3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
25 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
26 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
27 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
29 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
30 Perl stores its global variables.
40 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
41 static const STRLEN S_autolen = sizeof(S_autoload)-1;
44 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
46 Perl_gv_SVadd(pTHX_ GV *gv)
48 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_SVADD;
50 if (!gv || SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
51 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for scalar");
59 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
61 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AVADD;
63 if (!gv || SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
64 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
71 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
73 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_HVADD;
75 if (!gv || SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
76 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
83 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
87 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IOADD;
89 if (!gv || SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
92 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
93 * this is a dirhandle.
95 const char * const fh =
96 PL_op->op_type == OP_READDIR ||
97 PL_op->op_type == OP_TELLDIR ||
98 PL_op->op_type == OP_SEEKDIR ||
99 PL_op->op_type == OP_REWINDDIR ||
100 PL_op->op_type == OP_CLOSEDIR ?
101 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
102 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", fh);
112 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
114 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
115 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
119 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
125 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
128 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
129 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
134 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
137 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
138 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
141 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
142 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
144 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
145 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
146 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
148 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
150 if (PERLDB_LINE || PERLDB_SAVESRC)
151 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), NULL, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
153 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
159 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
161 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
162 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
163 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
170 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
172 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
174 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
175 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
176 return SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
180 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
185 const char *const file
186 = (PL_curcop && CopFILE(PL_curcop)) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
187 const STRLEN len = strlen(file);
189 SV *const temp_sv = CopFILESV(PL_curcop);
193 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
196 file = SvPVX(temp_sv);
197 len = SvCUR(temp_sv);
204 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
208 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
209 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
212 gp->gp_line = PL_curcop ? CopLINE(PL_curcop) : 0;
213 /* XXX Ideally this cast would be replaced with a change to const char*
215 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
223 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
226 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
227 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
228 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
229 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
230 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
231 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
233 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT;
234 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
237 /* The constant has to be a simple scalar type. */
238 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
244 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
245 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
253 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
254 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
256 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
264 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
269 GvGP(gv) = Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv);
272 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
273 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD);
274 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
276 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
279 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
280 GvCV(gv) = newCONSTSUB(stash, name, has_constant);
281 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
282 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
283 from a reference to CV. */
284 if (exported_constant)
285 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
287 (void) start_subparse(0,0); /* Create empty CV in compcv. */
288 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
292 mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(gv)); /* sub Foo::bar($) { (shift) } sub ASDF::baz($); *ASDF::baz = \&Foo::bar */
294 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
295 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
297 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(GvCV(gv)), proto, protolen,
298 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
304 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
306 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
318 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
326 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
327 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
335 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
337 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
338 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
339 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
341 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
342 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
343 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
344 up caching info for this glob.
346 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
347 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
348 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
349 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
350 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
355 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
358 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
366 GV* candidate = NULL;
371 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? 1 : 0;
376 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH;
378 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
380 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
381 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
387 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
389 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
394 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,hvname) );
396 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
398 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
399 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, create);
403 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
404 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
405 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
406 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
407 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
411 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
412 SvREFCNT_dec(cand_cv);
413 GvCV(topgv) = cand_cv = NULL;
417 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
418 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
423 packlen = HvNAMELEN_get(stash);
424 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(hvname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
427 basestash = gv_stashpvn(hvname, packlen, GV_ADD);
428 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(basestash);
431 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
434 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
435 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
437 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
439 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
442 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
443 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%s::ISA",
444 SVfARG(linear_sv), hvname);
450 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, len, 0);
454 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV) gv_init(candidate, cstash, name, len, TRUE);
455 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
457 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
458 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
459 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
461 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
462 if ((old_cv = GvCV(topgv))) SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
463 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
464 GvCV(topgv) = cand_cv;
465 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
471 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
472 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
473 candidate = gv_fetchmeth(NULL, name, len, 1);
475 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
476 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
477 if ((old_cv = GvCV(topgv))) SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
478 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
479 GvCV(topgv) = cand_cv;
480 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
486 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
487 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
488 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
495 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
497 Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
498 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
500 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
501 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
502 of the result may be zero.
508 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
510 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level);
512 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_AUTOLOAD;
519 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
520 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
522 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE)))
525 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
527 /* Have an autoload */
528 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
529 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, 0);
530 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
539 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
541 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
542 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
543 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
546 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
547 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
548 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
549 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
550 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
552 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
553 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
554 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
555 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
556 created via a side effect to do this.
