3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 #if !defined(__STDC__)
23 # define Null(type) ((type)NULL)
28 =for apidoc AmU||Nullch
29 Null character pointer. (No longer available when C<PERL_CORE> is defined.)
31 =for apidoc AmU||Nullsv
32 Null SV pointer. (No longer available when C<PERL_CORE> is defined.)
37 # define Nullch Null(char*)
38 # define Nullfp Null(PerlIO*)
39 # define Nullsv Null(SV*)
52 /* XXX Configure ought to have a test for a boolean type, if I can
53 just figure out all the headers such a test needs.
54 Andy Dougherty August 1996
56 /* bool is built-in for g++-2.6.3 and later, which might be used
57 for extensions. <_G_config.h> defines _G_HAVE_BOOL, but we can't
58 be sure _G_config.h will be included before this file. _G_config.h
59 also defines _G_HAVE_BOOL for both gcc and g++, but only g++
60 actually has bool. Hence, _G_HAVE_BOOL is pretty useless for us.
61 g++ can be identified by __GNUG__.
62 Andy Dougherty February 2000
64 #ifdef __GNUG__ /* GNU g++ has bool built-in */
70 /* The NeXT dynamic loader headers will not build with the bool macro
71 So declare them now to clear confusion.
73 #if defined(NeXT) || defined(__NeXT__)
76 typedef enum bool { FALSE = 0, TRUE = 1 } bool;
80 # endif /* !HAS_BOOL */
81 #endif /* NeXT || __NeXT__ */
84 # if defined(UTS) || defined(VMS)
92 /* Try to figure out __func__ or __FUNCTION__ equivalent, if any.
93 * XXX Should really be a Configure probe, with HAS__FUNCTION__
94 * and FUNCTION__ as results.
95 * XXX Similarly, a Configure probe for __FILE__ and __LINE__ is needed. */
96 #if (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) || (defined(__SUNPRO_C)) /* C99 or close enough. */
97 # define FUNCTION__ __func__
99 # if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300) || /* Pre-MSVC 7.0 has neither __func__ nor __FUNCTION and no good workarounds, either. */ \
100 (defined(__DECC_VER)) /* Tru64 or VMS, and strict C89 being used, but not modern enough cc (in Tur64, -c99 not known, only -std1). */
101 # define FUNCTION__ ""
103 # define FUNCTION__ __FUNCTION__ /* Common extension. */
107 /* XXX A note on the perl source internal type system. The
108 original intent was that I32 be *exactly* 32 bits.
110 Currently, we only guarantee that I32 is *at least* 32 bits.
111 Specifically, if int is 64 bits, then so is I32. (This is the case
112 for the Cray.) This has the advantage of meshing nicely with
113 standard library calls (where we pass an I32 and the library is
114 expecting an int), but the disadvantage that an I32 is not 32 bits.
115 Andy Dougherty August 1996
117 There is no guarantee that there is *any* integral type with
118 exactly 32 bits. It is perfectly legal for a system to have
119 sizeof(short) == sizeof(int) == sizeof(long) == 8.
121 Similarly, there is no guarantee that I16 and U16 have exactly 16
124 For dealing with issues that may arise from various 32/64-bit
125 systems, we will ask Configure to check out
127 SHORTSIZE == sizeof(short)
128 INTSIZE == sizeof(int)
129 LONGSIZE == sizeof(long)
130 LONGLONGSIZE == sizeof(long long) (if HAS_LONG_LONG)
131 PTRSIZE == sizeof(void *)
132 DOUBLESIZE == sizeof(double)
133 LONG_DOUBLESIZE == sizeof(long double) (if HAS_LONG_DOUBLE).
137 #ifdef I_INTTYPES /* e.g. Linux has int64_t without <inttypes.h> */
138 # include <inttypes.h>
139 # ifdef INT32_MIN_BROKEN
141 # define INT32_MIN (-2147483647-1)
143 # ifdef INT64_MIN_BROKEN
145 # define INT64_MIN (-9223372036854775807LL-1)
160 #endif /* PERL_CORE */
162 #if defined(HAS_QUAD) && defined(USE_64_BIT_INT)
163 # ifndef UINT64_C /* usually from <inttypes.h> */
164 # if defined(HAS_LONG_LONG) && QUADKIND == QUAD_IS_LONG_LONG
165 # define INT64_C(c) CAT2(c,LL)
166 # define UINT64_C(c) CAT2(c,ULL)
168 # if LONGSIZE == 8 && QUADKIND == QUAD_IS_LONG
169 # define INT64_C(c) CAT2(c,L)
170 # define UINT64_C(c) CAT2(c,UL)
172 # define INT64_C(c) ((I64TYPE)(c))
173 # define UINT64_C(c) ((U64TYPE)(c))
179 /* HMB H.Merijn Brand - a placeholder for preparing Configure patches */
180 #if defined(HAS_MALLOC_SIZE) && defined(LOCALTIME_R_NEEDS_TZSET) && defined(HAS_PSEUDOFORK)
181 /* Not (yet) used at top level, but mention them for metaconfig */
184 /* Mention I8SIZE, U8SIZE, I16SIZE, U16SIZE, I32SIZE, U32SIZE,
185 I64SIZE, and U64SIZE here so that metaconfig pulls them in. */
187 #if defined(UINT8_MAX) && defined(INT16_MAX) && defined(INT32_MAX)
189 /* I8_MAX and I8_MIN constants are not defined, as I8 is an ambiguous type.
190 Please search CHAR_MAX in perl.h for further details. */
191 #define U8_MAX UINT8_MAX
192 #define U8_MIN UINT8_MIN
194 #define I16_MAX INT16_MAX
195 #define I16_MIN INT16_MIN
196 #define U16_MAX UINT16_MAX
197 #define U16_MIN UINT16_MIN
199 #define I32_MAX INT32_MAX
200 #define I32_MIN INT32_MIN
201 #ifndef UINT32_MAX_BROKEN /* e.g. HP-UX with gcc messes this up */
202 # define U32_MAX UINT32_MAX
204 # define U32_MAX 4294967295U
206 #define U32_MIN UINT32_MIN
210 /* I8_MAX and I8_MIN constants are not defined, as I8 is an ambiguous type.
211 Please search CHAR_MAX in perl.h for further details. */
212 #define U8_MAX PERL_UCHAR_MAX
213 #define U8_MIN PERL_UCHAR_MIN
215 #define I16_MAX PERL_SHORT_MAX
216 #define I16_MIN PERL_SHORT_MIN
217 #define U16_MAX PERL_USHORT_MAX
218 #define U16_MIN PERL_USHORT_MIN
221 # define I32_MAX PERL_INT_MAX
222 # define I32_MIN PERL_INT_MIN
223 # define U32_MAX PERL_UINT_MAX
224 # define U32_MIN PERL_UINT_MIN
226 # define I32_MAX PERL_LONG_MAX
227 # define I32_MIN PERL_LONG_MIN
228 # define U32_MAX PERL_ULONG_MAX
229 # define U32_MIN PERL_ULONG_MIN
234 /* log(2) is pretty close to 0.30103, just in case anyone is grepping for it */
235 #define BIT_DIGITS(N) (((N)*146)/485 + 1) /* log2(10) =~ 146/485 */
236 #define TYPE_DIGITS(T) BIT_DIGITS(sizeof(T) * 8)
237 #define TYPE_CHARS(T) (TYPE_DIGITS(T) + 2) /* sign, NUL */
239 #define Ctl(ch) ((ch) & 037)
242 =head1 SV-Body Allocation
244 =for apidoc Ama|SV*|newSVpvs|const char* s
245 Like C<newSVpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
247 =for apidoc Ama|SV*|newSVpvs_share|const char* s
248 Like C<newSVpvn_share>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length
249 pair and omits the hash parameter.
251 =for apidoc Am|void|sv_catpvs|SV* sv|const char* s
252 Like C<sv_catpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
254 =for apidoc Am|void|sv_setpvs|SV* sv|const char* s
255 Like C<sv_setpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
257 =head1 Memory Management
259 =for apidoc Ama|char*|savepvs|const char* s
260 Like C<savepvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
264 =for apidoc Am|HV*|gv_stashpvs|const char* name|I32 create
265 Like C<gv_stashpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
267 =head1 Hash Manipulation Functions
269 =for apidoc Am|SV**|hv_fetchs|HV* tb|const char* key|I32 lval
270 Like C<hv_fetch>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
272 =for apidoc Am|SV**|hv_stores|HV* tb|const char* key|NULLOK SV* val
273 Like C<hv_store>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair
274 and omits the hash parameter.
279 /* concatenating with "" ensures that only literal strings are accepted as argument */
280 #define STR_WITH_LEN(s) (s ""), (sizeof(s)-1)
282 /* note that STR_WITH_LEN() can't be used as argument to macros or functions that
283 * under some configurations might be macros, which means that it requires the full
284 * Perl_xxx(aTHX_ ...) form for any API calls where it's used.
287 /* STR_WITH_LEN() shortcuts */
288 #define newSVpvs(str) Perl_newSVpvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str))
289 #define newSVpvs_share(str) Perl_newSVpvn_share(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str), 0)
290 #define sv_catpvs(sv, str) Perl_sv_catpvn_flags(aTHX_ sv, STR_WITH_LEN(str), SV_GMAGIC)
291 #define sv_setpvs(sv, str) Perl_sv_setpvn(aTHX_ sv, STR_WITH_LEN(str))
292 #define savepvs(str) Perl_savepvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str))
293 #define gv_stashpvs(str, create) Perl_gv_stashpvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str), create)
294 #define gv_fetchpvs(namebeg, add, sv_type) Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(namebeg), add, sv_type)
295 #define hv_fetchs(hv,key,lval) \
296 ((SV **)Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ (hv), NULL, STR_WITH_LEN(key), 0, \
297 (lval) ? (HV_FETCH_JUST_SV | HV_FETCH_LVALUE) \
298 : HV_FETCH_JUST_SV, NULL, 0))
300 #define hv_stores(hv,key,val) \
301 ((SV **)Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ (hv), NULL, STR_WITH_LEN(key), 0, \
302 (HV_FETCH_ISSTORE|HV_FETCH_JUST_SV), (val), 0))
306 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
308 =for apidoc Am|bool|strNE|char* s1|char* s2
309 Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
312 =for apidoc Am|bool|strEQ|char* s1|char* s2
313 Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
315 =for apidoc Am|bool|strLT|char* s1|char* s2
316 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
317 C<s2>. Returns true or false.
319 =for apidoc Am|bool|strLE|char* s1|char* s2
320 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
321 second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
323 =for apidoc Am|bool|strGT|char* s1|char* s2
324 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
325 C<s2>. Returns true or false.
327 =for apidoc Am|bool|strGE|char* s1|char* s2
328 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
329 the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
331 =for apidoc Am|bool|strnNE|char* s1|char* s2|STRLEN len
332 Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
333 indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
334 wrapper for C<strncmp>).
336 =for apidoc Am|bool|strnEQ|char* s1|char* s2|STRLEN len
337 Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
338 the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
344 #define strNE(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2))
345 #define strEQ(s1,s2) (!strcmp(s1,s2))
346 #define strLT(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) < 0)
347 #define strLE(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) <= 0)
348 #define strGT(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) > 0)
349 #define strGE(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) >= 0)
350 #define strnNE(s1,s2,l) (strncmp(s1,s2,l))
351 #define strnEQ(s1,s2,l) (!strncmp(s1,s2,l))
354 # define memNE(s1,s2,l) (memcmp(s1,s2,l))
355 # define memEQ(s1,s2,l) (!memcmp(s1,s2,l))
357 # define memNE(s1,s2,l) (bcmp(s1,s2,l))
358 # define memEQ(s1,s2,l) (!bcmp(s1,s2,l))
361 #define memEQs(s1, l, s2) \
362 (sizeof(s2)-1 == l && memEQ(s1, (s2 ""), (sizeof(s2)-1)))
363 #define memNEs(s1, l, s2) !memEQs(s1, l, s2)
368 * Unfortunately, the introduction of locales means that we
369 * can't trust isupper(), etc. to tell the truth. And when
370 * it comes to /\w+/ with tainting enabled, we *must* be able
371 * to trust our character classes.
