3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
23 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
24 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
25 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
27 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
28 Perl stores its global variables.
38 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
40 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
41 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
48 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
50 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
51 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
58 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
60 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
61 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle");
63 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
65 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
74 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
84 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
85 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
88 New(603, tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
89 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
92 strcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name);
93 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
95 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
96 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
98 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
100 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
106 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
109 bool doproto = SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL;
110 char *proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
112 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
121 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
122 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
123 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
124 GvLINE(gv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
125 GvFILE(gv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
128 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
129 GvSTASH(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(stash);
130 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
132 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
134 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
137 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
138 start_subparse(0,0); /* Create CV in compcv. */
139 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
144 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
145 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
147 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
154 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
170 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
172 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
173 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
174 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
176 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
177 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
178 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
179 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
181 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
182 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
183 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
184 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
185 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
191 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
199 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
201 level = -1; /* probably appropriate */
202 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE)))
208 "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
210 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
211 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
212 name, HvNAME(stash));
214 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
216 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
221 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
222 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
223 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
224 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
225 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
227 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
229 GvCV(topgv) = cv = Nullcv;
232 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
233 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
236 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
237 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : Nullav;
239 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
240 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
241 char* packname = HvNAME(stash);
242 STRLEN packlen = strlen(packname);
244 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(packname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
248 basestash = gv_stashpvn(packname, packlen, TRUE);
249 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
250 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
251 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
252 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
253 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", HvNAME(stash));
254 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
255 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
256 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
257 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
263 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
264 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
265 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
268 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
270 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
271 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%s::ISA",
275 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
276 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
282 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
284 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
287 if ((lastchance = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE))) {
288 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
289 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
293 * Cache method in topgv if:
294 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
295 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
298 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
300 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
302 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
304 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
305 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
309 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
310 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
311 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
320 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
322 Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
323 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
325 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
326 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
327 of the result may be zero.
333 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
335 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level);
338 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
339 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
344 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
345 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
347 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
350 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
352 /* Have an autoload */
353 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
354 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, 0);
355 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
364 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod
366 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
372 Perl_gv_fetchmethod(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name)
374 return gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, name, TRUE);
378 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
380 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
381 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
382 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
385 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
386 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
387 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
388 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
389 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
391 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
392 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
393 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
394 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
395 created via a side effect to do this.
397 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
398 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
399 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
400 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
406 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
408 register const char *nend;
409 const char *nsplit = 0;
413 if (stash && SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
416 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
419 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
423 const char *origname = name;
427 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
428 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
429 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
430 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
431 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
432 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
433 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
434 origname, HvNAME(stash), name) );
437 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
438 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, FALSE);
440 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
441 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
442 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
443 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
444 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, FALSE))
445 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, TRUE);
450 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
452 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
453 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
455 gv = gv_autoload4(ostash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
459 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
467 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
470 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
471 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
481 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
483 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
484 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
492 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
495 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
496 packname = SvPV_nolen((SV*)stash);
500 packname = HvNAME(stash);
503 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
507 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
511 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
513 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && !method &&
514 (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash))
515 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
516 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
517 packname, (int)len, name);
520 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
521 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
522 * and split that value on the last '::',
523 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
526 SvPVX(cv) = (char *)name; /* cast to lose constness warning */
532 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
533 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
534 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
535 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
537 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
538 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, autoload, autolen, TRUE);
542 gv_init(vargv, varstash, autoload, autolen, FALSE);
545 sv_setpv(varsv, packname);
546 sv_catpvn(varsv, "::", 2);
547 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
548 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
552 /* The "gv" parameter should be the glob known to Perl code as *!
553 * The scalar must already have been magicalized.
556 S_require_errno(pTHX_ GV *gv)
558 HV* stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
560 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
564 save_scalar(gv); /* keep the value of $! */
565 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
566 newSVpvn("Errno",5), Nullsv);
569 stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
570 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
571 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
576 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
578 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
579 be a valid UTF-8 string and must be null-terminated. If C<create> is set
580 then the package will be created if it does not already exist. If C<create>
581 is not set and the package does not exist then NULL is returned.
