724 Like C<Move> but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call
727 =for apidoc Am|void|Copy|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
728 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
729 source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
730 the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
732 =for apidoc Am|void *|CopyD|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
734 Like C<Copy> but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call
737 =for apidoc Am|void|Zero|void* dest|int nitems|type
739 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
740 destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
742 =for apidoc Am|void *|ZeroD|void* dest|int nitems|type
744 Like C<Zero> but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call
747 =for apidoc Am|void|StructCopy|type src|type dest|type
748 This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
750 =for apidoc Am|void|PoisonWith|void* dest|int nitems|type|U8 byte
752 Fill up memory with a byte pattern (a byte repeated over and over
753 again) that hopefully catches attempts to access uninitialized memory.
755 =for apidoc Am|void|PoisonNew|void* dest|int nitems|type
757 PoisonWith(0xAB) for catching access to allocated but uninitialized memory.
759 =for apidoc Am|void|PoisonFree|void* dest|int nitems|type
761 PoisonWith(0xEF) for catching access to freed memory.
763 =for apidoc Am|void|Poison|void* dest|int nitems|type
765 PoisonWith(0xEF) for catching access to freed memory.
769 /* Maintained for backwards-compatibility only. Use newSV() instead. */
771 #define NEWSV(x,len) newSV(len)
774 #define MEM_SIZE_MAX ((MEM_SIZE)~0)
776 /* The +0.0 in MEM_WRAP_CHECK_ is an attempt to foil
777 * overly eager compilers that will bleat about e.g.
778 * (U16)n > (size_t)~0/sizeof(U16) always being false. */
779 #ifdef PERL_MALLOC_WRAP
780 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t) MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(n,t,PL_memory_wrap)
781 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(n,t,a) \
782 (void)(sizeof(t) > 1 && ((MEM_SIZE)(n)+0.0) > MEM_SIZE_MAX/sizeof(t) && (Perl_croak_nocontext("%s",(a)),0))
783 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t),
785 #define PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(n) ((void)(((n) > MEM_SIZE_MAX - 2 * PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM) ? (Perl_croak_nocontext("%s",PL_memory_wrap),0):0),((n-1+PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM)&~((MEM_SIZE)PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM-1)))
789 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t)
790 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(n,t,a)
791 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_2(n,t,a,b)
792 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t)
794 #define PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(n) (((n-1+PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM)&~((MEM_SIZE)PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM-1)))
800 * If PERL_MEM_LOG is defined, all Newx()s, Renew()s, and Safefree()s
801 * go through functions, which are handy for debugging breakpoints, but
802 * which more importantly get the immediate calling environment (file and
803 * line number, and C function name if available) passed in. This info can
804 * then be used for logging the calls, for which one gets a sample
805 * implementation unless -DPERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL is also defined.
808 * - not all memory allocs get logged, only those
809 * that go through Newx() and derivatives (while all
810 * Safefrees do get logged)
811 * - __FILE__ and __LINE__ do not work everywhere
812 * - __func__ or __FUNCTION__ even less so
813 * - I think more goes on after the perlio frees but
814 * the thing is that STDERR gets closed (as do all
815 * the file descriptors)
816 * - no deeper calling stack than the caller of the Newx()
817 * or the kind, but do I look like a C reflection/introspection
819 * - the function prototypes for the logging functions
820 * probably should maybe be somewhere else than handy.h
821 * - one could consider inlining (macrofying) the logging
822 * for speed, but I am too lazy
823 * - one could imagine recording the allocations in a hash,
824 * (keyed by the allocation address?), and maintain that
825 * through reallocs and frees, but how to do that without
826 * any News() happening...?