373 * Therefore, the default tests in the text of Perl will be
374 * independent of locale. Any code that wants to depend on
375 * the current locale will use the tests that begin with "lc".
378 #ifdef HAS_SETLOCALE /* XXX Is there a better test for this? */
386 =head1 Character classes
388 =for apidoc Am|bool|isALNUM|char ch
389 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
390 character (including underscore) or digit.
392 =for apidoc Am|bool|isALPHA|char ch
393 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
396 =for apidoc Am|bool|isSPACE|char ch
397 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
399 =for apidoc Am|bool|isDIGIT|char ch
400 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
403 =for apidoc Am|bool|isUPPER|char ch
404 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
407 =for apidoc Am|bool|isLOWER|char ch
408 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
411 =for apidoc Am|char|toUPPER|char ch
412 Converts the specified character to uppercase.
414 =for apidoc Am|char|toLOWER|char ch
415 Converts the specified character to lowercase.
420 #define isALNUM(c) (isALPHA(c) || isDIGIT(c) || (c) == '_')
421 #define isIDFIRST(c) (isALPHA(c) || (c) == '_')
422 #define isALPHA(c) (isUPPER(c) || isLOWER(c))
424 ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t' || (c) == '\n' || (c) =='\r' || (c) == '\f')
425 #define isPSXSPC(c) (isSPACE(c) || (c) == '\v')
426 #define isBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
427 #define isDIGIT(c) ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '9')
429 /* In EBCDIC we do not do locales: therefore() isupper() is fine. */
430 # define isUPPER(c) isupper(c)
431 # define isLOWER(c) islower(c)
432 # define isALNUMC(c) isalnum(c)
433 # define isASCII(c) isascii(c)
434 # define isCNTRL(c) iscntrl(c)
435 # define isGRAPH(c) isgraph(c)
436 # define isPRINT(c) isprint(c)
437 # define isPUNCT(c) ispunct(c)
438 # define isXDIGIT(c) isxdigit(c)
439 # define toUPPER(c) toupper(c)
440 # define toLOWER(c) tolower(c)
442 # define isUPPER(c) ((c) >= 'A' && (c) <= 'Z')
443 # define isLOWER(c) ((c) >= 'a' && (c) <= 'z')
444 # define isALNUMC(c) (isALPHA(c) || isDIGIT(c))
445 # define isASCII(c) ((c) <= 127)
446 # define isCNTRL(c) ((c) < ' ' || (c) == 127)
447 # define isGRAPH(c) (isALNUM(c) || isPUNCT(c))
448 # define isPRINT(c) (((c) >= 32 && (c) < 127))
449 # define isPUNCT(c) (((c) >= 33 && (c) <= 47) || ((c) >= 58 && (c) <= 64) || ((c) >= 91 && (c) <= 96) || ((c) >= 123 && (c) <= 126))
450 # define isXDIGIT(c) (isDIGIT(c) || ((c) >= 'a' && (c) <= 'f') || ((c) >= 'A' && (c) <= 'F'))
451 # define toUPPER(c) (isLOWER(c) ? (c) - ('a' - 'A') : (c))
452 # define toLOWER(c) (isUPPER(c) ? (c) + ('a' - 'A') : (c))
455 #ifdef USE_NEXT_CTYPE
457 # define isALNUM_LC(c) \
458 (NXIsAlNum((unsigned int)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
459 # define isIDFIRST_LC(c) \
460 (NXIsAlpha((unsigned int)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
461 # define isALPHA_LC(c) NXIsAlpha((unsigned int)(c))
462 # define isSPACE_LC(c) NXIsSpace((unsigned int)(c))
463 # define isDIGIT_LC(c) NXIsDigit((unsigned int)(c))
464 # define isUPPER_LC(c) NXIsUpper((unsigned int)(c))
465 # define isLOWER_LC(c) NXIsLower((unsigned int)(c))
466 # define isALNUMC_LC(c) NXIsAlNum((unsigned int)(c))
467 # define isCNTRL_LC(c) NXIsCntrl((unsigned int)(c))
468 # define isGRAPH_LC(c) NXIsGraph((unsigned int)(c))
469 # define isPRINT_LC(c) NXIsPrint((unsigned int)(c))
470 # define isPUNCT_LC(c) NXIsPunct((unsigned int)(c))
471 # define toUPPER_LC(c) NXToUpper((unsigned int)(c))
472 # define toLOWER_LC(c) NXToLower((unsigned int)(c))
474 #else /* !USE_NEXT_CTYPE */
476 # if defined(CTYPE256) || (!defined(isascii) && !defined(HAS_ISASCII))
478 # define isALNUM_LC(c) (isalnum((unsigned char)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
479 # define isIDFIRST_LC(c) (isalpha((unsigned char)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
480 # define isALPHA_LC(c) isalpha((unsigned char)(c))
481 # define isSPACE_LC(c) isspace((unsigned char)(c))
482 # define isDIGIT_LC(c) isdigit((unsigned char)(c))
483 # define isUPPER_LC(c) isupper((unsigned char)(c))
484 # define isLOWER_LC(c) islower((unsigned char)(c))
485 # define isALNUMC_LC(c) isalnum((unsigned char)(c))
486 # define isCNTRL_LC(c) iscntrl((unsigned char)(c))
487 # define isGRAPH_LC(c) isgraph((unsigned char)(c))
488 # define isPRINT_LC(c) isprint((unsigned char)(c))
489 # define isPUNCT_LC(c) ispunct((unsigned char)(c))
490 # define toUPPER_LC(c) toupper((unsigned char)(c))
491 # define toLOWER_LC(c) tolower((unsigned char)(c))
495 # define isALNUM_LC(c) (isascii(c) && (isalnum(c) || (c) == '_'))
496 # define isIDFIRST_LC(c) (isascii(c) && (isalpha(c) || (c) == '_'))
497 # define isALPHA_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isalpha(c))
498 # define isSPACE_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isspace(c))
499 # define isDIGIT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isdigit(c))
500 # define isUPPER_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isupper(c))
501 # define isLOWER_LC(c) (isascii(c) && islower(c))
502 # define isALNUMC_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isalnum(c))
503 # define isCNTRL_LC(c) (isascii(c) && iscntrl(c))
504 # define isGRAPH_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isgraph(c))
505 # define isPRINT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isprint(c))
506 # define isPUNCT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && ispunct(c))
507 # define toUPPER_LC(c) toupper(c)
508 # define toLOWER_LC(c) tolower(c)
511 #endif /* USE_NEXT_CTYPE */
513 #define isPSXSPC_LC(c) (isSPACE_LC(c) || (c) == '\v')
514 #define isBLANK_LC(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
516 #define isALNUM_uni(c) is_uni_alnum(c)
517 #define isIDFIRST_uni(c) is_uni_idfirst(c)
518 #define isALPHA_uni(c) is_uni_alpha(c)
519 #define isSPACE_uni(c) is_uni_space(c)
520 #define isDIGIT_uni(c) is_uni_digit(c)
521 #define isUPPER_uni(c) is_uni_upper(c)
522 #define isLOWER_uni(c) is_uni_lower(c)
523 #define isALNUMC_uni(c) is_uni_alnumc(c)
524 #define isASCII_uni(c) is_uni_ascii(c)
525 #define isCNTRL_uni(c) is_uni_cntrl(c)
526 #define isGRAPH_uni(c) is_uni_graph(c)
527 #define isPRINT_uni(c) is_uni_print(c)
528 #define isPUNCT_uni(c) is_uni_punct(c)
529 #define isXDIGIT_uni(c) is_uni_xdigit(c)
530 #define toUPPER_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_upper(c,s,l)
531 #define toTITLE_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_title(c,s,l)
532 #define toLOWER_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_lower(c,s,l)
533 #define toFOLD_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_fold(c,s,l)
535 #define isPSXSPC_uni(c) (isSPACE_uni(c) ||(c) == '\f')
536 #define isBLANK_uni(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
538 #define isALNUM_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isALNUM_LC(c) : is_uni_alnum_lc(c))
539 #define isIDFIRST_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isIDFIRST_LC(c) : is_uni_idfirst_lc(c))
540 #define isALPHA_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isALPHA_LC(c) : is_uni_alpha_lc(c))
541 #define isSPACE_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isSPACE_LC(c) : is_uni_space_lc(c))
542 #define isDIGIT_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isDIGIT_LC(c) : is_uni_digit_lc(c))
543 #define isUPPER_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isUPPER_LC(c) : is_uni_upper_lc(c))
544 #define isLOWER_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isLOWER_LC(c) : is_uni_lower_lc(c))
545 #define isALNUMC_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isALNUMC_LC(c) : is_uni_alnumc_lc(c))
546 #define isCNTRL_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isCNTRL_LC(c) : is_uni_cntrl_lc(c))
547 #define isGRAPH_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isGRAPH_LC(c) : is_uni_graph_lc(c))
548 #define isPRINT_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isPRINT_LC(c) : is_uni_print_lc(c))
549 #define isPUNCT_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isPUNCT_LC(c) : is_uni_punct_lc(c))
551 #define isPSXSPC_LC_uni(c) (isSPACE_LC_uni(c) ||(c) == '\f')
552 #define isBLANK_LC_uni(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
554 #define isALNUM_utf8(p) is_utf8_alnum(p)
555 /* The ID_Start of Unicode is quite limiting: it assumes a L-class
556 * character (meaning that you cannot have, say, a CJK character).
557 * Instead, let's allow ID_Continue but not digits. */
558 #define isIDFIRST_utf8(p) (is_utf8_idcont(p) && !is_utf8_digit(p))
559 #define isALPHA_utf8(p) is_utf8_alpha(p)
560 #define isSPACE_utf8(p) is_utf8_space(p)
561 #define isDIGIT_utf8(p) is_utf8_digit(p)
562 #define isUPPER_utf8(p) is_utf8_upper(p)
563 #define isLOWER_utf8(p) is_utf8_lower(p)
564 #define isALNUMC_utf8(p) is_utf8_alnumc(p)
565 #define isASCII_utf8(p) is_utf8_ascii(p)
566 #define isCNTRL_utf8(p) is_utf8_cntrl(p)
567 #define isGRAPH_utf8(p) is_utf8_graph(p)
568 #define isPRINT_utf8(p) is_utf8_print(p)
569 #define isPUNCT_utf8(p) is_utf8_punct(p)
570 #define isXDIGIT_utf8(p) is_utf8_xdigit(p)
571 #define toUPPER_utf8(p,s,l) to_utf8_upper(p,s,l)
572 #define toTITLE_utf8(p,s,l) to_utf8_title(p,s,l)
573 #define toLOWER_utf8(p,s,l) to_utf8_lower(p,s,l)
575 #define isPSXSPC_utf8(c) (isSPACE_utf8(c) ||(c) == '\f')
576 #define isBLANK_utf8(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
578 #define isALNUM_LC_utf8(p) isALNUM_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
579 #define isIDFIRST_LC_utf8(p) isIDFIRST_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
580 #define isALPHA_LC_utf8(p) isALPHA_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
581 #define isSPACE_LC_utf8(p) isSPACE_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
582 #define isDIGIT_LC_utf8(p) isDIGIT_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
583 #define isUPPER_LC_utf8(p) isUPPER_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
584 #define isLOWER_LC_utf8(p) isLOWER_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
585 #define isALNUMC_LC_utf8(p) isALNUMC_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
586 #define isCNTRL_LC_utf8(p) isCNTRL_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
587 #define isGRAPH_LC_utf8(p) isGRAPH_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
588 #define isPRINT_LC_utf8(p) isPRINT_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
589 #define isPUNCT_LC_utf8(p) isPUNCT_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
591 #define isPSXSPC_LC_utf8(c) (isSPACE_LC_utf8(c) ||(c) == '\f')
592 #define isBLANK_LC_utf8(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
595 # ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
596 # define toCTRL(c) Perl_ebcdic_control(aTHX_ c)
598 # define toCTRL Perl_ebcdic_control
601 /* This conversion works both ways, strangely enough. */
602 # define toCTRL(c) (toUPPER(c) ^ 64)
605 /* Line numbers are unsigned, 32 bits. */
607 #define NOLINE ((line_t) 4294967295UL)
611 =head1 Memory Management
613 =for apidoc Am|void|Newx|void* ptr|int nitems|type
614 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
616 In 5.9.3, Newx() and friends replace the older New() API, and drops
617 the first parameter, I<x>, a debug aid which allowed callers to identify
618 themselves. This aid has been superseded by a new build option,
619 PERL_MEM_LOG (see L<perlhack/PERL_MEM_LOG>). The older API is still
620 there for use in XS modules supporting older perls.
622 =for apidoc Am|void|Newxc|void* ptr|int nitems|type|cast
623 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
624 cast. See also C<Newx>.
626 =for apidoc Am|void|Newxz|void* ptr|int nitems|type
627 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
628 memory is zeroed with C<memzero>. See also C<Newx>.
630 =for apidoc Am|void|Renew|void* ptr|int nitems|type
631 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
633 =for apidoc Am|void|Renewc|void* ptr|int nitems|type|cast
634 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
637 =for apidoc Am|void|Safefree|void* ptr
638 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
640 =for apidoc Am|void|Move|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
641 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
642 source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
643 the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
645 =for apidoc Am|void *|MoveD|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
646 Like C<Move> but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call
649 =for apidoc Am|void|Copy|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
650 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
651 source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
652 the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
654 =for apidoc Am|void *|CopyD|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
656 Like C<Copy> but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call
659 =for apidoc Am|void|Zero|void* dest|int nitems|type
661 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
662 destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
664 =for apidoc Am|void *|ZeroD|void* dest|int nitems|type
666 Like C<Zero> but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call
669 =for apidoc Am|void|StructCopy|type src|type dest|type
670 This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
672 =for apidoc Am|void|PoisonWith|void* dest|int nitems|type|U8 byte
674 Fill up memory with a byte pattern (a byte repeated over and over
675 again) that hopefully catches attempts to access uninitialized memory.
677 =for apidoc Am|void|PoisonNew|void* dest|int nitems|type
679 PoisonWith(0xAB) for catching access to allocated but uninitialized memory.
681 =for apidoc Am|void|PoisonFree|void* dest|int nitems|type
683 PoisonWith(0xEF) for catching access to freed memory.
685 =for apidoc Am|void|Poison|void* dest|int nitems|type
687 PoisonWith(0xEF) for catching access to freed memory.
691 /* Maintained for backwards-compatibility only. Use newSV() instead. */
693 #define NEWSV(x,len) newSV(len)
696 #define MEM_SIZE_MAX ((MEM_SIZE)~0)
698 /* The +0.0 in MEM_WRAP_CHECK_ is an attempt to foil
699 * overly eager compilers that will bleat about e.g.
700 * (U16)n > (size_t)~0/sizeof(U16) always being false. */
701 #ifdef PERL_MALLOC_WRAP
702 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t) MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(n,t,PL_memory_wrap)
703 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(n,t,a) \
704 (void)(sizeof(t) > 1 && ((MEM_SIZE)(n)+0.0) > MEM_SIZE_MAX/sizeof(t) && (Perl_croak_nocontext(a),0))
705 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t),
707 #define PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(n) ((void)(((n) > MEM_SIZE_MAX - 2 * PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM) ? (Perl_croak_nocontext(PL_memory_wrap),0):0),((n-1+PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM)&~((MEM_SIZE)PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM-1)))
711 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t)
712 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(n,t,a)
713 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_2(n,t,a,b)
714 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t)
716 #define PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(n) (((n-1+PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM)&~((MEM_SIZE)PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM-1)))
722 * If PERL_MEM_LOG is defined, all Newx()s, Renew()s, and Safefree()s
723 * go through functions, which are handy for debugging breakpoints, but
724 * which more importantly get the immediate calling environment (file and
725 * line number, and C function name if available) passed in. This info can
726 * then be used for logging the calls, for which one gets a sample
727 * implementation if PERL_MEM_LOG_STDERR is defined.
730 * - all memory allocs do not get logged, only those
731 * that go through Newx() and derivatives (while all
732 * Safefrees do get logged)
733 * - __FILE__ and __LINE__ do not work everywhere
734 * - __func__ or __FUNCTION__ even less so
735 * - I think more goes on after the perlio frees but
736 * the thing is that STDERR gets closed (as do all
737 * the file descriptors)
738 * - no deeper calling stack than the caller of the Newx()
739 * or the kind, but do I look like a C reflection/introspection
741 * - the function prototypes for the logging functions
742 * probably should maybe be somewhere else than handy.h
743 * - one could consider inlining (macrofying) the logging
744 * for speed, but I am too lazy
745 * - one could imagine recording the allocations in a hash,
746 * (keyed by the allocation address?), and maintain that
747 * through reallocs and frees, but how to do that without
748 * any News() happening...?
751 Malloc_t Perl_mem_log_alloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *typename, Malloc_t newalloc, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
753 Malloc_t Perl_mem_log_realloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *typename, Malloc_t oldalloc, Malloc_t newalloc, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
755 Malloc_t Perl_mem_log_free(Malloc_t oldalloc, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
760 #define MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,a) Perl_mem_log_alloc(n,sizeof(t),STRINGIFY(t),a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
761 #define MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,a) Perl_mem_log_realloc(n,sizeof(t),STRINGIFY(t),v,a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
762 #define MEM_LOG_FREE(a) Perl_mem_log_free(a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
765 #ifndef MEM_LOG_ALLOC
766 #define MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,a) (a)
768 #ifndef MEM_LOG_REALLOC
769 #define MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,a) (a)
772 #define MEM_LOG_FREE(a) (a)
775 #define Newx(v,n,t) (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,(t*)safemalloc((MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
776 #define Newxc(v,n,t,c) (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,(c*)safemalloc((MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
777 #define Newxz(v,n,t) (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,(t*)safecalloc((n),sizeof(t)))))
780 /* pre 5.9.x compatibility */
781 #define New(x,v,n,t) Newx(v,n,t)
782 #define Newc(x,v,n,t,c) Newxc(v,n,t,c)
783 #define Newz(x,v,n,t) Newxz(v,n,t)
786 #define Renew(v,n,t) \
787 (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,(t*)saferealloc((Malloc_t)(v),(MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
788 #define Renewc(v,n,t,c) \
789 (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,(c*)saferealloc((Malloc_t)(v),(MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
792 #define Safefree(d) \
793 ((d) ? (void)(safefree(MEM_LOG_FREE((Malloc_t)(d))), Poison(&(d), 1, Malloc_t)) : (void) 0)
795 #define Safefree(d) safefree(MEM_LOG_FREE((Malloc_t)(d)))
798 #define Move(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memmove((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
799 #define Copy(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memcpy((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
800 #define Zero(d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)))
802 #define MoveD(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memmove((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
803 #define CopyD(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memcpy((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
805 #define ZeroD(d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)))
807 /* Using bzero(), which returns void. */
808 #define ZeroD(d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)),d)
811 #define PoisonWith(d,n,t,b) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memset((char*)(d), (U8)(b), (n) * sizeof(t)))
812 #define PoisonNew(d,n,t) PoisonWith(d,n,t,0xAB)
813 #define PoisonFree(d,n,t) PoisonWith(d,n,t,0xEF)
814 #define Poison(d,n,t) PoisonFree(d,n,t)
816 #ifdef USE_STRUCT_COPY
817 #define StructCopy(s,d,t) (*((t*)(d)) = *((t*)(s)))
819 #define StructCopy(s,d,t) Copy(s,d,1,t)
822 #define C_ARRAY_LENGTH(a) (sizeof(a)/sizeof((a)[0]))
826 # define Perl_va_copy(s, d) va_copy(d, s)
828 # if defined(__va_copy)
829 # define Perl_va_copy(s, d) __va_copy(d, s)
831 # define Perl_va_copy(s, d) Copy(s, d, 1, va_list)
836 /* convenience debug macros */
838 #define pTHX_FORMAT "Perl interpreter: 0x%p"
839 #define pTHX__FORMAT ", Perl interpreter: 0x%p"
840 #define pTHX_VALUE_ (void *)my_perl,
841 #define pTHX_VALUE (void *)my_perl
842 #define pTHX__VALUE_ ,(void *)my_perl,
843 #define pTHX__VALUE ,(void *)my_perl
851 #endif /* USE_ITHREADS */