558 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
559 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
560 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
561 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
567 S_gv_get_super_pkg(pTHX_ const char* name, I32 namelen)
574 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_GET_SUPER_PKG;
576 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, namelen, 0);
577 if(stash) return stash;
579 /* If we must create it, give it an @ISA array containing
580 the real package this SUPER is for, so that it's tied
581 into the cache invalidation code correctly */
582 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, namelen, GV_ADD);
583 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(stash, "ISA", TRUE);
585 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
586 superisa = GvAVn(gv);
588 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(superisa), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
590 av_push(superisa, newSVpv(CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop), 0));
592 av_push(superisa, newSVhek(CopSTASH(PL_curcop)
593 ? HvNAME_HEK(CopSTASH(PL_curcop)) : NULL));
600 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
602 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
604 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
607 /* Don't merge this yet, as it's likely to get a len parameter, and possibly
610 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
613 register const char *nend;
614 const char *nsplit = NULL;
617 const char * const origname = name;
618 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
619 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
620 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
622 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_FLAGS;
624 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
627 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if nsplit is set,
628 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
629 the error reporting code. */
632 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
637 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':') {
643 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && memEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
644 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
645 SV * const tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
646 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
647 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
648 stash = gv_get_super_pkg(SvPVX_const(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr));
649 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
650 origname, HvNAME_get(stash), name) );
653 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
654 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, 0);
656 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
657 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
658 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
659 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
660 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, 0))
661 stash = gv_get_super_pkg(origname, nsplit - origname);
666 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
668 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
669 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
671 gv = gv_autoload4(ostash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
672 if (!gv && do_croak) {
673 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
677 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%.*s\"",
678 name, (int)HvNAMELEN_get(stash), HvNAME_get(stash));
682 const char *packname;
685 packlen = nsplit - origname;
688 packname = SvPV_const(error_report, packlen);
692 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%.*s\""
693 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%.*s\"?)",
694 name, (int)packlen, packname, (int)packlen, packname);
699 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
700 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
708 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
711 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
712 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
722 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
730 const char *packname = "";
731 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
733 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD4;
735 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
738 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
739 packname = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
743 packname = HvNAME_get(stash);
744 packname_len = HvNAMELEN_get(stash);
747 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE)))
751 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
755 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
757 if (!method && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
758 && ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX)
760 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
761 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
762 packname, (int)len, name);
765 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
766 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
767 * and split that value on the last '::',
768 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
771 SvPV_set(cv, (char *)name); /* cast to lose constness warning */
777 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
778 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
779 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
780 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
782 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
783 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
787 gv_init(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE);
788 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
789 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
793 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
794 sv_setpvn(varsv, packname, packname_len);
795 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
796 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
801 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
802 * that implements the logic of automatical ties like %! and %-
804 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
805 * "varpv" holds the name of the var, used for error messages.
806 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
807 * "methpv" holds the method name to test for to check that things
808 * are working reasonably close to as expected.
809 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
810 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
811 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
814 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *varpv, SV* namesv, const char *methpv,const U32 flags)
817 HV* stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
819 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
821 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, methpv))) {
822 SV *module = newSVsv(namesv);
823 char varname = *varpv; /* varpv might be clobbered by load_module,
824 so save it. For the moment it's always
830 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
831 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
835 stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
837 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %%%c because %"SVf" is not available",
838 varname, SVfARG(namesv));
839 else if (!gv_fetchmethod(stash, methpv))
840 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %%%c because %"SVf" does not support method %s",
841 varname, SVfARG(namesv), methpv);
843 SvREFCNT_dec(namesv);
848 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
850 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
851 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
857 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
859 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
860 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
864 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
866 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
867 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
868 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
869 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
870 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then NULL
878 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
885 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
887 if (namelen + 2 <= sizeof smallbuf)
890 Newx(tmpbuf, namelen + 2, char);
891 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
892 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
893 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
894 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, namelen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
895 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
900 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
902 if (!HvNAME_get(stash))
903 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, 0);
908 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
910 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See C<gv_stashpvn>.
916 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
919 const char * const ptr = SvPV_const(sv,len);
921 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
923 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, flags);
928 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
929 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
930 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
934 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
936 const char * const nambeg = SvPV_const(name, len);
937 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
938 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
942 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
943 const svtype sv_type)
946 register const char *name = nambeg;
947 register GV *gv = NULL;
950 register const char *name_cursor;
952 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
953 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
954 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
955 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
956 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
959 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
961 if (flags & GV_NOTQUAL) {
962 /* Caller promised that there is no stash, so we can skip the check. */
967 if (full_len > 2 && *name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) {
968 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
972 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
973 if ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor < name_em1
974 && name_cursor[1] == ':')
975 || (*name_cursor == '\'' && name_cursor[1]))
979 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
982 len = name_cursor - name;
987 if (len + 2 <= (I32)sizeof (smallbuf))
990 Newx(tmpbuf, len+2, char);
991 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
994 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
995 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
996 if (gv && gv != (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
997 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
998 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
1002 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1004 if (!gv || gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1007 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
1008 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
1010 if (!HvNAME_get(stash))
1011 hv_name_set(stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, 0);
1014 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1018 if (name == name_end)
1020 ? gv : MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1023 len = name_cursor - name;
1025 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1029 if (len && isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
1030 bool global = FALSE;
1038 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1039 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1040 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1044 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1049 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1050 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1054 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1055 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1056 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1060 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1061 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1068 stash = PL_defstash;
1069 else if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1070 stash = PL_curstash;
1071 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1072 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1073 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1074 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1075 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1076 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1077 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1079 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
1081 *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1082 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1086 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1087 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1088 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1090 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
1091 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1092 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1095 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
1101 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1104 stash = PL_defstash;
1107 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
1111 SV * const err = Perl_mess(aTHX_
1112 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
1113 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1114 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1115 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1118 if (USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES)
1121 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1123 /* symbol table under destruction */
1132 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1135 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
1136 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1139 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
1142 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
1143 if (len == 1 && (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)) {
1145 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1146 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
1147 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1151 } else if (no_init) {
1153 } else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
1157 /* Adding a new symbol.
1158 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
1159 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
1161 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
1162 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
1164 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
1166 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1167 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
1168 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
1169 gv_init_sv(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
1171 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
1172 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
1175 /* set up magic where warranted */
1180 /* Nothing else to do.
1181 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1182 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1183 the common case of lower case variable names. */
1187 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1190 if (strEQ(name2, "RGV")) {
1191 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1193 else if (strEQ(name2, "RGVOUT")) {
1198 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1202 if (strEQ(name2, "SA")) {
1203 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1205 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1207 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
1208 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
1209 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
1211 av_push(av, newSVpvs("NDBM_File"));
1212 gv_stashpvs("NDBM_File", GV_ADD);
1213 av_push(av, newSVpvs("DB_File"));
1214 gv_stashpvs("DB_File", GV_ADD);
1215 av_push(av, newSVpvs("GDBM_File"));
1216 gv_stashpvs("GDBM_File", GV_ADD);
1217 av_push(av, newSVpvs("SDBM_File"));
1218 gv_stashpvs("SDBM_File", GV_ADD);
1219 av_push(av, newSVpvs("ODBM_File"));
1220 gv_stashpvs("ODBM_File", GV_ADD);
1225 if (strEQ(name2, "VERLOAD")) {
1226 HV* const hv = GvHVn(gv);
1228 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
1232 if (strEQ(name2, "IG")) {
1236 Newxz(PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1237 Newxz(PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1238 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1242 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1243 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1244 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1246 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1248 PL_psig_name[i] = 0;
1249 PL_psig_pend[i] = 0;
1254 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1257 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1258 if (strEQ(name2, "HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1261 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1262 if (strEQ(name2, "NCODING"))
1265 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
1266 if (strEQ(name2, "ATCH"))
1268 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
1269 if (strEQ(name2, "PEN"))
1272 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
1273 if (strEQ(name2, "REMATCH") || strEQ(name2, "OSTMATCH"))
1275 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
1276 if (strEQ(name2, "AINT"))
1279 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
1280 if (strEQ(name2, "NICODE"))
1282 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8LOCALE"))
1284 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8CACHE"))
1287 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
1288 if (strEQ(name2, "ARNING_BITS"))
1301 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
1303 /* This snippet is taken from is_gv_magical */
1304 const char *end = name + len;
1305 while (--end > name) {
1306 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
1313 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
1314 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
1320 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
1321 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
1322 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
1323 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
1326 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
1330 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
1334 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
1335 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
1341 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
1343 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1345 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod is called */
1346 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1347 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1352 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
1354 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1355 SV* const avc = (*name == '+') ? MUTABLE_SV(av) : NULL;
1357 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), avc, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
1358 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1360 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1363 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1364 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1370 if (sv_type == SVt_PV && ckWARN2_d(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX))
1371 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
1372 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
1375 sv_setiv(GvSVn(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
1378 case '\010': /* $^H */
1380 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
1381 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
1384 case '\023': /* $^S */
1386 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1409 case '\001': /* $^A */
1410 case '\003': /* $^C */
1411 case '\004': /* $^D */
1412 case '\005': /* $^E */
1413 case '\006': /* $^F */
1414 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1415 case '\016': /* $^N */
1416 case '\017': /* $^O */
1417 case '\020': /* $^P */
1418 case '\024': /* $^T */
1419 case '\027': /* $^W */
1421 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1424 case '\014': /* $^L */
1425 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
1426 PL_formfeed = GvSVn(gv);
1429 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
1433 SV * const sv = GvSVn(gv);
1434 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
1435 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
1436 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
1437 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1441 case '\026': /* $^V */
1443 SV * const sv = GvSVn(gv);
1444 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
1445 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1455 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1459 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1461 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
1467 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1469 name = HvNAME_get(hv);
1471 namelen = HvNAMELEN_get(hv);
1477 if (keepmain || strNE(name, "main")) {
1478 sv_catpvn(sv,name,namelen);
1481 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1485 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1487 const GV * const egv = GvEGV(gv);
1489 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