827 * - lots of -Ddefines to get useful/controllable output
828 * - lots of ENV reads
831 PERL_EXPORT_C Malloc_t Perl_mem_log_alloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *type_name, Malloc_t newalloc, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
833 PERL_EXPORT_C Malloc_t Perl_mem_log_realloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *type_name, Malloc_t oldalloc, Malloc_t newalloc, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
835 PERL_EXPORT_C Malloc_t Perl_mem_log_free(Malloc_t oldalloc, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
838 # ifndef PERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL
847 # if defined(PERL_IN_SV_C) /* those are only used in sv.c */
848 void Perl_mem_log_new_sv(const SV *sv, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
849 void Perl_mem_log_del_sv(const SV *sv, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
856 #define MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,a) Perl_mem_log_alloc(n,sizeof(t),STRINGIFY(t),a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
857 #define MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,a) Perl_mem_log_realloc(n,sizeof(t),STRINGIFY(t),v,a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
858 #define MEM_LOG_FREE(a) Perl_mem_log_free(a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
861 #ifndef MEM_LOG_ALLOC
862 #define MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,a) (a)
864 #ifndef MEM_LOG_REALLOC
865 #define MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,a) (a)
868 #define MEM_LOG_FREE(a) (a)
871 #define Newx(v,n,t) (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (t*)MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,safemalloc((MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
872 #define Newxc(v,n,t,c) (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (c*)MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,safemalloc((MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
873 #define Newxz(v,n,t) (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (t*)MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,safecalloc((n),sizeof(t)))))
876 /* pre 5.9.x compatibility */
877 #define New(x,v,n,t) Newx(v,n,t)
878 #define Newc(x,v,n,t,c) Newxc(v,n,t,c)
879 #define Newz(x,v,n,t) Newxz(v,n,t)
882 #define Renew(v,n,t) \
883 (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (t*)MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,saferealloc((Malloc_t)(v),(MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
884 #define Renewc(v,n,t,c) \
885 (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (c*)MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,saferealloc((Malloc_t)(v),(MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
888 #define Safefree(d) \
889 ((d) ? (void)(safefree(MEM_LOG_FREE((Malloc_t)(d))), Poison(&(d), 1, Malloc_t)) : (void) 0)
891 #define Safefree(d) safefree(MEM_LOG_FREE((Malloc_t)(d)))
894 #define Move(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memmove((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
895 #define Copy(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memcpy((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
896 #define Zero(d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)))
898 #define MoveD(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memmove((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
899 #define CopyD(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memcpy((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
901 #define ZeroD(d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)))
903 /* Using bzero(), which returns void. */
904 #define ZeroD(d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)),d)
907 #define PoisonWith(d,n,t,b) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memset((char*)(d), (U8)(b), (n) * sizeof(t)))
908 #define PoisonNew(d,n,t) PoisonWith(d,n,t,0xAB)
909 #define PoisonFree(d,n,t) PoisonWith(d,n,t,0xEF)
910 #define Poison(d,n,t) PoisonFree(d,n,t)
912 #ifdef USE_STRUCT_COPY
913 #define StructCopy(s,d,t) (*((t*)(d)) = *((t*)(s)))
915 #define StructCopy(s,d,t) Copy(s,d,1,t)
918 #define C_ARRAY_LENGTH(a) (sizeof(a)/sizeof((a)[0]))
922 # define Perl_va_copy(s, d) va_copy(d, s)
924 # if defined(__va_copy)
925 # define Perl_va_copy(s, d) __va_copy(d, s)
927 # define Perl_va_copy(s, d) Copy(s, d, 1, va_list)
932 /* convenience debug macros */
934 #define pTHX_FORMAT "Perl interpreter: 0x%p"
935 #define pTHX__FORMAT ", Perl interpreter: 0x%p"
936 #define pTHX_VALUE_ (void *)my_perl,
937 #define pTHX_VALUE (void *)my_perl
938 #define pTHX__VALUE_ ,(void *)my_perl,
939 #define pTHX__VALUE ,(void *)my_perl
947 #endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
949 /* Perl_deprecate was not part of the public API, and did not have a deprecate()
950 shortcut macro defined without -DPERL_CORE. Neither codesearch.google.com nor
951 CPAN::Unpack show any users outside the core. */
953 # define deprecate(s) Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED), "Use of " s " is deprecated")
958 * c-indentation-style: bsd
960 * indent-tabs-mode: t
963 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: