3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
23 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
24 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
25 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
27 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
28 Perl stores its global variables.
37 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
38 static const STRLEN S_autolen = sizeof(S_autoload)-1;
41 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
43 Perl_gv_SVadd(pTHX_ GV *gv)
45 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
46 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for scalar");
54 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
56 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
57 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
64 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
66 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
67 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
74 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
77 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
80 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
81 * this is a dirhandle.
83 const char * const fh =
84 PL_op->op_type == OP_READDIR ||
85 PL_op->op_type == OP_TELLDIR ||
86 PL_op->op_type == OP_SEEKDIR ||
87 PL_op->op_type == OP_REWINDDIR ||
88 PL_op->op_type == OP_CLOSEDIR ?
89 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
90 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", fh);
94 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
96 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
105 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
116 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
117 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
120 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
121 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
124 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, tmplen - 1);
125 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
127 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
128 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
129 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, tmplen - 2);
131 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, tmplen - 2);
134 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), NULL, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
136 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
142 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
144 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
145 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
146 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
153 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
155 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
156 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
157 return SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
161 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
164 const char *const file = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
165 STRLEN len = strlen(file);
168 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
172 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
173 gp->gv_sv = newSV(0);
176 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
177 /* XXX Ideally this cast would be replaced with a change to const char*
179 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
187 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
190 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
191 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
192 const char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX_const(gv) : NULL;
193 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
195 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
198 /* The constant has to be a simple scalar type. */
199 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
205 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
206 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
213 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
214 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
216 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
224 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
228 GvGP(gv) = Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv);
231 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ (SV*)stash, (SV*)gv);
232 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD);
233 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
235 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
239 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
240 GvCV(gv) = newCONSTSUB(stash, name, has_constant);
242 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
243 (void) start_subparse(0,0); /* Create empty CV in compcv. */
244 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
250 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
251 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
253 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
260 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
272 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
285 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
287 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
288 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
289 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
291 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
292 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
293 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
294 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
296 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
297 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
298 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
299 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
300 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
306 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
316 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
318 level = -1; /* probably appropriate */
319 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", FALSE)))
323 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
326 "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
328 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
329 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
332 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,hvname) );
334 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
339 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
340 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
341 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
342 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
343 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
345 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
347 GvCV(topgv) = cv = NULL;
350 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
351 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
354 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(stash, "ISA", FALSE);
355 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : NULL;
357 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
358 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
359 STRLEN packlen = HvNAMELEN_get(stash);
361 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(hvname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
365 basestash = gv_stashpvn(hvname, packlen, TRUE);
366 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(basestash, "ISA", FALSE);
367 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
368 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(stash, "ISA", TRUE);
369 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
370 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", hvname);
371 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
372 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
373 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
374 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc_simple(av);
380 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
381 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
382 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
384 SV* const sv = *svp++;
385 HV* const basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
387 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
388 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%s::ISA",
392 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
393 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
399 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
401 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
402 HV* const lastchance = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", FALSE);
405 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
406 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
410 * Cache method in topgv if:
411 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
412 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
415 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
417 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
419 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
421 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
422 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
426 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
427 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
428 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
437 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
439 Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
440 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
442 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
443 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
444 of the result may be zero.
450 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
452 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level);
459 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
460 if (len == S_autolen && strnEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
462 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE)))
465 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
467 /* Have an autoload */
468 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
469 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, 0);
470 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
479 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
481 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
482 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
483 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
486 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
487 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
488 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
489 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
490 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
492 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
493 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
494 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
495 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
496 created via a side effect to do this.
498 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
499 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
500 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
501 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
507 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
510 register const char *nend;
511 const char *nsplit = NULL;
515 if (stash && SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
518 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
521 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
525 const char * const origname = name;
529 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
530 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
531 SV * const tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
532 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
533 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
534 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX_const(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
535 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
536 origname, HvNAME_get(stash), name) );
539 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
540 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, FALSE);
542 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
543 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
544 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
545 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
546 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, FALSE))
547 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, TRUE);
552 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
554 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
555 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
557 gv = gv_autoload4(ostash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
560 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
561 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
569 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
572 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
573 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
583 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
591 const char *packname = "";
592 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
594 if (len == S_autolen && strnEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
597 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
598 packname = SvPV_const((SV*)stash, packname_len);
602 packname = HvNAME_get(stash);
603 packname_len = HvNAMELEN_get(stash);
606 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE)))
610 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
614 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
616 if (!method && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
617 && ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX)
619 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
620 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
621 packname, (int)len, name);
624 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
625 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
626 * and split that value on the last '::',
627 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
630 SvPV_set(cv, (char *)name); /* cast to lose constness warning */
636 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
637 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
638 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
639 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
641 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
642 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
646 gv_init(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE);
647 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
648 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
652 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
653 sv_setpvn(varsv, packname, packname_len);
654 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
655 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
656 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
660 /* The "gv" parameter should be the glob known to Perl code as *!
661 * The scalar must already have been magicalized.
664 S_require_errno(pTHX_ GV *gv)
667 HV* stash = gv_stashpvs("Errno", FALSE);
669 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
673 save_scalar(gv); /* keep the value of $! */
674 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
675 newSVpvs("Errno"), NULL);
678 stash = gv_stashpvs("Errno", FALSE);
679 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
680 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
685 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
687 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
688 be a valid UTF-8 string and must be null-terminated. If C<create> is set
689 then the package will be created if it does not already exist. If C<create>
690 is not set and the package does not exist then NULL is returned.
696 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
698 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
702 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
704 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
705 be a valid UTF-8 string. The C<namelen> parameter indicates the length of
706 the C<name>, in bytes. If C<create> is set then the package will be
707 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
708 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
714 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
721 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
724 Newx(tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
725 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
726 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
727 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
728 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
729 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, namelen, create, SVt_PVHV);
730 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
735 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
737 if (!HvNAME_get(stash))
738 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, 0);
743 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
745 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
746 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
752 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
755 const char * const ptr = SvPV_const(sv,len);
756 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
761 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type) {
762 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
766 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, I32 sv_type) {
768 const char * const nambeg = SvPV_const(name, len);
769 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
773 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
777 register const char *name = nambeg;
778 register GV *gv = NULL;
781 register const char *name_cursor;
783 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
784 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
786 flags & ~SVf_UTF8 & ~GV_NOADD_NOINIT & ~GV_NOEXPAND & ~GV_NOTQUAL;
787 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
788 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
790 if (flags & GV_NOTQUAL) {
791 /* Caller promised that there is no stash, so we can skip the check. */
796 if (full_len > 2 && *name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) {
797 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
801 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
802 if ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor < name_em1
803 && name_cursor[1] == ':')
804 || (*name_cursor == '\'' && name_cursor[1]))
808 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
811 len = name_cursor - name;
816 if (len + 3 < (I32)sizeof (smallbuf))
819 Newx(tmpbuf, len+3, char);
820 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
824 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
825 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
826 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
827 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
828 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
832 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
834 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
837 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
838 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
840 if (!HvNAME_get(stash))
841 hv_name_set(stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, 0);
844 if (*name_cursor == ':')
848 if (name == name_end)
849 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE);
852 len = name_cursor - name;
854 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
858 if (len && isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
867 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
868 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
869 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
873 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
878 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
879 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
883 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
884 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
885 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
889 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
890 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
898 else if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
900 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
901 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
902 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
903 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
904 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
905 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
906 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
908 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
910 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
911 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
915 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
916 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
917 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
919 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
920 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
921 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
924 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
930 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
936 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
940 SV * const err = Perl_mess(aTHX_
941 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
942 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
943 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
944 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
946 if (USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES)
949 stash = GvHV(gv_fetchpvn_flags("<none>::", 8, GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV));
955 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
958 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
959 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
962 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
965 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
966 if (*name=='!' && sv_type == SVt_PVHV && len==1)
970 } else if (no_init) {
972 } else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
976 /* Adding a new symbol */
978 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
979 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
980 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
981 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
983 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
984 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
987 /* set up magic where warranted */
992 /* Nothing else to do.
993 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
994 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
995 the common case of lower case variable names. */
999 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1002 if (strEQ(name2, "RGV")) {
1003 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1007 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1011 if (strEQ(name2, "SA")) {
1012 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1014 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
1015 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
1016 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
1017 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
1020 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
1021 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
1022 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
1023 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
1024 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
1025 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
1026 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
1027 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
1028 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
1029 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
1034 if (strEQ(name2, "VERLOAD")) {
1035 HV* const hv = GvHVn(gv);
1037 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
1041 if (strEQ(name2, "IG")) {
1045 Newxz(PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1046 Newxz(PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1047 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1051 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1052 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1053 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1055 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1057 PL_psig_name[i] = 0;
1058 PL_psig_pend[i] = 0;
1063 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1066 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1067 if (strEQ(name2, "HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1070 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1071 if (strEQ(name2, "NCODING"))
1074 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
1075 if (strEQ(name2, "PEN"))
1078 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
1079 if (strEQ(name2, "AINT"))
1082 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
1083 if (strEQ(name2, "NICODE"))
1085 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8LOCALE"))
1087 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8CACHE"))
1090 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
1091 if (strEQ(name2, "ARNING_BITS"))
1104 /* ensures variable is only digits */
1105 /* ${"1foo"} fails this test (and is thus writeable) */
1106 /* added by japhy, but borrowed from is_gv_magical */
1107 const char *end = name + len;
1108 while (--end > name) {
1109 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
1116 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
1117 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
1123 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
1124 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
1125 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
1126 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
1129 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
1133 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
1137 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
1138 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
1144 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm.
1145 The require will itself set errno, so in order to
1146 preserve its value we have to set up the magic
1147 now (rather than going to magicalize)
1150 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1152 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV)
1158 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1159 sv_magic((SV*)av, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
1165 if (sv_type == SVt_PV && ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX))
1166 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
1167 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
1170 sv_setiv(GvSVn(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
1173 case '\010': /* $^H */
1175 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
1176 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
1182 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1183 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
1187 case '\023': /* $^S */
1198 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1213 case '\001': /* $^A */
1214 case '\003': /* $^C */
1215 case '\004': /* $^D */
1216 case '\005': /* $^E */
1217 case '\006': /* $^F */
1218 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1219 case '\016': /* $^N */
1220 case '\017': /* $^O */
1221 case '\020': /* $^P */
1222 case '\024': /* $^T */
1223 case '\027': /* $^W */
1225 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1228 case '\014': /* $^L */
1229 sv_setpvn(GvSVn(gv),"\f",1);
1230 PL_formfeed = GvSVn(gv);
1233 sv_setpvn(GvSVn(gv),"\034",1);
1237 SV * const sv = GvSVn(gv);
1238 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
1239 upg_version(PL_patchlevel);
1240 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
1241 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1245 case '\026': /* $^V */
1247 SV * const sv = GvSVn(gv);
1248 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
1249 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1259 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1263 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1268 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1270 name = HvNAME_get(hv);
1272 namelen = HvNAMELEN_get(hv);
1278 if (keepmain || strNE(name, "main")) {
1279 sv_catpvn(sv,name,namelen);
1282 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1286 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1288 const GV * const egv = GvEGV(gv);
1289 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
1297 IO * const io = (IO*)newSV(0);
1299 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
1300 /* This used to read SvREFCNT(io) = 1;
1301 It's not clear why the reference count needed an explicit reset. NWC
1303 assert (SvREFCNT(io) == 1);
1305 /* Clear the stashcache because a new IO could overrule a package name */
1306 hv_clear(PL_stashcache);
1307 iogv = gv_fetchpvs("FileHandle::", 0, SVt_PVHV);
1308 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1309 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1310 iogv = gv_fetchpvs("IO::Handle::", GV_ADD, SVt_PVHV);
1311 SvSTASH_set(io, (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv)));
1316 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1321 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1323 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1325 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1328 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1329 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1331 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1332 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1334 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1336 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1337 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1340 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1341 * module, don't bother warning */
1342 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1343 # define LIB_COMPONENT ":lib:"
1345 # define LIB_COMPONENT "/lib/"
1348 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1349 && (instr(file, LIB_COMPONENT) || instr(file, ".pm")))
1353 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1355 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
1357 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1359 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
1360 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1361 HvNAME_get(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1368 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ const char *pack)
1371 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1375 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1378 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1386 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1387 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1392 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1393 PL_sub_generation++;
1400 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1405 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1407 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1408 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1409 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1410 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
1411 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
1415 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1416 PL_sub_generation++;
1418 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1419 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1425 unshare_hek(gp->gp_file_hek);
1426 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1427 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1428 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
1429 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
1430 if (gp->gp_hv && SvTYPE(gp->gp_hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
1431 const char *hvname = HvNAME_get(gp->gp_hv);
1432 if (PL_stashcache && hvname)
1433 hv_delete(PL_stashcache, hvname, HvNAMELEN_get(gp->gp_hv),
1435 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1437 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1438 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1439 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1446 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1448 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1449 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
1451 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1453 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1454 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
1456 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1457 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
1464 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1467 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1470 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1471 AMT * const amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1474 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1475 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1476 return (bool)AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1477 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1479 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
1482 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1483 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1484 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1488 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1491 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1493 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1494 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1495 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
1499 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1500 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1502 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
1505 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1506 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1508 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1510 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1511 amt.table[i] = NULL;
1512 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1513 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
1514 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1515 const char * const cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1516 const STRLEN l = strlen(cooky);
1518 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
1519 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
1520 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
1521 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
1522 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
1523 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
1524 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
1525 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
1526 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
1527 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
1528 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0);
1529 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
1530 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1);
1532 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1534 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1535 && strEQ(hvname = HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1536 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
1537 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
1538 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1540 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
1542 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%"SVf256\
1543 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
1544 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, hvname) );
1545 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
1546 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX_const(gvsv),
1549 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
1550 const char * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv)) ? SvPVX_const(gvsv) : "???";
1551 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%.256s\" overloading \"%s\" "\
1552 "in package \"%.256s\"",
1553 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
1557 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1559 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
1560 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1561 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1563 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1565 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
1569 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv);
1572 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1574 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1575 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1576 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1580 /* Here we have no table: */
1582 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1583 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1584 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1590 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1596 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
1598 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1602 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1605 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1606 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1607 || amtp->was_ok_sub != PL_sub_generation )
1609 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1610 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
1611 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
1612 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
1613 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
1614 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
1615 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
1616 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
1629 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1634 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1635 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1636 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
1637 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
1638 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
1639 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1644 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1645 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1646 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1647 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1648 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1650 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1651 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1657 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1658 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1660 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1663 /* look for substituted methods */
1664 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1668 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1669 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1670 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1675 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1676 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1677 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1681 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1684 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1687 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1690 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1691 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1692 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1698 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1701 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1702 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1704 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1705 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1707 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1708 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1709 SvSTASH_set(newref, (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef)));
1715 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1716 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1717 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1719 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1720 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1721 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1723 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1724 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1725 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1728 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1739 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1741 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1746 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1748 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1756 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1761 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1762 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1763 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1764 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1765 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1766 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1768 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1771 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1772 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1773 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1774 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1775 /* We look for substitution for
1776 * comparison operations and
1778 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1779 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1780 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1790 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1797 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1799 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1804 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1812 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1815 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1816 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1817 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1818 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1821 if (off==-1) off=method;
1822 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1823 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1824 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
1825 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1827 "in overloaded package ":
1828 "has no overloaded magic",
1830 HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1833 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1836 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1838 HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1840 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1841 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX_const(msg)) );
1843 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, (void*)msg);
1847 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1852 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
1853 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1855 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1857 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1858 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
1859 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
1860 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1861 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1862 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1863 stash ? HvNAME_get(stash) : "null",
1864 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1867 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1868 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1869 * version of copy operator
1871 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1872 * a) Assignment form was called.
1873 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1874 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1875 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1876 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1877 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1879 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1880 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1882 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1883 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1886 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1887 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1889 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1890 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1897 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1900 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1901 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1902 myop.op_next = NULL;
1903 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1905 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1908 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1909 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1910 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1914 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1915 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1916 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1917 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1919 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),0)));
1924 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1932 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1939 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1942 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1945 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1948 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1951 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1954 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1957 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1959 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1964 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1966 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1968 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1976 =for apidoc is_gv_magical_sv
1978 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV. Calls is_gv_magical.
1984 Perl_is_gv_magical_sv(pTHX_ SV *name, U32 flags)
1987 const char * const temp = SvPV_const(name, len);
1988 return is_gv_magical(temp, len, flags);
1992 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1994 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1996 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1997 created even in rvalue contexts.
1999 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
2000 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
2002 Currently assumes that C<name> is NUL terminated (as well as len being valid).
2003 This assumption is met by all callers within the perl core, which all pass
2004 pointers returned by SvPV.
2009 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
2011 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2012 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
2015 const char * const name1 = name + 1;
2018 if (len == 3 && name1[1] == 'S' && name[2] == 'A')
2022 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name1, "VERLOAD"))
2026 if (len == 3 && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G')
2029 /* Using ${^...} variables is likely to be sufficiently rare that
2030 it seems sensible to avoid the space hit of also checking the
2032 case '\017': /* ${^OPEN} */
2033 if (strEQ(name1, "PEN"))
2036 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2037 if (strEQ(name1, "AINT"))
2040 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE} */
2041 if (strEQ(name1, "NICODE"))
2043 if (strEQ(name1, "TF8LOCALE"))
2046 case '\027': /* ${^WARNING_BITS} */
2047 if (strEQ(name1, "ARNING_BITS"))
2060 const char *end = name + len;
2061 while (--end > name) {
2069 /* Because we're already assuming that name is NUL terminated
2070 below, we can treat an empty name as "\0" */
2097 case '\001': /* $^A */
2098 case '\003': /* $^C */
2099 case '\004': /* $^D */
2100 case '\005': /* $^E */
2101 case '\006': /* $^F */
2102 case '\010': /* $^H */
2103 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2104 case '\014': /* $^L */
2105 case '\016': /* $^N */
2106 case '\017': /* $^O */
2107 case '\020': /* $^P */
2108 case '\023': /* $^S */
2109 case '\024': /* $^T */
2110 case '\026': /* $^V */
2111 case '\027': /* $^W */
2131 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
2137 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
2140 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%"UVuf")", (UV) len);
2142 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
2143 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
2146 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
2147 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, len, hash);
2152 * c-indentation-style: bsd
2154 * indent-tabs-mode: t
2157 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: