3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2001, Larry Wall
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
12 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
13 * you. What more do you want to know?'
14 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
15 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
24 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
26 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
27 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
34 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
36 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
37 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
44 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
46 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
47 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle");
49 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
51 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
60 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
70 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
71 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
74 New(603, tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
77 strcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name);
78 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
80 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
81 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
83 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
85 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
91 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
94 bool doproto = SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL;
95 char *proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
97 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
106 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
107 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
108 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
109 GvLINE(gv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
110 GvFILE(gv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
113 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
114 GvSTASH(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(stash);
115 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
117 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
119 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
122 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
123 start_subparse(0,0); /* Create CV in compcv. */
124 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
129 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
130 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
131 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
132 CvOWNER(GvCV(gv)) = 0;
133 if (!CvMUTEXP(GvCV(gv))) {
134 New(666, CvMUTEXP(GvCV(gv)), 1, perl_mutex);
135 MUTEX_INIT(CvMUTEXP(GvCV(gv)));
137 #endif /* USE_5005THREADS */
139 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
146 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
162 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
164 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
165 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
166 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
168 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
169 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
170 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
171 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
173 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
174 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
175 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
176 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
177 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
183 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
191 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
193 level = -1; /* probably appropriate */
194 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE)))
198 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
199 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
200 name, HvNAME(stash));
202 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
204 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
209 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
210 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
211 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
212 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
213 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
215 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
217 GvCV(topgv) = cv = Nullcv;
220 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
221 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
224 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
225 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : Nullav;
227 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
228 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
229 char* packname = HvNAME(stash);
230 STRLEN packlen = strlen(packname);
232 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(packname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
236 basestash = gv_stashpvn(packname, packlen, TRUE);
237 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
238 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
239 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
240 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
241 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", HvNAME(stash));
242 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
243 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
244 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
245 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
251 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
252 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
253 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
256 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
258 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
259 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_MISC, "Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA",
260 SvPVX(sv), HvNAME(stash));
263 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
264 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
270 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
272 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
275 if ((lastchance = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE))) {
276 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
277 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
281 * Cache method in topgv if:
282 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
283 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
286 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
288 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
290 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
292 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
293 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
297 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
298 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
299 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
308 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod
310 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
316 Perl_gv_fetchmethod(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name)
318 return gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, name, TRUE);
322 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
324 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
325 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
326 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
329 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
330 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
331 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
332 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
333 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
335 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
336 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
337 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
338 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
339 created via a side effect to do this.
341 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
342 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
343 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
344 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
350 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
352 register const char *nend;
353 const char *nsplit = 0;
356 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
359 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
363 const char *origname = name;
367 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
368 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
369 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
370 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
371 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
372 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
373 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
374 origname, HvNAME(stash), name) );
377 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
378 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, FALSE);
381 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
383 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
384 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
386 gv = gv_autoload4(stash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
390 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
398 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
401 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
402 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
412 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
414 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
415 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
423 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
424 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
426 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
430 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
434 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
436 if (ckWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED) && !method &&
437 (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash))
438 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_DEPRECATED,
439 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
440 HvNAME(stash), (int)len, name);
442 #ifndef USE_5005THREADS
444 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
445 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
446 * and split that value on the last '::',
447 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
450 SvPVX(cv) = (char *)name; /* cast to lose constness warning */
457 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
458 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
459 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
460 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
462 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
463 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, autoload, autolen, TRUE);
466 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
467 sv_lock((SV *)varstash);
470 gv_init(vargv, varstash, autoload, autolen, FALSE);
473 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
476 sv_setpv(varsv, HvNAME(stash));
477 sv_catpvn(varsv, "::", 2);
478 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
479 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
483 /* The "gv" parameter should be the glob known to Perl code as *!
484 * The scalar must already have been magicalized.
487 S_require_errno(pTHX_ GV *gv)
489 HV* stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
491 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
495 save_scalar(gv); /* keep the value of $! */
496 require_pv("Errno.pm");
499 stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
500 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
501 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
506 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
508 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
509 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
510 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
511 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
517 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
519 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
523 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
530 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
533 New(606, tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
534 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
535 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
536 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
537 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
538 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, create, SVt_PVHV);
539 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
544 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
547 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
552 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
554 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
555 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
561 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
566 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
571 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type)
573 register const char *name = nambeg;
577 register const char *namend;
580 if (*name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
583 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
584 if ((*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':')
585 || (*namend == '\'' && namend[1]))
589 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
597 if (len + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
600 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
601 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
605 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
606 gv = gvp ? *gvp : Nullgv;
607 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
608 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
609 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
613 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
615 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
618 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
619 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
622 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
630 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
637 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
640 if (isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
643 if (isUPPER(*name)) {
644 if (*name == 'S' && (
645 strEQ(name, "SIG") ||
646 strEQ(name, "STDIN") ||
647 strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
648 strEQ(name, "STDERR")))
650 else if (*name == 'I' && strEQ(name, "INC"))
652 else if (*name == 'E' && strEQ(name, "ENV"))
654 else if (*name == 'A' && (
655 strEQ(name, "ARGV") ||
656 strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT")))
659 else if (*name == '_' && (!name[1] || strEQ(name,"__ANON__")))
664 else if ((COP*)PL_curcop == &PL_compiling) {
666 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
667 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
668 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
669 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
670 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
671 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && strchr("ab",*name)) )
673 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
675 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
676 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
680 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
681 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
682 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
684 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
685 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
686 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
689 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
695 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
701 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
705 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
706 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
707 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
708 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
709 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
711 stash = PL_nullstash;
717 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
720 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
721 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
724 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
727 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
728 if (*name=='!' && sv_type == SVt_PVHV && len==1)
732 } else if (add & GV_NOINIT) {
736 /* Adding a new symbol */
738 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
739 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INTERNAL, "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
740 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
741 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
743 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
744 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
747 /* set up magic where warranted */
750 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV")) {
751 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
755 if (strnEQ(name, "EXPORT", 6))
759 if (strEQ(name, "ISA")) {
762 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, Nullch, 0);
763 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
764 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
765 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
768 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
769 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
770 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
771 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
772 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
773 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
774 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
775 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
776 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
777 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
782 if (strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD")) {
785 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
789 if (strEQ(name, "SIG")) {
793 Newz(73, PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
794 Newz(73, PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
795 Newz(73, PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
799 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
800 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
802 init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
804 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
812 if (strEQ(name, "VERSION"))
821 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
822 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
823 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
824 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
827 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
833 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),PL_chopset);
839 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
840 (void)SvUPGRADE(GvSV(gv), SVt_PVLV);
848 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm.
849 The require will itself set errno, so in order to
850 preserve its value we have to set up the magic
851 now (rather than going to magicalize)
854 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
856 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV)
865 sv_magic((SV*)av, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
871 if (ckWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED) && len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
872 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_DEPRECATED, "Use of $%s is deprecated", name);
887 case '\001': /* $^A */
888 case '\003': /* $^C */
889 case '\004': /* $^D */
890 case '\005': /* $^E */
891 case '\006': /* $^F */
892 case '\010': /* $^H */
893 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
894 case '\016': /* $^N */
895 case '\020': /* $^P */
902 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
904 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
905 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\017PEN"))
908 case '\023': /* $^S */
912 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
915 else if (strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
919 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
920 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\027ARNING_BITS")
921 && strNE(name, "\027IDE_SYSTEM_CALLS"))
930 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
943 /* ensures variable is only digits */
944 /* ${"1foo"} fails this test (and is thus writeable) */
945 /* added by japhy, but borrowed from is_gv_magical */
948 const char *end = name + len;
949 while (--end > name) {
950 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
955 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
957 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
960 case '\014': /* $^L */
963 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
964 PL_formfeed = GvSV(gv);
969 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
974 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVNV);
975 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv,
976 #if defined(PERL_SUBVERSION) && (PERL_SUBVERSION > 0)
982 SvNVX(PL_patchlevel));
983 SvNVX(sv) = SvNVX(PL_patchlevel);
988 case '\026': /* $^V */
991 GvSV(gv) = SvREFCNT_inc(PL_patchlevel);
1000 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1002 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1007 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1008 if (keepmain || strNE(HvNAME(hv), "main")) {
1009 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
1010 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1012 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1016 Perl_gv_fullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1018 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1023 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1024 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
1025 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1026 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1030 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1032 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1035 gv_fullname4(sv, egv, prefix, keepmain);
1039 Perl_gv_efullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1041 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1044 gv_fullname3(sv, egv, prefix);
1047 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1049 Perl_gv_fullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1051 gv_fullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1054 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1056 Perl_gv_efullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1058 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1067 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
1068 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
1071 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
1072 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1073 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1074 iogv = gv_fetchpv("IO::Handle::", TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
1075 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
1080 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1087 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1089 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1090 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1091 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1092 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1094 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1095 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1097 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1099 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1100 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1103 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1104 * module, don't bother warning */
1106 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1107 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1108 && (instr(file, ":lib:")
1110 && (instr(file, "/lib/")
1112 || instr(file, ".pm")))
1116 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1118 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = file; /* set for warning */
1120 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1122 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_ONCE,
1123 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1124 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1131 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ char *pack)
1133 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1137 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1140 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1147 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1148 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1153 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1154 PL_sub_generation++;
1161 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1165 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1167 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1168 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1169 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INTERNAL,
1170 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers");
1174 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1175 PL_sub_generation++;
1177 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1178 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1183 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1184 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1185 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1186 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1187 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1188 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1194 #if defined(CRIPPLED_CC) && (defined(iAPX286) || defined(M_I286) || defined(I80286))
1198 #ifdef MICROPORT /* Microport 2.4 hack */
1202 if (GvGP(gv)->gp_av)
1203 return GvGP(gv)->gp_av;
1205 return GvGP(gv_AVadd(gv))->gp_av;
1211 if (GvGP(gv)->gp_hv)
1212 return GvGP(gv)->gp_hv;
1214 return GvGP(gv_HVadd(gv))->gp_hv;
1216 #endif /* Microport 2.4 hack */
1219 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1221 AMT *amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1222 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1224 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1225 CV *cv = amtp->table[i];
1227 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1228 amtp->table[i] = Nullcv;
1235 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1238 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1242 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1243 AMT *amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1246 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1247 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1248 return AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1249 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1251 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
1254 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1255 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1256 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1260 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1264 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1266 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1267 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1272 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1273 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1274 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1276 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1278 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1279 amt.table[i] = Nullcv;
1280 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1281 char *cooky = (char*)PL_AMG_names[i];
1282 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1283 char *cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1284 STRLEN l = strlen(cooky);
1286 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1287 cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1288 /* don't fill the cache while looking up! */
1289 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, cooky, l, -1);
1291 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1292 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1293 && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1294 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1297 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method `%.256s' for overloaded `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1298 SvPV_nolen(GvSV(gv)), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1299 if (!SvPOK(GvSV(gv))
1300 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX(GvSV(gv)),
1303 /* Can be an import stub (created by `can'). */
1305 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Stub found while resolving method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1306 (SvPOK(GvSV(gv)) ? SvPVX(GvSV(gv)) : "???" ),
1309 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't resolve method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1310 (SvPOK(GvSV(gv)) ? SvPVX(GvSV(gv)) : "???" ),
1313 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1315 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading `%s' in package `%.256s' via `%.256s::%.256s' \n",
1316 cp, HvNAME(stash), HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1317 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1319 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1322 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
1325 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1327 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1328 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1329 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1333 /* Here we have no table: */
1335 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1336 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1337 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1343 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1350 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1354 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1356 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1357 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1358 || amtp->was_ok_sub != PL_sub_generation )
1360 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp))
1361 return amtp->table[id];
1367 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1371 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1372 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1373 int off=0, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
1374 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0, assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1379 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1380 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1381 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1382 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1383 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1385 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1386 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1392 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1393 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1395 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1398 /* look for substituted methods */
1399 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1403 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1404 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1405 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1410 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1411 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1412 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1416 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1419 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1422 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1425 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1426 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1427 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1433 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1436 SV* tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1437 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1439 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1440 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1442 SV* newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1443 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1444 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
1450 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1451 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1452 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1454 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1455 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1456 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1458 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1459 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1460 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1463 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1474 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1476 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1481 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1483 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1491 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1496 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1497 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1498 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1499 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1500 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1501 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1503 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1506 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1507 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1508 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1509 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1510 /* We look for substitution for
1511 * comparison operations and
1513 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1514 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1515 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1525 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1532 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1534 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1539 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1547 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1550 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1551 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1552 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1553 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1556 if (off==-1) off=method;
1557 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1558 "Operation `%s': no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1559 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
1560 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1562 "in overloaded package ":
1563 "has no overloaded magic",
1565 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1568 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1571 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1573 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1575 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1576 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX(msg)) );
1578 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, msg);
1582 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1587 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
1588 "Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1590 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1592 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1593 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
1594 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1595 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1596 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1597 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1598 stash ? HvNAME(stash) : "null",
1599 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1602 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1603 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1604 * version of copy operator
1606 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1607 * a) Assignment form was called.
1608 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1609 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1610 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1611 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1612 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1614 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1615 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1617 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1618 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1621 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1622 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1624 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1625 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1632 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1635 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1636 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1637 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1638 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1640 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1643 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1644 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1645 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1649 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1650 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1651 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1652 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1654 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),0)));
1659 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1667 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1674 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1677 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1680 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1683 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1686 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1689 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1692 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1694 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1697 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1699 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1701 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1709 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1711 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1713 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1714 created even in rvalue contexts.
1716 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
1717 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
1722 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1729 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "ISA"))
1733 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD"))
1737 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "SIG"))
1740 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
1742 || (len == 4 && strEQ(name, "\027PEN")))
1747 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1749 || (len == 12 && strEQ(name, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
1750 || (len == 17 && strEQ(name, "\027IDE_SYSTEM_CALLS")))
1782 case '\001': /* $^A */
1783 case '\003': /* $^C */
1784 case '\004': /* $^D */
1785 case '\005': /* $^E */
1786 case '\006': /* $^F */
1787 case '\010': /* $^H */
1788 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1789 case '\014': /* $^L */
1790 case '\016': /* $^N */
1791 case '\020': /* $^P */
1792 case '\023': /* $^S */
1793 case '\026': /* $^V */
1797 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
1798 if (len == 1 || strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1811 char *end = name + len;
1812 while (--end > name) {