3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2003, Larry Wall
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
12 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
13 * you. What more do you want to know?'
14 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
15 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
28 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
30 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
31 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
38 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
40 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
41 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
48 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
50 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
51 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle");
53 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
55 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
64 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
74 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
75 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
78 New(603, tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
79 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
82 strcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name);
83 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
85 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
86 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
88 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
90 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
96 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
99 bool doproto = SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL;
100 char *proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
102 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
111 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
112 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
113 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
114 GvLINE(gv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
115 GvFILE(gv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
118 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
119 GvSTASH(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(stash);
120 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
122 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
124 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
127 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
128 start_subparse(0,0); /* Create CV in compcv. */
129 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
134 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
135 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
137 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
144 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
160 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
162 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
163 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
164 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
166 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
167 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
168 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
169 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
171 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
172 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
173 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
174 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
175 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
181 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
189 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
191 level = -1; /* probably appropriate */
192 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE)))
196 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
197 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
198 name, HvNAME(stash));
200 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
202 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
207 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
208 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
209 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
210 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
211 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
213 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
215 GvCV(topgv) = cv = Nullcv;
218 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
219 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
222 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
223 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : Nullav;
225 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
226 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
227 char* packname = HvNAME(stash);
228 STRLEN packlen = strlen(packname);
230 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(packname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
234 basestash = gv_stashpvn(packname, packlen, TRUE);
235 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
236 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
237 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
238 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
239 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", HvNAME(stash));
240 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
241 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
242 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
243 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
249 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
250 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
251 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
254 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
256 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
257 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%s::ISA",
261 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
262 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
268 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
270 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
273 if ((lastchance = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE))) {
274 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
275 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
279 * Cache method in topgv if:
280 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
281 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
284 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
286 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
288 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
290 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
291 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
295 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
296 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
297 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
306 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
308 Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
309 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
311 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
312 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
313 of the result may be zero.
319 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
321 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level);
324 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
325 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
330 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
331 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
333 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
336 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
338 /* Have an autoload */
339 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
340 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, 0);
341 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
350 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod
352 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
358 Perl_gv_fetchmethod(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name)
360 return gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, name, TRUE);
364 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
366 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
367 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
368 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
371 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
372 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
373 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
374 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
375 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
377 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
378 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
379 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
380 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
381 created via a side effect to do this.
383 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
384 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
385 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
386 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
392 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
394 register const char *nend;
395 const char *nsplit = 0;
399 if (stash && SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
402 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
405 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
409 const char *origname = name;
413 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
414 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
415 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
416 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
417 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
418 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
419 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
420 origname, HvNAME(stash), name) );
423 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
424 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, FALSE);
426 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
427 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
428 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
429 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
430 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, FALSE))
431 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, TRUE);
436 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
438 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
439 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
441 gv = gv_autoload4(ostash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
445 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
453 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
456 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
457 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
467 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
469 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
470 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
478 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
481 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
482 packname = SvPV_nolen((SV*)stash);
486 packname = HvNAME(stash);
489 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
493 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
497 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
499 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && !method &&
500 (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash))
501 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
502 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
503 packname, (int)len, name);
506 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
507 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
508 * and split that value on the last '::',
509 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
512 SvPVX(cv) = (char *)name; /* cast to lose constness warning */
518 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
519 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
520 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
521 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
523 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
524 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, autoload, autolen, TRUE);
528 gv_init(vargv, varstash, autoload, autolen, FALSE);
531 sv_setpv(varsv, packname);
532 sv_catpvn(varsv, "::", 2);
533 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
534 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
538 /* The "gv" parameter should be the glob known to Perl code as *!
539 * The scalar must already have been magicalized.
542 S_require_errno(pTHX_ GV *gv)
544 HV* stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
546 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
550 save_scalar(gv); /* keep the value of $! */
551 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
552 newSVpvn("Errno",5), Nullsv);
555 stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
556 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
557 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
562 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
564 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
565 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
566 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
567 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
573 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
575 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
579 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
586 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
589 New(606, tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
590 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
591 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
592 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
593 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
594 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, create, SVt_PVHV);
595 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
600 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
603 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
608 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
610 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
611 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
617 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
622 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
627 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type)
629 register const char *name = nambeg;
633 register const char *namend;
636 if (*name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
639 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
640 if ((*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':')
641 || (*namend == '\'' && namend[1]))
645 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
653 if (len + 3 < sizeof (smallbuf))
656 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
657 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
661 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
662 gv = gvp ? *gvp : Nullgv;
663 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
664 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
665 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
669 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
671 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
674 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
675 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
678 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
686 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
693 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
696 if (isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
699 if (isUPPER(*name)) {
700 if (*name == 'S' && (
701 strEQ(name, "SIG") ||
702 strEQ(name, "STDIN") ||
703 strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
704 strEQ(name, "STDERR")))
706 else if (*name == 'I' && strEQ(name, "INC"))
708 else if (*name == 'E' && strEQ(name, "ENV"))
710 else if (*name == 'A' && (
711 strEQ(name, "ARGV") ||
712 strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT")))
715 else if (*name == '_' && !name[1])
720 else if ((COP*)PL_curcop == &PL_compiling) {
722 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
723 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
724 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
725 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
726 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
727 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && strchr("ab",*name)) )
729 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
731 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
732 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
736 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
737 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
738 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
740 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
741 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
742 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
745 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
751 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
757 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
761 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
762 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
763 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
764 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
765 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
767 stash = GvHV(gv_fetchpv("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV));
773 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
776 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
777 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
780 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
783 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
784 if (*name=='!' && sv_type == SVt_PVHV && len==1)
788 } else if (add & GV_NOINIT) {
792 /* Adding a new symbol */
794 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
795 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
796 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
797 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
799 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
800 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
803 /* set up magic where warranted */
806 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV")) {
807 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
811 if (strnEQ(name, "EXPORT", 6))
815 if (strEQ(name, "ISA")) {
818 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, Nullch, 0);
819 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
820 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
821 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
824 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
825 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
826 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
827 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
828 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
829 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
830 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
831 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
832 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
833 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
838 if (strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD")) {
841 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
845 if (strEQ(name, "SIG")) {
849 Newz(73, PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
850 Newz(73, PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
851 Newz(73, PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
855 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
856 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
858 init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
860 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
868 if (strEQ(name, "VERSION"))
877 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
878 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
879 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
880 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
883 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
889 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),PL_chopset);
895 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
896 (void)SvUPGRADE(GvSV(gv), SVt_PVLV);
904 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm.
905 The require will itself set errno, so in order to
906 preserve its value we have to set up the magic
907 now (rather than going to magicalize)
910 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
912 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV)
921 sv_magic((SV*)av, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
927 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
928 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX), "Use of $%s is deprecated", name);
943 case '\001': /* $^A */
944 case '\003': /* $^C */
945 case '\004': /* $^D */
946 case '\006': /* $^F */
947 case '\010': /* $^H */
948 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
949 case '\016': /* $^N */
950 case '\020': /* $^P */
957 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
959 case '\005': /* $^E && $^ENCODING */
960 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\005NCODING"))
964 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
965 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\017PEN"))
968 case '\023': /* $^S */
972 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
975 else if (strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
980 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\025NICODE"))
984 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
986 && strNE(name, "\027ARNING_BITS")
996 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
1009 /* ensures variable is only digits */
1010 /* ${"1foo"} fails this test (and is thus writeable) */
1011 /* added by japhy, but borrowed from is_gv_magical */
1014 const char *end = name + len;
1015 while (--end > name) {
1016 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
1021 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1023 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1026 case '\014': /* $^L */
1029 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
1030 PL_formfeed = GvSV(gv);
1035 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
1040 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVNV);
1041 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv,
1042 #if defined(PERL_SUBVERSION) && (PERL_SUBVERSION > 0)
1048 SvNVX(PL_patchlevel));
1049 SvNVX(sv) = SvNVX(PL_patchlevel);
1054 case '\026': /* $^V */
1057 GvSV(gv) = SvREFCNT_inc(PL_patchlevel);
1066 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1068 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1073 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1074 if (keepmain || strNE(HvNAME(hv), "main")) {
1075 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
1076 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1078 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1082 Perl_gv_fullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1084 gv_fullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1088 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1090 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1093 gv_fullname4(sv, egv, prefix, keepmain);
1097 Perl_gv_efullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1099 gv_efullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1102 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1104 Perl_gv_fullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1106 gv_fullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1109 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1111 Perl_gv_efullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1113 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1122 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
1123 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
1126 /* Clear the stashcache because a new IO could overrule a
1128 hv_clear(PL_stashcache);
1129 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
1130 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1131 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1132 iogv = gv_fetchpv("IO::Handle::", TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
1133 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
1138 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1145 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1147 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1148 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1149 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1150 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1152 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1153 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1155 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1157 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1158 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1161 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1162 * module, don't bother warning */
1164 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1165 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1166 && (instr(file, ":lib:")
1168 && (instr(file, "/lib/")
1170 || instr(file, ".pm")))
1174 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1176 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = file; /* set for warning */
1178 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1180 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
1181 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1182 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1189 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ char *pack)
1191 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1195 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1198 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1205 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1206 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1211 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1212 PL_sub_generation++;
1219 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1223 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1225 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1226 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1227 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1228 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers");
1232 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1233 PL_sub_generation++;
1235 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1236 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1241 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1242 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1243 if(gp->gp_hv && HvNAME(gp->gp_hv) && PL_stashcache)
1244 hv_delete(PL_stashcache, HvNAME(gp->gp_hv), strlen(HvNAME(gp->gp_hv)), G_DISCARD);
1245 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1246 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1247 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1248 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1255 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1257 AMT *amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1258 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1260 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1261 CV *cv = amtp->table[i];
1263 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1264 amtp->table[i] = Nullcv;
1271 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1274 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1278 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1279 AMT *amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1282 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1283 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1284 return (bool)AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1285 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1287 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
1290 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1291 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1292 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1296 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1300 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1302 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1303 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1308 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1309 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1310 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1312 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1314 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1315 amt.table[i] = Nullcv;
1316 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1317 char *cooky = (char*)PL_AMG_names[i];
1318 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1319 char *cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1320 STRLEN l = strlen(cooky);
1322 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1323 cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1324 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
1325 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
1326 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
1327 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
1328 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
1329 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
1330 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
1331 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
1332 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0);
1333 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
1334 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1);
1336 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1337 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1338 && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1339 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
1340 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
1341 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1344 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method `%.256"SVf"' for overloaded `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1345 GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1346 if (!SvPOK(GvSV(gv))
1347 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX(GvSV(gv)),
1350 /* Can be an import stub (created by `can'). */
1351 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
1352 const char *name = SvPOK(gvsv) ? SvPVX(gvsv) : "???";
1353 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1354 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
1356 name, cp, HvNAME(stash));
1358 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1360 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading `%s' in package `%.256s' via `%.256s::%.256s' \n",
1361 cp, HvNAME(stash), HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1362 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1364 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1366 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
1370 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
1373 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1375 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1376 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1377 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1381 /* Here we have no table: */
1383 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1384 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1385 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1391 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1399 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1403 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1405 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1406 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1407 || amtp->was_ok_sub != PL_sub_generation )
1409 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1410 ret = amtp->table[id];
1411 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
1412 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
1413 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
1414 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
1415 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
1416 GV *gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, (char*)PL_AMG_names[id]);
1429 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1433 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1434 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1435 int off=0, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
1436 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0, assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1441 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1442 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1443 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1444 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1445 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1447 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1448 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1454 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1455 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1457 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1460 /* look for substituted methods */
1461 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1465 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1466 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1467 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1472 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1473 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1474 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1478 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1481 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1484 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1487 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1488 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1489 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1495 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1498 SV* tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1499 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1501 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1502 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1504 SV* newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1505 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1506 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
1512 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1513 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1514 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1516 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1517 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1518 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1520 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1521 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1522 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1525 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1536 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1538 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1543 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1545 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1553 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1558 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1559 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1560 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1561 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1562 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1563 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1565 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1568 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1569 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1570 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1571 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1572 /* We look for substitution for
1573 * comparison operations and
1575 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1576 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1577 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1587 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1594 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1596 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1601 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1609 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1612 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1613 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1614 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1615 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1618 if (off==-1) off=method;
1619 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1620 "Operation `%s': no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1621 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
1622 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1624 "in overloaded package ":
1625 "has no overloaded magic",
1627 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1630 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1633 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1635 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1637 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1638 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX(msg)) );
1640 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, msg);
1644 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1649 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
1650 "Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1652 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1654 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1655 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
1656 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1657 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1658 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1659 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1660 stash ? HvNAME(stash) : "null",
1661 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1664 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1665 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1666 * version of copy operator
1668 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1669 * a) Assignment form was called.
1670 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1671 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1672 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1673 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1674 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1676 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1677 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1679 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1680 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1683 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1684 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1686 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1687 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1694 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1697 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1698 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1699 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1700 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1702 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1705 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1706 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1707 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1711 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1712 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1713 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1714 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1716 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),0)));
1721 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1729 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1736 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1739 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1742 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1745 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1748 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1751 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1754 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1756 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1759 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1761 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1763 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1771 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1773 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1775 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1776 created even in rvalue contexts.
1778 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
1779 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
1784 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1791 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "ISA"))
1795 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD"))
1799 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "SIG"))
1802 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
1804 || (len == 4 && strEQ(name, "\017PEN")))
1810 if (len > 1 && strEQ(name, "\025NICODE"))
1812 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1814 || (len == 12 && strEQ(name, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
1847 case '\001': /* $^A */
1848 case '\003': /* $^C */
1849 case '\004': /* $^D */
1850 case '\005': /* $^E */
1851 case '\006': /* $^F */
1852 case '\010': /* $^H */
1853 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1854 case '\014': /* $^L */
1855 case '\016': /* $^N */
1856 case '\020': /* $^P */
1857 case '\023': /* $^S */
1858 case '\026': /* $^V */
1862 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
1863 if (len == 1 || strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1876 char *end = name + len;
1877 while (--end > name) {