3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2002, Larry Wall
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
12 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
13 * you. What more do you want to know?'
14 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
15 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
28 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
30 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
31 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
38 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
40 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
41 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
48 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
50 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
51 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle");
53 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
55 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
64 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
74 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
75 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
78 New(603, tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
79 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
82 strcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name);
83 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
85 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
86 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
88 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
90 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
96 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
99 bool doproto = SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL;
100 char *proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
102 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
111 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
112 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
113 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
114 GvLINE(gv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
115 GvFILE(gv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
118 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
119 GvSTASH(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(stash);
120 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
122 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
124 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
127 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
128 start_subparse(0,0); /* Create CV in compcv. */
129 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
134 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
135 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
137 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
144 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
160 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
162 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
163 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
164 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
166 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
167 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
168 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
169 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
171 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
172 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
173 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
174 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
175 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
181 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
189 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
191 level = -1; /* probably appropriate */
192 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE)))
196 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
197 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
198 name, HvNAME(stash));
200 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
202 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
207 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
208 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
209 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
210 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
211 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
213 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
215 GvCV(topgv) = cv = Nullcv;
218 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
219 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
222 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
223 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : Nullav;
225 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
226 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
227 char* packname = HvNAME(stash);
228 STRLEN packlen = strlen(packname);
230 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(packname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
234 basestash = gv_stashpvn(packname, packlen, TRUE);
235 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
236 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
237 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
238 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
239 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", HvNAME(stash));
240 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
241 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
242 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
243 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
249 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
250 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
251 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
254 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
256 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
257 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA",
258 SvPVX(sv), HvNAME(stash));
261 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
262 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
268 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
270 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
273 if ((lastchance = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE))) {
274 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
275 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
279 * Cache method in topgv if:
280 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
281 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
284 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
286 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
288 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
290 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
291 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
295 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
296 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
297 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
306 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
308 Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
309 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
311 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
312 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
313 of the result may be zero.
319 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
321 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level);
324 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
325 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
330 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
331 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
333 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
336 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
338 /* Have an autoload */
339 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
340 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, 0);
341 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
350 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod
352 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
358 Perl_gv_fetchmethod(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name)
360 return gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, name, TRUE);
364 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
366 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
367 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
368 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
371 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
372 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
373 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
374 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
375 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
377 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
378 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
379 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
380 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
381 created via a side effect to do this.
383 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
384 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
385 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
386 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
392 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
394 register const char *nend;
395 const char *nsplit = 0;
398 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
401 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
405 const char *origname = name;
409 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
410 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
411 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
412 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
413 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
414 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
415 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
416 origname, HvNAME(stash), name) );
419 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
420 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, FALSE);
422 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
423 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
424 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
425 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
426 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, FALSE))
427 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, TRUE);
431 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
433 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
434 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
436 gv = gv_autoload4(stash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
440 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
448 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
451 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
452 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
462 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
464 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
465 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
473 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
474 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
476 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
480 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
484 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
486 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && !method &&
487 (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash))
488 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
489 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
490 HvNAME(stash), (int)len, name);
493 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
494 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
495 * and split that value on the last '::',
496 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
499 SvPVX(cv) = (char *)name; /* cast to lose constness warning */
505 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
506 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
507 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
508 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
510 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
511 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, autoload, autolen, TRUE);
515 gv_init(vargv, varstash, autoload, autolen, FALSE);
518 sv_setpv(varsv, HvNAME(stash));
519 sv_catpvn(varsv, "::", 2);
520 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
521 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
525 /* The "gv" parameter should be the glob known to Perl code as *!
526 * The scalar must already have been magicalized.
529 S_require_errno(pTHX_ GV *gv)
531 HV* stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
533 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
537 save_scalar(gv); /* keep the value of $! */
538 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
539 newSVpvn("Errno",5), Nullsv);
542 stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
543 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
544 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
549 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
551 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
552 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
553 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
554 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
560 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
562 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
566 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
573 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
576 New(606, tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
577 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
578 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
579 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
580 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
581 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, create, SVt_PVHV);
582 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
587 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
590 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
595 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
597 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
598 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
604 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
609 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
614 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type)
616 register const char *name = nambeg;
620 register const char *namend;
623 if (*name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
626 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
627 if ((*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':')
628 || (*namend == '\'' && namend[1]))
632 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
640 if (len + 3 < sizeof (smallbuf))
643 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
644 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
648 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
649 gv = gvp ? *gvp : Nullgv;
650 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
651 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
652 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
656 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
658 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
661 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
662 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
665 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
673 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
680 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
683 if (isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
686 if (isUPPER(*name)) {
687 if (*name == 'S' && (
688 strEQ(name, "SIG") ||
689 strEQ(name, "STDIN") ||
690 strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
691 strEQ(name, "STDERR")))
693 else if (*name == 'I' && strEQ(name, "INC"))
695 else if (*name == 'E' && strEQ(name, "ENV"))
697 else if (*name == 'A' && (
698 strEQ(name, "ARGV") ||
699 strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT")))
702 else if (*name == '_' && !name[1])
707 else if ((COP*)PL_curcop == &PL_compiling) {
709 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
710 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
711 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
712 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
713 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
714 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && strchr("ab",*name)) )
716 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
718 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
719 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
723 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
724 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
725 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
727 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
728 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
729 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
732 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
738 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
744 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
748 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
749 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
750 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
751 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
752 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
758 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
761 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
762 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
765 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
768 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
769 if (*name=='!' && sv_type == SVt_PVHV && len==1)
773 } else if (add & GV_NOINIT) {
777 /* Adding a new symbol */
779 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
780 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
781 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
782 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
784 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
785 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
788 /* set up magic where warranted */
791 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV")) {
792 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
796 if (strnEQ(name, "EXPORT", 6))
800 if (strEQ(name, "ISA")) {
803 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, Nullch, 0);
804 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
805 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
806 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
809 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
810 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
811 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
812 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
813 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
814 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
815 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
816 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
817 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
818 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
823 if (strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD")) {
826 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
830 if (strEQ(name, "SIG")) {
834 Newz(73, PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
835 Newz(73, PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
836 Newz(73, PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
840 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
841 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
843 init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
845 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
853 if (strEQ(name, "VERSION"))
862 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
863 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
864 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
865 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
868 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
874 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),PL_chopset);
880 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
881 (void)SvUPGRADE(GvSV(gv), SVt_PVLV);
889 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm.
890 The require will itself set errno, so in order to
891 preserve its value we have to set up the magic
892 now (rather than going to magicalize)
895 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
897 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV)
906 sv_magic((SV*)av, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
912 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
913 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX), "Use of $%s is deprecated", name);
928 case '\001': /* $^A */
929 case '\003': /* $^C */
930 case '\004': /* $^D */
931 case '\006': /* $^F */
932 case '\010': /* $^H */
933 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
934 case '\016': /* $^N */
935 case '\020': /* $^P */
942 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
944 case '\005': /* $^E && $^ENCODING */
945 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\005NCODING"))
949 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
950 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\017PEN"))
953 case '\023': /* $^S */
957 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
960 else if (strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
964 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
965 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\027ARNING_BITS")
966 && strNE(name, "\027IDE_SYSTEM_CALLS"))
975 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
988 /* ensures variable is only digits */
989 /* ${"1foo"} fails this test (and is thus writeable) */
990 /* added by japhy, but borrowed from is_gv_magical */
993 const char *end = name + len;
994 while (--end > name) {
995 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
1000 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1002 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1005 case '\014': /* $^L */
1008 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
1009 PL_formfeed = GvSV(gv);
1014 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
1019 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVNV);
1020 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv,
1021 #if defined(PERL_SUBVERSION) && (PERL_SUBVERSION > 0)
1027 SvNVX(PL_patchlevel));
1028 SvNVX(sv) = SvNVX(PL_patchlevel);
1033 case '\026': /* $^V */
1036 GvSV(gv) = SvREFCNT_inc(PL_patchlevel);
1045 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1047 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1052 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1053 if (keepmain || strNE(HvNAME(hv), "main")) {
1054 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
1055 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1057 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1061 Perl_gv_fullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1063 gv_fullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1067 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1069 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1072 gv_fullname4(sv, egv, prefix, keepmain);
1076 Perl_gv_efullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1078 gv_efullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1081 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1083 Perl_gv_fullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1085 gv_fullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1088 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1090 Perl_gv_efullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1092 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1101 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
1102 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
1105 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
1106 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1107 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1108 iogv = gv_fetchpv("IO::Handle::", TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
1109 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
1114 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1121 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1123 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1124 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1125 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1126 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1128 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1129 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1131 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1133 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1134 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1137 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1138 * module, don't bother warning */
1140 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1141 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1142 && (instr(file, ":lib:")
1144 && (instr(file, "/lib/")
1146 || instr(file, ".pm")))
1150 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1152 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = file; /* set for warning */
1154 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1156 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
1157 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1158 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1165 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ char *pack)
1167 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1171 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1174 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1181 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1182 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1187 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1188 PL_sub_generation++;
1195 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1199 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1201 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1202 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1203 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1204 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers");
1208 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1209 PL_sub_generation++;
1211 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1212 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1217 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1218 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1219 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1220 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1221 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1222 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1229 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1231 AMT *amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1232 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1234 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1235 CV *cv = amtp->table[i];
1237 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1238 amtp->table[i] = Nullcv;
1245 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1248 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1252 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1253 AMT *amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1256 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1257 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1258 return (bool)AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1259 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1261 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
1264 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1265 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1266 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1270 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1274 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1276 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1277 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1282 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1283 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1284 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1286 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1288 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1289 amt.table[i] = Nullcv;
1290 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1291 char *cooky = (char*)PL_AMG_names[i];
1292 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1293 char *cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1294 STRLEN l = strlen(cooky);
1296 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1297 cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1298 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
1299 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
1300 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
1301 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
1302 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
1303 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
1304 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
1305 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
1306 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0);
1307 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
1308 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1);
1310 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1311 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1312 && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1313 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
1314 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
1315 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1318 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method `%.256s' for overloaded `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1319 SvPV_nolen(GvSV(gv)), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1320 if (!SvPOK(GvSV(gv))
1321 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX(GvSV(gv)),
1324 /* Can be an import stub (created by `can'). */
1326 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Stub found while resolving method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1327 (SvPOK(GvSV(gv)) ? SvPVX(GvSV(gv)) : "???" ),
1330 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't resolve method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1331 (SvPOK(GvSV(gv)) ? SvPVX(GvSV(gv)) : "???" ),
1334 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1336 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading `%s' in package `%.256s' via `%.256s::%.256s' \n",
1337 cp, HvNAME(stash), HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1338 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1340 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1342 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
1346 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
1349 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1351 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1352 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1353 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1357 /* Here we have no table: */
1359 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1360 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1361 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1367 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1375 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1379 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1381 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1382 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1383 || amtp->was_ok_sub != PL_sub_generation )
1385 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1386 ret = amtp->table[id];
1387 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
1388 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
1389 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
1390 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
1391 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
1392 GV *gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, (char*)PL_AMG_names[id]);
1405 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1409 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1410 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1411 int off=0, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
1412 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0, assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1417 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1418 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1419 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1420 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1421 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1423 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1424 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1430 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1431 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1433 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1436 /* look for substituted methods */
1437 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1441 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1442 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1443 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1448 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1449 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1450 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1454 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1457 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1460 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1463 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1464 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1465 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1471 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1474 SV* tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1475 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1477 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1478 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1480 SV* newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1481 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1482 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
1488 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1489 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1490 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1492 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1493 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1494 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1496 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1497 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1498 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1501 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1512 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1514 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1519 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1521 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1529 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1534 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1535 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1536 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1537 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1538 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1539 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1541 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1544 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1545 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1546 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1547 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1548 /* We look for substitution for
1549 * comparison operations and
1551 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1552 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1553 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1563 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1570 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1572 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1577 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1585 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1588 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1589 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1590 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1591 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1594 if (off==-1) off=method;
1595 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1596 "Operation `%s': no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1597 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
1598 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1600 "in overloaded package ":
1601 "has no overloaded magic",
1603 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1606 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1609 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1611 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1613 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1614 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX(msg)) );
1616 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, msg);
1620 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1625 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
1626 "Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1628 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1630 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1631 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
1632 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1633 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1634 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1635 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1636 stash ? HvNAME(stash) : "null",
1637 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1640 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1641 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1642 * version of copy operator
1644 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1645 * a) Assignment form was called.
1646 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1647 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1648 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1649 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1650 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1652 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1653 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1655 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1656 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1659 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1660 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1662 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1663 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1670 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1673 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1674 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1675 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1676 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1678 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1681 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1682 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1683 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1687 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1688 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1689 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1690 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1692 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),0)));
1697 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1705 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1712 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1715 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1718 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1721 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1724 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1727 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1730 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1732 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1735 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1737 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1739 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1747 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1749 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1751 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1752 created even in rvalue contexts.
1754 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
1755 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
1760 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1767 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "ISA"))
1771 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD"))
1775 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "SIG"))
1778 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
1780 || (len == 4 && strEQ(name, "\017PEN")))
1785 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1787 || (len == 12 && strEQ(name, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
1788 || (len == 17 && strEQ(name, "\027IDE_SYSTEM_CALLS")))
1820 case '\001': /* $^A */
1821 case '\003': /* $^C */
1822 case '\004': /* $^D */
1823 case '\005': /* $^E */
1824 case '\006': /* $^F */
1825 case '\010': /* $^H */
1826 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1827 case '\014': /* $^L */
1828 case '\016': /* $^N */
1829 case '\020': /* $^P */
1830 case '\023': /* $^S */
1831 case '\026': /* $^V */
1835 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
1836 if (len == 1 || strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1849 char *end = name + len;
1850 while (--end > name) {