587 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
589 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
593 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
595 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
596 be a valid UTF-8 string. The C<namelen> parameter indicates the length of
597 the C<name>, in bytes. If C<create> is set then the package will be
598 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
599 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
605 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
612 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
615 New(606, tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
616 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
617 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
618 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
619 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
620 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, create, SVt_PVHV);
621 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
626 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
629 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
634 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
636 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
637 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
643 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
648 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
653 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type)
655 register const char *name = nambeg;
659 register const char *namend;
662 if (*name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
665 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
666 if ((*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':')
667 || (*namend == '\'' && namend[1]))
671 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
679 if (len + 3 < sizeof (smallbuf))
682 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
683 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
687 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
688 gv = gvp ? *gvp : Nullgv;
689 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
690 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
691 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
695 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
697 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
700 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
701 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
704 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
712 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
717 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
720 if (isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
723 /* name is always \0 terminated, and initial \0 wouldn't return
724 true from isIDFIRST_lazy, so we know that name[1] is defined */
731 if (strEQ(name, "INC") || strEQ(name, "ENV"))
735 if (strEQ(name, "SIG"))
739 if (strEQ(name, "STDIN") || strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
740 strEQ(name, "STDERR"))
744 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV") || strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT"))
751 else if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
753 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
754 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
755 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
756 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
757 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
758 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
759 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
761 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
763 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
764 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
768 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
769 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
770 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
772 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
773 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
774 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
777 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
783 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
789 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
793 register SV *err = Perl_mess(aTHX_
794 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
795 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
796 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
797 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
799 if (USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES)
802 stash = GvHV(gv_fetchpv("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV));
808 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
811 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
812 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
815 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
818 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
819 if (*name=='!' && sv_type == SVt_PVHV && len==1)
823 } else if (add & GV_NOINIT) {
827 /* Adding a new symbol */
829 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
830 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
831 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
832 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
834 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
835 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
838 /* set up magic where warranted */
841 /* Nothing else to do.
842 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
843 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
844 the common case of lower case variable names. */
846 const char *name2 = name + 1;
849 if (strEQ(name2, "RGV")) {
850 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
854 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
858 if (strEQ(name2, "SA")) {
861 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, Nullch, 0);
862 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
863 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
864 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
867 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
868 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
869 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
870 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
871 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
872 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
873 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
874 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
875 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
876 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
881 if (strEQ(name2, "VERLOAD")) {
884 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
888 if (strEQ(name2, "IG")) {
892 Newz(73, PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
893 Newz(73, PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
894 Newz(73, PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
898 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
899 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
901 init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
903 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
911 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
914 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
915 if (strEQ(name2, "NCODING"))
918 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
919 if (strEQ(name2, "PEN"))
922 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
923 if (strEQ(name2, "AINT"))
926 case '\025': /* $^UNICODE */
927 if (strEQ(name2, "NICODE"))
930 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
931 if (strEQ(name2, "ARNING_BITS"))
944 /* ensures variable is only digits */
945 /* ${"1foo"} fails this test (and is thus writeable) */
946 /* added by japhy, but borrowed from is_gv_magical */
947 const char *end = name + len;
948 while (--end > name) {
949 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
955 } else if (len == 1) {
956 /* Names of length 1. */
962 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
963 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
964 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
965 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
968 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
972 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),PL_chopset);
976 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
977 (void)SvUPGRADE(GvSV(gv), SVt_PVLV);
983 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm.
984 The require will itself set errno, so in order to
985 preserve its value we have to set up the magic
986 now (rather than going to magicalize)
989 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
991 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV)
998 sv_magic((SV*)av, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
1003 if (sv_type == SVt_PV && ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX))
1004 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
1005 "$* is no longer supported");
1008 if (sv_type == SVt_PV && ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX))
1009 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
1010 "Use of $# is deprecated");
1013 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
1019 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
1023 case '\023': /* $^S */
1034 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1049 case '\001': /* $^A */
1050 case '\003': /* $^C */
1051 case '\004': /* $^D */
1052 case '\005': /* $^E */
1053 case '\006': /* $^F */
1054 case '\010': /* $^H */
1055 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1056 case '\016': /* $^N */
1057 case '\017': /* $^O */
1058 case '\020': /* $^P */
1059 case '\024': /* $^T */
1060 case '\027': /* $^W */
1062 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1065 case '\014': /* $^L */
1066 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
1067 PL_formfeed = GvSV(gv);
1070 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
1075 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
1076 (void *)upg_version(PL_patchlevel);
1077 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
1078 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1082 case '\026': /* $^V */
1085 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
1086 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1096 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1099 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1104 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1110 if (keepmain || strNE(name, "main")) {
1112 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1114 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1118 Perl_gv_fullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1120 gv_fullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1124 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1126 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1129 gv_fullname4(sv, egv, prefix, keepmain);
1133 Perl_gv_efullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1135 gv_efullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1138 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1140 Perl_gv_fullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1142 gv_fullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1145 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1147 Perl_gv_efullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1149 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1158 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
1159 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
1162 /* Clear the stashcache because a new IO could overrule a
1164 hv_clear(PL_stashcache);
1165 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
1166 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1167 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1168 iogv = gv_fetchpv("IO::Handle::", TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
1169 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
1174 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1181 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1183 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1184 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1185 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1186 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1188 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1189 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1191 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1193 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1194 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1197 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1198 * module, don't bother warning */
1200 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1201 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1202 && (instr(file, ":lib:")
1204 && (instr(file, "/lib/")
1206 || instr(file, ".pm")))
1210 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1212 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = file; /* set for warning */
1214 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1216 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
1217 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1218 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1225 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ char *pack)
1227 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1231 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1234 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1241 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1242 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1247 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1248 PL_sub_generation++;
1255 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1259 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1261 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1262 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1263 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1264 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
1265 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
1269 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1270 PL_sub_generation++;
1272 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1273 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1278 if (gp->gp_sv) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1279 if (gp->gp_av) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1281 if (PL_stashcache && HvNAME(gp->gp_hv))
1282 hv_delete(PL_stashcache,
1283 HvNAME(gp->gp_hv), strlen(HvNAME(gp->gp_hv)),
1285 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1287 if (gp->gp_io) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1288 if (gp->gp_cv) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1289 if (gp->gp_form) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1296 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1298 AMT *amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1299 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1301 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1302 CV *cv = amtp->table[i];
1304 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1305 amtp->table[i] = Nullcv;
1312 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1315 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1319 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1320 AMT *amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1323 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1324 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1325 return (bool)AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1326 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1328 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
1331 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1332 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1333 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1337 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1341 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1343 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1344 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1349 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1350 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1351 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1353 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1355 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1356 amt.table[i] = Nullcv;
1357 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1358 char *cooky = (char*)PL_AMG_names[i];
1359 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1360 char *cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1361 STRLEN l = strlen(cooky);
1363 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1364 cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1365 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
1366 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
1367 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
1368 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
1369 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
1370 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
1371 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
1372 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
1373 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0);
1374 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
1375 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1);
1377 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1378 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1379 && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1380 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
1381 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
1382 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1385 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method `%"SVf256\
1386 "' for overloaded `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1387 GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1388 if (!SvPOK(GvSV(gv))
1389 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX(GvSV(gv)),
1392 /* Can be an import stub (created by `can'). */
1393 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
1394 const char *name = SvPOK(gvsv) ? SvPVX(gvsv) : "???";
1395 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method `%.256s' overloading `%s' "\
1396 "in package `%.256s'",
1397 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
1399 name, cp, HvNAME(stash));
1401 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1403 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading `%s' in package `%.256s' via `%.256s::%.256s' \n",
1404 cp, HvNAME(stash), HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1405 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1407 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1409 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
1413 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
1416 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1418 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1419 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1420 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1424 /* Here we have no table: */
1426 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1427 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1428 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1434 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1440 if (!stash || !HvNAME(stash))
1442 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1446 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1448 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1449 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1450 || amtp->was_ok_sub != PL_sub_generation )
1452 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1453 ret = amtp->table[id];
1454 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
1455 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
1456 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
1457 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
1458 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
1459 GV *gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, (char*)PL_AMG_names[id]);
1472 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1476 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1477 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1478 int off=0, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
1479 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0, assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1484 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1485 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1486 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1487 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1488 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1490 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1491 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1497 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1498 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1500 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1503 /* look for substituted methods */
1504 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1508 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1509 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1510 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1515 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1516 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1517 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1521 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1524 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1527 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1530 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1531 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1532 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1538 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1541 SV* tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1542 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1544 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1545 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1547 SV* newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1548 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1549 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
1555 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1556 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1557 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1559 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1560 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1561 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1563 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1564 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1565 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1568 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1579 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1581 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1586 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1588 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1596 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1601 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1602 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1603 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1604 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1605 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1606 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1608 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1611 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1612 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1613 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1614 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1615 /* We look for substitution for
1616 * comparison operations and
1618 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1619 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1620 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1630 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1637 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1639 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1644 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1652 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1655 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1656 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1657 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1658 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1661 if (off==-1) off=method;
1662 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1663 "Operation `%s': no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1664 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
1665 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1667 "in overloaded package ":
1668 "has no overloaded magic",
1670 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1673 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1676 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1678 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1680 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1681 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX(msg)) );
1683 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, msg);
1687 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1692 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
1693 "Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1695 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1697 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1698 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
1699 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1700 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1701 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1702 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1703 stash ? HvNAME(stash) : "null",
1704 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1707 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1708 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1709 * version of copy operator
1711 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1712 * a) Assignment form was called.
1713 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1714 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1715 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1716 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1717 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1719 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1720 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1722 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1723 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1726 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1727 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1729 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1730 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1737 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1740 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1741 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1742 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1743 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1745 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1748 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1749 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1750 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1754 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1755 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1756 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1757 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1759 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),0)));
1764 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1772 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1779 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1782 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1785 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1788 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1791 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1794 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1797 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1799 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1802 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1804 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1806 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1814 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1816 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1818 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1819 created even in rvalue contexts.
1821 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
1822 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
1827 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1834 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "ISA"))
1838 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD"))
1842 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "SIG"))
1845 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
1847 || (len == 4 && strEQ(name, "\017PEN")))
1853 if (len > 1 && strEQ(name, "\025NICODE"))
1855 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1857 || (len == 12 && strEQ(name, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
1889 case '\001': /* $^A */
1890 case '\003': /* $^C */
1891 case '\004': /* $^D */
1892 case '\005': /* $^E */
1893 case '\006': /* $^F */
1894 case '\010': /* $^H */
1895 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1896 case '\014': /* $^L */
1897 case '\016': /* $^N */
1898 case '\020': /* $^P */
1899 case '\023': /* $^S */
1900 case '\026': /* $^V */
1904 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
1905 if (len == 1 || strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1918 char *end = name + len;
1919 while (--end > name) {