3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2001, Larry Wall
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
12 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
13 * you. What more do you want to know?'
14 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
15 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
24 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
26 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
27 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
34 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
36 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
37 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
44 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
46 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
47 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle");
49 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
51 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
60 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
70 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
71 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
74 New(603, tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
75 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
78 strcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name);
79 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
81 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
82 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
84 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
86 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
92 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
95 bool doproto = SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL;
96 char *proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
98 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
107 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
108 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
109 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
110 GvLINE(gv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
111 GvFILE(gv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
114 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
115 GvSTASH(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(stash);
116 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
118 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
120 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
123 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
124 start_subparse(0,0); /* Create CV in compcv. */
125 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
130 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
131 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
132 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
133 CvOWNER(GvCV(gv)) = 0;
134 if (!CvMUTEXP(GvCV(gv))) {
135 New(666, CvMUTEXP(GvCV(gv)), 1, perl_mutex);
136 MUTEX_INIT(CvMUTEXP(GvCV(gv)));
138 #endif /* USE_5005THREADS */
140 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
147 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
163 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
165 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
166 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
167 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
169 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
170 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
171 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
172 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
174 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
175 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
176 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
177 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
178 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
184 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
192 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
194 level = -1; /* probably appropriate */
195 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE)))
199 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
200 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
201 name, HvNAME(stash));
203 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
205 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
210 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
211 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
212 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
213 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
214 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
216 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
218 GvCV(topgv) = cv = Nullcv;
221 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
222 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
225 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
226 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : Nullav;
228 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
229 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
230 char* packname = HvNAME(stash);
231 STRLEN packlen = strlen(packname);
233 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(packname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
237 basestash = gv_stashpvn(packname, packlen, TRUE);
238 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
239 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
240 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
241 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
242 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", HvNAME(stash));
243 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
244 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
245 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
246 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
252 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
253 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
254 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
257 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
259 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
260 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_MISC, "Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA",
261 SvPVX(sv), HvNAME(stash));
264 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
265 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
271 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
273 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
276 if ((lastchance = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE))) {
277 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
278 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
282 * Cache method in topgv if:
283 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
284 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
287 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
289 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
291 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
293 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
294 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
298 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
299 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
300 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
309 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod
311 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
317 Perl_gv_fetchmethod(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name)
319 return gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, name, TRUE);
323 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
325 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
326 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
327 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
330 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
331 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
332 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
333 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
334 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
336 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
337 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
338 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
339 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
340 created via a side effect to do this.
342 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
343 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
344 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
345 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
351 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
353 register const char *nend;
354 const char *nsplit = 0;
357 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
360 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
364 const char *origname = name;
368 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
369 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
370 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
371 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
372 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
373 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
374 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
375 origname, HvNAME(stash), name) );
378 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
379 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, FALSE);
382 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
384 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
385 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
387 gv = gv_autoload4(stash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
391 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
399 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
402 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
403 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
413 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
415 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
416 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
424 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
425 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
427 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
431 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
435 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
437 if (ckWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED) && !method &&
438 (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash))
439 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_DEPRECATED,
440 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
441 HvNAME(stash), (int)len, name);
443 #ifndef USE_5005THREADS
445 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
446 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
447 * and split that value on the last '::',
448 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
451 SvPVX(cv) = (char *)name; /* cast to lose constness warning */
458 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
459 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
460 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
461 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
463 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
464 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, autoload, autolen, TRUE);
467 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
468 sv_lock((SV *)varstash);
471 gv_init(vargv, varstash, autoload, autolen, FALSE);
474 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
477 sv_setpv(varsv, HvNAME(stash));
478 sv_catpvn(varsv, "::", 2);
479 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
480 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
484 /* The "gv" parameter should be the glob known to Perl code as *!
485 * The scalar must already have been magicalized.
488 S_require_errno(pTHX_ GV *gv)
490 HV* stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
492 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
496 save_scalar(gv); /* keep the value of $! */
497 require_pv("Errno.pm");
500 stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
501 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
502 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
507 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
509 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
510 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
511 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
512 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
518 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
520 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
524 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
531 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
534 New(606, tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
535 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
536 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
537 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
538 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
539 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, create, SVt_PVHV);
540 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
545 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
548 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
553 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
555 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
556 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
562 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
567 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
572 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type)
574 register const char *name = nambeg;
578 register const char *namend;
581 if (*name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
584 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
585 if ((*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':')
586 || (*namend == '\'' && namend[1]))
590 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
598 if (len + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
601 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
602 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
606 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
607 gv = gvp ? *gvp : Nullgv;
608 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
609 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
610 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
614 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
616 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
619 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
620 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
623 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
631 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
638 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
641 if (isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
644 if (isUPPER(*name)) {
645 if (*name == 'S' && (
646 strEQ(name, "SIG") ||
647 strEQ(name, "STDIN") ||
648 strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
649 strEQ(name, "STDERR")))
651 else if (*name == 'I' && strEQ(name, "INC"))
653 else if (*name == 'E' && strEQ(name, "ENV"))
655 else if (*name == 'A' && (
656 strEQ(name, "ARGV") ||
657 strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT")))
660 else if (*name == '_' && (!name[1] || strEQ(name,"__ANON__")))
665 else if ((COP*)PL_curcop == &PL_compiling) {
667 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
668 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
669 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
670 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
671 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
672 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && strchr("ab",*name)) )
674 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
676 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
677 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
681 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
682 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
683 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
685 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
686 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
687 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
690 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
696 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
702 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
706 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
707 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
708 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
709 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
710 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
712 stash = PL_nullstash;
718 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
721 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
722 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
725 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
728 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
729 if (*name=='!' && sv_type == SVt_PVHV && len==1)
733 } else if (add & GV_NOINIT) {
737 /* Adding a new symbol */
739 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
740 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INTERNAL, "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
741 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
742 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
744 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
745 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
748 /* set up magic where warranted */
751 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV")) {
752 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
756 if (strnEQ(name, "EXPORT", 6))
760 if (strEQ(name, "ISA")) {
763 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, Nullch, 0);
764 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
765 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
766 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
769 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
770 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
771 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
772 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
773 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
774 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
775 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
776 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
777 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
778 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
783 if (strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD")) {
786 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
790 if (strEQ(name, "SIG")) {
794 Newz(73, PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
795 Newz(73, PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
796 Newz(73, PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
800 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
801 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
803 init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
805 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
813 if (strEQ(name, "VERSION"))
822 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
823 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
824 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
825 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
828 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
834 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),PL_chopset);
840 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
841 (void)SvUPGRADE(GvSV(gv), SVt_PVLV);
849 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm.
850 The require will itself set errno, so in order to
851 preserve its value we have to set up the magic
852 now (rather than going to magicalize)
855 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
857 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV)
866 sv_magic((SV*)av, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
872 if (ckWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED) && len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
873 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_DEPRECATED, "Use of $%s is deprecated", name);
888 case '\001': /* $^A */
889 case '\003': /* $^C */
890 case '\004': /* $^D */
891 case '\006': /* $^F */
892 case '\010': /* $^H */
893 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
894 case '\016': /* $^N */
895 case '\020': /* $^P */
902 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
904 case '\005': /* $^E && $^ENCODING */
905 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\005NCODING"))
909 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
910 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\017PEN"))
913 case '\023': /* $^S */
917 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
920 else if (strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
924 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
925 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\027ARNING_BITS")
926 && strNE(name, "\027IDE_SYSTEM_CALLS"))
935 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
948 /* ensures variable is only digits */
949 /* ${"1foo"} fails this test (and is thus writeable) */
950 /* added by japhy, but borrowed from is_gv_magical */
953 const char *end = name + len;
954 while (--end > name) {
955 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
960 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
962 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
965 case '\014': /* $^L */
968 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
969 PL_formfeed = GvSV(gv);
974 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
979 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVNV);
980 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv,
981 #if defined(PERL_SUBVERSION) && (PERL_SUBVERSION > 0)
987 SvNVX(PL_patchlevel));
988 SvNVX(sv) = SvNVX(PL_patchlevel);
993 case '\026': /* $^V */
996 GvSV(gv) = SvREFCNT_inc(PL_patchlevel);
1005 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1007 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1012 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1013 if (keepmain || strNE(HvNAME(hv), "main")) {
1014 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
1015 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1017 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1021 Perl_gv_fullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1023 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1028 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1029 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
1030 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1031 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1035 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1037 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1040 gv_fullname4(sv, egv, prefix, keepmain);
1044 Perl_gv_efullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1046 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1049 gv_fullname3(sv, egv, prefix);
1052 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1054 Perl_gv_fullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1056 gv_fullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1059 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1061 Perl_gv_efullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1063 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1072 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
1073 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
1076 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
1077 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1078 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1079 iogv = gv_fetchpv("IO::Handle::", TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
1080 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
1085 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1092 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1094 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1095 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1096 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1097 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1099 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1100 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1102 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1104 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1105 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1108 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1109 * module, don't bother warning */
1111 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1112 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1113 && (instr(file, ":lib:")
1115 && (instr(file, "/lib/")
1117 || instr(file, ".pm")))
1121 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1123 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = file; /* set for warning */
1125 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1127 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_ONCE,
1128 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1129 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1136 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ char *pack)
1138 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1142 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1145 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1152 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1153 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1158 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1159 PL_sub_generation++;
1166 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1170 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1172 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1173 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1174 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INTERNAL,
1175 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers");
1179 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1180 PL_sub_generation++;
1182 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1183 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1188 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1189 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1190 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1191 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1192 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1193 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1199 #if defined(CRIPPLED_CC) && (defined(iAPX286) || defined(M_I286) || defined(I80286))
1203 #ifdef MICROPORT /* Microport 2.4 hack */
1207 if (GvGP(gv)->gp_av)
1208 return GvGP(gv)->gp_av;
1210 return GvGP(gv_AVadd(gv))->gp_av;
1216 if (GvGP(gv)->gp_hv)
1217 return GvGP(gv)->gp_hv;
1219 return GvGP(gv_HVadd(gv))->gp_hv;
1221 #endif /* Microport 2.4 hack */
1224 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1226 AMT *amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1227 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1229 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1230 CV *cv = amtp->table[i];
1232 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1233 amtp->table[i] = Nullcv;
1240 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1243 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1247 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1248 AMT *amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1251 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1252 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1253 return AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1254 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1256 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
1259 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1260 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1261 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1265 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1269 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1271 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1272 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1277 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1278 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1279 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1281 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1283 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1284 amt.table[i] = Nullcv;
1285 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1286 char *cooky = (char*)PL_AMG_names[i];
1287 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1288 char *cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1289 STRLEN l = strlen(cooky);
1291 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1292 cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1293 /* don't fill the cache while looking up! */
1294 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, cooky, l, -1);
1296 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1297 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1298 && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1299 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1302 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method `%.256s' for overloaded `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1303 SvPV_nolen(GvSV(gv)), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1304 if (!SvPOK(GvSV(gv))
1305 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX(GvSV(gv)),
1308 /* Can be an import stub (created by `can'). */
1310 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Stub found while resolving method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1311 (SvPOK(GvSV(gv)) ? SvPVX(GvSV(gv)) : "???" ),
1314 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't resolve method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1315 (SvPOK(GvSV(gv)) ? SvPVX(GvSV(gv)) : "???" ),
1318 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1320 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading `%s' in package `%.256s' via `%.256s::%.256s' \n",
1321 cp, HvNAME(stash), HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1322 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1324 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1327 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
1330 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1332 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1333 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1334 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1338 /* Here we have no table: */
1340 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1341 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1342 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1348 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1355 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1359 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1361 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1362 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1363 || amtp->was_ok_sub != PL_sub_generation )
1365 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp))
1366 return amtp->table[id];
1372 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1376 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1377 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1378 int off=0, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
1379 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0, assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1384 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1385 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1386 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1387 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1388 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1390 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1391 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1397 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1398 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1400 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1403 /* look for substituted methods */
1404 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1408 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1409 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1410 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1415 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1416 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1417 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1421 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1424 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1427 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1430 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1431 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1432 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1438 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1441 SV* tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1442 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1444 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1445 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1447 SV* newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1448 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1449 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
1455 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1456 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1457 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1459 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1460 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1461 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1463 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1464 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1465 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1468 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1479 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1481 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1486 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1488 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1496 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1501 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1502 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1503 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1504 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1505 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1506 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1508 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1511 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1512 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1513 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1514 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1515 /* We look for substitution for
1516 * comparison operations and
1518 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1519 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1520 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1530 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1537 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1539 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1544 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1552 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1555 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1556 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1557 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1558 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1561 if (off==-1) off=method;
1562 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1563 "Operation `%s': no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1564 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
1565 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1567 "in overloaded package ":
1568 "has no overloaded magic",
1570 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1573 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1576 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1578 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1580 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1581 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX(msg)) );
1583 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, msg);
1587 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1592 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
1593 "Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1595 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1597 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1598 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
1599 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1600 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1601 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1602 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1603 stash ? HvNAME(stash) : "null",
1604 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1607 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1608 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1609 * version of copy operator
1611 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1612 * a) Assignment form was called.
1613 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1614 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1615 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1616 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1617 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1619 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1620 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1622 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1623 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1626 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1627 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1629 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1630 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1637 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1640 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1641 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1642 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1643 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1645 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1648 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1649 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1650 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1654 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1655 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1656 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1657 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1659 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),0)));
1664 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1672 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1679 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1682 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1685 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1688 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1691 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1694 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1697 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1699 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1702 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1704 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1706 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1714 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1716 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1718 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1719 created even in rvalue contexts.
1721 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
1722 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
1727 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1734 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "ISA"))
1738 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD"))
1742 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "SIG"))
1745 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
1747 || (len == 4 && strEQ(name, "\027PEN")))
1752 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1754 || (len == 12 && strEQ(name, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
1755 || (len == 17 && strEQ(name, "\027IDE_SYSTEM_CALLS")))
1787 case '\001': /* $^A */
1788 case '\003': /* $^C */
1789 case '\004': /* $^D */
1790 case '\005': /* $^E */
1791 case '\006': /* $^F */
1792 case '\010': /* $^H */
1793 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1794 case '\014': /* $^L */
1795 case '\016': /* $^N */
1796 case '\020': /* $^P */
1797 case '\023': /* $^S */
1798 case '\026': /* $^V */
1802 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
1803 if (len == 1 || strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1816 char *end = name + len;
1817 while (--end > name) {