1491 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
1499 IO * const io = MUTABLE_IO(newSV_type(SVt_PVIO));
1500 /* This used to read SvREFCNT(io) = 1;
1501 It's not clear why the reference count needed an explicit reset. NWC
1503 assert (SvREFCNT(io) == 1);
1505 /* Clear the stashcache because a new IO could overrule a package name */
1506 hv_clear(PL_stashcache);
1507 iogv = gv_fetchpvs("FileHandle::", 0, SVt_PVHV);
1508 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1509 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1510 iogv = gv_fetchpvs("IO::Handle::", GV_ADD, SVt_PVHV);
1511 SvSTASH_set(io, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv))));
1516 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ const HV *stash)
1521 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
1523 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1525 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1527 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1530 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1531 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1533 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1534 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1536 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1538 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
1539 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1542 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1544 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
1546 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
1547 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
1549 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
1550 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1551 HvNAME_get(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1558 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ const char *pack)
1562 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN;
1564 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1568 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1571 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1579 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
1580 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
1581 don't infect them with our cached entry */
1582 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1591 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1596 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1598 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1599 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1600 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1601 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
1602 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
1605 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1606 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1612 if (gp->gp_file_hek)
1613 unshare_hek(gp->gp_file_hek);
1614 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1615 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1616 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
1617 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
1618 if (gp->gp_hv && SvTYPE(gp->gp_hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
1619 const char *hvname = HvNAME_get(gp->gp_hv);
1620 if (PL_stashcache && hvname)
1621 (void)hv_delete(PL_stashcache, hvname, HvNAMELEN_get(gp->gp_hv),
1623 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1625 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1626 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1627 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1634 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1636 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1637 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
1639 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
1641 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1643 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1644 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
1646 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
1647 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
1654 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1657 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1660 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1662 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
1665 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
1667 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
1669 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1670 if (amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1671 && amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
1672 return (bool)AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1674 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1677 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
1680 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1681 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
1682 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1686 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1689 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1691 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1692 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1693 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
1697 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1698 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1700 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
1703 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1704 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1706 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1708 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1709 amt.table[i] = NULL;
1710 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1711 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
1712 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1713 const char * const cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1714 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
1716 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
1717 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
1718 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
1719 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
1720 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
1721 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
1722 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
1723 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
1724 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
1725 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
1726 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0);
1727 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
1728 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1);
1730 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1732 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1733 && strEQ(hvname = HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1734 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
1735 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
1736 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1738 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
1740 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%"SVf256\
1741 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
1742 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, hvname) );
1743 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
1744 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX_const(gvsv),
1747 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
1748 const char * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv)) ? SvPVX_const(gvsv) : "???";
1749 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%.256s\" overloading \"%s\" "\
1750 "in package \"%.256s\"",
1751 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
1755 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1757 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
1758 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1759 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1761 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1763 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
1764 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
1767 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
1770 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1772 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1773 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1774 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1778 /* Here we have no table: */
1780 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1781 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1782 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1788 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1794 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
1796 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
1799 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
1800 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
1802 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1806 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1809 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1810 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1811 || amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
1813 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1814 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
1815 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
1816 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
1817 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
1818 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
1819 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
1820 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
1833 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1838 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1839 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1840 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
1841 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
1842 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
1843 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1849 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
1851 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
1852 SV *lex_mask = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch(aTHX_ PL_curcop->cop_hints_hash,
1853 0, "overloading", 11, 0, 0);
1855 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
1856 /* overloading lexically disabled */
1858 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
1859 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
1860 * masked by overloading.pm */
1862 const int offset = method / 8;
1863 const int bit = method % 8;
1864 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
1866 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
1867 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
1872 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1873 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1874 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1875 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1876 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1878 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1879 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1885 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1886 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1888 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1891 /* look for substituted methods */
1892 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1896 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1897 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1898 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1903 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1904 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1905 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1909 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1912 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1915 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1918 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1919 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1920 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1926 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1929 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1930 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1932 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1933 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1935 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1936 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1937 /* As a bit of a source compatibility hack, SvAMAGIC() and
1938 friends dereference an RV, to behave the same was as when
1939 overloading was stored on the reference, not the referant.
1940 Hence we can't use SvAMAGIC_on()
1942 SvFLAGS(newref) |= SVf_AMAGIC;
1943 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
1949 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1950 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1951 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1953 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1954 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1955 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1957 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1958 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1959 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1962 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1973 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1975 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1980 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1981 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1983 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1991 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1996 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1997 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1998 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1999 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
2000 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
2001 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
2003 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
2006 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
2007 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
2008 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
2009 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
2010 /* We look for substitution for
2011 * comparison operations and
2013 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
2014 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
2015 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
2025 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
2032 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
2034 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
2039 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
2060 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2063 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
2064 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
2065 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
2066 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
2067 } else if ((amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) && !DEBUG_o_TEST) {
2068 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
2072 if (off==-1) off=method;
2073 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
2074 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
2075 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
2076 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
2078 "in overloaded package ":
2079 "has no overloaded magic",
2081 HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
2084 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
2087 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
2089 HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
2091 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
2092 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX_const(msg)) );
2094 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg));
2098 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
2103 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2104 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
2106 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2108 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2109 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
2110 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
2111 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
2112 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
2113 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
2114 stash ? HvNAME_get(stash) : "null",
2115 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
2118 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
2119 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
2120 * version of copy operator
2122 /* We need to copy in following cases:
2123 * a) Assignment form was called.
2124 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
2125 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
2126 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
2127 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
2128 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
2130 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
2131 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
2133 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
2134 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
2137 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
2138 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
2140 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
2141 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
2148 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
2151 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
2152 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
2153 myop.op_next = NULL;
2154 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
2156 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
2159 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
2160 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
2161 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
2165 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
2166 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
2167 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
2168 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
2170 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
2171 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
2173 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2176 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
2184 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
2191 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
2194 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
2197 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
2200 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
2203 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
2206 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
2209 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
2211 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
2216 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
2218 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
2220 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
2228 =for apidoc is_gv_magical_sv
2230 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
2232 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
2233 created even in rvalue contexts.
2235 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
2236 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
2238 Currently assumes that C<name> is NUL terminated (as well as len being valid).
2239 This assumption is met by all callers within the perl core, which all pass
2240 pointers returned by SvPV.
2246 Perl_is_gv_magical_sv(pTHX_ SV *const name_sv, U32 flags)
2249 const char *const name = SvPV_const(name_sv, len);
2251 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
2252 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_GV_MAGICAL_SV;
2255 const char * const name1 = name + 1;
2258 if (len == 3 && name[1] == 'S' && name[2] == 'A')
2262 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name1, "VERLOAD"))
2266 if (len == 3 && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G')
2269 /* Using ${^...} variables is likely to be sufficiently rare that
2270 it seems sensible to avoid the space hit of also checking the
2272 case '\017': /* ${^OPEN} */
2273 if (strEQ(name1, "PEN"))
2276 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2277 if (strEQ(name1, "AINT"))
2280 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE} */
2281 if (strEQ(name1, "NICODE"))
2283 if (strEQ(name1, "TF8LOCALE"))
2286 case '\027': /* ${^WARNING_BITS} */
2287 if (strEQ(name1, "ARNING_BITS"))
2300 const char *end = name + len;
2301 while (--end > name) {
2309 /* Because we're already assuming that name is NUL terminated
2310 below, we can treat an empty name as "\0" */
2336 case '\001': /* $^A */
2337 case '\003': /* $^C */
2338 case '\004': /* $^D */
2339 case '\005': /* $^E */
2340 case '\006': /* $^F */
2341 case '\010': /* $^H */
2342 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2343 case '\014': /* $^L */
2344 case '\016': /* $^N */
2345 case '\017': /* $^O */
2346 case '\020': /* $^P */
2347 case '\023': /* $^S */
2348 case '\024': /* $^T */
2349 case '\026': /* $^V */
2350 case '\027': /* $^W */
2370 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
2375 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
2376 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
2379 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%"UVuf")", (UV) len);
2381 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
2382 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
2385 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
2386 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, len, hash);
2391 * c-indentation-style: bsd
2393 * indent-tabs-mode: t
2396 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: